Unit 5 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures（课件）英语人教版2019必修第一册

Discovering Useful Structures Unit 5 Languages Around the World 人教版2019选择性必修第一册 Learning Objectives Understand the forms and meanings of restrictive relative clauses starting with “when, where, why, and prep+which”. Understand the basic functions of restrictive relative clauses starting with “when, where, why and prep+which”. Identify the difference between the usages of relative adverbs and relative pronouns. . Contents 01. Lead in 02. Presentation 03. Practice 04. Summary 05. Assessment 06. Homework 01. Lead-in ✎ Lead-in ✎ simplified Chinese characters(简体字) Task 1：Review: What is a restrictive clause?structure? 在复合句中, 修饰某一 _____ 或 _____ 的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 _______ , 定语从句一般放在先行词的_____ , 引导定语从句的词叫做 _______。 先行词 后面 关系词 名词 代词 先行词 关系词 定语从句 + + 关系代词 关系副词 ? （which, who, whom…） （where, when, why） ✎ Lead-in ✎ simplified Chinese characters(简体字) Task 2：Read and Observe There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. (Para.1, L2-3) ...the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. (Para.2, L2-4) Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to... (Para.3, L3-7) Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. (Para.4, L1-2) The basic form of RRC: Noun/Pronoun+[linking word+other elements] RRC when, where, why, prep+which... simplified Chinese characters(简体字) Task 3：Learn Relative Adverbs time 时间状语 place reason 地点状语 原因状语 作状语，即从句成分齐全，不缺主，宾，表，定语。 引导定语从句的关系副词包括when, where, why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。 The time when I arrived. The mines where I worked. The reason why I got a job. 关系副词 指代 在从句中充当的成分 例句 when where why ✎ Lead-in ✎ 02. Presentation Look at these sentences and underline the restrictive relative clauses. What kind of information does each clause communicate? P64 It was a time when people were divided geographically. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Presentation Task 1：识别关系副词引导的从句结构 Presentation Eg：I still remember the days when we swam together in the river. 总结关系副词的作用： 指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词 连接主句和从句 在从句中充当句子成分—状语 先行词 （表示时间） 关系副词 （作状语） 定语从句 Task 2：归纳关系副词的核心功能 Presentation 关系副词 先行词 功能 when 先行词通常为表示时间的名词，如time、day、occasion 等。 作时间状语 where 先行词通常为表示具体或抽象地点的名词，如place、position、situation、point 等。 作地点状语 why 先行词通常为 reason(s)。 作原因状语 关系副词当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。 Presentation 关系代词VS关系副词 表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时, 关系词在定语从句中作状语时, 用关系副词; 若关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语时, 则用关系代词。 方法： 分析从句句子成分 缺_____，_____, _____ 选择___________ 缺_____，选择____________ 主语 宾语 定语 关系代词 状语 关系副词 Task 3：区分关系代词与关系副词 Presentation =介词(at, in, on, during等)+which = on which =in which 一、关系副词引导定语从句 1. when 的引导定语从句 when 表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语， 其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如 time, day, hour, year 等 。 We will never forget the day when we paid a visit to Beijing. 我们永远忘不了参观北京的那一天。 It was the year when the World War I broke out . 第一次世界大战爆发的那一年。 Presentation 【注意】当先行词是时间名词时，定语从句看关系词在句中的成分确定，如作状语，则用when 引导；如关系词作主语或宾语，则用that 或which 引导。e.g. Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night? 你还记得我们彻夜聊天的那些日子吗？ Do you remember the days that /which we spent together on the farm? 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？ 状语 宾语 总结：当先行词指______，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。 时间 Presentation 2. where 的引导定语从句 where 表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如 place, factory, house, village 等 。 I want to know the place where I was born . 我想了解我出生的地方。 The table where she is sitting is a new one. 她坐的那张桌子是新的。 =介词(in, at等)+which =in which =at which Presentation 【注意】① 当先行词是地点名词时，关系词在定语从句作主语或宾语，则用that 或which 引导。e.g. This is the house which /that was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 这是我爷爷40年前建造的房子。 ② 当 position, point, case, stage, situation, atmosphere 等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若从句中缺少状语，则用where 来引导定语从句。 It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子们放到一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中，这对他们有帮助。 主语 状语 总结：当先行词指______，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。 地点 Presentation 3. why 的引导定语从句 why 表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词往往是表示理由的名词 reason。 I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday. 我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。 I know the reason why he said it. 我知道他说这个的原因。 =for+which =for which =for which Presentation 【注意】若先行词 reason 的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用 that 或 which 引导定语从句。 I won’t listen to the reason that /which you have given us. 我不会听你提供给我们的那个理由。 宾语 总结：当先行词指原因，一般是______,且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用why引导。 reason Presentation 1. Canada is a country _____________ both English and French are spoken. 2. Canada is the country ____________ we visited last year. 3. I can still remember those days _________ I was learning a foreign language. 4. I can still remember those days ______________ I spent with my grandparents. 5. This is the reason _______ he finds Spanish so difficult. 6. The reason _______________ he gave for his lateness was traffic jam. where/in which which/that/省略 when that/which/省略 why that/which/省略 【即学即练】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。 Presentation 二、介词选择的三个原则 “一先”，即根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来确定介词。 “二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定介词。 “三意义”，即根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。 技巧点拨: 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句时, 如先行词是人, 关系代词只能为whom。 如先行词是物, 关系代词只能为which。 Presentation 关系副词 先行词 在从句中作成分 相当于 where when why 地点名词 地点状语 时间名词 时间状语 reason 原因状语 in, at等介词+which at, in, on, during等介词+which for+which Presentation 1.根据先行词的搭配关系： 1) I still remember the day _______ _______ I met TFboys. 