Unit 4 Exploring poetry（重难词汇精练）英语译林版2020选择必修第一册

Unit 4 Exploring poetry重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 1 题型三、一词多用 2 题型四、单句语法填空 4 题型五、单词拼写 4 题型六、完成句子 7 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一、语篇语法填空 11 题型二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1．_____________ adj.结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的→_____________ adj.冰冻的；极冷的→_____________ vt.& vi.(使)结冰 n．冻结 2．_____________ vt.解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎 vi.口译→_____________ n．口译工作者；口译译员 3．_____________ n．耐心，忍耐力→_____________ adj.忍耐的；有耐心的 n．患者；病人→_____________ adv.耐心地 4．_____________ adv.始终，一直→_____________ adj.持续不断的；重复的 n．常数；常量 5．_____________ adj.符合逻辑的；必然的；合乎情理的→_____________ adv.逻辑上；符合逻辑地 6．_____________ n．现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历→_____________ adj.真实的→_____________ adv.真正地；实际上 7．_____________ n．小说家→_____________ n．小说 adj.新颖的 8．_____________ n．稳定(性)，稳固(性)→_____________ adj.稳定的；稳固的；牢固的 9．_____________ adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→_____________ n．宽容；忍耐力→_____________ vt.容许；忍受；能经受 10．_____________ vt.& vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众→_____________ adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的 11．_____________ adj.典型的，有代表性的 n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表→_____________ vt.代表；描绘 12．_____________ vt.给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格→_____________ n．标题，职称，头衔 vt.加标题，定题目 【答案】1. frozen, freezing, freeze 2. interpret, interpreter 3. patience, patient, patiently 4. constantly, constant 5. logical, logically 6. reality, real, really 7. novelist, novel 8. stability, stable 9. tolerant, tolerance, tolerate 10. distinguish, distinguished 11. representative, represent 12. entitle, title 题型二、核心短语 1．_____________发现，搜集，查明 2．_____________把……放一边；留出 3．_____________与某事终止关联，破除 4．_____________体谅；考虑到，估计到 5．_____________某人不能理解，把握不住 6．_____________唯恐，以免于 7．_____________让某人熟悉…… 8．_____________根源在于；植根于 9．_____________对……有影响 10．_____________给……注入活力 11．_____________使……有别于…… 12．_____________是……的代表，是……的典型 【答案】1. dig up 2. set sth. aside 3. break with sth. 4. make allowance for 5. beyond one’s grasp 6. for fear of 7. familiarize oneself with 8. be rooted in 9. have an impact on 10. breathe vitality into 11. distinguish …from.., 12. be representative of 题型三、一词多用 frozen 1.The scene that on a night，the little girl was to death on the street was vivid in my mind.(freeze) 2/With winter approaching，the temperature drops below (freeze)． 3.The couple stared at the bear，frozen horror. 【答案】1. freezing, frozen, frozen 2. freezing 3. with/in interpret 1.I had no idea whether I should interpret the critic’s silence acceptance or refusal. 2.As an English major，my part-time job this vacation is interpreting the visitors. 3.As for my future career，I am determined to be an .(interpret) 【答案】1. as 2. for 3. interpret patience 1.Don’t lose (patient) with (patient)！As a nurse，you should be patient them all the time. 2.You must have the patience (overcome) the obstacles if you want to realize your dream. 3. The old man walked around and helped us .(patient) 【答案】1. patience , patients, with 2.to overcome 3. patiently set sth. aside 1.Having said goodbye to their friends，they set for the famous park. 2.Since the new stadium was set ，we have held a wide range of sports events. 3.He will set all the important concepts when they are fresh in his mind. 4.As soon as she arrived home，she set tidying up the room. 【答案】1. off/out 2. up 3.down 4. about reward 1.When asked for his views about the exhibition，Philip said it was very interesting and (reward)． 2.Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai (reward) with the magnificent scenery. 3.The manager rewarded the staff who joined in the campaign ￡1,000 their efforts. 【答案】1. rewarding 2. was rewarded 3.with, for reality 1. reality，violent crime is rare in the remote urban area. 2.The scientists believe that the previous predictions that the Greek scholars made won’t turn reality. 3.You are always dreaming. L et us bring you back to (real)! 【答案】1. In 2. into 3.reality advocate 1.Many experts advocate (reward) the children for their good behavior. 2. It is apparent that he is advocate of the new policy. 