Unit 4 Humor（重难词汇精练）英语北师大2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 4 Humor重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、一词多用 2 题型四、单句语法填空 3 题型五、单词拼写 4 题型六、完成句子 5 综合攻坚·能力跃升 5 题型一、语篇语法填空 6 题型二、应用文写作 6 题型一、词性转换 1．_________ adj.幽默的，诙谐的→_________ n．幽默，诙谐 2．_________ vt. 模仿→_________ n．模仿，仿效 3．_________ vi.交流；交往；相互作用→_________n．交流；相互影响 4．_________ n．焦虑，不安，担心→_________ adj. 忧虑的；不安的→_________ adv.不安地 5．_________ adj.重要的，重大的→_________ n．重要，重大 6．_________ adj.极度惊恐的→_________ n．恐怖→_________ vt. 使恐怖；使惊吓→_________ adj. 令人恐怖的 7．_________ adj.不平衡的→_________ v．平衡；权衡 n．天平；平衡→_________ adj.保持平衡的 8．_________ adj.难堪的，尴尬的→_________ n．窘迫，尴尬→_________ v．使尴尬；使局促不安；使困窘 9．_________ vt.消耗；吃；消费→_________ n．消费者→_________ n．消费 10．_________ adj.困惑的→_________ v．使困惑；混淆→_________ adj.令人困惑的→_________ n．迷惑；困惑 11．_________n．潜力，潜能 adj.潜在的；可能的→_________ adv.可能地；潜在地 12．_________ adv.漫不经心地；非正式地→_________ adj.漫不经心的；非正式的 13．_________ adv.装作若无其事地；无辜地→_________adj.装作若无其事的；无辜的 14．_________adj.忠诚的→_________ n．忠诚→_________ adv.忠诚地 15. _________ adj. 科学(上)的→_________ n．科学→_________ n．科学家→_________adv.科学地 16．_________ n．测量，计量，衡量→_________ v. 衡量；测量 17．_________ n．就诊；咨询→_________ vt.咨询；查阅→_________ n. 顾问，就诊医师 18．_________ vt.检查→_________ n．检查；考试 19．_________ vt.宣布；宣告→_________ n．公告，通告，发表 20．_________ n．紧张；焦虑；焦急→__________ adj.紧张的 21．_________ adj. 身体的，肉体的→_________ adv. 身体上，肉体上 22．_________ adj. 心理的，精神的→_________n．心理，心理学→__________ n．心理学家→_________ adv. 心理上地，心理学地 23．_________ vt.使充满活力；使增强决心→_________ n．力量，活力→_________ adj.精力充沛的 24．_________ n．感染；传染→_________ vt.使感染；传染→_________ adj. 感染的，传染性的 25．_________ n．国籍→_________ n．国家；民族→_________ adj.国家的 26．_________ vt.使开心；逗笑→_________ adj.好笑的，有趣的→_________ adj.愉快的→_________ n．愉快；快乐 27．_________ n．创造物，作品→_________vt.创造→_________ adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→_________ n. 创造力；创造性 28．_________ adj.学术的→_________ adv.学术上 29．_________ vi.依赖→_________ adj. 可依赖的，可信赖的 30．_________ adj.吃惊的，惊讶的→_________ vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊→_________ n．吃惊，惊讶→_________ adj.令人惊讶的 31．_________ adj. 确信的，信服的→__________ vt.使相信；使确信；说服→_________adj.令人信服的 32．_________ adj.不幸的，倒霉的→_________ n. 财产；运气→_________ adj.幸运的→_________ adv.幸运地→_________ adv.不幸地 33．_________ vi.&vt.批评；指责→_________ n．批评；指责；评论→_________ n. 批评家，评论员 34．_________ vt.要求→_________adj. 要求高的；费力的；苛求的 35．_________ adv.不严谨地→_________adj.不严谨的；松散的 【答案】 1. humorous，humor 2. imitate，imitation 3. interact，interaction 4. anxiety，anxious，anxiously 5. important，importance 6. terrified，terror，terrify，terrifying 7. unbalanced，balance，balanced 8. embarrassed，embarrassment，embarrass 9. consume，consumer，consumption 10. confused，confuse，confusing，confusion 11. potential，potentially 12. casually，casual 13. innocently，innocent 14. loyal，loyalty，loyally 15. scientific，science，scientist，scientifically 16. measurement，measure 17. consultation，consult，consultant 18. examine，examination 19. announce，announcement 20. tension，tense 21. physical，physically 22. psychological，psychology，psychologist，psychologically 23. energize，energy，energetic 24. infection，infect，infectious 25. nationality，nation，national 26. amuse，amusing，amused，amusement 27. creation，create，creative，creativity 28. academic，academically 29. rely，reliable 30. astonished，astonish，astonishment，astonishing 31. convinced，convince，convincing 32. unfortunate，fortune，fortunate，fortunately，unfortunately 33. criticize，criticism，critic 34. demand，demanding 35. loosely，loose 题型二、核心短语 1．