内容正文:
编写说明:黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。
本专题是黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中词汇知识清单的第3个专题,内容为翻译高频词。
黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习
英语词汇知识清单
专题3 翻译高频词(讲+练)
【知识点清单一】翻译高频名词【考点解读】
近三年真题显示,每年的高考试卷分为三部分,第三大部分翻译题,英译汉和汉译英各五题。从词义辨析到语法辨析,更有很多固定和习惯用法,面面俱到。因此复习时也要细致具体,关注基础,也要关注细节,注意拔高部分。本专题旨在帮助学生梳理翻译高频词,同时掌握翻译技巧,在考试中取得更好的成绩。
1.单词表
类别
单词
含义
单词
含义
人物
相关
adult
成年人
author
作者
aunt
阿姨;姑妈
Uncle
叔叔,舅舅
engineer
工程师
Scientist
科学家
doctor
医生
nurse
护士
manager
经理
headmaster
校长
journalist
新闻工作者
lawyer
律师
Singer
歌手
Artist
艺术家
身体部位与健康
head
头,头部
Hair
头发,毛发
heart
心,心脏
brain
大脑
cheek
脸颊
tongue
舌头
forehead
额头
lung
肺
stomach
胃
chest
胸部
back
背部
waist
腰部
shoulder
肩膀
arm
手臂
finger
手指
knee
膝盖
vitality
活力
Strength
力量
hospital
医院
Fever
发烧
health
健康
Cough
咳嗽
Sore throat
喉咙痛
Cold
感冒
pain
疼痛
toothache
牙痛
headache
头痛
appearance
外貌;出现
地点
场所
airport
机场
library
图书馆
station
车站
park
公园
hotel
酒店
factory
工厂
farm
农场
workshop
车间
beauty salon
美容院
laundry
洗衣房,干洗店
时间
日期
afternoon
下午
Dawn
黎明
autumn
秋天
Moment
片刻
century
世纪
While
一段时间
decade
十年
Instant
瞬间
Weekend
周末
Weekday
工作日
学习
教育
accounting
会计
computer
计算机
Mathematics
数学
Physics
物理学
Geology
地质学
Sociology
社会学
Astronomy
天文学
Biology
生物学
Chemistry
化学
Psychology
心理学
clothing design
服装设计
preschool education
学前教育
Literature
文学
History
历史学
institute
学会;研究所,学院
instruction
教学,教导;命令,指示,用法说明
textbook
教科书
solution
解决办法
effort
努力
skill
技能
problem
问题
question
问题
answer
答案
information
信息
knowledge
知识
ability
能力
paragraph
段落
title
标题
生活与日常
apple
苹果
car
汽车
glass
玻璃;玻璃杯
paper
纸;报纸;文件;试卷
radio
无线电;收音机
Video
录像
habit
习惯,习性
holiday
假期,假日,节日
handkerchief
手帕
housework
家务劳动
absence
缺席
access
通道,入口;进入的机会
旅游
相关
tourist
游客
attraction
旅游景点
tour guide
导游
national park
国家公园
summer resort
避暑胜地
scenic spot
风景区
view
意见;风景;视野
自然
事物
air
空气
hill
小山;丘陵
river
河流
mountain
山
fire
火
water
水
valley
山谷
lake
湖泊
ocean
海洋
sea
海
island
岛屿
forest
森林
jungle
丛林
desert
沙漠
plain
平原
field
田野
waterfall
瀑布
cave
洞穴
sunshine
阳光
wind
风
thunder
雷
rainbow
彩虹
storm
暴风雨
fruit
果实
leaf
(复数 leaves)叶子
root
根
Tree
树
earth
土;大地
cloud
云
sunflower
向日葵
抽象概念
health
健康
life
生活
labor
劳动
friendship
友情
time
时间;倍,次数
challenge
挑战
reason
原因
result
结果
method
方法
way
方式;方法;道路
company
陪伴;公司
ambition
抱负;雄心
goal
目标;球门;得分数
material
材料;物质
performance
表演;表现
effect
影响
opportunity
机会
chance
机会;可能性
achievement
成就;完成
advantage
优点;优势
advertisement
广告
agreement
协议;同意
attention
注意;注意力
announcement
通知;宣告
accuracy
准确(性)
application
申请;应用
accident
事故
Incident
小事
工具与设备
hammer
锤,榔头
machine
机器,机械
hardware
(计算机的)硬件
computer
计算机
handle
柄,把手
情感与态度
hate
憎恶,憎恨,仇恨
honor
光荣,荣誉
pride
骄傲,自豪
Surprise
惊喜,惊讶
anger
愤怒
joy
欢乐,喜悦
stress
压力,紧张
Like
喜欢
Love
爱
Worry
担心
社会与政治
government
政府
society
社会
war
战争
peace
和平
law
法律
科技与技术
hi - tech
高新技术
invention
发明
technology
技术
network
网络
software
软件
Smartphone
智能手机
Smartwatch
智能手表
2.名词在句子中的翻译技巧
名词在句子中通常承担主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。在句子中的翻译需结合语境、语法和表达习惯,以下是具体技巧及实例解析:
场景
技巧
实例
根据词性和语法功能调整译法
作主语时的动态化处理
中文常用动词开头,可将英文名词主语转为动词短语。
The development of technology has changed our lives. → 技术的发展改变了我们的生活。
His success comes from hard work. → 他的成功源于努力。
作宾语时的搭配选择
根据动词搭配选择中文惯用表达,避免直译。
Take notes during the meeting. → 会议期间记笔记。
Solve problems efficiently. → 高效地解决问题。
作定语时的语序调整
英文名词作前置定语,中文常转为 “…… 的” 结构。
Computer science → 计算机科学
Factory workers → 工厂工人
抽象名词的具体化翻译
添加范畴词
在抽象名词后加 “情况 / 问题 / 过程 / 方法” 等词,使语义明确。
Difficulty → 困难情况(例:We face many difficulties. → 我们面临许多困难情况。)
Competition → 竞争过程(例:The competition is fierce. → 竞争过程很激烈。)
转为动词短语
将抽象名词译为动词结构,增强中文可读性。
Attention → 注意(例:Pay attention to details. → 注意细节。)
Development → 发展(例:The city's development is rapid. → 城市发展迅速。)
具体名词的语境化翻译
一词多义的辨析
根据上下文选择最贴切的词义,避免机械对应。
Paper (不可数)a piece of paper → 一张纸
(可数)academic papers → 学术论文
Charge(费用)service charge → 服务费
(责任)in charge of → 负责
专业术语的精准翻译
查阅行业词典,避免通用词误译。
CNC technology → 数控技术(非 “计算机数字控制技术”)
Accounting → 会计(非 “算账”)
固定搭配与习语的处理
动词 + 名词短语
记忆中文惯用搭配,避免直译。
Make progress → 取得进步(非 “做进步”)
Take measures → 采取措施(非 “拿措施”)
介词 + 名词短语
译为中文固定表达。
In fact → 事实上
By chance → 偶然地
文化差异导致的翻译调整
增减范畴词
补充中文语境中省略的部分。
Family planning → 计划生育(增加 “生育”)
Environmental protection → 环境保护(增加 “保护”)
替换文化意象
用中文等效表达替换英文特有概念。
Black sheep → 害群之马(非 “黑羊”)
Break a leg → 祝好运(非 “打断腿”)
避免常见错误
单复数误译
Advice(不可数)→ 建议(误:一个建议)
Information(不可数)→ 信息(误:一条信息需加 “a piece of”)
混淆近义词
Job(具体工作)vs. Work(抽象工作)→ 一份工作(job)/ 工作时间(work)
冗余翻译
Return back → 返回(back 多余) Repeat again → 重复(again 多余)
3.常用短语或固定搭配
单词
短语
plan
make a plan(制定计划),carry out a plan(执行计划),change a plan(改变计划)
problem
solve a problem(解决问题),face a problem(面对问题),deal with a problem(处理问题)
time
on time(准时),in time(及时),at the same time(同时),from time to time(时不时地)
way
by the way(顺便说),in the way(妨碍),on the way to(在去…… 的路上),in a way(在某种程度上)
reason
for this reason(因为这个原因),the reason for(…… 的原因),reason for doing sth.(做某事的理由)
purpose
for the purpose of(为了…… 目的),on purpose(故意地)
result
as a result(结果),as a result of(由于),get a good result(取得好成绩)
job
get a job(找到一份工作),do a job(做一份工作),lose one's job(失业)
advice
give advice(给出建议),take one's advice(接受某人的建议),ask for advice(寻求建议)
information
get information(获取信息),provide information(提供信息),a piece of information(一条信息)
【即时训练】
一、英译汉
1.She works as a nurse in the hospital.
2.The sun rises at dawn.
3.He has a headache and needs to rest.
4.There is a beautiful lake in the park.
5.My aunt is a good singer.
二、汉译英
6.他的叔叔是一名医生。
7.我喜欢在下午读文学书。
8.这座山的顶部有一片森林。
9.她每天都做半小时家务。
10.感冒时多喝水对健康有好处。
【知识点清单二】翻译高频动词
1.单词举例
分类
单词及含义
用法举例
动作行为类(表示具体的行为动作)
基础动作
catch(抓住)
Catch the ball(接住球)。
bring(带来)
Please bring your book to class tomorrow.明天请把你的书带到课堂上来。
take(拿;取)
Please take the book on the desk.(请拿走桌上的书。)
put(放)
Put down(放下)
pass(递给;传递)
Pass me the pen(把笔递给我)。
hang(悬挂)
Hang the picture on the wall(把画挂在墙上)
hold(举行)
Hold a meeting(举行会议)
place(搁置)
Place the book on the desk(把书放在桌子上)。
throw(扔)
He threw the ball to his teammate.(他把球扔给了队友。)
shake(摇晃)
shake sth(摇晃某物);shake with...(因…而抖动,如寒冷、恐惧)
stick(粘贴)
Stick the stamp on the envelope(把邮票贴在信封上)。
shut(关闭)
Shut the door(关上门)
Open(打开)
Open the door.(打开门)
stand(站立)
She stood at the door waiting for us.(她站在门口等我们。)
sit(坐)
Sit down ,please.请坐。
lie(躺)
Lie down(躺下)
set树立;设置
He set a good example for all of us.(他为我们所有人树立了好榜样。)
show显示;展示
show sth to sb(向某人展示某物);show sb around(带某人参观)。
teach教
teach sb sth(教某人某事);teach sb to do sth(教某人做某事)。
travel旅行
They traveled to France last summer.(他们去年夏天去法国旅行了。)
turn转变;转动
turn on(打开);turn off(关闭);turn up(调大音量);turn down(调小音量) Turn on the light, please.(请开灯。)
visit参观、拜访
Visit the museum(参观博物馆)。
weigh称重量
The baby weighs 8 kilograms now.(这个宝宝现在重 8 公斤。)
Weigh the apples(称苹果的重量)
avoid(避免)
后接名词、代词或动名词(doing),不接不定式。
You should avoid making the same mistake.你应该避免犯同样的错误。
attract(吸引)
The beautiful park attracts many visitors.(这个美丽的公园吸引了很多游客。)
balance(平衡)
It's important to balance work and rest.(平衡工作和休息很重要。)
break(打破、中断)
Break the glass(打破玻璃)。
book(预定)
Book a hotel room(预定酒店房间)。
choose(选择)
Choose your favorite book(选择你最喜欢的书)。
leave(离开、动身)
Leave for Beijing(动身去北京)。
lose(丢失、失去)
Lose my key(丢失我的钥匙)。
list(列出)
List the names(列出名字)
repeat(重复)
Could you repeat that question? I didn’t hear it clearly.(你能重复一下那个问题吗?我没听清。)
wake(醒、醒来)
Wake up early(早起)
wait(等待)
She will wait for you at the bus stop.(她会在公交站等你。)
wear(穿着)
She likes to wear red dresses in summer.(她夏天喜欢穿红色连衣裙。)
日常行为
have(吃、喝)
Have breakfast(吃早餐)
dress(穿衣)
Dress quickly(快点穿衣服)。
wash(洗)
Do some washing.(洗衣服)
shop(买东西)
Go shopping.(去购物)
cook(做饭)
Do some cooking(做饭)
fish(钓鱼)
Go fishing(去钓鱼)。
skate(滑冰)
Go skating(去滑冰)。
ride(骑;乘)
Ride a bike(骑自行车)。
walk(走)
Walk to school(走到)
light(点亮)
Light the candle(点燃蜡烛)。
paint(涂、刷)
Paint the wall(粉刷墙壁)。
repair(修理)
My father is repairing the broken TV.(我爸爸正在修坏了的电视。)
自然 / 环境相关
fall(落下)
Leaves fall in autumn.(秋天树叶落下。)
rise(升起)
The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
snow(下雪)
It snows in winter.(冬天下雪。)
blow(刮风)
It blows almost every day in this coastal city.(这座沿海城市几乎每天都刮风。)
rain(下雨)
Does it often rain in your hometown during summer?(你的家乡夏天经常下雨吗?)
操作类
operate(操作)
Operate the machine(操作机器)。
download(下载)
Download the software(下载软件)。
design(设计)
design a new dress 设计一件新连衣裙
invent(发明)
Invent a new machine(发明一台新机器)。
print(打印)
This shirt is printed with a beautiful pattern of flowers.(这件衬衫上印着漂亮的花卉图案。)
examine(检查)
Examine the car(检查汽车)。
return(返回)
She returned to her hometown last week.(她上周回到了家乡。)
心理 / 情感类(涉及心理活动、情感表达)
认知与思考
know(知道)
know sth(知道某事 / 某物) know sb(认识 / 了解某人)
know about sth/sb(了解关于某事 / 某人的情况)
know + 宾语从句(知道……)
know how/what/when to do sth(知道如何 / 什么 / 何时做某事)
think(思考)
I think (that) he is right.(我认为他是对的。)
realize(意识到)
She didn’t realize her mistake until he pointed it out.(直到他指出来,她才意识到自己的错误。)
understand(理解)
I understand why she is angry.(我明白她为什么生气。)
forget(忘记)
forget sth:忘记某物 / 某事
forget to do sth:忘记去做某事(事情未做)
forget doing sth:忘记做过某事(事情已做但忘记了)
remember(记住)
remember to do sth,意为 “记得要做某事”,事情未做)或动名词(remember doing sth,意为 “记得做过某事”,事情已做)。
mean(意味着)
What does this word mean?(这个单词是什么意思?)
suppose(猜想)
suppose (that)...(猜想……);
be supposed to do sth(应该做某事,相当于 should)
wonder(想知道)
I wonder what time the train will arrive.(我想知道火车几点到。)
expect(期盼)
Expect a good result(期待一个好结果)。
believe(相信)
believe in sb./sth.(信任某人 / 某物)。
I believe that he will come.(我相信他会来。)
Continue(继续)
She decided to continue her studies after graduation.(她决定毕业后继续学业。)
care(关心、在意)
Care about your health(关心你的健康)。
want(想要)
I want a cup of coffee.(我想要一杯咖啡。)
experience(体验、经历)
Experience different cultures(体验不同的文化)
learn(学习;得知)
She is learning English at a language school.(她在语言学校学英语。)
require(需要)
Ensure the safety(确保安全)。
ensure(确保)
This job requires patience.(这份工作需要耐心。)
情感表达
care(关心)
Do you care if we postpone the meeting until tomorrow?(我们把会议推迟到明天,你介意吗?)
like(喜欢)
Do you like drinking coffee with milk?(你喜欢喝加牛奶的咖啡吗?)