3. In order to protect our environment，we advocate papers and plastics (should) be recycled and reused. 【答案】1. rewarding 2. an 3.that claim 1. is claimed that the new gallery to be completed next year can hold 5,000 people. 2.The company has made claim for damages caused by the delay(延误) of delivery. 3. His claim was he was the owner of the black car. 【答案】1. It 2. a 3. that tolerant 1.The stubborn chef is not very (tolerate) of opinions opposed to his own opinion. 2.The boy couldn’t tolerate other people’s (make) noises in the room，so he went out. 3.A wise man is able to have (tolerate) for other people’s perspectives. 【答案】1. tolerant 2.making 3.tolerance distinguish 1.As I grow up，I can distinguish good and evil. 2.He has already distinguished himself a composer，which makes his parents proud of him. 3.As we all know，the Tang Dynasty is distinguished Tang poems. 【答案】1. between 2. as 3.for representative 1.He created a system with patterns of six raised dots (represent) each letter. 2.The emperor was represented a villain(坏人) in the play. 3.The representatives of the district represented their opinions the authority. 【答案】1. representing 2. as 3.to owe 1.The successful novelist owed his outstanding achievements his mother. 2.I owe it to you we have made such a great breakthrough in architecture 3.The art exhibition was put off owing the bad weather. 【答案】1.to 2. that 3. to blame 1. (blame) by his teacher for carelessness，the boy was upset and depressed. 2.Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame the alarm clock. 3. It’s not appropriate to blame others your mistakes. 【答案】1. Blamed 2. on 3. for 题型四、单句语法填空 1．He explains every problem to his students with great (patient). 【答案】patience 【详解】考查名词。句意：他耐心地向学生解释每一个问题。great为形容词修饰名词，故填名词patience。 2．The two reports presented (contradict) findings, leaving us confused about the true situation. 【答案】contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这两份报告提出了相互矛盾的结论，使我们对真实情况感到困惑。修饰名词findings，应用形容词contradictory，作定语。故填contradictory。 3．The company is (constant) innovating, and its latest product is expected to be more profitable than its previous ones. 【答案】constantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：这家公司一直在不断创新，预计其最新产品将比之前的产品更具盈利性。修饰动词innovating，应用副词constantly。故填constantly。 4．You work hard on your lessons and your efforts (reward) with success in the end. 【答案】will be rewarded 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：你努力学习功课，你的努力最终会得到成功的回报。主语efforts与谓语构成被动关系，且动作发生在将来，用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be rewarded。 5．A note of criticism can (detect) from his remarks. 【答案】be detected 【详解】考查语态。句意：从他的话中可以看出批评的意味。detect作本句谓语，和主语A note of criticism之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空前是情态动词，所以be动词用原形。故填be detected。 6．This device helps make virtual (real) a more usable and accessible technology. 【答案】reality 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个设备有助于使虚拟现实成为一种更可用和更容易获得的技术。根据“make virtual”可知，空处需填名词作宾语，virtual reality表示“虚拟现实”，不可数，符合句意。故填reality。 7．Though science and technoogy has brought us a lot of benefits and convenience, the public hold apparently (contradict) attitudes towards the development of AI. 【答案】contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管科学技术给我们带来了很多好处和便利，但公众对人工智能的发展持有明显矛盾的态度。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰attitudes。contradictory意为“相互矛盾的，对立的”。故填contradictory。 8．Set some time to write every day, even if it is only five minutes. 【答案】aside 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：每天留出一些时间来写作，即使只有五分钟。由“some time to write every day, even if it is only five minutes”可知，句子表示“每天留出一些时间来写作，即使只有五分钟”，set aside是固定短语，意为“留出”，因此空格处是aside。故填aside。 9．Many workmates consider the manager’s idea to be of (logical) and construction. 【答案】logicality 【详解】考查名词。句意：许多同事认为经理的想法很有逻辑性，很有条理。设空处作介词to的宾语，应用名词的形式，表示抽象概念为不可数名词。故填logicality。 10．Cultivating a plant in space is just one part of a (complex)and larger effort. 【答案】more complex 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：在太空中种植植物只是一项更复杂和更大努力的一部分，根据上文“ Cultivating a plant in space(在太空中种植植物)”以及“ larger”可知，此处是把在太空种植植物和在地球上种植植物进行比较，应用形容词的比较级。故填 more complex。 11．As a leading (novel), Tom has got a lot of attention and is enjoying a good reputation. 