精品解析：2024-2025学年广东省深圳高级中学八年级下学期英语期末考试

深圳高级中学（集团）2024-2025学年第二学期期末测试初二英语 命题人：刘沛、陈晓婷 审题人：杜玉妍 注意事项： 1、答题前，请将姓名、班级和准考证号用规定的笔写在答题卡指定的位置上。 2、本试卷共7页，满分75分，考试时间70分钟。全卷分两部分：第一部分为选择题，1-25小题答案为A、B、C、D四个选项，26-35小题答案为A、B、C、D、E、F六个选项；第二部分为非选择题。 3、考生必须在答题卡上按规定作答；凡在答题卡规定区域以外的地方作答的，其答案一律无效。答题卡必须保持整洁，不能折叠。 4、本卷选择题1-35，需在答题区内将相应题目的答案编号涂黑；非选择题36-45及书面表达，必须在答题卡非选择题答题区内按相应的序号作答。 5、考试结束，监考人员将答题卡收回。 第一部分 选择题（50分） I. 完形填空（10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。(共10小题，每小题1分) Peter: Mum, I’m so proud that you are a ___1___. How many students are there in your class? Mum: Forty-five. Peter: Then it’s hard to have many one-to-one talks with each person. How do you know what’s going on in their minds in class? Mum: My answer? I look at their body language. Peter: Their body language? But ___2___? Mum: It’s easy to see when students show interest in a lesson. Most ___3___ and make eye contact. They lean forward and look at me. People like to lean towards whatever they are interested in. When I tell a joke, they laugh. When I talk about something ___4___, they are at a loss. If a student keeps looking at his watch, it shows he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. ___5___ two friends lean their heads together, they are probably writing notes to each other. Of course, not everyone who looks up is ___6___ in class. Some students look up but there is no eye contact. Their eyes seldom move, and they ___7___ wear the same expression. It seems that they are asleep with their eyes open! Peter: From time to time I daydream in class. Can you teachers see it? Mum: Sure! With their chins (下巴) on their hands, daydreamers look out of the window or up at the ceiling. They are certainly interested in something, ___8___ who knows what? When they are attracted by other things, they spend all their time looking anywhere but at me. Then I ___9___ them to pay attention in class. As a teacher, my ____10____ is helping every student to learn. Their body language helps me know when to adjust (调整) class activities, and when to talk to students separately, so they can all get the most out of school. Peter: Mum, you are so great! 1 A. policewoman B. driver C. doctor D. teacher 2. A. where B. when C. how D. why 3. A. look down B. look up C. look back D. look through 4. A. difficult B. easy C. important D. funny 5. A. Since B. Although C. Because D. If 6. A. keeping in touch B. paying attention C. taking a message D. getting along 7. A. always B. sometimes C. seldom D. never 8. A. and B. but C. so D. or 9. A. encourage B. allow C. wish D. remind 10. A. talent B. spirit C. duty D. plan II. 阅读理解（35分） 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应字母编号涂黑。（共15小题，每小题1.5分） A At seventeen minutes past four in the afternoon while the passengers were in the main hall taking their lunch, a slight blow was felt on the Scotia (斯科舍号船), on the quarter a little behind the port wheel. The Scotia had not run into something: something had run into it and a cutting or sharp object rather than a blunt one. The blow seemed so slight that nobody on board would have worried but for the shout of the hold—workers who rushed up on to the deck (甲板). “We’re sinking! We’re sinking!” At first the passengers were quite afraid—but Captain Anderson quickly reassured (宽慰) them. In fact, the danger could not come at once. The Scotia, divided into seven parts, was sure to resist any leak with impunity. Captain Anderson headed at once for the hold. He noticed that the fifth part had flooded; and the speed of the flooding proved that the hole was a quite big one. Very luckily, the boilers were not in this compartment, for the fires would have gone out at once. Captain Anderson had the engines stopped at once, while one of the sailors dived to assess the damage. Shortly afterwards, the existence of a two-metre hole in the hull was confirmed. Such damage could not be repaired and the Scotia, its wheels half underwater, had to continue its journey in the same state. It was 300 miles from Cape Clear, and was three days late when it sailed into the company docks, having greatly worried Liverpool. The engineers then carried out an inspection (检查) of the Scotia, which was in dry dock. They couldn’t believe their eyes. Two and a half meters below the water-line appeared a neat hole in the form of an isosceles triangle (等腰三角形). The break in the board was perfectly clean, and could not have been cut with greater precision. —Taken from Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea 11. Where did the story take place? A. In the ocean. B. In a house. C. In the lake. D. In a garden. 12. What does the underlined word “blunt” mean in Paragraph 2? A. sharp and pointed B. dull and not sharp C. heavy and large D. light and small 13. Why was the Scotia three days late when it reached the company docks? A. Because the crew stopped to repair the hole. B. Because the passengers refused to continue the journey. C. Because the ship had to slow down due to the damage. D. Because the weather was too bad to sail. 14. Which of the following is the correct order according to the story? a. The Captain stopped the engines. b. The boat crushed into something sharp. c. The engineers checked the Scotia for damage. d. People realized that the Scotia was sinking. A. a-b-d-c B. b-d-c-a C. b-d-a-c D. d-a-b-c 15. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A The story took place in the morning. B. Captain Anderson was very worried in the story. C. The damage was not very serious. D. At first, most people were not aware of the damage. B The story of domestication (驯化) Long ago, dogs, sheep and cows used to be wild animals. How did they turn into pets and farm animals? Let’s find out! Dogs The story of domestication started somewhere in Asia, about 15, 000 to 23, 000 years ago. Back then, people moved across the land. They hunted large animals and often left meat on the ground. This attracted wolves, and they probably began following the hunters. Some people started catching baby wolves. They trained these young wolves to hunt with them. With every generation, people kept wolves with “friendly” genes (基因). Over thousands of years, these pet wolves turned into dogs. Sheep Around 13,000 years ago, people in West Asia began to domesticate animals like sheep. Sheep are small and not very dangerous, and they move in big groups and follow their leader. This makes them easy to domesticate. They became an important source of meat. Later, the farmers also learnt how to make clothes from their wool. Cows People in West Asia started to domesticate aurochs—a kind of wild ox—sometime after 8000 BCE. Aurochs are now extinct, but they used to live all over Europe and Asia. They provided people with milk and meat, and they were also good working animals. As with other animals, people chose to keep aurochs with “good” genes, and the animals slowly turned into the cows we see today. Over many thousands of years, pets and farm animals changed because of human efforts. The story of domestication still continues today. 16. What was the main reason wolves began following human hunters? A. They wanted to attack the humans. B. They were attracted by leftover meat. C. They needed protection from other animals. D. They enjoyed human company. 17. Why were sheep easy to domesticate? A. Because they provided milk and meat. B. Because they were large and good for carrying heavy loads. C. Because they preferred to live alone, making them easier to control. D. Because they lived in groups and followed a leader, posing little threat to humans. 18. In paragraph 4, “aurochs” refers to an animal. What were they most likely? A. An extinct type of wild cattle. B. A modern type of cow. C. A wolf-like animal. D. An ancient type of sheep. 19. What can be inferred about the process of animal domestication? A. It happened quickly within a few generations. B. Humans selected animals with desirable qualities on purpose. C. Only herbivores (食草动物) were suitable for domestication. D. Domestication was equally successful for all animal species. 20. Where is this text most likely taken from? A. A fictional short story. B. A pet training handbook. C. An educational magazine. D. A travel guidebook. C Hundreds of foreign plants and animals are secretly entering China inside delivery boxes and hiding in city parks. About 660 such species now cause a loss of 200 billion yuan every year. Shenzhen Customs is fighting back with special machines after finding 17.5% more invaders (入侵者) in early 2025 than the year before. These “eco-invaders” push out local animals and plants while harming farms and forests. One water plant grows so fast that it can cover a whole lake in just six days, making fish die from lack of air. Equally dangerous are fire ants, which have spread to 12 provinces in 20 years. These insects not only hurt people with painful stings (蜇刺) but also ruin crops across wide areas. The invaders sneak in (潜行) through clever hiding ways. Wood brought from other countries often carries tiny worms that kill pine trees within 40 days. Other species, like apple snails that have thousands of babies yearly, were first brought to China for people’s use but later escaped into the wild. Customs officers recently discovered new hiding tricks, such as large ants carried inside toy boxes and shoes during border checks. To stop these invaders, customs now uses smart machines called “AI X-ray scanners” that can see inside packages. These scanners, which automatically spot unusual shapes, help officers find 25% more hidden species than before. At the same time, scientists are using special insects that eat harmful foreign weeds, creating nature’s own army against invaders. While customs officers work hard, ordinary people must also join the fight. Citizens should never set free foreign pets like red-eared turtles in nature, avoid buying strange animals or plants online, and immediately report any unknown fast-spreading species. “Every harmful creature we catch saves our environment,” said a Shenzhen Customs officer after finding dangerous species in international mail. As invaders keep finding new ways to enter, combining (结合) smart technology with public awareness remains China’s strongest shield (防护物) in this unseen war for our environment. 21. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe different types of foreign pets. B. To discuss the history of fire ants in China. C. To explain how Shenzhen Customs uses technology. D. To warn about harmful foreign species and protection methods. 22. What does the phrase “push out” in Paragraph 2 most likely means? A. endanger B. protect C. observe D. warn 23. How do some foreign species enter China? A. By flying freely across national borders. B. Through online shopping made by scientific researchers. C. Through being imported before escaping into nature. D. As passengers on airplanes inspected by customs officers. 24. What result did the “AI X-ray scanners” achieve? A They help officers detect 25% more hidden species. B. They trained insects to eat harmful foreign weeds. C. They reduced border checks by about 25%. D. They discovered 660 entirely new species. 