love(爱)
They have loved each other for over ten years.(他们相爱已经十多年了。)
hate(讨厌)
He hates getting up early on weekends.(他讨厌周末早起。)
prefer(更喜欢)
Prefer coffee to tea(比起茶更喜欢咖啡)。
surprise(使惊奇)
Her sudden arrival surprised us all.(她的突然到来让我们都很惊讶。)
satisfy(使满意)
satisfy sb(使某人满意);
satisfy one’s needs/demands(满足某人的需求 / 要求)
worry(担忧)
Don’t worry about the exam—you’ve prepared well.(别担心考试,你准备得很好。)
thank(感谢)
I thank you for your help.(感谢你的帮助。)
celebrate(庆祝)
Celebrate the festival(庆祝节日)。
greet(问候)
Greet your teachers politely.(礼貌地向老师打招呼。)
态度与反应
accept(接受)
She accepted the gift with a smile.(她微笑着接受了礼物。)
refuse(拒绝)
Refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事。
blame(责备)
blame sb. for sth.(因某事责备某人)
His mother blamed him for breaking the cup.(他妈妈因他打碎杯子而责备了他。)
forgive(原谅)
It’s not easy to forgive someone who has hurt you deeply.(原谅一个深深伤害过你的人并不容易。)
admire(羡慕)
I admire her courage to speak up in front of a large crowd.(我钦佩她在众人面前敢于发言的勇气。)
交流与沟通类(涉及信息传递、互动)
语言表达
say(说话)
He said “Hello” to everyone in the room.(他对房间里的每个人说了 “你好”。)
talk(谈话)
talk to/with sb(与某人交谈);talk about sth(谈论某事)。
They are talking with each other in the garden.(他们在花园里互相交谈。)
tell(告诉)
tell a story(讲故事);tell the truth(说实话);tell...from...(区分… 和…)。
speak(说)
Speak English (讲英语)
express(表达)
Express your feelings(表达你的感受)
explain(解释)
“explain sth. to sb.”(向某人解释某事)、“explain why/how...”(解释为什么 / 如何……)
acknowledge(承认;感谢)
She acknowledged her mistake finally.(她最终承认了自己的错误。)
report(报道)
The newspaper reported the accident in detail.(报纸详细报道了这起事故。)
互动行为
call(打电话)
Call me later.(稍后给我打电话。)
introduce(介绍)
introduce A to B(把 A 介绍给 B)、
introduce sth.(介绍 / 引进某物)
advise(建议)
Advise you to study hard(建议你努力学习)。
suggest(建议)
Suggest doing exercise(建议做运动)。
offer(提供)
Offer help(提供帮助)
remind(提醒)
This song reminds me of my childhood.(这首歌让我想起了童年。)
warn(警告)
The teacher warned us not to run in the hallway.(老师警告我们不要在走廊里跑。)
ask(问)
ask sb. sth.(问某人某事)ask for sth.(请求某物 / 某事)
answer(回答)
answer a question(回答问题)answer the phone(接电话)
reply(回答、答复)
Reply to the letter(回信)。
warn(警告)
warn sb. about sth.(警告某人关于某事)
warn sb. not to do sth.(警告某人不要做某事)
获取与处置类(涉及物品、资源的获取或处理)
获取
borrow(借)
borrow sth. from sb.(向某人借某物)。
Can I borrow a pen from you?(我能向你借一支钢笔吗?)
buy(买)
buy sth. for sb.(为某人买某物)buy sth. from...(从…… 买某物)
buy out(买断,收购)
get(得到)
get sth.(得到某物) get + 形容词(变得……)
get to do sth.(有机会做某事)
I need to get some milk on the way home.(我回家路上得买点牛奶。)
gain(获得)
gain sth.(获得某物,尤指抽象事物)gain from(从…… 中获益)
gain in(在…… 方面增长 / 进步)
He gained a lot of experience from working abroad.(他从海外工作中获得了很多经验。)
win(赢得)
She won a prize in the painting competition.(她在绘画比赛中获奖了。)
earn(赚)
earn money/a salary(赚钱 / 挣薪水) earn a living(谋生)
earn respect/trust/praise(赢得尊重 / 信任 / 赞扬)
earn one’s keep(挣得自己应得的一份,自食其力)
Even as a student, he worked part-time to earn his keep. 即使是学生,他也做兼职自食其力。
achieve (得到)
He worked hard to achieve his dream.(他努力工作以实现自己的梦想。)
处置
give(给)
give sb. sth. 或 give sth. to sb.(双宾语结构,指 “给某人某物”)
She gave me a book for my birthday.(她送了我一本书作为生日礼物。)
send(送)
Send an email(发送一封电子邮件)。
share(分享)
share sth with sb(与某人分享某物)。
supply(供给)
supply sth to sb(向某人提供某物);
supply sb with sth(为某人提供某物)
provide(提供)
provide sth for sb(向某人提供某物);
provide sb with sth(为某人提供某物)
cost(花费)
The book costs 20 yuan.(这本书值 20 元。)
pay(付款)
Pay for the bill(支付账单)。
spend(花费)
spend + 时间 / 金钱 + on sth(在某物上花费……)
spend + 时间 / 金钱 + (in) doing sth(花费…… 做某事)
waste(浪费)
Don’t waste water when you brush your teeth.(刷牙时不要浪费水。)
afford(负担得起)
常与情态动词 can/could 连用,后接名词、代词或不定式。
We can't afford a new car now.(我们现在买不起新车。)
save(救,节约)
Save water(节约用水)。
suit(合适)
The job suits his abilities.(这份工作适合他的能力。)
状态与变化类(表示状态改变或持续)
状态变化
begin(开始)
He began/started working at 9 AM.(他早上 9 点开始工作。)
start(开始)
The movie begins/starts in 10 minutes.(电影 10 分钟后开始。)
stop(停止)
stop sth(停止某事);stop doing sth(停止正在做的事)。
不及物动词:stop to do sth(停下来去做另一件事)。
finish(完成)
They finished cleaning the room at 5 o’clock.(他们五点打扫完了房间。)
achieve(实现)
The team achieved great success in the project.(团队在项目中取得了巨大成功。)
succeed(成功)
Succeed in doing sth.(成功做某事)。
fail(失败)
He failed the driving test.(他驾照考试没过。)
She failed to keep her promise.(她没能遵守承诺。)
lose(丢失)
lose one’s way(迷路)、lose weight(减肥)、lose a game(输掉比赛)。
find(找到)
I finally found my lost ring.(我终于找到了丢失的戒指。)
She found him lying on the floor.(她发现他躺在地板上。)
appear(出现)
A stranger appeared at the door.(一个陌生人出现在门口。)
She appears (to be) happy.(她看起来很高兴。)
disappear(消失)
The sun disappeared behind the clouds.(太阳消失在云层后。)
Her fear disappeared after the talk.(谈话后她的恐惧消失了。)
过程相关
take(花费时间)
It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth(做某事花费某人多少时间)。
It takes me an hour to commute to work.(我通勤上班要花 1 小时。)
The meeting took three hours.(会议开了 3 小时。)
spend(度过)
spend time/money on sth(在某物上花费时间 / 金钱);
spend time/money (in) doing sth(花费时间 / 金钱做某事);
spend + 时间(度过时光)。
last(持续)
The rain will last for three days.(雨将持续三天。)
This coat has lasted me 10 years.(这件外套我穿了 10 年还没坏。)
remain(保持)
He remained silent during the discussion.(讨论中他保持沉默。)
能力与行为结果类(涉及能力、结果或影响)
能力与达成
manage(设法)
Manage a company(经营一家公司)
succeed(成功)
Succeed in doing sth.成功地
fail(失败)
Fail the exam(考试不及格)
achieve(完成)
They achieved the sales target.(他们完成了销售目标。)
solve(解决)
He is trying to solve this math problem.(他正在努力解这道数学题。)
prove(证明)
Prove the theory(证明这个理论)
影响与作用
cause(造成)
Cause trouble(造成麻烦)。
lead(引导)
Lead the team(领导团队)。
influence(影响)
Her parents influenced her decision to study medicine.(她的父母影响了她学医的决定。)
protect(保护)
Protect the environment(保护环境)。
pollute(污染)
Pollute the air(污染空气)
reduce(减少)
Eating less sugar can help reduce the risk of disease.(少吃糖有助于降低患病风险。)
improve(提高)
Improve your English(提高你的英语水平)。
enrich(使丰富)
Enrich your knowledge(丰富你的知识)。
社会与关系类(涉及社会行为、人际关系)
社交行为
meet(遇见)
Let’s meet at the café at 3 PM.(我们下午 3 点在咖啡馆碰面吧。)
gather(聚集)
Gather together(聚在一起)
marry(结婚)
Marry sb.(与某人结婚)。
introduce(介绍)
Please introduce yourself.(请介绍一下你自己。)
invite(邀请)
invite sb. to sth.(邀请某人参加某事);invite sb. to do sth.(邀请某人做某事)。
责任与义务
care(关心)
care about sth./sb.(关心某事 / 某人);
care for sth./sb.(关心、照料某人;喜欢某物);
否定式 “don’t care” 表示 “不在意”。
help(帮助)
help sb.(帮助某人); help sb. with sth.(在某事上帮助某人);
help sb. (to) do sth.(帮助某人做某事,to 可省略);
can’t help doing sth.(忍不住做某事,固定短语)。
support(支持)
支持人 / 观点:support sb./sth.(支持某人 / 某事);
提供资源:support sb. with sth.(用某物支持某人,如金钱、物资);
物理支撑:support + 物体(如 roof, weight)。
protect(保护)
protect sb./sth. from/against sth.(保护某人 / 某物免受…… 的伤害)。
宾语可以是具体的人 / 物(如 child, environment),也可以是抽象事物(如 rights, reputation)。
Provide(提供)
Provide food and shelter(提供食物和住所)
其他特殊类别
感官相关
see(看见)
see sb. do sth.(看见某人做某事的全过程):
I saw her cross the street.(我看见她过了马路。)
see sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事):
I saw her crossing the street when I passed by.(我路过时看见她正在过马路。)
hear(听见)
hear sb. do sth.(听见某人做某事的全过程):
I heard her sing the song.(我听见她唱了这首歌。)
hear sb. doing sth.(听见某人正在做某事):
I heard her singing when I passed her room.(我路过她房间时,听见她正在唱歌。)
taste(尝)
The soup tastes delicious.(这汤尝起来很美味。)
smell(闻)
smell like + 名词(闻起来像……):
This flower smells like honey.(这朵花闻起来像蜂蜜。)
smell + 形容词(闻起来……):
The soup smells good.(这汤闻起来很香。)
feel(感觉)
feel like + 名词 / 动名词(想要……):
Do you feel like a cup of tea?(你想喝杯茶吗?)
I feel like going for a walk.(我想去散步。)
Watch(看;观看)
We watch a movie every Friday night.(我们每周五晚上看一部电影。)
抽象行为
dream(做梦)
Dream a sweet dream(做个美梦)。
hope(希望)
(错误)I hope you to come.
(正确)I hope that you will come. / I hope for you to come.(较正式)
plan(计划)
Have you planned for your retirement?(你为退休做计划了吗?)
try(尝试)
try doing sth(尝试做某事,试验一种方法);
try to do sth(努力做某事,侧重尽力)。
risk(冒险)
You shouldn’t risk driving in this storm.(你不该冒险在这样的暴风雨中开车。)
struggle(努力)
He is studying chemistry at university.(他在大学学习化学。)
被动 / 使役类
allow(允许)
allow sb. to do sth.(允许某人做某事)allow doing sth.(允许做某事)。
My parents allow me to watch TV after homework.(我父母允许我做完作业后看电视。)
let(让)
let sb. do sth.(让某人做某事)
My parents let me watch TV for an hour every day.(我父母允许我每天看一小时电视。)
Let’s go to the park this weekend.(咱们这周末去公园吧。)(let’s 是 let us 的缩写,表提议)
否定形式:let sb. not do sth. 或 don’t let sb. do sth.
Let him not smoke here.(别让他在这儿抽烟。)
Don’t let the children play with fire.(别让孩子们玩火。)
make(使)
make sb. do sth.(迫使某人做某事)
Hunger made them steal food.(饥饿迫使他们偷食物。)
be made to do sth.(被迫做某事)
The children were made to clean their rooms.(孩子们被迫打扫房间。)
make + 宾语 + 形容词(表示 “使某人 / 某物处于某种状态”)
The good news made her happy.(这个好消息让她很高兴。)
have(使,让)
have sb. do sth.(让某人做某事)
The boss had his secretary type the report.(老板让秘书打报告。)
have sth. done
She had her hair cut yesterday.(她昨天剪了头发。→ 让别人剪的)
We need to have the car repaired.(我们得把车修一下。→ 让别人修)
have sb. / sth. doing sth.
The teacher had the students reading aloud.(老师让学生们一直大声朗读。)
get(使)
get sb. to do sth.(需带 to) get sth. done(口语化)
I need to get my car repaired this weekend.(这周末我得把车修了。→ 可能需要找修车厂,有 “安排” 的过程)
2.动词在句子中的用法
动词在句子中的用法通常与基础语法结构、场景应用紧密相关,以下从语法功能和场景用法两方面展开分析,并结合例句帮助理解:
场景
常见结构
实例
语法功能:高频动词的基础句型搭配
不及物动词(Vi.):不直接接宾语,需搭配介词或单独使用
动词 + 介词(to/for/with/at 等)+ 宾语
wait:Wait for the bus.(等待公交车。)
listen:Listen to the teacher.(听老师讲课。)
arrive:Arrive at the station.(到达车站。)
单独使用
The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
及物动词(Vt.):直接接宾语
接名词 / 代词
read:Read a book.(读书。)
buy:Buy me a pen.(给我买一支笔。)
接动名词(V-ing)
enjoy:Enjoy watching movies.(喜欢看电影。)
practise:Practise speaking English.(练习说英语。)
接不定式(to do)
want:Want to eat pizza.(想吃披萨。)
decide:Decide to study abroad.(决定出国留学。)
系动词(Link V.):连接主语和表语,表状态或性质
常见:be(am/is/are)、look、seem、feel、get、become 等
She looks happy today.(她今天看起来很开心。)
The weather gets cold.(天气变冷了。)
使役动词:表示 “使……”“让……”
make、let、have、help 等
结构:使役动词 + 宾语 + 动词原形(不带 to 的不定式)
The teacher makes us do homework.(老师让我们做作业。)
Let me help you.(让我帮你。)
场景用法:动词在不同情境中的典型搭配
学习与学校场景
study:Study math every day.(每天学习数学。)
teach:Teach students English.(教学生英语。)
review:Review lessons before exams.(考试前复习功课。)
translate:Translate the passage into Chinese.(把段落翻译成中文。)
日常生活场景
cook:Cook dinner for family.(为家人做晚饭。)
wash:Wash clothes on weekends.(周末洗衣服。)
shop:Go shopping for groceries.(去买杂货。)
travel:Travel to Beijing during holidays.(假期去北京旅游。)
工作与职业场景
work:Work in a factory.(在工厂工作。)
repair:Repair the broken machine.(修理坏了的机器。)
serve:Serve customers in a restaurant.(在餐厅为顾客服务。)
manage:Manage a small team.(管理一个小团队。)
情感与社交场景
love:Love playing basketball with friends.(喜欢和朋友打篮球。)
thank:Thank her for helping me.(感谢她帮助我。)
apologize:Apologize to him for being late.(因迟到向他道歉。)
share:Share ideas in the group discussion.(在小组讨论中分享想法。)
特殊用法与易错点
既可接 to do 又可接 V-ing 的动词
to do(表具体动作)V-ing(表习惯 / 爱好)
Remember to call me.(记得给我打电话。)Remember calling me yesterday.(记得昨天给我打电话了。)
Stop to have a rest.(停下来去休息。)
Stop talking.(停止说话。)
Try to finish the task.(努力完成任务。)
Try eating healthy food.(尝试吃健康食品。)
被动语态用法:及物动词可用于被动结构
结构:be + 动词过去分词(done)
The book is written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。
The room was cleaned yesterday.房间昨天被打扫了。
时态应用
注意动词的过去式、过去分词变化
规则变化:
work→worked→worked;play→played→played
不规则变化:
go→went→gone(例:He has gone to school.)
eat→ate→eaten(例:I ate breakfast at 7 a.m.)