【答案】novelist 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名顶尖的小说家，汤姆备受关注且享有良好声誉。空处作宾语，需用名词形式，表示“小说家”应用novelist，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填novelist。 12．She sighed despair at the thought of all the opportunities she had missed. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：一想到自己错过了那么多机会，她就绝望地叹了口气。根据“at the thought of all the opportunities she had missed”可知，此处指想到这个而绝望地叹气，应用固定搭配with despair表示“绝望地”。故填with。 13．But for the medical team’s efforts, more lives (claim) in this pandemic. 【答案】would have been claimed 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是医疗队的努力，这场大流行病会夺去更多的生命。这是一个含蓄虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句：主语 + should(would, could, might)+have done+其他。claim 意思是夺去，“生命”和“夺去”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填would have been claimed。 14．It is (believe) that the house was built in 1735. 【答案】believed 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：据信这座房子建于1735年。分析句子结构，It is believed that为固定短语，含义为“据信；人们认为”，符合句意，故填believed。 15．She (undergo) an operation in her left lung last year. 【答案】underwent 【详解】考查时态。句意：去年她做了左肺手术。分析句子结构，根据时间状语“last year(去年)”可知句子表达的是发生在过去的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填underwent。 16．It is widely acknowledged that we Chinese are global citizens interested in world (stable). 【答案】stability 【详解】考查名词。句意：众所周知，我们中国人是关心世界稳定的世界公民。空处应填名词stability作in的宾语，不可数，故填stability。 17． (represent) from 40 countries were present at the climate summit in Stockholm, Sweden. 【答案】Representatives 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：来自40个国家的代表出席了在瑞典斯德哥尔摩举行的气候峰会。根据from 40 countries可知，此处指多个国家的代表出席峰会，应用represent的名词复数形式representatives作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Representatives。 18． (fascinate) by the band’s amazing performance, the audience started to clap their hands to the music. 【答案】Fascinated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被乐队精彩的表演所吸引，观众开始随着音乐鼓掌。此处为非谓语动词作状语，fascinate意为“使着迷”与逻辑主语 the audience之间为被动关系，因此用形容词化的过去分词作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Fascinated。 19．The building’s modern style stands in (strike) contrast to the surrounding neighborhood. 【答案】striking 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座建筑的现代风格与周围社区形成鲜明对比。strike的形容词形式是 “striking”，表示 “显著的；引人注目的”作定语，修饰名词contrast。故填striking。 20．It is a (represent) of ink wash animation films. 【答案】representative 【详解】考查名词。句意：它是水墨动画电影的代表。设空前有a修饰，应用名词，representation强调某种表现或者描绘，representative强调某种典型或者例子，所以representative符合语意，故填representative。 题型五、单词拼写 1．The new sensor can (发现) even the slightest movement in the dark. 【答案】detect 【详解】考查动词。句意：这种新型传感器在黑暗中也能发现极其微小的运动。根据汉语提示，并结合句子主语“The new sensor(新的传感器)”以及句意可推知，应是动词“detect”，意思是“发现、察觉、检测”，特别适用于仪器或传感器。在句中“can detect”作谓语。故填detect。 2．During the fast-paced lecture, it was challenging to (掌握) all the main ideas, so I focused on taking clear notes to review later. 【答案】grasp 【详解】考查动词。句意：在节奏很快的讲座中，要掌握所有的主要观点很有挑战性，所以我集中精力做好清晰的笔记以便之后复习。根据汉语提示“掌握”，此处应用动词grasp，且“it is +形容词+ to do sth.”为固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，所以这里用动词原形grasp。故填grasp。 3．The key to his success is his (合乎逻辑的) mind. 【答案】logical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他成功的关键是他合乎逻辑的思维。根据汉语提示“合乎逻辑的”可知，空格处应用单词“logical”，意为“合乎逻辑的”，为形容词，作定语。故填logical。 4．The police are offering a big r for information about the robbery. 【答案】reward/eward 【详解】考查名词。句意：警方为获得抢劫案的线索悬赏一大笔钱。根据首字母提示r可知，应填名词reward“报酬，悬赏金”，作are offering的宾语，根据空前的a可知，应用单数形式。故填reward。 5．The r desert is accessible only by helicopter. 【答案】remote/emote 【详解】考查形容词。句意：只有直升机才能到达这片偏远的沙漠。根据单词首字母以及句意“偏远的”可知，空格处应用单词“remote”，意为“偏远的”，为形容词，作定语。故填remote。 6．The (复杂的) structure of the novel reflects the chaotic emotions of its protagonist. 【答案】complex 【详解】考查形容词。句意：小说的复杂结构反映了主人公混乱的情绪。根据所给汉语提示“复杂的”可知，此处应用形容词complex在句中作定语，修饰名词structure，故填complex。 7．Children who do badly in school tests often (看待) themselves to be failures. 【答案】perceive 【详解】考查动词。句意：在学校考试中表现不佳的孩子往往会认为自己是个失败者。根据汉语提示可知用动词perceive，根据上文often可知为一般现在时，主语为Children，谓语用原形。故填perceive。 8．Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with p . 【答案】patience/atience 【详解】考查名词。句意：每当我犯错时，老师都会耐心地指出它们。此处为名词作介词with的宾语，根据句意和提示的首字母“p”可知，此处应为名词patience意为“耐心”，with patience为固定搭配，意为“耐心地”。故填patience。 9．He made a lot of efforts in order to make his dream a (现实). 