25. Why does the customs officer state “Every harmful creature we catch saves our environment”? A. Because captured animals are sold to zoos to support environmental projects. B. To emphasize that preventing biological invasions protects ecological balance. C. To encourage citizens to keep foreign pets instead of buying local animals. D. To show that technology cannot work without international cooperation. 以下是一篇短文。请阅读全文并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 Life in 2050: A Glimpse into Tomorrow Smart Transportation Getting around will be safer and greener. Self-driving cars powered by solar energy will dominate (占主流) the roads. ____26____ For example, traffic lights will communicate directly with vehicles to prevent accidents. Public transport like flying taxis may become common in big cities, reducing traffic jams effectively. Education Revolution ____27____ Students worldwide will attend virtual classes using 3D hologram (全息) technology. AI teachers will provide personalized learning plans based on each student’s progress. ____28____ Paper books might still be used for special learning purposes. Face-to-face communication remains important for developing social skills. Green Living Environmental protection will be at the heart of future life. Smart homes equipped with energy-saving AI systems will automatically adjust lighting and temperature. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind will power entire cities.____29____Additionally, vertical farms in skyscrapers will produce fresh vegetables for urban areas. Surprisingly, people may eat lab-grown meat to protect natural resources. ____30____ A. For instance, rooftop solar panels and wind-powered streetlights will become standard in communities. B. Roads themselves will become intelligent partners of drivers. C. However, traditional schools won’t disappear completely. D. Classrooms will no longer be limited by physical (实物的) spaces. E. Weather control systems could prevent natural disasters. F. Experts believe these innovations will cut global energy waste by half by 2045. 信息匹配 下面A–F分别是六个和动物相关成语，请你根据下面五个同学的故事，请为他们选择一个合适的成语描述其基本情况。 ____31____. Lily joined the dance club. She knew every move and felt completely relaxed and happy. It was her favorite place to be. ____32____. Tom’s simple drawing of a flower looked great. But when he added too many colors, it became messy and less beautiful. ____33____. By choosing to cycle to school daily, Anna got exercise every day and also saved money on the bus fare. It was very efficient. ____34____. Ben grew up in a small village. When he first visited the city, he was amazed by its size and modern wonders. ____35____. Math was challenging for Jack. To understand better, he always studied the lesson before class started, which helped him keep up. A. A slow bird must start flying early. B. The fox borrows the tiger’s power. C. Like a fish in water. D. One arrow, two eagles. E. Draw legs on a snake. F. A frog at the bottom of a well. 第二部分 非选择题（25分） III. 语法填空（每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 Embroidery (刺绣) is created by any of the cultures located in the area that makes up modern China. Chinese embroidery is an art that dates all ____36____ way back to the Han dynasty between 206BC and 220AD. It ____37____ (know) as silk embroidery, too. China was the first country ____38____ (sew) silk. In ____39____ (it) oldest form, Xianqian technique involved weaving the silk thread onto the silk fabric (绸缎). In 1958, a piece of silk embroidered with a dragon and phoenix was discovered in a Chinese tomb from the Warring States Period (475–221BC), which showcased exceptional craftsmanship. At over 2,000 years old, it represents one of ____40____ (early) recorded examples of Chinese embroidery. More than 2,000 years old, it is the piece of Chinese embroidery ever unearthed. In the Tang and Song dynasties, embroidery was ____41____ (wide) used, growing more exquisite in technique and richer in color. It played a key role in the ____42____ (create) of paintings, calligraphy, and decorative art. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, both palace and folk embroidery experienced significant development, _____43_____ (give) rise to the “Five Great Embroideries”. Nowadays, embroidered patterns have been used on daily items ____44____ quilt covers, pillowcases, and shoe uppers. Throughout history, with the development of human civilization, this unconscious thread ____45____ (develop) gradually into the embroidery that people need. IV. 书面表达 (15分) 46. 为了增强同学们对野生动物的保护意识，你校英文报正在举办主题为 “Saving Our Animal Friends” 的征文活动。请你作为学校“生物探秘”兴趣小组的一员，介绍一种你们小组关注的濒危动物： 1、简要描述该动物（如：外形特征、生活习性、栖息地等）； 2、说明其濒危的主要原因及现状； 3、提出至少两条保护该动物的具体措施。 要求：1.表达完整，减少语误；书写规范，卷面整洁； 2.可适当增加细节，以使语句通顺、条理清楚、意义连贯； 3.词数不少于80；开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Saving Our Animal Friends In our Biology Explorers Club, we are deeply concerned about the endangered animals around the world. One animal that particularly worries us is _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 深圳高级中学（集团）2024-2025学年第二学期期末测试初二英语 命题人：刘沛、陈晓婷 审题人：杜玉妍 注意事项： 1、答题前，请将姓名、班级和准考证号用规定的笔写在答题卡指定的位置上。 2、本试卷共7页，满分75分，考试时间70分钟。全卷分两部分：第一部分为选择题，1-25小题答案为A、B、C、D四个选项，26-35小题答案为A、B、C、D、E、F六个选项；第二部分为非选择题。 3、考生必须在答题卡上按规定作答；凡在答题卡规定区域以外的地方作答的，其答案一律无效。答题卡必须保持整洁，不能折叠。 4、本卷选择题1-35，需在答题区内将相应题目的答案编号涂黑；非选择题36-45及书面表达，必须在答题卡非选择题答题区内按相应的序号作答。 5、考试结束，监考人员将答题卡收回。 第一部分 选择题（50分） I. 完形填空（10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。