高频动词短语
动词与介词 / 副词的固定搭配
动词 + 介词
look for:寻找(例:Look for my keys.)
listen to:听(例:Listen to music.)
agree with:同意(例:Agree with your idea.)
动词 + 副词
turn on:打开(例:Turn on the light.)
pick up:捡起;接(例:Pick up the book. / Pick up my friend.)
give up:放弃(例:Never give up studying.)
动词 + 副词 + 介词
catch up with:赶上(例:Catch up with the class.)
look forward to:期待(例:Look forward to your reply.)
对比
辨析
区分易混动词
如 “take”“bring”“carry”的搭配差异
例:Take an umbrella(带走)/ Bring me a book(带来)
【即时训练】
一、英译汉
1.She wants to borrow a book from the library.
2.Please remember to turn off the lights before leaving.
3.They spent two hours watching the movie.
4.The teacher advised us to read more English books.
5.He tried to solve the problem but failed.
二、汉译英
6.他每天花一小时练习弹钢琴。
7.请提醒我明天早上给妈妈打电话。
8.我们计划这个周末去公园野餐。
9.她希望能在年底前完成这项工作。
10.医生建议他少吃甜食,多做运动。
【知识点清单三】翻译高频形容词
1.单词举例
类别
单词及汉译
例句
情感与感受类
happy(快乐的)
She felt happy after receiving the good news.(她收到好消息后很开心。)
sad(悲伤的)
He was sad about missing the party.(他因错过聚会而难过。)
surprised惊讶的
I’m surprised by his sudden visit.(他的突然到访让我很惊讶。)
nervous(紧张的)
She gets nervous before exams.(她考试前会紧张。)
bored(无聊的)
The movie was so boring that I fell asleep.(电影太无聊了,我睡着了。)
amazed吃惊的
I'm amazed at his performance.(我对他的表现感到吃惊。)
amusing有趣的
This is an amusing story.(这是一个有趣的故事。)
annoyed气恼的
She was annoyed by his rudeness.(她被他的粗鲁惹恼了。)
disappointed失望的
He is disappointed with the result.(他对结果感到失望。)
exciting令人兴奋的
It's an exciting news.(这是个令人兴奋的消息。)
angry生气的
He was angry with himself for making a mistake.(他因犯错而生自己的气。)
pleased满意的)
The teacher is pleased with our progress.(老师对我们的进步很满意。)
confused困惑的
I’m confused about how to solve this problem.我对如何解决这个问题感到困惑
calm:平静的
Keep calm when you are in danger.(遇到危险时要保持冷静。)
angry生气的
She felt angry when she heard the bad news.(听到这个坏消息时,她很生气。)
anxious 焦虑的
His anxious look made us worried.(他焦虑的表情让我们很担心。)
awful糟糕的
The awful service made the customers very unsatisfied.(糟糕的服务让顾客们很不满意。)
afraid 害怕的
He is afraid to speak in front of many people.(他害怕在很多人面前说话。)
性质与特征类
big/large(大的)
The company has a large office building.(这家公司有一栋很大的办公楼。)
small(小的)
She lives in a small apartment.(她住在一间小公寓里。)
long(长的)
The river is 100 kilometers long.(这条河长 100 公里。)
short短的;矮的
His hair is short and neat.(他的头发短而整齐。)
round(圆的)
The earth is round.(地球是圆的。)
hard(硬的)
The stone is too hard to break.(这块石头硬得砸不碎。)
brave 勇敢的
She is brave enough to try new things.(她很勇敢,敢于尝试新事物。)
soft(软的)
The blanket feels soft and warm.(这条毯子摸起来柔软又温暖。)
heavy(重的)
The box is too heavy for me to carry.(这个箱子太重了,我搬不动。)
light(轻的;浅的)
She wears a light blue shirt.(她穿了一件浅蓝色的衬衫。)
cheap(便宜的)
The clothes in this store are cheap and nice.(这家店的衣服便宜又好看。)
expensive昂贵的
The car is too expensive for me to buy.(这辆车太贵了,我买不起。)
extra额外的
You can get extra pay for extra work.(你可以因额外的工作得到额外的报酬。)
plastic塑料的
There are many plastic products in daily life.(日常生活中有很多塑料制品。)
electronic电子的
I bought an electronic dictionary.(我买了一本电子词典。)
classical古典的
She likes classical music.(她喜欢古典音乐。)
complex复杂的
。例如:This problem is too complex to solve.(这个问题太复杂了,难以解决。)
creative创造性的
He is a very creative artist.(他是一位很有创造力的艺术家。)
wealthy富有的;富裕的
例如:She comes from a wealthy family.(她来自一个富裕的家庭。)
specific具体的;特定的
Please give me a specific example.(请给我一个具体的例子。)
available可以获取的
The book is available in the library.(这本书在图书馆可以借到。)
individual个体的;个人的
Everyone has their own individual needs.(每个人都有自己的个人需求。)
average普通的;平均的
He is of average height.(他身高一般。)
unique独一无二的;独特的
This painting is unique in the world.(这幅画在世界上是独一无二的。)
regular定期的;有规律的
We should do regular exercise to keep fit.(我们应该定期锻炼以保持健康。)
social社会的;社交的
He has a wide range of social activities.(他有广泛的社交活动。)
potential潜在的;可能的
There are a lot of potential customers in this market.(这个市场有很多潜在客户。)
态度与评价类
friendly友好的
The people here are very friendly.(这里的人非常友好。)
better 更好的(good 的比较级)
Your idea is better than mine.(你的主意比我的更好。)
best:adj. 最好的(good 的最高级)
This is the best book I’ve ever read.(这是我读过的最好的书。)
worse更坏的(bad 的比较级)
he weather today is worse than yesterday.(今天的天气比昨天更糟。)
worst最坏的(bad 的最高级)
This is the worst movie I’ve seen this year.(这是我今年看过的最烂的电影。)
interesting 有趣的
The story is very interesting.(这个故事很有趣。)
interested 感兴趣的
She is interested in painting.(她对画画感兴趣。)
boring无聊的
The lecture is so boring.(这个讲座太无聊了。)
active积极的
He is an active member of the club.(他是俱乐部里的积极分子。)
actual实际的
The actual cost is higher than we thought.(实际成本比我们想的要高。)
basic基本的
You need to learn some basic English first.(你需要先学一些基础英语。)
bright 明亮的;聪明的
表示 “明亮的”:The sun is bright today.(今天阳光很明亮。)
表示 “聪明的”:She is a bright student.(她是个聪明的学生。)
responsible负责的
He is a responsible teacher.(他是一位负责任的老师。)
serious严肃的;认真的
We should take this matter seriously.(我们应该认真对待这件事。)
objective客观的
We need to make an objective judgment.(我们需要做出客观的判断。)
subjective主观的
His opinion is too subjective.(他的观点太主观了。)
positive积极的;肯定的
We should keep a positive attitude towards life.(我们应该对生活保持积极的态度。)
negative消极的;否定的
Don't be too negative about everything.(不要对一切都太消极。)
doubtful怀疑的;疑惑的
I'm doubtful about his ability to finish the task.(我对他完成任务的能力表示怀疑。)
extraordinary特别的;非凡的
She has an extraordinary talent for music.(她有非凡的音乐天赋。)
unexpected意外的;想不到的
We had an unexpected visitor yesterday.(昨天我们有个不速之客。)
状态与程度类
awake醒着的
The baby is still awake.(宝宝还醒着。)
asleep睡着的
He fell asleep quickly.(他很快就睡着了。)
full满的;饱的
The bottle is full of water.(瓶子装满了水。)
empty空的
The room is empty.(房间是空的。)
alone单独的
He lives alone.(他独自生活。)
easy简单的
The exam was easier than I expected.(考试比我预期的简单。)
difficult/hard困难的
Learning a new language can be difficult.(学习一门新语言可能很困难。)
important(重要的)
It’s important to follow the safety rules.(遵守安全规则很重要。)
necessary(必要的)
Sleep is necessary for good health.(睡眠对健康是必要的。)
possible(可能的)
Is it possible to finish the work today?(今天有可能完成这项工作吗?)
impossible(不可能的)
It’s impossible to travel to the moon without a spaceship.(没有宇宙飞船就不可能去月球。)
ready准备好的
Are you ready for the job interview?(你准备好求职面试了吗?)
free空闲的免费的
I’m free this weekend.(这个周末我有空。)
likely 很可能的
It is likely to rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。)
difficult 困难的
It’s difficult to finish the work in one day.(一天内完成这项工作很难。)
hard困难的;硬的;努力的
表示 “困难的”:The exam was really hard.(这次考试真的很难。)
表示 “硬的”:The stone is very hard.(这块石头很硬。)
表示 “努力的”:She works hard every day.(她每天努力工作。)
时间与频率类
daily每日的
We have daily exercises.(我们有日常练习。)
weekly每周的
This is a weekly magazine.(这是一本周刊杂志。)
monthly每月的
They hold a monthly meeting.(他们每月开一次会。)
yearly每年的
The company makes a yearly plan.(公司制定年度计划。)
immediate立刻的
We need an immediate response.(我们需要立刻回应。)
early早的
She always arrives early for work.(她上班总是很早到。)
late(晚的)
He was late for the meeting because of traffic.(他因堵车开会迟到了。)
职业与场景类
professional专业的
He provides professional advice on translation.(他提供专业的翻译建议。)
skilled熟练的
A skilled worker can finish the task quickly.(熟练工人能快速完成任务。)
efficient高效的
This method is more efficient than the old one.(这种方法比旧方法更高效。)
practical实用的
The course teaches practical skills for daily work.(这门课教授日常工作中的实用技能。)
technical技术的
He has strong technical abilities in programming.(他在编程方面有很强的技术能力。)
busy忙碌的
The office is always busy during the sales season.(销售旺季时办公室总是很忙。)
quiet安静的
The library is a quiet place for study.(图书馆是学习的安静场所。)
safe安全的
It’s important to ensure safe operation in the factory.(确保工厂安全操作很重要。)
clean干净的
Workers must keep the workshop clean.(工人必须保持车间干净。)
学术与抽象类
clear清楚的
Please give a clear explanation of the problem.(请清楚地解释这个问题。)
correct正确的
Make sure your answer is correct.(确保你的答案是正确的。)
wrong错误的
His idea is wrong in this case.(在这种情况下,他的想法是错误的。)
simple简单的
The theory is simple but useful.(这个理论简单但有用。)
complex复杂的
The project involves complex technical processes.这个项目涉及复杂的技术流程。
common常见的
This mistake is common among beginners.(这种错误在初学者中很常见。)
same相同的
We are in the same class.(我们在同一个班级。)
popular流行的
Smartphones are popular among young people.(智能手机在年轻人中很流行。)
different不同的
Cultures around the world are different.(世界各地的文化是不同的。)
various各种各样的
There are various books in the bookstore.(书店里有各种各样的书。)
global全球的
Global warming is a serious problem.(全球变暖是个严重的问题。)
形容词固定搭配
be good at擅长
She is good at painting.(她擅长画画。)
be interested in对… 感兴趣
He is interested in science.(他对科学感兴趣。)
be responsible for对…… 负责
Managers are responsible for team performance.(经理对团队表现负责。)
be famous for因…… 闻名
The city is famous for its historical buildings.(这座城市因历史建筑而闻名。)
important decision重要决定
We need to make an important decision today.(我们今天需要做一个重要决定。)
practical solution实用解决方案
They found a practical solution to the problem.(他们找到了问题的实用解决方案)
technical support技术支持
The company provides 24-hour technical support.(这家公司提供 24 小时技术支持。)
2.形容词的翻译实用技巧
英语形容词的翻译需要结合语境、搭配习惯和表达效果,不局限于字面意思,兼顾英语原意和中文表达习惯,避免逐字硬译,让译文自然易懂。
场景
技巧
实例
直接对应直译
基础形容词可直接按字面意思翻译,保持词性和含义一致。
red → 红色的;happy → 开心的;tall → 高的。
She wore a bright dress to the party.她穿了一条鲜艳的裙子去参加派对。
“bright”直接译为“鲜艳的”,符合中文对颜色明亮的描述习惯。
转换词性适配中文
中文中形容词使用更灵活,有时需转换为动词、名词等,使表达更自然。
The book is interesting. → 这本书很有趣(形容词→形容词,直接对应);
He is a good singer. → 他唱歌很好(形容词→副词,通过“唱歌”转换词性)。
The story is very moving.这个故事非常感人。
“moving”(令人感动的)直译会略显生硬,转换为“感人”(形容词性短语),更符合中文表达(避免“这个故事是令人感动的”的冗余)。
增删词语调整表达
根据中文习惯,适当增加“的”或省略冗余词汇,让句子流畅。
a beautiful garden → 一个美丽的花园(加“的”);
She has long hair. → 她头发很长(省略“的”,调整句式)。
He is a careful driver.他开车很小心。
不直译“他是一个小心的司机”,而是省略“的”并调整句式,用“开车很小心”更自然(中文习惯通过动词短语体现形容词含义)。
结合语境意译
部分形容词在特定搭配中含义会变化,需结合上下文灵活翻译,而非直译。
a heavy rain → 一场大雨(“heavy”不译“重的”);
a light meal → 一顿便餐(“light”不译“轻的”)。
The teacher gave us a hard task.老师给我们布置了一项艰巨的任务。
“hard”此处不译“硬的”,结合“task”(任务)的语境,意译为“艰巨的”更准确。
She has a sharp tongue.她说话很刻薄。
“sharp tongue”是固定搭配,“sharp”不译“锋利的”,结合“舌头”的引申义,意译为“说话刻薄”。
处理形容词比较级/最高级
比较级常用“更……”“比……更……”,最高级用“最……”,有时也可通过“无比”“极其”等词强化语气。
This room is bigger than that one. → 这个房间比那个大;
It’s the best solution. → 这是最佳解决方案。
This method is more efficient than the old one.这个方法比旧方法更高效。
比较级“more efficient”用“更高效”直接体现,符合中文比较句式。
It was the worst decision he’d ever made.这是他做过的最糟糕的决定。
最高级“the worst”用“最糟糕的”明确体现程度,句式简洁。
复杂语境中的灵活处理
The movie has a dark sense of humor.这部电影的幽默带点黑色基调。
“dark”不译“黑暗的”,结合“sense of humor”(幽默感),意译为“黑色”(对应“黑色幽默”的固定表达),符合语境。
He has a light hand with makeup.他化起妆来手法很轻柔。
解析:“light hand”是固定搭配,“light”不译“轻的”,结合“化妆”场景,译为“手法轻柔”,体现“动作轻巧”的含义。
【即时训练】
一、英译汉
1.The little girl felt happy when she got the gift.
2.It’s important to keep calm in an emergency.
3.This is the best movie I’ve seen this year.
4.She was surprised to find a big box on her desk.
5.The teacher is pleased with our progress in English.