【答案】reality 【详解】考查名词。句意：他付出了大量的努力，以期将自己的梦想变为现实。根据汉语提示可知用单数名词reality，作宾语，故填reality。 10．The teacher taught his students how to identify (押韵) words in a poem. 【答案】rhyming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师教他的学生如何识别诗歌中的押韵词。“押韵”用动词rhyme表示，作定语，应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语words之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填rhyming。 11．What he did was c to what he had promised. He lost our trust. 【答案】contrary/ontrary/contradictory/ontradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的行为与他的承诺相反/相矛盾。他失去了我们的信任。根据所给首字母和句意可知，此处应用形容词“contrary相反的”或“contradictory相矛盾的”作表语，故填contrary/contradictory。 12．I keep getting c (contrary; logically opposite) advice - some people tell me to keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it. 【答案】contradictory/ontradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我一直得到相互矛盾的建议 —— 有些人告诉我要保暖，有些人则告诉我要冰敷。根据英文释义“contrary; logically opposite (相反的；逻辑上对立的)”以及首字母c可知，应填形容词contradictory，表示“相互矛盾的”，作定语修饰名词advice。故填 contradictory。 13．True friendship requires that friends t each other’s shortcomings as they grow together. 【答案】tolerate/olerate 【详解】考查动词。句意：真正的友谊要求朋友在共同成长的过程中容忍彼此的缺点。根据单词首字母以及句意“容忍”可知，空格处涉及单词“tolerate”，意为“容忍”，动词词性，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“friends”后接动词原形。故填tolerate。 14．She couldn’t t loud noises, so she always wore earplugs in crowded places. 【答案】tolerate/olerate 【详解】考查动词。句意：她无法忍受巨大的噪音，所以在拥挤的地方总是戴着耳塞。根据首字母“t”和语境可知，此处应用动词tolerate表示“忍受，容忍”，且情态动词couldn’t后接动词原形。故填tolerate。 15．More than 200 (代表) from different countries took part in the conference. 【答案】representatives 【详解】考查名词。句意：来自不同国家的200多名代表参加了会议。根据汉语提示可知是名词representative，可数名词，前面有More than 200修饰，应用复数形式，作主语，故填representatives。 16．There is a s (显著的) contrast between the past and the present. 【答案】striking/triking 【详解】考查形容词。句意：过去和现在有明显的对比。名词contrast前用形容词修饰。根据中英文提示及句意，形容词“显著的”英文为striking。故填striking。 17．Equipped with fluent oral English, she was chosen to be one of the r of our school to greet the exchange students from the UK. 【答案】representatives/epresentatives 【详解】考查名词。句意：凭借流利的英语口语，她被选为我校的代表之一，迎接来自英国的交换生。根据首字母提示，representative作可数名词，表示“代表”，由“one of”可知，空处应用名词复数，作宾语。故填representatives。 18．The rescue team (把……归功于) the survival of the trapped miners to their advanced technology and swift action. 【答案】owed 【详解】考查动词。句意：救援队将被困矿工的幸存归功于他们先进的技术和迅速的行动。根据提示的汉语可知，表示“把……归功于”应为owe，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填owed。 19．She wore a s (引人注目的) red dress to the party, immediately catching everyone’s attention. 【答案】striking/triking 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她穿着一件醒目的红裙子去参加晚会，立刻引起了大家的注意。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词striking“引人注目的”作定语修饰red dress，满足句意要求。故填striking。 20．Her first (遇到) with Tom was back in 1999. 【答案】encounter 【详解】考查名词。句意：她第一次遇见汤姆是在1999年。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填名词encounter“遇到”作主语，由was可知，应用单数形式。故填encounter。 题型六、完成句子 1．等了一小时公交后，她失去了耐心。 She after waiting for the bus for an hour. 【答案】 ran out of patience 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。中英文对比可知，空格处缺少“失去了耐心”，谓语动词“失去”应用动词短语run out of，“耐心”用名词patience作宾语，根据“after waiting for the bus for an hour”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，run的过去式为ran。故填ran out of patience。 2．他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。 They stared back, as to what they would say next. 【答案】their blank faces giving no clue 【详解】考查独立主格。根据句意和给的句式结构，They stared back为句子的主干部分，且该句中没有连词，故后半部分应用独立主格结构。their blank faces表示“他们面无表情的脸”，作独立主格结构中的逻辑主语；give no clue表示“没有提供线索”，give与其逻辑主语their blank faces构成主动关系，因此要用现在分词giving。故填their blank faces giving no clue。 3．我抑制不住内心的喜悦，蹦蹦跳跳地进了家门。 I couldn’t and jumped into the house. 【答案】contain my inner joy 【详解】考查短语。“抑制某人的喜悦”用短语contain one’s joy。“内心的”用形容词inner。情态动词couldn’t后接动词原形。根据句意，故填contain my inner joy。 4．这篇散文是一般中学生不能理解的。 This essay is an average high school student. 【答案】 beyond the grasp/reach of 【详解】考查介词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“不能理解的”，可用介词短语beyond the grasp of表示“超出某人的理解能力”，或beyond the reach of表示“超出某人的能力范围”，作表语。故填beyond the grasp/reach of。 5．虽然我很忙，我每天留出一个小时内锻炼。 Busy as I am, I an hour every day for exercise. 【答案】 set aside 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“留出（时间）”用set aside，根据an hour every day可知，本句描述经常或习惯性动作，时态用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语用动词原形。