(共10小题，每小题1分) Peter: Mum, I’m so proud that you are a ___1___. How many students are there in your class? Mum: Forty-five. Peter: Then it’s hard to have many one-to-one talks with each person. How do you know what’s going on in their minds in class? Mum: My answer? I look at their body language. Peter: Their body language? But ___2___? Mum: It’s easy to see when students show interest in a lesson. Most ___3___ and make eye contact. They lean forward and look at me. People like to lean towards whatever they are interested in. When I tell a joke, they laugh. When I talk about something ___4___, they are at a loss. If a student keeps looking at his watch, it shows he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. ___5___ two friends lean their heads together, they are probably writing notes to each other. Of course, not everyone who looks up is ___6___ in class. Some students look up but there is no eye contact. Their eyes seldom move, and they ___7___ wear the same expression. It seems that they are asleep with their eyes open! Peter: From time to time I daydream in class. Can you teachers see it? Mum: Sure! With their chins (下巴) on their hands, daydreamers look out of the window or up at the ceiling. They are certainly interested in something, ___8___ who knows what? When they are attracted by other things, they spend all their time looking anywhere but at me. Then I ___9___ them to pay attention in class. As a teacher, my ____10____ is helping every student to learn. Their body language helps me know when to adjust (调整) class activities, and when to talk to students separately, so they can all get the most out of school. Peter: Mum, you are so great! 1. A. policewoman B. driver C. doctor D. teacher 2. A. where B. when C. how D. why 3. A. look down B. look up C. look back D. look through 4. A. difficult B. easy C. important D. funny 5. A. Since B. Although C. Because D. If 6. A. keeping in touch B. paying attention C. taking a message D. getting along 7. A. always B. sometimes C. seldom D. never 8. A. and B. but C. so D. or 9. A. encourage B. allow C. wish D. remind 10. A. talent B. spirit C. duty D. plan 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇对话。文章主要讲述了皮特询问妈妈如何通过观察学生的肢体语言来了解他们的想法，妈妈详细地介绍了自己的经验和方法，同时强调了自己的职责是帮助每一位学生学习。 【1题详解】 句意：妈妈，我很自豪你是一名老师。 policewoman女警察；driver司机；doctor医生；teacher老师。根据下文“How many students are there in your class?”可知，皮特的妈妈是一名老师。故选D。 【2题详解】 句意：他们的肢体语言？但是怎么看呢？ where哪里；when什么时候；how如何；why为什么。根据下文“It’s easy to see when students show interest in a lesson.”可知，皮特询问妈妈如何通过肢体语言了解学生的想法。故选C。 【3题详解】 句意：大多数学生抬头看并与我进行眼神交流。 look down向下看；look up抬头看；look back回顾；look through浏览。根据下文“and make eye contact”可知，抬头看才能进行眼神交流。故选B。 【4题详解】 句意：当我讲到一些困难的内容时，他们感到困惑。 difficult困难的；easy容易的；important重要的；funny有趣的。根据下文“they are at a loss”可知，当讲到困难的内容时，学生感到困惑。故选A。 【5题详解】 句意：如果两个朋友把头靠在一起，他们可能在互相写纸条。 Since自从；Although尽管；Because因为；If如果。根据下文“two friends lean their heads together, they are probably writing notes to each other”可知，此处是条件状语从句，表示假设的情况。故选D。 【6题详解】 句意：当然，并不是每个抬头看的学生都在课堂上认真听讲。 keeping in touch保持联系；paying attention集中注意力；taking a message捎口信；getting along相处。根据下文“Some students look up but there is no eye contact.”可知，并不是每个抬头看的学生都在课堂上认真听讲。故选B。 【7题详解】 句意：他们的眼睛很少移动，总是带着同样的表情。 always总是；sometimes有时；seldom很少；never从不。根据下文“It seems that they are asleep with their eyes open!”可知，这些学生总是带着同样的表情。故选A。 【8题详解】 句意：他们当然对某些事情感兴趣，但谁知道是什么呢？ and和；but但是；so因此；or或者。根据上文“They are certainly interested in something”以及下文“who knows what?”可知，此处表示转折关系。故选B。 【9题详解】 句意：然后我提醒他们上课要注意听讲。 encourage鼓励；allow允许；wish希望；remind提醒。根据上文“When they are attracted by other things, they spend all their time looking anywhere but at me.”可知，当学生被其他事物吸引时，老师会提醒他们上课要注意听讲。故选D。 【10题详解】 句意：作为一名老师，我的职责是帮助每一位学生学习。 talent天赋；spirit精神；duty职责；plan计划。根据下文“helping every student to learn”可知，帮助每一位学生学习是老师的职责。故选C。 II. 阅读理解（35分） 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应字母编号涂黑。（共15小题，每小题1.5分） A At seventeen minutes past four in the afternoon, while the passengers were in the main hall taking their lunch, a slight blow was felt on the Scotia (斯科舍号船), on the quarter a little behind the port wheel. The Scotia had not run into something: something had run into it, and a cutting or sharp object rather than a blunt one. The blow seemed so slight that nobody on board would have worried but for the shout of the hold—workers who rushed up on to the deck (甲板). “We’re sinking! We’re sinking!” At first the passengers were quite afraid—but Captain Anderson quickly reassured (宽慰) them. In fact, the danger could not come at once. The Scotia, divided into seven parts, was sure to resist any leak with impunity. Captain Anderson headed at once for the hold. He noticed that the fifth part had flooded; and the speed of the flooding proved that the hole was a quite big one. Very luckily, the boilers were not in this compartment, for the fires would have gone out at once. Captain Anderson had the engines stopped at once, while one of the sailors dived to assess the damage. Shortly afterwards, the existence of a two-metre hole in the hull was confirmed. Such damage could not be repaired and the Scotia, its wheels half underwater, had to continue its journey in the same state. It was 300 miles from Cape Clear, and was three days late when it sailed into the company docks, having greatly worried Liverpool. The engineers then carried out an inspection (检查) of the Scotia, which was in dry dock. They couldn’t believe their eyes. Two and a half meters below the water-line appeared a neat hole in the form of an isosceles triangle (等腰三角形). The break in the board was perfectly clean, and could not have been cut with greater precision. —Taken from Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea 11. Where did the story take place? A. In the ocean. B. In a house. C. In the lake. D. In a garden. 