二、汉译英
6.这个房间又小又暗,让人感到无聊。
7.她对这个意外的消息感到非常吃惊。
8.每天锻炼对保持健康很重要。
9.这件柔软的毛衣比那件硬的更舒服。
10.他因为迟到而受到了老师的严肃批评。
【知识点清单四】翻译高频副词
1.单词举例
单词
举例
例句
时间与频率副词
表示具体时间
now(现在)
She is now studying for the exam.(她现在正在复习考试。)
then(那时)
He worked in a factory then.(那时他在工厂工作。)
today(今天)
We have a translation test today.(我们今天有翻译测试。)
yesterday(昨天)
She bought a new dictionary yesterday.(她昨天买了本新词典。)
tomorrow明天
The meeting will be held tomorrow.(会议明天召开。)
immediately立刻,马上
表示频率
always(总是)
He always arrives early at work.(他上班总是早到。)
usually(通常)
They usually have lunch at the company canteen.他们通常在公司食堂吃午饭。
often(经常)
Students often practice translation after class.(学生课后经常练习翻译。)
sometimes有时
Sometimes she takes the bus to school.(她有时乘公交上学。)
seldom(很少)
He seldom watches TV during weekdays.(他工作日很少看电视。)
never(从不)
I never forget to take notes in class.(我从不会忘记在课堂上记笔记。)
程度与范围副词
表示程度深浅
very(非常)
The task is very difficult for beginners.(这个任务对初学者来说非常难。)
quite(相当)
The movie was quite interesting.(这部电影相当有趣。)
rather(相当)
It’s rather cold today.(今天相当冷。)
too(太)
The book is too expensive to buy.(这本书太贵了,买不起。)
so(如此)
She speaks so fast that I can’t follow.(她讲话太快,我跟不上。)
extremely极其
The factory’s environment is extremely noisy.(工厂的环境极其嘈杂。)
表示范围限定
only(只,仅仅)
Only five students passed the test.(只有 5 名学生通过了考试。)
just正好,刚刚
He just finished the translation work.(他刚刚完成翻译工作。)
also(也)
She can speak English, and also French.(她会说英语,也会说法语。)
even(甚至)
Even experienced workers make mistakes sometimes.(甚至有经验的工人有时也会犯错。)
方式与状态副词
表示动作方式
quickly快速地
The worker repaired the machine quickly.(工人快速修好了机器。)
slowly(缓慢地)
Read the passage slowly and carefully.(缓慢仔细地阅读这段文字。)
carefully仔细地
Students should check answers carefully before handing in.(学生交卷前应仔细检查答案。)
hard(努力地)
He works hard to improve his translation skills.(他努力提升翻译技能。)
loudly(大声地)
Please speak loudly so that everyone can hear.请大声说,让所有人都能听见。
quietly安静地
The cat sat quietly by the fireplace.(猫安静地坐在壁炉旁。)
heavily大量地;沉重地
It was raining heavily when we left.(我们离开时,雨下得很大。)
表示状态特征
clearly(清楚地)
The instructions should be written clearly.(说明应写得清楚。)
correctly正确地
Can you translate the sentence correctly?(你能正确翻译这个句子吗?)
wrongly错误地
He answered the question wrongly.(他错误地回答了问题。)
easily(容易地)
This problem can be solved easily.(这个问题很容易解决。)
fortunately幸运地
Fortunately, the storm passed quickly.(幸运的是,暴风雨很快过去了。)
地点与方向副词
表示位置
here(这里)
Come here and have a look.(到这里来看一下。)
there(那里)
The bookstore is over there.(书店在那边。)
home(回家)
He went home early after work.(他下班后早早回家了。)
abroad(在国外)
She studies abroad to learn a new language.(她出国学习新语言。)
anywhere 任何地方
I can’t find my glasses anywhere.(我到处都找不到我的眼镜。)
表示方向
up(向上)
The elevator goes up to the 10th floor.(电梯上升到 10 楼。)
down(向下)
Please write your name down on the paper.(请把名字写在纸上。)
in(向内)
Come in and take a seat.(进来坐下。)
out(向外)
The workers went out of the factory.(工人们走出工厂。)
逻辑与连接副词
表示因果关系
therefore(因此)
He didn’t study hard, therefore he failed the exam.(他学习不努力,因此考试不及格。)
so(所以)
It was raining, so we canceled the trip.(下雨了,所以我们取消了行程。)
thus(因此)
The machine was broken, thus production was stopped.(机器坏了,因此生产停止了。)
表示转折关系
however(然而)
The task was difficult; however, we finished it on time.(任务很难,然而我们按时完成了。)
instead(反而)
He didn’t go to the party; instead, he stayed at home.(他没去聚会,反而待在家里。)
besides此外
I don’t want to go. Besides, it’s going to rain.(我不想去。此外,天还要下雨。)
表示顺序关系
first(首先)
First, read the passage carefully.(首先,仔细阅读这段文字。)
then(然后)
Then, translate the key sentences.(然后,翻译关键句子。)
finally(最后)
Finally, check your translation for mistakes.(最后,检查翻译是否有错误。)
其他
actually实际上
Actually, I’ve never been to that city.(其实,我从没去过那座城市。)
throughout 遍及
There are beautiful parks throughout the city.(城市各处都有漂亮的公园。)
高频副词固定搭配
副词+形容词 / 副词
very good(非常好)
The translation work is very good.(翻译工作非常好。)
too fast(太快)
The speaker talks too fast.(演讲者语速太快。)
quite easy(相当容易)
This exercise is quite easy.(这个练习相当容易。)
动词 + 副词
work hard(努力工作)
All workers should work hard.(所有工人都应努力工作。)
run fast(跑得快)
He runs fast in the sports meeting.(他在运动会上跑得很快。)
listen carefully(仔细听)
Listen carefully to the teacher’s instructions.(仔细听老师的指示。)
副词短语
at once(立刻)
Please come to the office at once.(请立刻来办公室。)
in fact(事实上)
In fact, he is good at translation.(事实上,他擅长翻译。)
of course(当然)
Of course, I can help you with the translation.(当然,我可以帮你做翻译。)
2.翻译中副词的位置
翻译中副词的位置需结合其类型和句子结构灵活调整,以下是常见规则及示例解析:
副词类型
位置特点
举例
时间副词
可置于句首、句中(实义动词前 / 助动词后)或句尾,强调时间时放句首。
1.Yesterday, she finished the project.(句首,强调时间)
2.She will tomorrow attend the meeting.(× 错误,时间副词通常不直接跟在 will 后)
正确例:She will attend the meeting tomorrow.(句尾)
例外:now, then 可置于句中(实义动词前):
She now realizes the mistake.
频率副词
通常位于实义动词前、be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词后。
1.He always arrives early.(实义动词前)
2.She is seldom late for class.(be 动词后)
3.They will never forget this experience.(助动词 will 后)
特殊情况:sometimes 可放句首 / 句尾
Sometimes, he studies alone. / He studies alone sometimes.
程度副词
修饰形容词 / 副词:置于被修饰词前(very good, extremely fast)。
The task is too difficult.
修饰动词:多位于实义动词前,但 much 修饰动词时多放句尾。
I quite agree.
Thank you very much.
修饰比较级:置于比较级前(much harder, even better)
He runs far faster than me.
方式副词
多数位于句尾(强调动作方式)
She speaks English fluently.
少数可置于句中(实义动词前)
He carefully checked the answers.
避免割裂动词与宾语
错误:She wrote quickly the report.(×)
正确:She wrote the report quickly.(√)
地点副词
多位于句尾,here/there 等短副词可置于句首(引起倒装)。
1.They live abroad.(句尾)
2.Here comes the teacher!(句首,倒装)
逻辑连接副词
多置于句首,后接逗号(however, therefore, besides)
However, he failed to pass the exam.
也可置于句中(前后用逗号隔开)
The plan, thus, needs to be revised.
其他高频副词
(如 actually, throughout)
actually:多位于句首或句中(实义动词前)。
Actually, she is good at translation. / She actually knows the truth.
throughout:多接名词或置于句尾
He worked hard throughout the day.
特殊注意事项
副词位置对句意的影响
Only she said that.(只有她这么说)
She only said that.(她只说了这点)
She said that only.(她仅说了这点)
避免副词堆砌
错误:She very much quickly finished it.(×)
正确:She finished it very quickly.(√)
【即时训练】
一、英译汉
1.He often walks to school in the morning.
2.She always helps her mother with housework.
3.They will probably come to the party tonight.
4.The child runs fast in the park every day.
5.You should read the question carefully before answering.
二、汉译英
6.我每天早上都很早起床。
7.他有时会忘记带钥匙。
8.这个问题相当容易解决。
9.她唱得和她姐姐一样好。
10.我们必须尽快完成这项工作。
【知识点清单五】翻译高频短语
1.短语举例
短语
含义
短语
含义
at least
至少
be satisfied with...
对…… 感到满意
in return
作为回报
the survey on..
关于…… 的调查
combine...with..
使…… 与…… 结合
in that circumstances
如果是那样的话
learn sth by heart
背诵;记住
differ in...
在…… 方面存在不同
comment on...
对…… 发表评论
turn out
发生;结果是
keep a record of
把…… 记录下来;保留…… 的记载
concentrate on...
集中精力于;全神贯注于
replace...with...
用… 取代…
comment on...
对… 发表评论
play...roles
扮演…… 的角色
burst into laughter
突然大笑
for the purpose of...
为了…
by means of..
用… 的方法
enable sb. to do...
使某人能够做某事
divide...into..
把… 划分成…
call for
要求,提倡
tend to do...
趋向于做…,喜欢做…
add up
合计
take...for example
以… 为例
in the long run
从长远来看,最后
add to
添加到
focus on
集中于,专注于
be curious about...
对… 感到好奇
take...for granted
认为… 理所当然
as a matter of fact
实际上
translate into
翻译成
be aware of/that
注意到
according to
根据
carry out
完成,实施
in depth
深入地
aim to do
指望做某事
after all:
毕竟,究竟
above all
首先,最重要的是
all at once
突然,同时
ahead of
在… 之前
all of a sudden
突然
ahead of time
提前
all over again
再一次,重新
all over
遍及
as regards
关于,至于
all the time
一直,始终
apart from
除… 外(还有)
anything but
根本不,决不
as a result (of)
因此,由于
as a rule
通常,照例
as far as
远至,到… 程度
as far as...be concerned
就… 而言
as follows
如下
as for
至于,关于
as usual
像平常一样,照例
as if
好像,仿佛
as well
同样,也,还
as to
至于,关于
at a loss
茫然,不知所措
as well as
除… 外(也),即… 又
at all
丝毫(不),一点也不
at a time
一次,每次
at all events
不管怎样,无论如何
at all costs
不惜一切代价
at any rate
无论如何,至少
2.部分高频短语用法解析
分类
短语
用法
例句
时间与顺序
as soon as
引导时间状语从句,表示 “一…… 就……”,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。
As soon as I arrive home, I will call you.(我一到家就给你打电话。)
at the moment
表示 “此刻”,常用于现在进行时。
She is busy preparing for the exam at the moment.(她此刻正忙着备考。)
in the long run
表示 “从长远来看”,强调长期影响。
Exercising regularly will benefit your health in the long run.(长期来看,定期锻炼有益于健康。)
因果关系
as a result
单独使用,后接逗号,引出结果。
He didn’t study hard; as a result, he failed the exam.(他没努力学习,结果考试不及格。)
due to
后接名词或动名词,解释原因。
The flight was delayed due to bad weather.(航班因天气恶劣延误。)
lead to
表示 “导致”,后接名词或动名词。
Lack of sleep can lead to poor concentration.(睡眠不足会导致注意力不集中。)
比较与对比
as...as...
用于同级比较,中间接形容词或副词原级。
This book is as interesting as that one.(这本书和那本书一样有趣。)
compared with/to
表示 “与…… 相比”,用于对比差异。
Compared with last year, our profits have increased by 20%.(与去年相比,我们的利润增长了 20%。)
on the other hand
引出相反观点,常与 “on the one hand” 连用。
On the one hand, he wants to travel; on the other hand, he has no money.(一方面他想旅行,另一方面他没钱。)
目的与结果
in order to
引导目的状语,可置于句首或句中。
In order to pass the exam, she studies late every night.(为了通过考试,她每晚学习到很晚。)
so that
引导结果状语从句,从句中常用情态动词。
He saved money so that he could buy a new laptop.(他存钱以便能买一台新笔记本电脑。)
enable sb. to do
表示 “使某人能够做”,强调能力提升。
The scholarship enables him to study abroad.(奖学金使他能够出国留学。)
建议与态度
had better (not) do
表示 “最好(不)做”,用于提建议。
You’d better wear a coat; it’s cold outside.(你最好穿件外套,外面很冷。)
be supposed to do
表示 “应该做”,强调责任或义务。
Students are supposed to arrive at school on time.(学生应该按时到校。)
固定搭配与易错点
take place vs. take the place
take place:表示 “发生”(无被动)。
例句:The sports meeting will take place next week.(运动会下周举行。)
take the place of:表示 “取代”。
例句:E-books may take the place of paper books in the future.(电子书未来可能取代纸质书。)
used to do vs. be used to doing
used to do:表示 “过去常常做”(现在不做了)。
例句:He used to play basketball every day.(他过去每天打篮球。)
be used to doing:表示 “习惯于做”。
例句:She is used to getting up early.(她习惯早起。)
such as vs. for example
such as:直接列举多个例子,无需逗号。
例句:I like fruits such as apples and bananas.(我喜欢苹果、香蕉等水果。)
for example:单独举例,后接逗号。
例句:You can improve your English, for example, by reading more.(你可以通过多读来提高英语。)
高频动词短语
Lookforward
to doing
表示 “期待做”,to 为介词,后接动名词。
We are looking forward to seeing you again.(我们期待再次见到你。)
concentrate on (doing) sth.
表示 “专注于”,后接名词或动名词。
Please concentrate on your homework and don’t play games.(请专注于作业,别玩游戏。)
deal with
表示 “处理” 或 “应对” 问题。
How do you deal with stress before exams?(你如何应对考试前的压力?)
介词短语
in addition to
表示 “除…… 之外(还)”,后接名词或动名词。
In addition to English, she also speaks French.(除了英语,她还会说法语。)
by means of
表示 “通过…… 方式”。
They communicated by means of sign language.(他们通过手语交流。)
at the expense of
表示 “以…… 为代价”。
He achieved success at the expense of his health.(他以健康为代价获得了成功。)
特殊结构
Not only...
but also...
连接并列成分,强调后者,遵循就近原则。
Not only the students but also the teacher likes this movie.(不仅学生,老师也喜欢这部电影。)
either...or...
表示 “要么…… 要么……”,遵循就近原则。
Either you or he has to clean the classroom.(要么你,要么他必须打扫教室。)
It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do
for 用于描述事物性质,of 用于描述人的品质。
It’s important for students to practice English daily.(对学生来说,每天练习英语很重要。)
It’s kind of you to help me.(你帮助我真是太好了。)
【即时训练】
一、汉译英
1.至少有 50 人参加了这场会议。
2.她对自己的考试成绩感到满意。
3.我帮了他,作为回报,他请我吃了顿饭。
4.我们应该把理论和实践结合起来。
5.他把老师说的每一句话都记在了心里。
二、英译汉
6.As a result, we had to change our plan.
7.She is used to getting up early every morning.
8.The survey on students' hobbies will be carried out next week.
9.In that case, we'd better leave as soon as possible.
10.He tends to keep a record of everything he does.