故填：set aside。 6．经过数周的努力，历史学家们已经挖掘出了证据，帮助解开这个百年之谜。 With weeks of efforts, the historians have evidence to help solve the century-old mystery. 【答案】 dug up 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“挖掘出”用dig up，此处用过去分词，与空前的have构成现在完成时，表示已经完成的动作。故填：dug up。 7．学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会以成功为回报的。 The students have been working hard on their studies and their efforts in the end. 【答案】will be rewarded with success 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“以……为回报”应用固定短语be rewarded with，结合“in the end”可知，使用一般将来时，表示“成功”应用success。故填will be rewarded with success。 8．借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。 Borrowers should think carefully before . 【答案】 taking out a loan 【详解】考查短语及非谓语。“借贷”常用短语take out a loan 。before为介词，后接动词时需用动名词形式，故填taking out a loan。 9．据说这个工厂有些工人每周工作60个小时。       some workers in the factory are working 60 hours a week. 【答案】 It’s claimed that 【详解】考查固定句型。“据说……”可用固定句型“It’s claimed that...”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，句中描述一般性事实用一般现在时态。故填It’s；claimed；that。 10．恐怕你不敢做这样的事。 I’m afraid you such a thing. 【答案】dare not do/daren’t do 【详解】考查dare的用法。dare意为“胆敢，敢于”，作情态动词，其后跟动词原形，其否定形式为daren’t/dare not do。故填dare not do/daren’t do。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （2024-2025学年高二下·浙江台州·期末） The ci poetry of the Song Dynasty, 1 (consider) one of China’s greatest literary achievements, flourished between the 10 and 13th centuries. Unlike earlier Tang poems, ci poems 2 (write) to fit existing tunes, which allowed poets greater freedom to express their deepest emotions through carefully chosen words and vivid imagery. Famous poets such as Su Shi and Li Oingzhao, 3 works represented the peak of Song Dynasty literature, not only mastered the ci form perfectly, 4 established standards for later generations. Su Shi’s heroic works often described splendid landscapes and ambitious ideals, while Li’s delicate poems focused on 5 (person) sorrows and the changing seasons. To fully appreciate ci, readers must understand its unique rhythm patterns called cipai, which determine 6 number of characters per line. Scholars have studied these complex patterns for centuries, and many universities now offer 7 (course) analyzing their musical and literary qualities. In modern times, ci continues to inspire new artistic creations. Many musicians have found creative ways to adapt ci poetry into beautiful songs, bringing this classical art form 8 wider audiences. The charm of ci has crossed national borders. An increasing number of international scholars are 9 (enthusiastic) translating these elegant poems into different languages, thus 10 (help) people around the world better understand and appreciate the profound Chinese cultural heritage. 【答案】1．considered 2．were written 3．whose 4．but 5．personal 6．the 7．courses 8．to 9．enthusiastically 10．helping 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了宋词的发展及影响。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：宋词被认为是中国最伟大的文学成就之一，在10 至13世纪蓬勃发展。句中已有谓语动词“ flourished”，故空处需填非谓语动词。“The ci poetry of the Song Dynasty”与“consider”之间为被动关系（宋词 “被认为”），故用过去分词作后置定语。故填considered。 2．考查动词时态和语态。句意：与早期的唐诗不同，宋词是为适配现存曲调而创作的，这让诗人能通过精心挑选的文字和生动的意象更自由地表达内心深处的情感。空处缺谓语动词，“ci poems”与“write”为被动关系（词 “被写”），且描述宋代的历史事实，用一般过去时。主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were written。 3．考查定语从句。句意：像苏轼和李清照这样的著名诗人，他们的作品代表了宋代文学的巅峰，不仅完美掌握了词的形式，还为后世树立了标准。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Famous poets”，关系词在从句中作“works”的定语，指 “诗人的作品”，用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 4．考查并列连词。句意同上。“not only...but (also)...”为固定搭配，表递进关系，also可省略。故填 but。 5．考查形容词。句意：苏轼的豪放作品常描绘壮丽山河与雄心壮志，而李清照的婉约词则聚焦个人哀愁与季节变迁。修饰名词“sorrows”需用形容词，“person”的形容词形式为 personal（个人的）。故填personal。 6．考查冠词。句意：要充分欣赏宋词，读者必须理解其独特的韵律模式 “词牌”，它决定了每行的字数。“the number of + 复数名词” 表示“…… 的数量”，为固定搭配；“the number of characters” 在此特指词牌规定的字数。故填the。 7．考查名词单复数。句意：学者们研究这些复杂的模式已有数百年，如今许多大学开设课程分析其音乐性和文学性。“course”为可数名词，“many universities”表明课程不止一门，用复数形式。故填 courses。 8．考查介词。句意：许多音乐家创造性地将宋词改编为优美的歌曲，将这一古典艺术形式带给更广泛的观众。“bring sth. to sb.”表示 “把某物带给某人”，为固定搭配。故填to。 9．考查副词。句意：越来越多的国际学者正热情地将这些典雅的诗词翻译成不同语言，从而帮助世界各地的人们更好地理解和欣赏深厚的中国文化遗产。修饰动词 “translating”需用副词，“enthusiastic”的副词形式为enthusiastically。