12. What does the underlined word “blunt” mean in Paragraph 2? A. sharp and pointed B. dull and not sharp C. heavy and large D. light and small 13. Why was the Scotia three days late when it reached the company docks? A. Because the crew stopped to repair the hole. B. Because the passengers refused to continue the journey. C. Because the ship had to slow down due to the damage. D. Because the weather was too bad to sail. 14. Which of the following is the correct order according to the story? a. The Captain stopped the engines. b. The boat crushed into something sharp. c. The engineers checked the Scotia for damage. d. People realized that the Scotia was sinking. A. a-b-d-c B. b-d-c-a C. b-d-a-c D. d-a-b-c 15. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The story took place in the morning. B. Captain Anderson was very worried in the story. C. The damage was not very serious. D. At first, most people were not aware of the damage. 【答案】11. A 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了斯科舍号船在航行过程中遭遇撞击，船体出现一个等腰三角形的大洞，船长采取措施后，船继续航行但因受损而迟到，最后工程师对船进行检查的故事。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，故事围绕斯科舍号船在航行时发生撞击展开，船是在海洋中航行的，所以故事发生在海洋里。故选A。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“The Scotia had not run into something: something had run into it, and a cutting or sharp object rather than a blunt one.”可知，斯科舍号不是撞到了什么东西，而是有东西撞到了它，是尖锐物体而不是钝的物体，所以“blunt”与“sharp”相对，意为“钝的，不锋利的”。故选B。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Such damage could not be repaired and the Scotia, its wheels half underwater, had to continue its journey in the same state. It was 300 miles from Cape Clear, and was three days late when it sailed into the company docks”可知，船体受损无法修复，船只能以同样的状态继续航行，所以是因为船受损而不得不减速，导致到达公司码头时晚了三天。故选C。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Scotia had not run into something: something had run into it, and a cutting or sharp object rather than a blunt one.”可知，先是船撞到了尖锐的东西，即b；根据文章第二段“‘We’re sinking! We’re sinking!’”可知，然后人们意识到船在下沉，即d；根据文章第五段“Captain Anderson had the engines stopped at once”可知，接着船长停下了引擎，即a；根据文章最后一段“The engineers then carried out an inspection (检查) of the Scotia, which was in dry dock.”可知，最后工程师检查了斯科舍号的受损情况，即c。所以正确的顺序是b - d - a - c。故选C。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The blow seemed so slight that nobody on board would have worried but for the shout of the hold—workers who rushed up on to the deck (甲板).”可知，一开始撞击看起来很轻微，要不是舱内工人冲上甲板大喊，船上没人会担心，所以一开始大多数人没有意识到船受损了。故选D。 B The story of domestication (驯化) Long ago, dogs, sheep and cows used to be wild animals. How did they turn into pets and farm animals? Let’s find out! Dogs The story of domestication started somewhere in Asia, about 15, 000 to 23, 000 years ago. Back then, people moved across the land. They hunted large animals and often left meat on the ground. This attracted wolves, and they probably began following the hunters. Some people started catching baby wolves. They trained these young wolves to hunt with them. With every generation, people kept wolves with “friendly” genes (基因). Over thousands of years, these pet wolves turned into dogs. Sheep Around 13,000 years ago, people in West Asia began to domesticate animals like sheep. Sheep are small and not very dangerous, and they move in big groups and follow their leader. This makes them easy to domesticate. They became an important source of meat. Later, the farmers also learnt how to make clothes from their wool. Cows People in West Asia started to domesticate aurochs—a kind of wild ox—sometime after 8000 BCE. Aurochs are now extinct, but they used to live all over Europe and Asia. They provided people with milk and meat, and they were also good working animals. As with other animals, people chose to keep aurochs with “good” genes, and the animals slowly turned into the cows we see today. Over many thousands of years, pets and farm animals changed because of human efforts. The story of domestication still continues today. 16. What was the main reason wolves began following human hunters? A. They wanted to attack the humans. B. They were attracted by leftover meat. C. They needed protection from other animals. D. They enjoyed human company. 17. Why were sheep easy to domesticate? A. Because they provided milk and meat. B. Because they were large and good for carrying heavy loads. C. Because they preferred to live alone, making them easier to control. D. Because they lived in groups and followed a leader posing little threat to humans. 18. In paragraph 4, “aurochs” refers to an animal. What were they most likely? A. An extinct type of wild cattle. B. A modern type of cow. C. A wolf-like animal. D. An ancient type of sheep. 19. What can be inferred about the process of animal domestication? A. It happened quickly within a few generations. B. Humans selected animals with desirable qualities on purpose. C. Only herbivores (食草动物) were suitable for domestication. D. Domestication was equally successful for all animal species. 20. Where is this text most likely taken from? A. A fictional short story. B. A pet training handbook. C. An educational magazine. D. A travel guidebook. 【答案】16. B 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了狗、羊和牛等动物如何被驯化的过程。文章详细介绍了驯化的起源、原因以及人类在驯化过程中所起的作用，并指出驯化是一个持续数千年的过程，至今仍在继续。 