2) I will never forget the farm _______ ______ I worked with you. I will never forget the farm. I worked with you on the farm. 3) The money _______ _______ you were to buy food is gone. The money is gone. You were to buy food with money. 介词的确定 (on the day 在那天) on which I still remember the day. I met TFboys on the day. (on the farm 在农场) on which (with the money 用钱) with which Presentation 介词的确定 ②根据谓语动词或形容词的搭配习惯 Do you like the book _______ _______ she spent $10? 2) Do you like the book _______ _______ she paid $10? 3) The West Lake, _______ _______ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. spend on sth on which pay for for which famous for for which Presentation 介词的确定 ③根据句子的意思来确定 Air, _________ which man can’t live, is really important. 空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。 2) This is the man _______ whom my brother has worked for ten years. 这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。 without with Presentation 【即学即练】用介词 ＋ 关系代词填空。 1. Who is the person _______ _______ you just shook hands? 2. China is a powerful country, _______ _______ we are proud. 3. This is the tree _______ _______ we used to play games. 4. This is my glasses, _______ _______ I can’t see clearly. 5. Do you remember the day _______ _______ you joined our club? with whom of which under which without which on which 03. Practice Practice When I started studying German, it was a struggle. The words felt strange on my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head. I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country _______________ German was spoken. My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future. It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow. And I remember that day _______________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. It felt like my brain had doubled in size. I had finally come to a place _______________ I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view. I felt as if I had reached the goal ___________ I had been fighting for. I could open a book and see meanings, not just a sea of words. I finally understood the reason _______________ my mum had encouraged me not to give up. Thanks, Mum! where/in which when/on which where which/that why 1.Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. P64 Practice My best friend, Annie, lives in a town in France 1. __________ scenery is very beautiful. She has a big apartment 2._________ overlooks a river. The school 3.________ she works is very close to her apartment. Annie studied French at university and this is the reason 4.________ she decided to settle down in France. Last summer she invited me to stay with her. I still remember the day 5._______ I arrived at the town. I was totally amazed by its beauty. One day, I met one of Annie’s students 6.___________ is called Sophie. She said she hoped to study in a country 7.________ she could communicate with more native English speakers. We went to a nearby beach 8.__________ there was a music festival. We had great fun. The journey was really wonderful. whose which/that where why when who/that where where 2.Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns.P64 04. Summary Summary 定语从句三步解体法： 一、划出定语从句； 二、判断关系词在从句中做的成分———主宾表：关系代词；状：关系副词 三、根据先行词确定关系词 定 语 从 句 的 引 导 词 关系代词 关系副词 指人 指物 that(主语/宾语/表语), which(主语/宾语),who(主语/宾语), whom(宾语), whose(定语)，as(主语/宾语/表语) that(主语、宾语), which(主语、宾语), whose(定语) where (地点状语) when (时间状语) why (原因状语) Ps:关系词在从句中做状语时，连接词有时可以用介词+which/whom来替换关系副词 05. Assessment Assessment Learning Objectives Score(1-5) 1. I can understand the form, meanings and functions of Restrictive Relative Clause starting with “when, where, why and prep+which”. 2. I have mastered the basic usage (基本用法) of RRC starting with “when, where, why and prep+which”. 3. I can tell the difference between relative adverbs (关系副词) and relative pronouns (关系代词). 5-完全能；4-基本能；3-不确定；2不太能；1-完全不能 06.Homework Homework I.对比填空(每空一词)。 1．①This is the factory ________ the most expensive cars are made. ②Is this the factory ___________ makes laptop computers? 2．①The old couple will never forget the days ________ they had a summer camp in Australia. ②The volunteers will never forget the days ___________ they spent together in Guangzhou. 3．①Do you know the reason ________ he didn't vote for your party? ②Do you believe the reason ____________ he gave for his spending so much money in a week? 4．①There are two points ____________ we must stick to. ②Their relationship has reached the point ______ they have to divorce. 5．①Jinan is a city ________ there are many well-known springs. ②Jinan is a city ___________ is famous for its famous springs. where that/which when that/which why that/which that/which where where that/which Assignment Task 1 Homework Assignment Task 2 II.Write a paragraph of your experiences of learning English. In your writing, you are supposed to include: how you felt when you started learning English; problems that you met in learning English; methods that you used in improving English. use restrictive relative clauses starting with when, where, why and prep+which. A Writing Sample When I started learning English, I found it really interesting and not difficult. I can well remember the first day at school when we had fun doing role play in small groups in English class. As I continued to learn, however, things did not always go quite well. Like many other students, I also had a hard time in English learning when I just entered senior high. The main reason why I felt that words and phrases did not stay in my head was that there were so many things to remember. So senior one was a period when I was really at a loss. Personally, I made use of different methods to improve my English. For example, taking part in the English corner. It is a great place where I could have more chances of communicating with other students and teachers. By doing so, I could put those words and phrases learned into use. Watching films and TV shows in English was another good way in which I could also pick up a lot of useful phrases and expressions. Gradually, I was making progress with my efforts. Homework Thank You! $$