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编写说明:黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。
本专题是黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中词汇知识清单的第3个专题,内容为翻译高频词。
黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习
英语词汇知识清单
专题3 翻译高频词(讲+练)
【知识点清单一】翻译高频名词【考点解读】
近三年真题显示,每年的高考试卷分为三部分,第三大部分翻译题,英译汉和汉译英各五题。从词义辨析到语法辨析,更有很多固定和习惯用法,面面俱到。因此复习时也要细致具体,关注基础,也要关注细节,注意拔高部分。本专题旨在帮助学生梳理翻译高频词,同时掌握翻译技巧,在考试中取得更好的成绩。
1.单词表
类别
单词
含义
单词
含义
人物
相关
adult
成年人
author
作者
aunt
阿姨;姑妈
Uncle
叔叔,舅舅
engineer
工程师
Scientist
科学家
doctor
医生
nurse
护士
manager
经理
headmaster
校长
journalist
新闻工作者
lawyer
律师
Singer
歌手
Artist
艺术家
身体部位与健康
head
头,头部
Hair
头发,毛发
heart
心,心脏
brain
大脑
cheek
脸颊
tongue
舌头
forehead
额头
lung
肺
stomach
胃
chest
胸部
back
背部
waist
腰部
shoulder
肩膀
arm
手臂
finger
手指
knee
膝盖
vitality
活力
Strength
力量
hospital
医院
Fever
发烧
health
健康
Cough
咳嗽
Sore throat
喉咙痛
Cold
感冒
pain
疼痛
toothache
牙痛
headache
头痛
appearance
外貌;出现
地点
场所
airport
机场
library
图书馆
station
车站
park
公园
hotel
酒店
factory
工厂
farm
农场
workshop
车间
beauty salon
美容院
laundry
洗衣房,干洗店
时间
日期
afternoon
下午
Dawn
黎明
autumn
秋天
Moment
片刻
century
世纪
While
一段时间
decade
十年
Instant
瞬间
Weekend
周末
Weekday
工作日
学习
教育
accounting
会计
computer
计算机
Mathematics
数学
Physics
物理学
Geology
地质学
Sociology
社会学
Astronomy
天文学
Biology
生物学
Chemistry
化学
Psychology
心理学
clothing design
服装设计
preschool education
学前教育
Literature
文学
History
历史学
institute
学会;研究所,学院
instruction
教学,教导;命令,指示,用法说明
textbook
教科书
solution
解决办法
effort
努力
skill
技能
problem
问题
question
问题
answer
答案
information
信息
knowledge
知识
ability
能力
paragraph
段落
title
标题
生活与日常
apple
苹果
car
汽车
glass
玻璃;玻璃杯
paper
纸;报纸;文件;试卷
radio
无线电;收音机
Video
录像
habit
习惯,习性
holiday
假期,假日,节日
handkerchief
手帕
housework
家务劳动
absence
缺席
access
通道,入口;进入的机会
旅游
相关
tourist
游客
attraction
旅游景点
tour guide
导游
national park
国家公园
summer resort
避暑胜地
scenic spot
风景区
view
意见;风景;视野
自然
事物
air
空气
hill
小山;丘陵
river
河流
mountain
山
fire
火
water
水
valley
山谷
lake
湖泊
ocean
海洋
sea
海
island
岛屿
forest
森林
jungle
丛林
desert
沙漠
plain
平原
field
田野
waterfall
瀑布
cave
洞穴
sunshine
阳光
wind
风
thunder
雷
rainbow
彩虹
storm
暴风雨
fruit
果实
leaf
(复数 leaves)叶子
root
根
Tree
树
earth
土;大地
cloud
云
sunflower
向日葵
抽象概念
health
健康
life
生活
labor
劳动
friendship
友情
time
时间;倍,次数
challenge
挑战
reason
原因
result
结果
method
方法
way
方式;方法;道路
company
陪伴;公司
ambition
抱负;雄心
goal
目标;球门;得分数
material
材料;物质
performance
表演;表现
effect
影响
opportunity
机会
chance
机会;可能性
achievement
成就;完成
advantage
优点;优势
advertisement
广告
agreement
协议;同意
attention
注意;注意力
announcement
通知;宣告
accuracy
准确(性)
application
申请;应用
accident
事故
Incident
小事
工具与设备
hammer
锤,榔头
machine
机器,机械
hardware
(计算机的)硬件
computer
计算机
handle
柄,把手
情感与态度
hate
憎恶,憎恨,仇恨
honor
光荣,荣誉
pride
骄傲,自豪
Surprise
惊喜,惊讶
anger
愤怒
joy
欢乐,喜悦
stress
压力,紧张
Like
喜欢
Love
爱
Worry
担心
社会与政治
government
政府
society
社会
war
战争
peace
和平
law
法律
科技与技术
hi - tech
高新技术
invention
发明
technology
技术
network
网络
software
软件
Smartphone
智能手机
Smartwatch
智能手表
2.名词在句子中的翻译技巧
名词在句子中通常承担主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。在句子中的翻译需结合语境、语法和表达习惯,以下是具体技巧及实例解析:
场景
技巧
实例
根据词性和语法功能调整译法
作主语时的动态化处理
中文常用动词开头,可将英文名词主语转为动词短语。
The development of technology has changed our lives. → 技术的发展改变了我们的生活。
His success comes from hard work. → 他的成功源于努力。
作宾语时的搭配选择
根据动词搭配选择中文惯用表达,避免直译。
Take notes during the meeting. → 会议期间记笔记。
Solve problems efficiently. → 高效地解决问题。
作定语时的语序调整
英文名词作前置定语,中文常转为 “…… 的” 结构。
Computer science → 计算机科学
Factory workers → 工厂工人
抽象名词的具体化翻译
添加范畴词
在抽象名词后加 “情况 / 问题 / 过程 / 方法” 等词,使语义明确。
Difficulty → 困难情况(例:We face many difficulties. → 我们面临许多困难情况。)
Competition → 竞争过程(例:The competition is fierce. → 竞争过程很激烈。)
转为动词短语
将抽象名词译为动词结构,增强中文可读性。
Attention → 注意(例:Pay attention to details. → 注意细节。)
Development → 发展(例:The city's development is rapid. → 城市发展迅速。)
具体名词的语境化翻译
一词多义的辨析
根据上下文选择最贴切的词义,避免机械对应。
Paper (不可数)a piece of paper → 一张纸
(可数)academic papers → 学术论文
Charge (费用)service charge → 服务费
(责任)in charge of → 负责
专业术语的精准翻译
查阅行业词典,避免通用词误译。
CNC technology → 数控技术(非 “计算机数字控制技术”) Accounting → 会计(非 “算账”)
固定搭配与习语的处理
动词 + 名词短语
记忆中文惯用搭配,避免直译。
Make progress → 取得进步(非 “做进步”)
Take measures → 采取措施(非 “拿措施”)
介词 + 名词短语
译为中文固定表达。
In fact → 事实上
By chance → 偶然地
文化差异导致的翻译调整
增减范畴词
补充中文语境中省略的部分。
Family planning → 计划生育(增加 “生育”)
Environmental protection → 环境保护(增加 “保护”)
替换文化意象
用中文等效表达替换英文特有概念。
Black sheep → 害群之马(非 “黑羊”)
Break a leg → 祝好运(非 “打断腿”)
避免常见错误
单复数误译
Advice(不可数)→ 建议(误:一个建议)
Information(不可数)→ 信息(误:一条信息需加 “a piece of”)
混淆近义词
Job(具体工作)vs. Work(抽象工作)→ 一份工作(job)/ 工作时间(work)
冗余翻译
Return back → 返回(back 多余) Repeat again → 重复(again 多余)
3.常用短语或固定搭配
单词
短语
plan
make a plan(制定计划),carry out a plan(执行计划),change a plan(改变计划)
problem
solve a problem(解决问题),face a problem(面对问题),deal with a problem(处理问题)
time
on time(准时),in time(及时),at the same time(同时),from time to time(时不时地)
way
by the way(顺便说),in the way(妨碍),on the way to(在去…… 的路上),in a way(在某种程度上)
reason
for this reason(因为这个原因),the reason for(…… 的原因),reason for doing sth.(做某事的理由)
purpose
for the purpose of(为了…… 目的),on purpose(故意地)
result
as a result(结果),as a result of(由于),get a good result(取得好成绩)
job
get a job(找到一份工作),do a job(做一份工作),lose one's job(失业)
advice
give advice(给出建议),take one's advice(接受某人的建议),ask for advice(寻求建议)
information
get information(获取信息),provide information(提供信息),a piece of information(一条信息)
【即时训练】
一、英译汉
1.She works as a nurse in the hospital.
2.The sun rises at dawn.
3.He has a headache and needs to rest.
4.There is a beautiful lake in the park.
5.My aunt is a good singer.
二、汉译英
6.他的叔叔是一名医生。
7.我喜欢在下午读文学书。
8.这座山的顶部有一片森林。
9.她每天都做半小时家务。
10.感冒时多喝水对健康有好处。
参考答案
一、英译汉
1.她在医院当护士。
2.太阳在黎明时升起。
3.他头痛,需要休息。
4.公园里有一个美丽的湖。
5.我的阿姨是一名优秀的歌手。
二、汉译英
6.His uncle is a doctor.
7.I like reading literature books in the afternoon.
8.There is a forest on the top of the mountain.
9.She does housework for half an hour every day.
10.Drinking more water when you have a cold is good for health.
【知识点清单二】翻译高频动词
1.单词举例
分类
单词及含义
用法举例
动作行为类(表示具体的行为动作)
基础动作
catch(抓住)
Catch the ball(接住球)。
bring(带来)
Please bring your book to class tomorrow.明天请把你的书带到课堂上来。
take(拿;取)
Please take the book on the desk.(请拿走桌上的书。)
put(放)
Put down(放下)
pass(递给;传递)
Pass me the pen(把笔递给我)。
hang(悬挂)
Hang the picture on the wall(把画挂在墙上)
hold(举行)
Hold a meeting(举行会议)
place(搁置)
Place the book on the desk(把书放在桌子上)。
throw(扔)
He threw the ball to his teammate.(他把球扔给了队友。)
shake(摇晃)
shake sth(摇晃某物);shake with...(因…而抖动,如寒冷、恐惧)
stick(粘贴)
Stick the stamp on the envelope(把邮票贴在信封上)。
shut(关闭)
Shut the door(关上门)
Open(打开)
Open the door.(打开门)
stand(站立)
She stood at the door waiting for us.(她站在门口等我们。)
sit(坐)
Sit down ,please.请坐。
lie(躺)
Lie down(躺下)
set树立;设置
He set a good example for all of us.(他为我们所有人树立了好榜样。)
show显示;展示
show sth to sb(向某人展示某物);show sb around(带某人参观)。
teach教
teach sb sth(教某人某事);teach sb to do sth(教某人做某事)。
travel旅行
They traveled to France last summer.(他们去年夏天去法国旅行了。)
turn转变;转动
turn on(打开);turn off(关闭);turn up(调大音量);turn down(调小音量) Turn on the light, please.(请开灯。)
visit参观、拜访
Visit the museum(参观博物馆)。
weigh称重量
The baby weighs 8 kilograms now.(这个宝宝现在重 8 公斤。)
Weigh the apples(称苹果的重量)
avoid(避免)
后接名词、代词或动名词(doing),不接不定式。
You should avoid making the same mistake.(你应该避免犯同样的错误。)
attract(吸引)
The beautiful park attracts many visitors.(这个美丽的公园吸引了很多游客。)
balance(平衡)
It's important to balance work and rest.(平衡工作和休息很重要。)
break(打破、中断)
Break the glass(打破玻璃)。
book(预定)
Book a hotel room(预定酒店房间)。
choose(选择)
Choose your favorite book(选择你最喜欢的书)。
leave(离开、动身)
Leave for Beijing(动身去北京)。
lose(丢失、失去)
Lose my key(丢失我的钥匙)。
list(列出)
List the names(列出名字)
repeat(重复)
Could you repeat that question? I didn’t hear it clearly.(你能重复一下那个问题吗?我没听清。)
wake(醒、醒来)
Wake up early(早起)
wait(等待)
She will wait for you at the bus stop.(她会在公交站等你。)
wear(穿着)
She likes to wear red dresses in summer.(她夏天喜欢穿红色连衣裙。)
日常行为
have(吃、喝)
Have breakfast(吃早餐)
dress(穿衣)
Dress quickly(快点穿衣服)。
wash(洗)
Do some washing.(洗衣服)
shop(买东西)
Go shopping.(去购物)
cook(做饭)
Do some cooking(做饭)
fish(钓鱼)
Go fishing(去钓鱼)。
skate(滑冰)
Go skating(去滑冰)。
ride(骑;乘)
Ride a bike(骑自行车)。
walk(走)
Walk to school(走到)
light(点亮)
Light the candle(点燃蜡烛)。
paint(涂、刷)
Paint the wall(粉刷墙壁)。
repair(修理)
My father is repairing the broken TV.(我爸爸正在修坏了的电视。)
自然 / 环境相关
fall(落下)
Leaves fall in autumn.(秋天树叶落下。)
rise(升起)
The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
snow(下雪)
It snows in winter.(冬天下雪。)
blow(刮风)
It blows almost every day in this coastal city.(这座沿海城市几乎每天都刮风。)
rain(下雨)
Does it often rain in your hometown during summer?(你的家乡夏天经常下雨吗?)
操作类
operate(操作)
Operate the machine(操作机器)。
download(下载)
Download the software(下载软件)。
design(设计)
design a new dress 设计一件新连衣裙
invent(发明)
Invent a new machine(发明一台新机器)。
print(打印)
This shirt is printed with a beautiful pattern of flowers.(这件衬衫上印着漂亮的花卉图案。)
examine(检查)
Examine the car(检查汽车)。
return(返回)
She returned to her hometown last week.(她上周回到了家乡。)
心理 / 情感类(涉及心理活动、情感表达)
认知与思考
know(知道)
know sth(知道某事 / 某物) know sb(认识 / 了解某人)
know about sth/sb(了解关于某事 / 某人的情况)
know + 宾语从句(知道……)
know how/what/when to do sth(知道如何 / 什么 / 何时做某事)
think(思考)
I think (that) he is right.(我认为他是对的。)
realize(意识到)
She didn’t realize her mistake until he pointed it out.(直到他指出来,她才意识到自己的错误。)
understand(理解)
I understand why she is angry.(我明白她为什么生气。)
forget(忘记)
forget sth:忘记某物 / 某事
forget to do sth:忘记去做某事(事情未做)
forget doing sth:忘记做过某事(事情已做但忘记了)
remember(记住)
remember to do sth,意为 “记得要做某事”,事情未做)或动名词(remember doing sth,意为 “记得做过某事”,事情已做)。
mean(意味着)
What does this word mean?(这个单词是什么意思?)
suppose(猜想)
suppose (that)...(猜想……);
be supposed to do sth(应该做某事,相当于 should)
wonder(想知道)
I wonder what time the train will arrive.(我想知道火车几点到。)
expect(期盼)
Expect a good result(期待一个好结果)。
believe(相信)
believe in sb./sth.(信任某人 / 某物)。
I believe that he will come.(我相信他会来。)
Continue(继续)
She decided to continue her studies after graduation.(她决定毕业后继续学业。)
care(关心、在意)
Care about your health(关心你的健康)。
want(想要)
I want a cup of coffee.(我想要一杯咖啡。)
experience(体验、经历)
Experience different cultures(体验不同的文化)
learn(学习;得知)
She is learning English at a language school.(她在语言学校学英语。)
require(需要)
Ensure the safety(确保安全)。
ensure(确保)
This job requires patience.(这份工作需要耐心。)
情感表达
care(关心)
Do you care if we postpone the meeting until tomorrow?(我们把会议推迟到明天,你介意吗?)
like(喜欢)
Do you like drinking coffee with milk?(你喜欢喝加牛奶的咖啡吗?)