故填enthusiastically。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。“thus” 后接分词作结果状语，“scholars are translating”与“help”为主动关系，用现在分词。故填helping。 题型二、应用文写作 （2024-2025学年高二下·河北邢台·阶段练习）假定你是李华，你的英国好友Peter准备参加中文诗歌朗诵大赛，他写信询问你的建议，请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.推荐诗歌作品，简单介绍 2.推荐原因 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Peter, Delighted to learn that you’re going to take part in the Chinese poetry recitation competition, I’m eager to share my recommendations. I highly suggest Thoughts in the Silent Night written by Li Bai, one of the most renowned poets in Chinese history. This short poem, made up of only 20 Chinese characters, well expresses a traveler’s strong feeling of homesickness when gazing at the moonlight. The reason why it’s a great choice is that its words are easy to understand but still powerful. The poem has a rhythm, and its deep emotions can easily move the audience. Because the idea of missing home is something everyone can relate to, you can easily share the poem’s feelings with others. I’m sure you’ll shine with it on stage! Wish you success! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友Peter回信，向他推荐中文诗歌作品、简单介绍并说明推荐原因。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：take part in→participate in 比赛：competition→contest 著名的：renowned→famous 由……构成：(be) made up of→consist of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I highly suggest Thoughts in the Silent Night written by Li Bai, one of the most renowned poets in Chinese history. 拓展句：I highly suggest Thoughts in the Silent Night written by Li Bai, who is one of the most renowned poets in Chinese history. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This short poem, made up of only 20 Chinese characters, well expresses a traveler’s strong feeling of homesickness when gazing at the moonlight.（运用了过去分词作定语和状语从句的省略） 【高分句型2】The reason why it’s a great choice is that its words are easy to understand but still powerful.（运用了why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句） 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Exploring poetry重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 1 题型三、一词多用 2 题型四、单句语法填空 4 题型五、单词拼写 4 题型六、完成句子 4 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型一、语篇语法填空 6 题型二、应用文写作 6 题型一、词性转换 1．_____________ adj.结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的→_____________ adj.冰冻的；极冷的→_____________ vt.& vi.(使)结冰 n．冻结 2．_____________ vt.解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎 vi.口译→_____________ n．口译工作者；口译译员 3．_____________ n．耐心，忍耐力→_____________ adj.忍耐的；有耐心的 n．患者；病人→_____________ adv.耐心地 4．_____________ adv.始终，一直→_____________ adj.持续不断的；重复的 n．常数；常量 5．_____________ adj.符合逻辑的；必然的；合乎情理的→_____________ adv.逻辑上；符合逻辑地 6．_____________ n．现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历→_____________ adj.真实的→_____________ adv.真正地；实际上 7．_____________ n．小说家→_____________ n．小说 adj.新颖的 8．_____________ n．稳定(性)，稳固(性)→_____________ adj.稳定的；稳固的；牢固的 9．_____________ adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→_____________ n．宽容；忍耐力→_____________ vt.容许；忍受；能经受 10．_____________ vt.& vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众→_____________ adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的 11．_____________ adj.典型的，有代表性的 n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表→_____________ vt.代表；描绘 12．_____________ vt.给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格→_____________ n．标题，职称，头衔 vt.加标题，定题目 题型二、核心短语 1．_____________发现，搜集，查明 2．_____________把……放一边；留出 3．_____________与某事终止关联，破除 4．_____________体谅；考虑到，估计到 5．_____________某人不能理解，把握不住 6．_____________唯恐，以免于 7．_____________让某人熟悉…… 8．_____________根源在于；植根于 9．_____________对……有影响 10．_____________给……注入活力 11．_____________使……有别于…… 12．_____________是……的代表，是……的典型 题型三、一词多用 frozen 1.The scene that on a night，the little girl was to death on the street was vivid in my mind.(freeze) 2/With winter approaching，the temperature drops below (freeze)． 3.The couple stared at the bear，frozen horror. interpret 1.I had no idea whether I should interpret the critic’s silence acceptance or refusal. 2.As an English major，my part-time job this vacation is interpreting the visitors. 3.As for my future career，I am determined to be an .