______________ 嘲笑某人 2．______________ 依赖，信赖 3．______________ 害怕 4．______________ 与……相互作用；互动 5．______________ 创立；建立 6．______________ 负责 7．______________ 免费 8．______________ 帮某人一个忙 9．______________ 坚持 10．on one's own ______________ 11．for some time ______________ 12．hand over ______________ 13．wake up ______________ 14．for sale ______________ 15．on the contrary ______________ 16．over and over again ______________ 【答案】 1. at sb's expense 2. rely on 3. be terrified of 4. interact with 5. set up 6. in charge of 7. for free 8. do sb a favour 9. hold on 10. 独自地 11. 一段时间 12. 移交 13. 醒来 14. 待售 15. 相反 16. 反复地 题型三、一词多用 consume 1. With the improvement of living standards, people’s daily _______ (consume) of fresh fruits and vegetables has increased significantly. 2. It’s reported that the new energy vehicle can _______ (consumption) 30% less electricity than traditional models under the same conditions. 3. The store always offers discounts on weekends to attract more _______ (consume), which has greatly boosted its monthly sales. confuse 1. The teacher’s explanation was so _______ (confuse) that most students still didn’t understand the problem. 2. Don’t _______ (confusion) the two similar words—their meanings are actually quite different. 3. She looked _______ (confuse) when asked about the sudden change in the plan, as if she hadn’t heard the news. 4. There was a lot of _______ (confuse) at the airport after the flight was cancelled, with passengers arguing with staff. rely on 从下列词组中填空 rely on, focus on, turn on, put on 1. With so many distractions around, it's hard to _______ the task at hand. 2. My little sister always asks me to _______ the night light before she goes to bed. 3. In remote areas, some families still _______ solar energy for electricity. 4. It’s snowing heavily outside—you’d better _______ a warm coat before heading out. 【答案】 consume 1. With the improvement of living standards, people’s daily consumption (consume) of fresh fruits and vegetables has increased significantly. 2. It’s reported that the new energy vehicle can consume (consumption) 30% less electricity than traditional models under the same conditions. 3. The store always offers discounts on weekends to attract more consumers (consume), which has greatly boosted its monthly sales. confuse 1. The teacher’s explanation was so confusing (confuse) that most students still didn’t understand the problem. 2. Don’t confuse (confusion) the two similar words—their meanings are actually quite different. 