love(爱)
They have loved each other for over ten years.(他们相爱已经十多年了。)
hate(讨厌)
He hates getting up early on weekends.(他讨厌周末早起。)
prefer(更喜欢)
Prefer coffee to tea(比起茶更喜欢咖啡)。
surprise(使惊奇)
Her sudden arrival surprised us all.(她的突然到来让我们都很惊讶。)
satisfy(使满意)
satisfy sb(使某人满意);
satisfy one’s needs/demands(满足某人的需求 / 要求)
worry(担忧)
Don’t worry about the exam—you’ve prepared well.(别担心考试,你准备得很好。)
thank(感谢)
I thank you for your help.(感谢你的帮助。)
celebrate(庆祝)
Celebrate the festival(庆祝节日)。
greet(问候)
Greet your teachers politely.(礼貌地向老师打招呼。)
态度与反应
accept(接受)
She accepted the gift with a smile.(她微笑着接受了礼物。)
refuse(拒绝)
Refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事。
blame(责备)
blame sb. for sth.(因某事责备某人)
His mother blamed him for breaking the cup.(他妈妈因他打碎杯子而责备了他。)
forgive(原谅)
It’s not easy to forgive someone who has hurt you deeply.(原谅一个深深伤害过你的人并不容易。)
admire(羡慕)
I admire her courage to speak up in front of a large crowd.(我钦佩她在众人面前敢于发言的勇气。)
交流与沟通类(涉及信息传递、互动)
语言表达
say(说话)
He said “Hello” to everyone in the room.(他对房间里的每个人说了 “你好”。)
talk(谈话)
talk to/with sb(与某人交谈);talk about sth(谈论某事)。
They are talking with each other in the garden.他们在花园里互相交谈。
tell(告诉)
tell a story(讲故事);tell the truth(说实话);tell...from...(区分… 和…)。
speak(说)
Speak English (讲英语)
express(表达)
Express your feelings(表达你的感受)
explain(解释)
“explain sth. to sb.”(向某人解释某事)、“explain why/how...”(解释为什么 / 如何……)
acknowledge(承认;感谢)
She acknowledged her mistake finally.(她最终承认了自己的错误。)
report(报道)
The newspaper reported the accident in detail.报纸详细报道了这起事故。
互动行为
call(打电话)
Call me later.(稍后给我打电话。)
introduce(介绍)
introduce A to B(把 A 介绍给 B)、
introduce sth.(介绍 / 引进某物)
advise(建议)
Advise you to study hard(建议你努力学习)。
suggest(建议)
Suggest doing exercise(建议做运动)。
offer(提供)
Offer help(提供帮助)
remind(提醒)
This song reminds me of my childhood.(这首歌让我想起了童年。)
warn(警告)
The teacher warned us not to run in the hallway.(老师警告我们不要在走廊里跑。)
ask(问)
ask sb. sth.(问某人某事)ask for sth.(请求某物 / 某事)
answer(回答)
answer a question(回答问题)answer the phone(接电话)
reply(回答、答复)
Reply to the letter(回信)。
warn(警告)
warn sb. about sth.(警告某人关于某事)
warn sb. not to do sth.(警告某人不要做某事)
获取与处置类(涉及物品、资源的获取或处理)
获取
borrow(借)
borrow sth. from sb.(向某人借某物)。
Can I borrow a pen from you?(我能向你借一支钢笔吗?)
buy(买)
buy sth. for sb.(为某人买某物)buy sth. from...(从…… 买某物)
buy out(买断,收购)
get(得到)
get sth.(得到某物) get + 形容词(变得……)
get to do sth.(有机会做某事)
I need to get some milk on the way home.(我回家路上得买点牛奶。)
gain(获得)
gain sth.(获得某物,尤指抽象事物)gain from(从…… 中获益)
gain in(在…… 方面增长 / 进步)
He gained a lot of experience from working abroad.(他从海外工作中获得了很多经验。)
win(赢得)
She won a prize in the painting competition.(她在绘画比赛中获奖了。)
earn(赚)
earn money/a salary(赚钱 / 挣薪水) earn a living(谋生)
earn respect/trust/praise(赢得尊重 / 信任 / 赞扬)
earn one’s keep(挣得自己应得的一份,自食其力)
Even as a student, he worked part-time to earn his keep. 即使是学生,他也做兼职自食其力。
achieve (得到)
He worked hard to achieve his dream.他努力工作以实现自己的梦想。
处置
give(给)
give sb. sth. 或 give sth. to sb.(双宾语结构,指 “给某人某物”)
She gave me a book for my birthday.(她送了我一本书作为生日礼物。)
send(送)
Send an email(发送一封电子邮件)。
share(分享)
share sth with sb(与某人分享某物)。
supply(供给)
supply sth to sb(向某人提供某物);
supply sb with sth(为某人提供某物)
provide(提供)
provide sth for sb(向某人提供某物);
provide sb with sth(为某人提供某物)
cost(花费)
The book costs 20 yuan.(这本书值 20 元。)
pay(付款)
Pay for the bill(支付账单)。
spend(花费)
spend + 时间 / 金钱 + on sth(在某物上花费……)
spend + 时间 / 金钱 + (in) doing sth(花费…… 做某事)
waste(浪费)
Don’t waste water when you brush your teeth.(刷牙时不要浪费水。)
afford(负担得起)
常与情态动词 can/could 连用,后接名词、代词或不定式。
We can't afford a new car now.(我们现在买不起新车。)
save(救、节约)
Save water(节约用水)。
suit(合适)
The job suits his abilities.(这份工作适合他的能力。)
状态与变化类(表示状态改变或持续)
状态变化
begin(开始)
He began/started working at 9 AM.(他早上 9 点开始工作。)
start(开始)
The movie begins/starts in 10 minutes.(电影 10 分钟后开始。)
stop(停止)
stop sth(停止某事);stop doing sth(停止正在做的事)。
不及物动词:stop to do sth(停下来去做另一件事)。
finish(完成)
They finished cleaning the room at 5 o’clock.他们五点打扫完了房间。
achieve(实现)
The team achieved great success in the project.(团队在项目中取得了巨大成功。)
succeed(成功)
Succeed in doing sth.(成功做某事)。
fail(失败)
He failed the driving test.(他驾照考试没过。)
She failed to keep her promise.(她没能遵守承诺。)
lose(丢失)
lose one’s way(迷路)、lose weight(减肥)、lose a game输掉比赛
find(找到)
I finally found my lost ring.(我终于找到了丢失的戒指。)
She found him lying on the floor.(她发现他躺在地板上。)
appear(出现)
A stranger appeared at the door.(一个陌生人出现在门口。)
She appears (to be) happy.(她看起来很高兴。)
disappear(消失)
The sun disappeared behind the clouds.(太阳消失在云层后。)
Her fear disappeared after the talk.(谈话后她的恐惧消失了。)
过程相关
take(花费时间)
It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth(做某事花费某人多少时间)。
It takes me an hour to commute to work.(我通勤上班要花 1 小时。)
The meeting took three hours.(会议开了 3 小时。)
spend(度过)
spend time/money on sth(在某物上花费时间 / 金钱);
spend time/money (in) doing sth(花费时间 / 金钱做某事);
spend + 时间(度过时光)。
last(持续)
The rain will last for three days.(雨将持续三天。)
This coat has lasted me 10 years.(这件外套我穿了 10 年还没坏。)
remain(保持)
He remained silent during the discussion.(讨论中他保持沉默。)
能力与行为结果类(涉及能力、结果或影响)
能力与达成
manage(设法)
Manage a company(经营一家公司)
succeed(成功)
Succeed in doing sth.成功地
fail(失败)
Fail the exam(考试不及格)
achieve(完成)
They achieved the sales target.(他们完成了销售目标。)
solve(解决)
He is trying to solve this math problem.(他正在努力解这道数学题。)
prove(证明)
Prove the theory(证明这个理论)
影响与作用
cause(造成)
Cause trouble(造成麻烦)。
lead(引导)
Lead the team(领导团队)。
influence(影响)
Her parents influenced her decision to study medicine.(她的父母影响了她学医的决定。)
protect(保护)
Protect the environment(保护环境)。
pollute(污染)
Pollute the air(污染空气)
reduce(减少)
Eating less sugar can help reduce the risk of disease.(少吃糖有助于降低患病风险。)
improve(提高)
Improve your English(提高你的英语水平)。
enrich(使丰富)
Enrich your knowledge(丰富你的知识)。
社会与关系类(涉及社会行为、人际关系)
社交行为
meet(遇见)
Let’s meet at the café at 3 PM.(我们下午 3 点在咖啡馆碰面吧。)
gather(聚集)
Gather together(聚在一起)
marry(结婚)
Marry sb.(与某人结婚)。
introduce(介绍)
Please introduce yourself.(请介绍一下你自己。)
invite(邀请)
invite sb. to sth.(邀请某人参加某事);invite sb. to do sth.(邀请某人做某事)。
责任与义务
care(关心)
care about sth./sb.(关心某事 / 某人);
care for sth./sb.(关心、照料某人;喜欢某物);
否定式 “don’t care” 表示 “不在意”。
help(帮助)
help sb.(帮助某人); help sb. with sth.(在某事上帮助某人);
help sb. (to) do sth.(帮助某人做某事,to 可省略);
can’t help doing sth.(忍不住做某事,固定短语)。
support(支持)
支持人 / 观点:support sb./sth.(支持某人 / 某事);
提供资源:support sb. with sth.(用某物支持某人,如金钱、物资);
物理支撑:support + 物体(如 roof, weight)。
protect(保护)
protect sb./sth. from/against sth.(保护某人 / 某物免受…… 的伤害)。
宾语可以是具体的人 / 物(如 child, environment),也可以是抽象事物(如 rights, reputation)。
Provide(提供)
Provide food and shelter(提供食物和住所)
其他特殊类别
感官相关
see(看见)
see sb. do sth.(看见某人做某事的全过程):
I saw her cross the street.(我看见她过了马路。)
see sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事):
I saw her crossing the street when I passed by.(我路过时看见她正在过马路。)
hear(听见)
hear sb. do sth.(听见某人做某事的全过程):
I heard her sing the song.(我听见她唱了这首歌。)
hear sb. doing sth.(听见某人正在做某事):
I heard her singing when I passed her room.(我路过她房间时,听见她正在唱歌。)
taste(尝)
The soup tastes delicious.(这汤尝起来很美味。)
smell(闻)
smell like + 名词(闻起来像……):
This flower smells like honey.(这朵花闻起来像蜂蜜。)
smell + 形容词(闻起来……):
The soup smells good.(这汤闻起来很香。)
feel(感觉)
feel like + 名词 / 动名词(想要……):
Do you feel like a cup of tea?(你想喝杯茶吗?)
I feel like going for a walk.(我想去散步。)
Watch(看;观看)
We watch a movie every Friday night.(我们每周五晚上看一部电影。)
抽象行为
dream(做梦)
Dream a sweet dream(做个美梦)。
hope(希望)
(错误)I hope you to come.
(正确)I hope that you will come. / I hope for you to come.(较正式)
plan(计划)
Have you planned for your retirement?(你为退休做计划了吗?)
try(尝试)
try doing sth(尝试做某事,试验一种方法);
try to do sth(努力做某事,侧重尽力)。
risk(冒险)
You shouldn’t risk driving in this storm.(你不该冒险在这样的暴风雨中开车。)
struggle(努力)
He is studying chemistry at university.(他在大学学习化学。)
被动 / 使役类
allow(允许)
allow sb. to do sth.(允许某人做某事)allow doing sth.(允许做某事)。
My parents allow me to watch TV after homework.(我父母允许我做完作业后看电视。)
let(让)
let sb. do sth.(让某人做某事)
My parents let me watch TV for an hour every day.(我父母允许我每天看一小时电视。)
Let’s go to the park this weekend.(咱们这周末去公园吧。)(let’s 是 let us 的缩写,表提议)
否定形式:let sb. not do sth. 或 don’t let sb. do sth.
Let him not smoke here.(别让他在这儿抽烟。)
Don’t let the children play with fire.(别让孩子们玩火。)
make(使)
make sb. do sth.(迫使某人做某事)
Hunger made them steal food.(饥饿迫使他们偷食物。)
be made to do sth.(被迫做某事)
The children were made to clean their rooms.(孩子们被迫打扫房间。)
make + 宾语 + 形容词(表示 “使某人 / 某物处于某种状态”)
The good news made her happy.(这个好消息让她很高兴。)
have(使,让)
have sb. do sth.(让某人做某事)
The boss had his secretary type the report.(老板让秘书打报告。)
have sth. done
She had her hair cut yesterday.(她昨天剪了头发。→ 让别人剪的)
We need to have the car repaired.(我们得把车修一下。→ 让别人修)
have sb. / sth. doing sth.
The teacher had the students reading aloud.(老师让学生们一直大声朗读。)
get(使)
get sb. to do sth.(需带 to) get sth. done(口语化)
I need to get my car repaired this weekend.(这周末我得把车修了。→ 可能需要找修车厂,有 “安排” 的过程)
2.动词在句子中的用法
动词在句子中的用法通常与基础语法结构、场景应用紧密相关,以下从语法功能和场景用法两方面展开分析,并结合例句帮助理解:
场景
常见结构
实例
语法功能:高频动词的基础句型搭配
不及物动词(Vi.):不直接接宾语,需搭配介词或单独使用
动词 + 介词(to/for/with/at 等)+ 宾语
wait:Wait for the bus.(等待公交车。)
listen:Listen to the teacher.(听老师讲课。)
arrive:Arrive at the station.(到达车站。)
单独使用
The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
及物动词(Vt.):直接接宾语
接名词 / 代词
read:Read a book.(读书。)
buy:Buy me a pen.(给我买一支笔。)
接动名词(V-ing)
enjoy:Enjoy watching movies.(喜欢看电影。)
practise:Practise speaking English.(练习说英语。)
接不定式(to do)
want:Want to eat pizza.(想吃披萨。)
decide:Decide to study abroad.(决定出国留学。)
系动词(Link V.):连接主语和表语,表状态或性质
常见:be(am/is/are)、look、seem、feel、get、become 等
She looks happy today.(她今天看起来很开心。)
The weather gets cold.(天气变冷了。)
使役动词:表示 “使……”“让……”
make、let、have、help 等
结构:使役动词 + 宾语 + 动词原形(不带 to 的不定式)
The teacher makes us do homework.(老师让我们做作业。)
Let me help you.(让我帮你。)
场景用法:动词在不同情境中的典型搭配
学习与学校场景
study:Study math every day.(每天学习数学。)
teach:Teach students English.(教学生英语。)
review:Review lessons before exams.(考试前复习功课。)
translate:Translate the passage into Chinese.(把段落翻译成中文。)
日常生活场景
cook:Cook dinner for family.(为家人做晚饭。)
wash:Wash clothes on weekends.(周末洗衣服。)
shop:Go shopping for groceries.(去买杂货。)
travel:Travel to Beijing during holidays.(假期去北京旅游。)
工作与职业场景
work:Work in a factory.(在工厂工作。)
repair:Repair the broken machine.(修理坏了的机器。)
serve:Serve customers in a restaurant.(在餐厅为顾客服务。)
manage:Manage a small team.(管理一个小团队。)
情感与社交场景
love:Love playing basketball with friends.(喜欢和朋友打篮球。)
thank:Thank her for helping me.(感谢她帮助我。)
apologize:Apologize to him for being late.(因迟到向他道歉。)
share:Share ideas in the group discussion.(在小组讨论中分享想法。)
特殊用法与易错点
既可接 to do 又可接 V-ing 的动词
to do(表具体动作)V-ing(表习惯 / 爱好)
Remember to call me.(记得给我打电话。)Remember calling me yesterday.(记得昨天给我打电话了。)
Stop to have a rest.(停下来去休息。)
Stop talking.(停止说话。)
Try to finish the task.(努力完成任务。)
Try eating healthy food.(尝试吃健康食品。)
被动语态用法:及物动词可用于被动结构
结构:be + 动词过去分词(done)
The book is written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。
The room was cleaned yesterday.(房间昨天被打扫了。)
时态应用
注意动词的过去式、过去分词变化
规则变化:
work→worked→worked;play→played→played
不规则变化:
go→went→gone(例:He has gone to school.)
eat→ate→eaten(例:I ate breakfast at 7 a.m.)
高频动词短语
动词与介词 / 副词的固定搭配
动词 + 介词
look for:寻找(例:Look for my keys.)
listen to:听(例:Listen to music.)
agree with:同意(例:Agree with your idea.)
动词 + 副词
turn on:打开(例:Turn on the light.)
pick up:捡起;接(例:Pick up the book. / Pick up my friend.)
give up:放弃(例:Never give up studying.)
动词 + 副词 + 介词
catch up with:赶上(例:Catch up with the class.)
look forward to:期待(例:Look forward to your reply.)