(interpret) patience 1.Don’t lose (patient) with (patient)！As a nurse，you should be patient them all the time. 2.You must have the patience (overcome) the obstacles if you want to realize your dream. 3. The old man walked around and helped us .(patient) set sth. aside 1.Having said goodbye to their friends，they set for the famous park. 2.Since the new stadium was set ，we have held a wide range of sports events. 3.He will set all the important concepts when they are fresh in his mind. 4.As soon as she arrived home，she set tidying up the room. reward 1.When asked for his views about the exhibition，Philip said it was very interesting and (reward)． 2.Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai (reward) with the magnificent scenery. 3.The manager rewarded the staff who joined in the campaign ￡1,000 their efforts. reality 1. reality，violent crime is rare in the remote urban area. 2.The scientists believe that the previous predictions that the Greek scholars made won’t turn reality. 3.You are always dreaming. L et us bring you back to (real)! advocate 1.Many experts advocate (reward) the children for their good behavior. 2. It is apparent that he is advocate of the new policy. 3. In order to protect our environment，we advocate papers and plastics (should) be recycled and reused. claim 1. is claimed that the new gallery to be completed next year can hold 5,000 people. 2.The company has made claim for damages caused by the delay(延误) of delivery. 3. His claim was he was the owner of the black car. tolerant 1.The stubborn chef is not very (tolerate) of opinions opposed to his own opinion. 2.The boy couldn’t tolerate other people’s (make) noises in the room，so he went out. 3.A wise man is able to have (tolerate) for other people’s perspectives. distinguish 1.As I grow up，I can distinguish good and evil. 2.He has already distinguished himself a composer，which makes his parents proud of him. 3.As we all know，the Tang Dynasty is distinguished Tang poems. representative 1.He created a system with patterns of six raised dots (represent) each letter. 2.The emperor was represented a villain(坏人) in the play. 3.The representatives of the district represented their opinions the authority. owe 1.The successful novelist owed his outstanding achievements his mother. 2.I owe it to you we have made such a great breakthrough in architecture 3.The art exhibition was put off owing the bad weather. blame 1. (blame) by his teacher for carelessness，the boy was upset and depressed. 2.Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame the alarm clock. 3. It’s not appropriate to blame others your mistakes. 题型四、单句语法填空 1．He explains every problem to his students with great (patient). 2．The two reports presented (contradict) findings, leaving us confused about the true situation. 3．The company is (constant) innovating, and its latest product is expected to be more profitable than its previous ones. 4．You work hard on your lessons and your efforts (reward) with success in the end. 5．A note of criticism can (detect) from his remarks. 6．This device helps make virtual (real) a more usable and accessible technology. 7．Though science and technoogy has brought us a lot of benefits and convenience, the public hold apparently (contradict) attitudes towards the development of AI. 8．Set some time to write every day, even if it is only five minutes. 9．Many workmates consider the manager’s idea to be of (logical) and construction. 10．Cultivating a plant in space is just one part of a (complex)and larger effort. 11．As a leading (novel), Tom has got a lot of attention and is enjoying a good reputation. 12．She sighed despair at the thought of all the opportunities she had missed. 13．But for the medical team’s efforts, more lives (claim) in this pandemic. 14．It is (believe) that the house was built in 1735. 15．She (undergo) an operation in her left lung last year. 16．It is widely acknowledged that we Chinese are global citizens interested in world (stable). 17． (represent) from 40 countries were present at the climate summit in Stockholm, Sweden. 18． (fascinate) by the band’s amazing performance, the audience started to clap their hands to the music. 19．The building’s modern style stands in (strike) contrast to the surrounding neighborhood. 