【16题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They hunted large animals and often left meat on the ground. This attracted wolves, and they probably began following the hunters.”可知，狼开始跟随人类猎人的主要原因是它们被人类留下的肉吸引。故选B。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Sheep are small and not very dangerous, and they move in big groups and follow their leader. This makes them easy to domesticate.”可知，羊之所以容易被驯化，是因为它们体型小、不危险，并且成群结队地跟随领头羊，对人类构成威胁小。故选D。 18题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“People in West Asia started to domesticate aurochs—a kind of wild ox—sometime after 8000 BCE. Aurochs are now extinct...”可知，原牛是一种已经灭绝的野生牛类。故选A。 【19题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“With every generation, people kept wolves with ‘friendly’ genes (基因).”和第四段“As with other animals, people chose to keep aurochs with ‘good’ genes...”可知，人类在驯化过程中有意识地选择了具有优良基因的动物，说明驯化过程是人类有目的的选择。故选B。 【20题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了动物驯化的历史和过程，内容具有科普性质，因此最可能出自教育类杂志。故选C。 C Hundreds of foreign plants and animals are secretly entering China inside delivery boxes and hiding in city parks. About 660 such species now cause a loss of 200 billion yuan every year. Shenzhen Customs is fighting back with special machines after finding 17.5% more invaders (入侵者) in early 2025 than the year before. These “eco-invaders” push out local animals and plants while harming farms and forests. One water plant grows so fast that it can cover a whole lake in just six days, making fish die from lack of air. Equally dangerous are fire ants, which have spread to 12 provinces in 20 years. These insects not only hurt people with painful stings (蜇刺) but also ruin crops across wide areas. The invaders sneak in (潜行) through clever hiding ways. Wood brought from other countries often carries tiny worms that kill pine trees within 40 days. Other species, like apple snails that have thousands of babies yearly, were first brought to China for people’s use but later escaped into the wild. Customs officers recently discovered new hiding tricks, such as large ants carried inside toy boxes and shoes during border checks. To stop these invaders, customs now uses smart machines called “AI X-ray scanners” that can see inside packages. These scanners, which automatically spot unusual shapes, help officers find 25% more hidden species than before. At the same time, scientists are using special insects that eat harmful foreign weeds, creating nature’s own army against invaders. While customs officers work hard, ordinary people must also join the fight. Citizens should never set free foreign pets like red-eared turtles in nature, avoid buying strange animals or plants online, and immediately report any unknown fast-spreading species. “Every harmful creature we catch saves our environment,” said a Shenzhen Customs officer after finding dangerous species in international mail. As invaders keep finding new ways to enter, combining (结合) smart technology with public awareness remains China’s strongest shield (防护物) in this unseen war for our environment. 21. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe different types of foreign pets. B. To discuss the history of fire ants in China. C. To explain how Shenzhen Customs uses technology. D. To warn about harmful foreign species and protection methods. 22. What does the phrase “push out” in Paragraph 2 most likely means? A. endanger B. protect C. observe D. warn 23. How do some foreign species enter China? A. By flying freely across national borders. B. Through online shopping made by scientific researchers. C. Through being imported before escaping into nature. D. As passengers on airplanes inspected by customs officers. 24. What result did the “AI X-ray scanners” achieve? A. They help officers detect 25% more hidden species. B. They trained insects to eat harmful foreign weeds. C. They reduced border checks by about 25%. D. They discovered 660 entirely new species. 25. Why does the customs officer state “Every harmful creature we catch saves our environment”? A. Because captured animals are sold to zoos to support environmental projects. B. To emphasize that preventing biological invasions protects ecological balance. C. To encourage citizens to keep foreign pets instead of buying local animals. D. To show that technology cannot work without international cooperation. 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. B 【解析】 【导语】本文揭示了外来物种通过多种渠道入侵中国造成的生态威胁，并介绍了海关利用AI扫描仪等科技手段联合公众共同防御的措措施。 【21题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了外来物种入侵中国的危害、入侵途径及防治措施，因此选项D最能概括文章主旨。故选D。 【22题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“These ‘eco-invaders’ push out local animals and plants while harming farms and forests.”可知“push out”与后面的“harm”含义相近，意为“危害、威胁”。故选A。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Other species, like apple snails that have thousands of babies yearly, were first brought to China for people’s use but later escaped into the wild.”可知，部分外来物种是通过合法引进后逃逸到野外的。故选C。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“These scanners, which automatically spot unusual shapes, help officers find 25% more hidden species than before.”可知，AI扫描仪帮助海关多发现了25%的隐蔽物种。故选A。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据“As invaders keep finding new ways to enter, combining (结合) smart technology…in this unseen war for our environment.”及全文关于外来物种危害的论述，可知海关官员的话意在强调拦截有害生物有助于保护生态环境平衡。故选B。 以下是一篇短文。