对比辨析
区分易混动词
如 “take”“bring”“carry”的搭配差异
例:Take an umbrella(带走)/ Bring me a book(带来)
【即时训练】
一、英译汉
1.She wants to borrow a book from the library.
2.Please remember to turn off the lights before leaving.
3. They spent two hours watching the movie.
4.The teacher advised us to read more English books.
5.He tried to solve the problem but failed.
二、汉译英
6.他每天花一小时练习弹钢琴。
7.请提醒我明天早上给妈妈打电话。
8.我们计划这个周末去公园野餐。
9.她希望能在年底前完成这项工作。
10.医生建议他少吃甜食,多做运动。
参考答案
一、英译汉
1.她想从图书馆借一本书。
2.离开前请记得关灯。
3.他们花了两小时看这部电影。
4.老师建议我们多读英语书。
5.他努力解决这个问题,但失败了。
二、汉译英
6.He spends an hour practicing the piano every day.
7.Please remind me to call my mother tomorrow morning.
8.We plan to have a picnic in the park this weekend.
9.She hopes to finish the work by the end of the year.
10.The doctor advised him to eat less sweet food and do more exercise.
【知识点清单三】翻译高频形容词
1.单词举例
类别
单词及汉译
例句
情感与感受类
happy(快乐的)
She felt happy after receiving the good news.(她收到好消息后很开心。)
sad(悲伤的)
He was sad about missing the party.(他因错过聚会而难过。)
surprised惊讶的
I’m surprised by his sudden visit.(他的突然到访让我很惊讶。)
nervous(紧张的)
She gets nervous before exams.(她考试前会紧张。)
bored(无聊的)
The movie was so boring that I fell asleep.(电影太无聊了,我睡着了。)
amazed吃惊的
I'm amazed at his performance.(我对他的表现感到吃惊。)
amusing有趣的
This is an amusing story.(这是一个有趣的故事。)
annoyed气恼的
She was annoyed by his rudeness.(她被他的粗鲁惹恼了。)
disappointed失望的
He is disappointed with the result.(他对结果感到失望。)
exciting令人兴奋的
It's an exciting news.(这是个令人兴奋的消息。)
angry生气的
He was angry with himself for making a mistake.(他因犯错而生自己的气。)
pleased满意的)
The teacher is pleased with our progress.(老师对我们的进步很满意。)
confused困惑的
I’m confused about how to solve this problem.我对如何解决这个问题感到困惑
calm:平静的
Keep calm when you are in danger.(遇到危险时要保持冷静。)
angry生气的
She felt angry when she heard the bad news.(听到这个坏消息时,她很生气。)
anxious 焦虑的
His anxious look made us worried.(他焦虑的表情让我们很担心。)
awful糟糕的
The awful service made the customers very unsatisfied.(糟糕的服务让顾客们很不满意。)
afraid 害怕的
He is afraid to speak in front of many people.(他害怕在很多人面前说话。)
性质与特征类
big/large(大的)
The company has a large office building.(这家公司有一栋很大的办公楼。)
small(小的)
She lives in a small apartment.(她住在一间小公寓里。)
long(长的)
The river is 100 kilometers long.(这条河长 100 公里。)
short短的;矮的
His hair is short and neat.(他的头发短而整齐。)
round(圆的)
The earth is round.(地球是圆的。)
hard(硬的)
The stone is too hard to break.(这块石头硬得砸不碎。)
brave 勇敢的
She is brave enough to try new things.(她很勇敢,敢于尝试新事物。)
soft(软的)
The blanket feels soft and warm.(这条毯子摸起来柔软又温暖。)
heavy(重的)
The box is too heavy for me to carry.(这个箱子太重了,我搬不动。)
light(轻的;浅的)
She wears a light blue shirt.(她穿了一件浅蓝色的衬衫。)
cheap(便宜的)
The clothes in this store are cheap and nice.(这家店的衣服便宜又好看。)
expensive昂贵的
The car is too expensive for me to buy.(这辆车太贵了,我买不起。)
extra额外的
You can get extra pay for extra work.(你可以因额外的工作得到额外的报酬。)
plastic塑料的
There are many plastic products in daily life.(日常生活中有很多塑料制品。)
electronic电子的
I bought an electronic dictionary.(我买了一本电子词典。)
classical古典的
She likes classical music.(她喜欢古典音乐。)
complex复杂的
。例如:This problem is too complex to solve.(这个问题太复杂了,难以解决。)
creative创造性的
He is a very creative artist.(他是一位很有创造力的艺术家。)
wealthy富有的;富裕的
例如:She comes from a wealthy family.(她来自一个富裕的家庭。)
specific具体的;特定的
Please give me a specific example.(请给我一个具体的例子。)
available可以获取的
The book is available in the library.(这本书在图书馆可以借到。)
individual个体的;个人的
Everyone has their own individual needs.(每个人都有自己的个人需求。)
average普通的;平均的
He is of average height.(他身高一般。)
unique独一无二的;独特的
This painting is unique in the world.(这幅画在世界上是独一无二的。)
regular定期的;有规律的
We should do regular exercise to keep fit.(我们应该定期锻炼以保持健康。)
social社会的;社交的
He has a wide range of social activities.(他有广泛的社交活动。)
potential潜在的;可能的
There are a lot of potential customers in this market.(这个市场有很多潜在客户。)
态度与评价类
friendly友好的
The people here are very friendly.(这里的人非常友好。)
better 更好的(good 的比较级)
Your idea is better than mine.(你的主意比我的更好。)
best:adj. 最好的(good 的最高级)
This is the best book I’ve ever read.(这是我读过的最好的书。)
worse更坏的(bad 的比较级)
he weather today is worse than yesterday.(今天的天气比昨天更糟。)
worst最坏的(bad 的最高级)
This is the worst movie I’ve seen this year.(这是我今年看过的最烂的电影。)
interesting 有趣的
The story is very interesting.(这个故事很有趣。)
interested 感兴趣的
She is interested in painting.(她对画画感兴趣。)
boring无聊的
The lecture is so boring.(这个讲座太无聊了。)
active积极的
He is an active member of the club.(他是俱乐部里的积极分子。)
actual实际的
The actual cost is higher than we thought.(实际成本比我们想的要高。)
basic基本的
You need to learn some basic English first.(你需要先学一些基础英语。)
bright 明亮的;聪明的
表示 “明亮的”:The sun is bright today.(今天阳光很明亮。)
表示 “聪明的”:She is a bright student.(她是个聪明的学生。)
responsible负责的
He is a responsible teacher.(他是一位负责任的老师。)
serious严肃的;认真的
We should take this matter seriously.(我们应该认真对待这件事。)
objective客观的
We need to make an objective judgment.(我们需要做出客观的判断。)
subjective主观的
His opinion is too subjective.(他的观点太主观了。)
positive积极的;肯定的
We should keep a positive attitude towards life.(我们应该对生活保持积极的态度。)
negative消极的;否定的
Don't be too negative about everything.(不要对一切都太消极。)
doubtful怀疑的;疑惑的
I'm doubtful about his ability to finish the task.(我对他完成任务的能力表示怀疑。)
extraordinary特别的;非凡的
She has an extraordinary talent for music.(她有非凡的音乐天赋。)
unexpected意外的;想不到的
We had an unexpected visitor yesterday.(昨天我们有个不速之客。)
状态与程度类
awake醒着的
The baby is still awake.(宝宝还醒着。)
asleep睡着的
He fell asleep quickly.(他很快就睡着了。)
full满的;饱的
The bottle is full of water.(瓶子装满了水。)
empty空的
The room is empty.(房间是空的。)
alone单独的
He lives alone.(他独自生活。)
easy简单的
The exam was easier than I expected.(考试比我预期的简单。)
difficult/hard困难的
Learning a new language can be difficult.(学习一门新语言可能很困难。)
important(重要的)
It’s important to follow the safety rules.(遵守安全规则很重要。)
necessary(必要的)
Sleep is necessary for good health.(睡眠对健康是必要的。)
possible(可能的)
Is it possible to finish the work today?(今天有可能完成这项工作吗?)
impossible(不可能的)
It’s impossible to travel to the moon without a spaceship.(没有宇宙飞船就不可能去月球。)
ready准备好的
Are you ready for the job interview?(你准备好求职面试了吗?)
free空闲的免费的
I’m free this weekend.(这个周末我有空。)
likely 很可能的
It is likely to rain tomorrow.(明天可能会下雨。)
difficult 困难的
It’s difficult to finish the work in one day.(一天内完成这项工作很难。)
hard困难的;硬的;努力的
表示 “困难的”:The exam was really hard.(这次考试真的很难。)
表示 “硬的”:The stone is very hard.(这块石头很硬。)
表示 “努力的”:She works hard every day.(她每天努力工作。)
时间与频率类
daily每日的
We have daily exercises.(我们有日常练习。)
weekly每周的
This is a weekly magazine.(这是一本周刊杂志。)
monthly每月的
They hold a monthly meeting.(他们每月开一次会。)
yearly每年的
The company makes a yearly plan.(公司制定年度计划。)
immediate立刻的
We need an immediate response.(我们需要立刻回应。)
early早的
She always arrives early for work.(她上班总是很早到。)
late(晚的)
He was late for the meeting because of traffic.(他因堵车开会迟到了。)
职业与场景类
professional专业的
He provides professional advice on translation.(他提供专业的翻译建议。)
skilled熟练的
A skilled worker can finish the task quickly.(熟练工人能快速完成任务。)
efficient高效的
This method is more efficient than the old one.(这种方法比旧方法更高效。)
practical实用的
The course teaches practical skills for daily work.(这门课教授日常工作中的实用技能。)
technical技术的
He has strong technical abilities in programming.(他在编程方面有很强的技术能力。)
busy忙碌的
The office is always busy during the sales season.(销售旺季时办公室总是很忙。)
quiet安静的
The library is a quiet place for study.(图书馆是学习的安静场所。)
safe安全的
It’s important to ensure safe operation in the factory.(确保工厂安全操作很重要。)
clean干净的
Workers must keep the workshop clean.(工人必须保持车间干净。)
学术与抽象类
clear清楚的
Please give a clear explanation of the problem.(请清楚地解释这个问题。)
correct正确的
Make sure your answer is correct.(确保你的答案是正确的。)
wrong错误的
His idea is wrong in this case.(在这种情况下,他的想法是错误的。)
simple简单的
The theory is simple but useful.(这个理论简单但有用。)
complex复杂的
The project involves complex technical processes.这个项目涉及复杂的技术流程。
common常见的
This mistake is common among beginners.(这种错误在初学者中很常见。)
same相同的
We are in the same class.(我们在同一个班级。)
popular流行的
Smartphones are popular among young people.(智能手机在年轻人中很流行。)
different不同的
Cultures around the world are different.(世界各地的文化是不同的。)
various各种各样的
There are various books in the bookstore.(书店里有各种各样的书。)
global全球的
Global warming is a serious problem.(全球变暖是个严重的问题。)
形容词固定搭配
be good at擅长
She is good at painting.(她擅长画画。)
be interested in对… 感兴趣
He is interested in science.(他对科学感兴趣。)
be responsible for对…… 负责
Managers are responsible for team performance.(经理对团队表现负责。)
be famous for因…… 闻名
The city is famous for its historical buildings.(这座城市因历史建筑而闻名。)
important decision重要决定
We need to make an important decision today.(我们今天需要做一个重要决定。)
practical solution实用解决方案
They found a practical solution to the problem.(他们找到了问题的实用解决方案)
technical support技术支持
The company provides 24-hour technical support.(这家公司提供 24 小时技术支持。)
2.形容词的翻译实用技巧
英语形容词的翻译需要结合语境、搭配习惯和表达效果,不局限于字面意思,兼顾英语原意和中文表达习惯,避免逐字硬译,让译文自然易懂。
场景
技巧
实例
直接对应直译
基础形容词可直接按字面意思翻译,保持词性和含义一致。
red → 红色的;happy → 开心的;tall → 高的。
She wore a bright dress to the party.她穿了一条鲜艳的裙子去参加派对。
“bright”直接译为“鲜艳的”,符合中文对颜色明亮的描述习惯。
转换词性适配中文
中文中形容词使用更灵活,有时需转换为动词、名词等,使表达更自然。
The book is interesting. → 这本书很有趣(形容词→形容词,直接对应);
He is a good singer. → 他唱歌很好(形容词→副词,通过“唱歌”转换词性)。
The story is very moving.这个故事非常感人。
“moving”(令人感动的)直译会略显生硬,转换为“感人”(形容词性短语),更符合中文表达(避免“这个故事是令人感动的”的冗余)。
增删词语调整表达
根据中文习惯,适当增加“的”或省略冗余词汇,让句子流畅。
a beautiful garden → 一个美丽的花园(加“的”);
She has long hair. → 她头发很长(省略“的”,调整句式)。
He is a careful driver.他开车很小心。
不直译“他是一个小心的司机”,而是省略“的”并调整句式,用“开车很小心”更自然(中文习惯通过动词短语体现形容词含义)。
结合语境意译
部分形容词在特定搭配中含义会变化,需结合上下文灵活翻译,而非直译。
a heavy rain → 一场大雨(“heavy”不译“重的”);
a light meal → 一顿便餐(“light”不译“轻的”)。
The teacher gave us a hard task.老师给我们布置了一项艰巨的任务。
“hard”此处不译“硬的”,结合“task”(任务)的语境,意译为“艰巨的”更准确。
She has a sharp tongue.她说话很刻薄。
“sharp tongue”是固定搭配,“sharp”不译“锋利的”,结合“舌头”的引申义,意译为“说话刻薄”。
处理形容词比较级/最高级
比较级常用“更……”“比……更……”,最高级用“最……”,有时也可通过“无比”“极其”等词强化语气。
This room is bigger than that one. → 这个房间比那个大;
It’s the best solution. → 这是最佳解决方案。
This method is more efficient than the old one.这个方法比旧方法更高效。
比较级“more efficient”用“更高效”直接体现,符合中文比较句式。
It was the worst decision he’d ever made.这是他做过的最糟糕的决定。
最高级“the worst”用“最糟糕的”明确体现程度,句式简洁。
复杂语境中的灵活处理
The movie has a dark sense of humor.这部电影的幽默带点黑色基调。
“dark”不译“黑暗的”,结合“sense of humor”(幽默感),意译为“黑色”(对应“黑色幽默”的固定表达),符合语境。
He has a light hand with makeup.他化起妆来手法很轻柔。
解析:“light hand”是固定搭配,“light”不译“轻的”,结合“化妆”场景,译为“手法轻柔”,体现“动作轻巧”的含义。
【即时训练】
一、英译汉
1.The little girl felt happy when she got the gift.
2.It’s important to keep calm in an emergency.
3.This is the best movie I’ve seen this year.
4.She was surprised to find a big box on her desk.
5.The teacher is pleased with our progress in English.
二、汉译英
6.这个房间又小又暗,让人感到无聊。
7.她对这个意外的消息感到非常吃惊。
8.每天锻炼对保持健康很重要。
9.这件柔软的毛衣比那件硬的更舒服。
10.他因为迟到而受到了老师的严肃批评。
参考答案
一、英译汉
1.小女孩收到礼物时感到很开心。
2.在紧急情况下保持冷静很重要。
3.这是我今年看过的最好的电影。
4.她惊讶地发现自己桌上有一个大盒子。
5.老师对我们在英语方面的进步很满意。
二、汉译英
6.The small and dark room makes people feel bored.
7.She was very amazed at the unexpected news.
8.Exercising daily is important for keeping healthy.
9.This soft sweater is more comfortable than that hard one.
10.He was seriously criticized by the teacher for being late.