3. She looked confused (confuse) when asked about the sudden change in the plan, as if she hadn’t heard the news. 4. There was a lot of confusion (confuse) at the airport after the flight was cancelled, with passengers arguing with staff. rely on 1. With so many distractions around, it's hard to focus on the task at hand. 2. My little sister always asks me to turn on the night light before she goes to bed. 3. In remote areas, some families still rely on solar energy for electricity. 4. It’s snowing heavily outside—you’d better put on a warm coat before heading out. 题型四、单句语法填空 1. The actor's __________ performance brought the audience a lot of __________, making the whole theater full of laughter. (humour) 2. Her __________ was obvious when she waited for the test results, and she kept checking her phone __________. (anxious) 3. The __________ of this new technology shows the team's great __________, which is highly praised by experts. (create) 4. The __________ research requires __________ methods, and only in this way can we get accurate results. (science) 5. He felt __________ at the __________ speed of the project's progress, expressing his __________ repeatedly. (astonish) 6. The __________ between the two countries eased after the meeting, and people no longer felt __________ when talking about the relationship. (tense) 7. The __________ advice from the __________ helped her get out of the emotional dilemma. (psychology) 8. The __________ player filled the court with __________, inspiring his teammates to fight harder. (energy) 9. His __________ argument __________ everyone present, and the plan was finally approved. (convince) 10. The __________ virus spread quickly, and the __________ patients were isolated immediately to prevent further spread. (infect) 【答案】 1. humorous；humour 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：这位演员幽默的表演给观众带来了很多欢乐，使整个剧院充满了笑声。第一空修饰名词 “performance”，需用形容词形式 “humorous”（幽默的）；第二空作 “brought” 的宾语，需用名词形式 “humour”（幽默，欢乐），为不可数名词。故填 humorous，humour。 2. anxiety；anxiously 【详解】考查名词和副词。句意：她等待考试结果时，焦虑显而易见，并且不停地焦急地查看手机。第一空作主语，需用名词形式 “anxiety”（焦虑）；第二空修饰动词 “checking”，需用副词形式 “anxiously”（焦急地）。故填 anxiety，anxiously。 3. creation；creativity 【详解】考查名词。句意：这项新技术的创造体现了团队极大的创造力，受到了专家们的高度评价。第一空作主语，指 “创造物、成果”，用名词 “creation”；第二空指 “创造力”，用名词 “creativity”，均为不可数名词。故填 creation，creativity。 4. scientific；scientifically 【详解】考查形容词和副词。句意：科学研究需要科学的方法，只有这样我们才能得到准确的结果。第一空修饰名词 “research”，用形容词 “scientific”（科学的）；第二空修饰动词 “requires”，用副词 “scientifically”（科学地）。故填 scientific，scientifically。 5. astonished；astonishing；astonishment 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：他对项目惊人的进展速度感到惊讶，反复表达自己的震惊。第一空修饰主语 “he”，用 ed 结尾的形容词 “astonished”（感到惊讶的）；第二空修饰名词 “speed”，用 ing 结尾的形容词 “astonishing”（令人惊讶的）；第三空作 “expressing” 的宾语，用名词 “astonishment”（惊讶），为不可数名词。故填 astonished，astonishing，astonishment。 6. tension；tense 【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：会议后两国间的紧张局势有所缓和，人们谈论起两国关系时不再感到紧张。第一空作主语，用名词 “tension”（紧张局势）；第二空作表语，修饰人 “people”，用形容词 “tense”（紧张的）。故填 tension，tense。 7. psychological；psychologist 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：来自心理学家的心理建议帮助她走出了情感困境。