请阅读全文并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 Life in 2050: A Glimpse into Tomorrow Smart Transportation Getting around will be safer and greener. Self-driving cars powered by solar energy will dominate (占主流) the roads. ____26____ For example, traffic lights will communicate directly with vehicles to prevent accidents. Public transport like flying taxis may become common in big cities, reducing traffic jams effectively. Education Revolution ____27____ Students worldwide will attend virtual classes using 3D hologram (全息) technology. AI teachers will provide personalized learning plans based on each student’s progress. ____28____ Paper books might still be used for special learning purposes. Face-to-face communication remains important for developing social skills. Green Living Environmental protection will be at the heart of future life. Smart homes equipped with energy-saving AI systems will automatically adjust lighting and temperature. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind will power entire cities.____29____Additionally, vertical farms in skyscrapers will produce fresh vegetables for urban areas. Surprisingly, people may eat lab-grown meat to protect natural resources. ____30____ A. For instance, rooftop solar panels and wind-powered streetlights will become standard in communities. B. Roads themselves will become intelligent partners of drivers. C. However, traditional schools won’t disappear completely. D. Classrooms will no longer be limited by physical (实物的) spaces. E. Weather control systems could prevent natural disasters. F. Experts believe these innovations will cut global energy waste by half by 2045. 【答案】26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. F 【解析】 【导语】本文主要从智能交通、教育变革和绿色生活三个方面展望了2050年的生活景象。 【26题详解】 根据“Self-driving cars powered by solar energy will dominate the roads.”以及“For example, traffic lights will communicate directly with vehicles to prevent accidents.”可知，此处是在说道路与司机、车辆的智能关联，选项B “道路本身将成为司机的智能伙伴”符合语境。故选B。 【27题详解】 根据“Students worldwide will attend virtual classes using 3D hologram technology.”可知，此处是说未来课堂不受物理空间限制，选项D“教室将不再受物理空间的限制”符合语境。故选D。 【28题详解】 根据“AI teachers will provide personalized learning plans based on each student’s progress.”以及“Paper books might still be used for special learning purposes. Face-to-face communication remains important for developing social skills.”可知，此处是说传统学校不会完全消失，选项C “然而，传统学校不会完全消失” 符合语境。故选C。 【29题详解】 根据“Smart homes equipped with energy-saving AI systems will automatically adjust lighting and temperature. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind will power entire cities.”以及“Additionally, vertical farms in skyscrapers will produce fresh vegetables for urban areas.”可知，此处是举例说明可再生能源在社区的应用，选项A “例如，屋顶太阳能电池板和风力路灯将成为社区的标准配置” 符合语境。故选A。 【30题详解】 根据“Surprisingly, people may eat lab-grown meat to protect natural resources.”可知，此处是说这些创新对能源等方面的积极影响，选项F“专家认为，到2045年，这些创新将使全球能源浪费减少一半”符合语境。故选F。 信息匹配 下面A–F分别是六个和动物相关成语，请你根据下面五个同学的故事，请为他们选择一个合适的成语描述其基本情况。 ____31____. Lily joined the dance club. She knew every move and felt completely relaxed and happy. It was her favorite place to be. ____32____. Tom’s simple drawing of a flower looked great. But when he added too many colors, it became messy and less beautiful. ____33____. By choosing to cycle to school daily, Anna got exercise every day and also saved money on the bus fare. It was very efficient. ____34____. Ben grew up in a small village. When he first visited the city, he was amazed by its size and modern wonders. ____35____. Math was challenging for Jack. To understand better, he always studied the lesson before class started, which helped him keep up. A. A slow bird must start flying early. B. The fox borrows the tiger’s power. C Like a fish in water. D. One arrow, two eagles. E. Draw legs on a snake. F. A frog at the bottom of a well. 【答案】31. C 32. E 33. D 34. F 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是根据五个同学的故事为他们匹配合适的与动物相关的成语。 【31题详解】 根据“Lily joined the dance club. She knew every move and felt completely relaxed and happy. It was her favorite place to be.”可知，莉莉加入了舞蹈俱乐部，她知道每一个动作，感到完全放松和快乐，这是她最喜欢的地方。选项C“如鱼得水”意思是好像鱼得到水一样，比喻有所凭借，也比喻得到跟自己十分投合的人或对自己很合适的环境，与之匹配。故选C。 【32题详解】 根据“Tom’s simple drawing of a flower looked great. But when he added too many colors, it became messy and less beautiful.”可知，汤姆简单画的一朵花看起来很棒，但当他添加了太多颜色时，它变得杂乱无章，不那么漂亮了。选项E“画蛇添足”意思是画蛇时给蛇添上脚，后比喻做了多余的事，非但无益，反而不合适，也比喻虚构事实，无中生有，与之匹配。故选E。 【33题详解】 根据“By choosing to cycle to school daily, Anna got exercise every day and also saved money on the bus fare. It was very efficient.”可知，安娜选择每天骑自行车上学，这样她每天都能锻炼身体，还能节省公交车费，效率很高。选项D“一箭双雕”意思是一箭射中两只雕，原指射箭技术高超，后比喻做一件事达到两个目的，与之匹配。故选D。 34题详解】 根据“Ben grew up in a small village. When he first visited the city, he was amazed by its size and modern wonders.”可知，本在一个小村庄长大，当他第一次访问这座城市时，他对它的大小和现代奇迹感到惊讶。选项F“井底之蛙”意思是指井底的青蛙认为天只有井口那么大，比喻那些见识短浅的人，与之匹配。故选F。 【35题详解】 根据“Math was challenging for Jack. To understand better, he always studied the lesson before class started, which helped him keep up.”可知，数学对杰克来说很有挑战性，为了更好地理解，他总是在上课前学习功课，这帮助他跟上进度。选项A“笨鸟先飞”意思是飞得慢的鸟要先行动，比喻做事慢、能力差的人，怕落后，就比别人先走一步，多用作谦辞，与之匹配。故选A。 第二部分 非选择题（25分） III. 语法填空（每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。 