【知识点清单四】翻译高频副词
1.单词举例
单词
举例
例句
时间与频率副词
表示具体时间
now(现在)
She is now studying for the exam.(她现在正在复习考试。)
then(那时)
He worked in a factory then.(那时他在工厂工作。)
today(今天)
We have a translation test today.(我们今天有翻译测试。)
yesterday(昨天)
She bought a new dictionary yesterday.(她昨天买了本新词典。)
tomorrow明天
The meeting will be held tomorrow.(会议明天召开。)
immediately立刻,马上
表示频率
always(总是)
He always arrives early at work.(他上班总是早到。)
usually(通常)
They usually have lunch at the company canteen.他们通常在公司食堂吃午饭。
often(经常)
Students often practice translation after class.(学生课后经常练习翻译。)
sometimes有时
Sometimes she takes the bus to school.(她有时乘公交上学。)
seldom(很少)
He seldom watches TV during weekdays.(他工作日很少看电视。)
never(从不)
I never forget to take notes in class.(我从不会忘记在课堂上记笔记。)
程度与范围副词
表示程度深浅
very(非常)
The task is very difficult for beginners.(这个任务对初学者来说非常难。)
quite(相当)
The movie was quite interesting.(这部电影相当有趣。)
rather(相当)
It’s rather cold today.(今天相当冷。)
too(太)
The book is too expensive to buy.(这本书太贵了,买不起。)
so(如此)
She speaks so fast that I can’t follow.(她讲话太快,我跟不上。)
extremely极其
The factory’s environment is extremely noisy.(工厂的环境极其嘈杂。)
表示范围限定
only(只,仅仅)
Only five students passed the test.(只有 5 名学生通过了考试。)
just正好,刚刚
He just finished the translation work.(他刚刚完成翻译工作。)
also(也)
She can speak English, and also French.(她会说英语,也会说法语。)
even(甚至)
Even experienced workers make mistakes sometimes.(甚至有经验的工人有时也会犯错。)
方式与状态副词
表示动作方式
quickly快速地
The worker repaired the machine quickly.(工人快速修好了机器。)
slowly(缓慢地)
Read the passage slowly and carefully.(缓慢仔细地阅读这段文字。)
carefully仔细地
Students should check answers carefully before handing in.(学生交卷前应仔细检查答案。)
hard(努力地)
He works hard to improve his translation skills.(他努力提升翻译技能。)
loudly(大声地)
Please speak loudly so that everyone can hear.请大声说,让所有人都能听见。
quietly安静地
The cat sat quietly by the fireplace.(猫安静地坐在壁炉旁。)
heavily大量地;沉重地
It was raining heavily when we left.(我们离开时,雨下得很大。)
表示状态特征
clearly(清楚地)
The instructions should be written clearly.(说明应写得清楚。)
correctly正确地
Can you translate the sentence correctly?(你能正确翻译这个句子吗?)
wrongly错误地
He answered the question wrongly.(他错误地回答了问题。)
easily(容易地)
This problem can be solved easily.(这个问题很容易解决。)
fortunately幸运地
Fortunately, the storm passed quickly.(幸运的是,暴风雨很快过去了。)
地点与方向副词
表示位置
here(这里)
Come here and have a look.(到这里来看一下。)
there(那里)
The bookstore is over there.(书店在那边。)
home(回家)
He went home early after work.(他下班后早早回家了。)
abroad(在国外)
She studies abroad to learn a new language.(她出国学习新语言。)
anywhere 任何地方
I can’t find my glasses anywhere.(我到处都找不到我的眼镜。)
表示方向
up(向上)
The elevator goes up to the 10th floor.(电梯上升到 10 楼。)
down(向下)
Please write your name down on the paper.(请把名字写在纸上。)
in(向内)
Come in and take a seat.(进来坐下。)
out(向外)
The workers went out of the factory.(工人们走出工厂。)
逻辑与连接副词
表示因果关系
therefore(因此)
He didn’t study hard, therefore he failed the exam.(他学习不努力,因此考试不及格。)
so(所以)
It was raining, so we canceled the trip.(下雨了,所以我们取消了行程。)
thus(因此)
The machine was broken, thus production was stopped.(机器坏了,因此生产停止了。)
表示转折关系
however(然而)
The task was difficult; however, we finished it on time.(任务很难,然而我们按时完成了。)
instead(反而)
He didn’t go to the party; instead, he stayed at home.(他没去聚会,反而待在家里。)
besides此外
I don’t want to go. Besides, it’s going to rain.(我不想去。此外,天还要下雨。)
表示顺序关系
first(首先)
First, read the passage carefully.(首先,仔细阅读这段文字。)
then(然后)
Then, translate the key sentences.(然后,翻译关键句子。)
finally(最后)
Finally, check your translation for mistakes.(最后,检查翻译是否有错误。)
其他
actually实际上
Actually, I’ve never been to that city.(其实,我从没去过那座城市。)
throughout 遍及
There are beautiful parks throughout the city.(城市各处都有漂亮的公园。)
高频副词固定搭配
副词+形容词 / 副词
very good(非常好)
The translation work is very good.(翻译工作非常好。)
too fast(太快)
The speaker talks too fast.(演讲者语速太快。)
quite easy(相当容易)
This exercise is quite easy.(这个练习相当容易。)
动词 + 副词
work hard(努力工作)
All workers should work hard.(所有工人都应努力工作。)
run fast(跑得快)
He runs fast in the sports meeting.(他在运动会上跑得很快。)
listen carefully(仔细听)
Listen carefully to the teacher’s instructions.(仔细听老师的指示。)
副词短语
at once(立刻)
Please come to the office at once.(请立刻来办公室。)
in fact(事实上)
In fact, he is good at translation.(事实上,他擅长翻译。)
of course(当然)
Of course, I can help you with the translation.(当然,我可以帮你做翻译。)
2.翻译中副词的位置
翻译中副词的位置需结合其类型和句子结构灵活调整,以下是常见规则及示例解析:
副词类型
位置特点
举例
时间副词
可置于句首、句中(实义动词前 / 助动词后)或句尾,强调时间时放句首。
1.Yesterday, she finished the project.(句首,强调时间)
2.She will tomorrow attend the meeting.(× 错误,时间副词通常不直接跟在 will 后)
正确例:She will attend the meeting tomorrow.(句尾)
例外:now, then 可置于句中(实义动词前):
She now realizes the mistake.
频率副词
通常位于实义动词前、be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词后。
1.He always arrives early.(实义动词前)
2.She is seldom late for class.(be 动词后)
3.They will never forget this experience.(助动词 will 后)
特殊情况:sometimes 可放句首 / 句尾
Sometimes, he studies alone. / He studies alone sometimes.
程度副词
修饰形容词 / 副词:置于被修饰词前(very good, extremely fast)。
The task is too difficult.
修饰动词:多位于实义动词前,但 much 修饰动词时多放句尾。
I quite agree.
Thank you very much.
修饰比较级:置于比较级前(much harder, even better)
He runs far faster than me.
方式副词
多数位于句尾(强调动作方式)
She speaks English fluently.
少数可置于句中(实义动词前)
He carefully checked the answers.
避免割裂动词与宾语
错误:She wrote quickly the report.(×)
正确:She wrote the report quickly.(√)
地点副词
多位于句尾,here/there 等短副词可置于句首(引起倒装)。
1.They live abroad.(句尾)
2.Here comes the teacher!(句首,倒装)
逻辑连接副词
多置于句首,后接逗号(however, therefore, besides)
However, he failed to pass the exam.
也可置于句中(前后用逗号隔开)
The plan, thus, needs to be revised.
其他高频副词
(如 actually, throughout)
actually:多位于句首或句中(实义动词前)。
Actually, she is good at translation. / She actually knows the truth.
throughout:多接名词或置于句尾
He worked hard throughout the day.
特殊注意事项
副词位置对句意的影响
Only she said that.(只有她这么说)
She only said that.(她只说了这点)
She said that only.(她仅说了这点)
避免副词堆砌
错误:She very much quickly finished it.(×)
正确:She finished it very quickly.(√)
【即时训练】
一、英译汉
1.He often walks to school in the morning.
2.She always helps her mother with housework.
3.They will probably come to the party tonight.
4.The child runs fast in the park every day.
5.You should read the question carefully before answering.
二、汉译英
6.我每天早上都很早起床。
7.他有时会忘记带钥匙。
8.这个问题相当容易解决。
9.她唱得和她姐姐一样好。
10.我们必须尽快完成这项工作。
参考答案
一、英译汉
1.他早上经常步行去上学。
2.她总是帮妈妈做家务。
3.他们今晚可能会来参加派对。
4.这个孩子每天在公园里跑得很快。
5.回答前你应该仔细读题。
二、汉译英
6.I get up early every morning.
7.He sometimes forgets to take his keys.
8.This problem is quite easy to solve.
9.She sings as well as her sister.
10.We must finish the work as soon as possible.
【知识点清单五】翻译高频短语
1.短语举例
短语
含义
短语
含义
at least
至少
be satisfied with...
对…… 感到满意
in return
作为回报
the survey on..
关于…… 的调查
combine...with..
使…… 与…… 结合
in that circumstances
如果是那样的话
learn sth by heart
背诵;记住
differ in...
在…… 方面存在不同
comment on...
对…… 发表评论
turn out
发生;结果是
keep a record of
把…… 记录下来;保留…… 的记载
concentrate on...
集中精力于;全神贯注于
replace...with...
用… 取代…
comment on...
对… 发表评论
play...roles
扮演…… 的角色
burst into laughter
突然大笑
for the purpose of...
为了…
by means of..
用… 的方法
enable sb. to do...
使某人能够做某事
divide...into..
把… 划分成…
call for
要求,提倡
tend to do...
趋向于做…,喜欢做…
add up
合计
take...for example
以… 为例
in the long run
从长远来看,最后
add to
添加到
focus on
集中于,专注于
be curious about...
对… 感到好奇
take...for granted
认为… 理所当然
as a matter of fact
实际上
translate into
翻译成
be aware of/that
注意到
according to
根据
carry out
完成,实施
in depth
深入地
aim to do
指望做某事
after all:
毕竟,究竟
above all
首先,最重要的是
all at once
突然,同时
ahead of
在… 之前
all of a sudden
突然
ahead of time
提前
all over again
再一次,重新
all over
遍及
as regards
关于,至于
all the time
一直,始终
apart from
除… 外(还有)
anything but
根本不,决不
as a result (of)
因此,由于
as a rule
通常,照例
as far as
远至,到… 程度
as far as...be concerned
就… 而言
as follows
如下
as for
至于,关于
as usual
像平常一样,照例
as if
好像,仿佛
as well
同样,也,还
as to
至于,关于
at a loss
茫然,不知所措
as well as
除… 外(也),即… 又
at all
丝毫(不),一点也不
at a time
一次,每次
at all events
不管怎样,无论如何
at all costs
不惜一切代价
at any rate
无论如何,至少
2.部分高频词组及用法解析
分类
短语
用法
例句
时间与顺序
as soon as
引导时间状语从句,表示 “一…… 就……”,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。
As soon as I arrive home, I will call you.(我一到家就给你打电话。)
at the moment
表示 “此刻”,常用于现在进行时。
She is busy preparing for the exam at the moment.(她此刻正忙着备考。)
in the long run
表示 “从长远来看”,强调长期影响。
Exercising regularly will benefit your health in the long run.(长期来看,定期锻炼有益于健康。)
因果关系
as a result
单独使用,后接逗号,引出结果。
He didn’t study hard; as a result, he failed the exam.(他没努力学习,结果考试不及格。)
due to
后接名词或动名词,解释原因。
The flight was delayed due to bad weather.(航班因天气恶劣延误。)
lead to
表示 “导致”,后接名词或动名词。
Lack of sleep can lead to poor concentration.(睡眠不足会导致注意力不集中。)
比较与对比
as...as...
用于同级比较,中间接形容词或副词原级。
This book is as interesting as that one.(这本书和那本书一样有趣。)
compared with/to
表示 “与…… 相比”,用于对比差异。
Compared with last year, our profits have increased by 20%.(与去年相比,我们的利润增长了 20%。)
on the other hand
引出相反观点,常与 “on the one hand” 连用。
On the one hand, he wants to travel; on the other hand, he has no money.(一方面他想旅行,另一方面他没钱。)
目的与结果
in order to
引导目的状语,可置于句首或句中。
In order to pass the exam, she studies late every night.(为了通过考试,她每晚学习到很晚。)
so that
引导结果状语从句,从句中常用情态动词。
He saved money so that he could buy a new laptop.(他存钱以便能买一台新笔记本电脑。)
enable sb. to do
表示 “使某人能够做”,强调能力提升。
The scholarship enables him to study abroad.(奖学金使他能够出国留学。)
建议与态度
had better (not) do
表示 “最好(不)做”,用于提建议。
You’d better wear a coat; it’s cold outside.(你最好穿件外套,外面很冷。)
be supposed to do
表示 “应该做”,强调责任或义务。
Students are supposed to arrive at school on time.(学生应该按时到校。)
固定搭配与易错点
take place vs. take the place
take place:表示 “发生”(无被动)。
例句:The sports meeting will take place next week.(运动会下周举行。)
take the place of:表示 “取代”。
例句:E-books may take the place of paper books in the future.(电子书未来可能取代纸质书。)
used to do vs. be used to doing
used to do:表示 “过去常常做”(现在不做了)。
例句:He used to play basketball every day.(他过去每天打篮球。)
be used to doing:表示 “习惯于做”。
例句:She is used to getting up early.(她习惯早起。)
such as vs. for example
such as:直接列举多个例子,无需逗号。
例句:I like fruits such as apples and bananas.(我喜欢苹果、香蕉等水果。)
for example:单独举例,后接逗号。
例句:You can improve your English, for example, by reading more.(你可以通过多读来提高英语。)
高频动词短语
look forward to doing
表示 “期待做”,to 为介词,后接动名词。
We are looking forward to seeing you again.(我们期待再次见到你。)
concentrate on (doing) sth.
表示 “专注于”,后接名词或动名词。
Please concentrate on your homework and don’t play games.(请专注于作业,别玩游戏。)
deal with
表示 “处理” 或 “应对” 问题。
How do you deal with stress before exams?(你如何应对考试前的压力?)
介词短语
in addition to
表示 “除…… 之外(还)”,后接名词或动名词。
In addition to English, she also speaks French.(除了英语,她还会说法语。)
by means of
表示 “通过…… 方式”。
They communicated by means of sign language.(他们通过手语交流。)
at the expense of
表示 “以…… 为代价”。
He achieved success at the expense of his health.(他以健康为代价获得了成功。)
特殊结构
not only...but also...
连接并列成分,强调后者,遵循就近原则。
Not only the students but also the teacher likes this movie.(不仅学生,老师也喜欢这部电影。)
either...or...
表示 “要么…… 要么……”,遵循就近原则。
Either you or he has to clean the classroom.(要么你,要么他必须打扫教室。)
It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do
for 用于描述事物性质,of 用于描述人的品质。
It’s important for students to practice English daily.(对学生来说,每天练习英语很重要。)
It’s kind of you to help me.(你帮助我真是太好了。)
【即时训练】
一、汉译英
1.至少有 50 人参加了这场会议。
2.她对自己的考试成绩感到满意。
3.我帮了他,作为回报,他请我吃了顿饭。
4.我们应该把理论和实践结合起来。
5.他把老师说的每一句话都记在了心里。
二、英译汉
6.As a result, we had to change our plan.
7. She is used to getting up early every morning.
8.The survey on students' hobbies will be carried out next week.
9.In that case, we'd better leave as soon as possible.
10. He tends to keep a record of everything he does.
参考答案
一、汉译英
1.At least 50 people attended the meeting.
2.She is satisfied with her exam results.
3.I helped him, and in return, he treated me to a meal.
4.We should combine theory with practice.
5.He kept every word the teacher said in mind.
二、英译汉
6.结果,我们不得不改变计划。
7.她习惯了每天早上早起。
8.关于学生爱好的调查将于下周进行。
9.那样的话,我们最好尽快离开。
10.他倾向于把自己做的每件事都记录下来。
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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