第一空修饰名词 “advice”，用形容词 “psychological”（心理的）；第二空指 “心理学家”，用名词 “psychologist”，此处表示单数概念。故填 psychological，psychologist。 8. energetic；energy 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：这位精力充沛的运动员让赛场充满活力，激励队友们更加努力拼搏。第一空修饰名词 “player”，用形容词 “energetic”（精力充沛的）；第二空作 “filled” 的宾语，用名词 “energy”（活力），为不可数名词。故填 energetic，energy。 9. convincing；convinced 【详解】考查形容词和动词。句意：他令人信服的论点说服了在场的所有人，计划最终获得批准。第一空修饰名词 “argument”，用形容词 “convincing”（令人信服的）；第二空作谓语，结合语境可知用一般过去时，填动词 “convinced”（说服）。故填 convincing，convinced。 10.infectious；infected 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种传染性病毒传播迅速，受感染的患者立即被隔离以防止进一步传播。第一空修饰名词 “virus”，用形容词 “infectious”（传染性的）；第二空修饰名词 “patients”，表示 “被感染的”，用形容词 “infected”。故填 infectious，infected。 题型五、单词拼写 1. She _________ (假装) to be calm, but actually she was very nervous at that time. 2. The _________ (情节) of this novel is full of twists and turns, making readers unable to put it down. 3. He speaks English with a strong local _________ (口音), which is easy to recognize. 4. The actor's _________ (面部的) expressions are very vivid, perfectly showing the character's inner feelings. 5. A warm cup of tea can bring a sense of _________ (舒适) on a cold winter day. 6. Regular exercise can _________ (增强) your physical strength and improve your health. 7. The child was _________ (挥动) a toy sword while running around the yard happily. 8. The old tree _________ (突然倒下) in the storm, blocking the road. 9. A lack of sleep often leads to a poor _________ (胃口) and low energy. 10. Scientists are trying to _________ (预测) the path of the hurricane to reduce possible losses. 11. The little girl let out a loud _________ (尖叫声) when she saw the snake. 12. The company is facing a financial _________ (危机) and needs to take immediate measures. 13. Those who work hard _________ (应得) the rewards they receive. 14. Listening to music can help improve your _________ (心情) when you're feeling down. 15. She _________ (悄声说) a secret in my ear and then ran away with a smile. 16. I _________ (遇到) an old friend in the supermarket _________ (偶然地) yesterday. 17. The _________ (费用) of living in this city is much higher than in my hometown. 18. The writer gained international _________ (名誉) for his great works. 19. This new policy has _________ (广泛适用的) support from people of all ages. 20. She has a _________ (天资) for music and started playing the piano at the age of five. 【答案】 1. pretended 【详解】考查动词。句意：她当时假装冷静，但实际上非常紧张。“假装” 对应的动词是 pretend，根据语境 “当时” 可知时态为一般过去时，故填 pretended。 2. plot 【详解】考查名词。句意：这部小说的情节充满波折，让读者爱不释手。“情节” 对应的名词是 plot，此处特指这部小说的情节，用单数形式，故填 plot。 3. accent 【详解】考查名词。句意：他说英语带有浓重的地方口音，很容易辨认。“口音” 对应的名词是 accent，“a strong local accent” 表示 “浓重的地方口音”，用单数形式，故填 accent。 4. facial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位演员的面部表情非常生动，完美展现了角色的内心感受。“面部的” 对应的形容词是 facial，修饰名词 “expressions”，故填 facial。 5. comfort 【详解】考查名词。句意：在寒冷的冬日，一杯热茶能带来舒适感。“a sense of” 后接名词，“舒适” 对应的名词是 comfort，为不可数名词，故填 comfort。 6. strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：定期锻炼能增强你的体力，改善健康状况。“增强” 对应的动词是 strengthen，情态动词 “can” 后接动词原形，故填 strengthen。 