Embroidery (刺绣) is created by any of the cultures located in the area that makes up modern China. Chinese embroidery is an art that dates all ____36____ way back to the Han dynasty between 206BC and 220AD. It ____37____ (know) as silk embroidery, too. China was the first country ____38____ (sew) silk. In ____39____ (it) oldest form, Xianqian technique involved weaving the silk thread onto the silk fabric (绸缎). In 1958, a piece of silk embroidered with a dragon and phoenix was discovered in a Chinese tomb from the Warring States Period (475–221BC), which showcased exceptional craftsmanship. At over 2,000 years old, it represents one of ____40____ (early) recorded examples of Chinese embroidery. More than 2,000 years old, it is the piece of Chinese embroidery ever unearthed. In the Tang and Song dynasties, embroidery was ____41____ (wide) used, growing more exquisite in technique and richer in color. It played a key role in the ____42____ (create) of paintings, calligraphy, and decorative art. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, both palace and folk embroidery experienced significant development, _____43_____ (give) rise to the “Five Great Embroideries”. Nowadays, embroidered patterns have been used on daily items ____44____ quilt covers, pillowcases, and shoe uppers. Throughout history, with the development of human civilization, this unconscious thread ____45____ (develop) gradually into the embroidery that people need. 【答案】36. the 37. is known 38. to sew 39. its 40. the earliest 41. widely 42. creation 43. giving 44. like 45. has developed 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国刺绣。 【36题详解】 句意：中国刺绣是一门艺术，可以一直追溯到公元前206年至公元220年的汉代。“dates all the way back” 是固定搭配，意为“一直追溯到”。这里指刺绣艺术可追溯到汉朝，故填the。 【37题详解】 句意：它也被称作丝绣。主语“It”与动词“know”是被动关系，需用被动语态“be+过去分词”。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，be动词填is，动词填过去分词。故填is known。 【38题详解】 句意：中国是第一个缝制丝绸的国家。名词前有序数词“the first”修饰时，需用不定式作后置定语，表示“第一个做某事的”，故填to sew。 【39题详解】 句意：在其最古老的形式中，线嵌技法涉及将丝线编织到丝绸织物上。设空处修饰名词“oldest form”，需用形容词性物主代词its“它的”，故填its。 【40题详解】 句意：它代表了最早记录的中国刺绣实例之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，因此填最高级。故填the earliest。 【41题详解】 句意：在唐宋时期，刺绣被广泛使用，技术越来越精湛，色彩也越来越丰富。设空处修饰动词“used”，需用副词widely“广泛地”，故填widely。 【42题详解】 句意：它在绘画、书法和装饰艺术的创作中发挥了关键作用。句子指“在绘画、书法和装饰艺术的创作中”，且设空处前有定冠词“the”，需用名词creation，故填creation。 【43题详解】 句意：明清时期，宫廷刺绣和民间刺绣都有了长足的发展，形成了“五大绣”。需用现在分词短语作状语，表示“导致”。现在分词“giving”与“rise to”搭配，意为“导致了……的兴起”。故填giving。 【44题详解】 句意：如今，刺绣图案已被用于被套、枕套和鞋面等日常用品上。设空处列举日常物品，需用介词like“例如”，故填like。 【45题详解】 句意：这种无意识的线逐渐发展成了人们需要的刺绣。设空处需用现在完成时“has/have+过去分词”，表示动作从过去持续到现在，主语为“this unconscious thread”，助动词填has，动词填过去分词。故填has developed。 IV. 书面表达 (15分) 46. 为了增强同学们对野生动物的保护意识，你校英文报正在举办主题为 “Saving Our Animal Friends” 的征文活动。请你作为学校“生物探秘”兴趣小组的一员，介绍一种你们小组关注的濒危动物： 1、简要描述该动物（如：外形特征、生活习性、栖息地等）； 2、说明其濒危的主要原因及现状； 3、提出至少两条保护该动物的具体措施。 要求：1.表达完整，减少语误；书写规范，卷面整洁； 2.可适当增加细节，以使语句通顺、条理清楚、意义连贯； 3.词数不少于80；开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Saving Our Animal Friends In our Biology Explorers Club we are deeply concerned about the endangered animals around the world. One animal that particularly worries us is _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： 基础版 In our Biology Explorers Club, we are deeply concerned about the endangered animals around the world. One animal that particularly worries us is the Asian elephant. These gentle giants have grey skin, big ears, and long trunks. They live in forests and grasslands in Asia, often traveling in groups. They eat plants, fruits, and sometimes crops. However, their survival is threatened. Human activities, such as cutting forests for farming and building roads, destroy their habitats. Worse still, illegal hunting for ivory continues, despite strict laws. Now, only about 50,000 Asian elephants remain in the wild. To protect them, governments should create more nature reserves and strengthen anti-poaching laws. Meanwhile, raising public awareness about refusing ivory products is crucial. Let’s act now before these magnificent creatures disappear forever! 进阶版 In our Biology Explorers Club, we are deeply concerned about the endangered animals around the world. One animal that particularly worries us is the Asian elephant, an endangered species we focus on. With grey, wrinkled skin and a long trunk, these gentle giants live in forests and grasslands across Asia. They eat plants, use their trunks to drink, and travel in herds, showing strong family bonds. However, Asian elephants are facing serious dangers. Their habitats are shrinking due to deforestation and farming expansion. Also, illegal hunting for ivory still exists despite international bans. What’s worse, when elephants destroy crops or villages, which sometimes causes conflicts with humans so locals might hurt or kill them. Now, only about 50,000 Asian elephants remain in the wild, and their number keeps dropping. To protect them, we must take action. Governments should build more nature reserves and strictly punish poachers. Schools and communities can organize activities to teach people about elephant conservation. For example, in Yunnan, local projects teach farmers to grow crops that elephants dislike, reducing human-elephant conflicts. Every creature matters on Earth. Let’s work together to save Asian elephants before it’s too late! 【解析】 【详解】为“基础版”作解析 [总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为一般现在时； ③提示：文章围绕亚洲象展开，清楚地讲了它的特点、遇到的危险和保护措施，内容连贯，没有漏掉重要信息。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍亚洲象的基本属性和外形特征，它是生物探索俱乐部关注的全球濒危动物之一，有着灰皮肤、大耳朵和长鼻子。​ 第二步，说明亚洲象的生活环境与面临的威胁，它们生活在亚洲的森林和草原，成群活动且以植物、水果和庄稼为食，但人类砍树种地、修路破坏了栖息地，非法猎取象牙也让它们处境危险，如今野外仅存约 5 万头。​ 第三步，提出保护亚洲象的具体措施，政府要建立更多自然保护区、加强反偷猎法律，公众也要提高拒绝象牙制品的意识。 [亮点词汇] ①around the world全世界 ②endangered animals濒危动物 ③nature reserves自然保护区 ④anti-poaching laws反偷猎法律 [高分句型] ①One animal that particularly worries us is the Asian elephant.（that引导的定语从句） ②Human activities, such as cutting forests for farming and building roads, destroy their habitats.（用 such as举例说明破坏大象家园的人类活动） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$