20．It is a (represent) of ink wash animation films. 题型五、单词拼写 1．The new sensor can (发现) even the slightest movement in the dark. 2．During the fast-paced lecture, it was challenging to (掌握) all the main ideas, so I focused on taking clear notes to review later. 3．The key to his success is his (合乎逻辑的) mind. 4．The police are offering a big r for information about the robbery. 5．The r desert is accessible only by helicopter. 6．The (复杂的) structure of the novel reflects the chaotic emotions of its protagonist. 7．Children who do badly in school tests often (看待) themselves to be failures. 8．Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with p . 9．He made a lot of efforts in order to make his dream a (现实). 10．The teacher taught his students how to identify (押韵) words in a poem. 11．What he did was c to what he had promised. He lost our trust. 12．I keep getting c (contrary; logically opposite) advice - some people tell me to keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it. 13．True friendship requires that friends t each other’s shortcomings as they grow together. 14．She couldn’t t loud noises, so she always wore earplugs in crowded places. 15．More than 200 (代表) from different countries took part in the conference. 16．There is a s (显著的) contrast between the past and the present. 17．Equipped with fluent oral English, she was chosen to be one of the r of our school to greet the exchange students from the UK. 18．The rescue team (把……归功于) the survival of the trapped miners to their advanced technology and swift action. 19．She wore a s (引人注目的) red dress to the party, immediately catching everyone’s attention. 20．Her first (遇到) with Tom was back in 1999. 题型六、完成句子 1．等了一小时公交后，她失去了耐心。 She after waiting for the bus for an hour. 2．他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。 They stared back, as to what they would say next. 3．我抑制不住内心的喜悦，蹦蹦跳跳地进了家门。 I couldn’t and jumped into the house. 4．这篇散文是一般中学生不能理解的。 This essay is an average high school student. 5．虽然我很忙，我每天留出一个小时内锻炼。 Busy as I am, I an hour every day for exercise. 6．经过数周的努力，历史学家们已经挖掘出了证据，帮助解开这个百年之谜。 With weeks of efforts, the historians have evidence to help solve the century-old mystery. 7．学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会以成功为回报的。 The students have been working hard on their studies and their efforts in the end. 8．借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。 Borrowers should think carefully before . 9．据说这个工厂有些工人每周工作60个小时。       some workers in the factory are working 60 hours a week. 10．恐怕你不敢做这样的事。 I’m afraid you such a thing. 题型一、语篇语法填空 （2024-2025学年高二下·浙江台州·期末） The ci poetry of the Song Dynasty, 1 (consider) one of China’s greatest literary achievements, flourished between the 10 and 13th centuries. Unlike earlier Tang poems, ci poems 2 (write) to fit existing tunes, which allowed poets greater freedom to express their deepest emotions through carefully chosen words and vivid imagery. Famous poets such as Su Shi and Li Oingzhao, 3 works represented the peak of Song Dynasty literature, not only mastered the ci form perfectly, 4 established standards for later generations. Su Shi’s heroic works often described splendid landscapes and ambitious ideals, while Li’s delicate poems focused on 5 (person) sorrows and the changing seasons. To fully appreciate ci, readers must understand its unique rhythm patterns called cipai, which determine 6 number of characters per line. Scholars have studied these complex patterns for centuries, and many universities now offer 7 (course) analyzing their musical and literary qualities. In modern times, ci continues to inspire new artistic creations. Many musicians have found creative ways to adapt ci poetry into beautiful songs, bringing this classical art form 8 wider audiences. The charm of ci has crossed national borders. An increasing number of international scholars are 9 (enthusiastic) translating these elegant poems into different languages, thus 10 (help) people around the world better understand and appreciate the profound Chinese cultural heritage. 题型二、应用文写作 （2024-2025学年高二下·河北邢台·阶段练习）假定你是李华，你的英国好友Peter准备参加中文诗歌朗诵大赛，他写信询问你的建议，请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1.推荐诗歌作品，简单介绍 2.推荐原因 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$