7. waving 【详解】考查动词。句意：那个孩子拿着玩具剑在院子里跑着，开心地挥舞着。过去进行时结构为 “was/were + doing”，“挥动” 对应的动词是 wave，其现在分词为 waving，故填 waving。 8. fell 【详解】考查动词。句意：那棵老树在暴风雨中突然倒下，挡住了道路。“突然倒下” 对应的动词是 fall，结合语境可知动作发生在过去，用过去式 fell，故填 fell。 9. appetite 【详解】考查名词。句意：睡眠不足往往会导致胃口不好、精力不济。“胃口” 对应的名词是 appetite，“a poor appetite” 表示 “胃口不好”，为不可数名词，故填 appetite。 10. predict 【详解】考查动词。句意：科学家们正努力预测飓风的路径，以减少可能的损失。不定式符号 “to” 后接动词原形，“预测” 对应的动词是 predict，故填 predict。 11. scream 【详解】考查名词。句意：小女孩看到蛇时发出了一声尖叫。“尖叫声” 对应的名词是 scream，“a loud scream” 表示 “一声尖叫”，用单数形式，故填 scream。 12. crisis 【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司正面临金融危机，需要立即采取措施。“危机” 对应的名词是 crisis，“a financial crisis” 表示 “金融危机”，用单数形式，故填 crisis。 13. deserve 【详解】考查动词。句意：努力工作的人理应得到他们所获得的回报。主语 “those” 表示复数，时态为一般现在时，“应得” 对应的动词是 deserve，故填 deserve。 14. mood 【详解】考查名词。句意：情绪低落时，听音乐有助于改善心情。“心情” 对应的名词是 mood，“improve your mood” 表示 “改善心情”，用单数形式，故填 mood。 15. whispered 【详解】考查动词。句意：她在我耳边悄声说了个秘密，然后笑着跑开了。结合语境可知动作发生在过去，“悄声说” 对应的动词是 whisper，其过去式为 whispered，故填 whispered。 16. met; accidentally 【详解】考查动词和副词。句意：我昨天在超市偶然遇到了一位老朋友。第一空 “遇到” 对应的动词是 meet，结合 “昨天” 可知用过去式 met；第二空 “偶然地” 对应的副词是 accidentally，修饰动词 “met”，故填 met; accidentally。 17. cost 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个城市的生活费用比我的家乡高得多。“费用” 对应的名词是 cost，“the cost of living” 表示 “生活费用”，为不可数名词，故填 cost。 18. fame 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位作家因其杰出的作品获得了国际声誉。“名誉” 对应的名词是 fame，“international fame” 表示 “国际声誉”，为不可数名词，故填 fame。 19. widespread 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这项新政策得到了各年龄段人群的广泛支持。“广泛适用的” 对应的形容词是 widespread，修饰名词 “support”，故填 widespread。 20. talent 【详解】考查名词。句意：她有音乐天赋，五岁就开始弹钢琴了。“天资” 对应的名词是 talent，“have a talent for” 表示 “有…… 的天赋”，用单数形式，故填 talent。 题型六、完成句子 1．他匆匆离开, 忘了带钥匙。 He went off in a hurry and . 2．I’d like to be left alone when doing homework. Otherwise, I can’t what I’m doing. 做作业时我想一个人待着。否则，我就不能集中精力做我正在做的事情。 3．I wanted my music to the audience. 我想让我的音乐给听众留下印象。 4．I they didn’t show up. 我生气的是他们没有露面。 5．The guards outside the tent exchanged at his approach. 看到他靠近，帐篷外的守卫们忧心忡忡地交换了一下眼神。 6．尽管数学课越来越难，但是我对它非常感兴趣。 Though the maths class is getting , I take great interest in it. 7．尽你最大的努力学习， 你妈妈对你有信心。 Try your best to work hard, and your mother you. 8．I to learn English well. 我认为学好英语很有必要。（本句中 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to learn English well） 9． somebody to break the rules? 如果有人决定打破这些规则怎么办? 10．仔细观察老师在实验过程中的举动，并做好笔记。 Watch carefully what the teacher does during the experiment and ． 【答案】 1. be faithful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：此外，朋友们彼此忠诚也是非常重要的。“忠诚” 对应的形容词是 faithful，“be faithful to” 为固定搭配，意为 “对…… 忠诚”，情态动词 should 后接动词原形 be，故填 be faithful。 2. more attractive 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：她忙着把摊位上的物品摆放得更吸引人。“吸引人的” 对应的形容词是 attractive，结合语境 “更吸引人” 可知用比较级 more attractive，修饰名词 display，故填 more attractive。 3. potential to become 【详解】考查名词和不定式。句意：他有潜力成为一名世界级的音乐家。“潜力” 对应的名词是 potential，“have the potential to do sth” 为固定搭配，意为 “有做某事的潜力”，“成为” 用动词 become，故填 potential to become。 4. have a talent for；talented 【详解】考查固定短语和形容词。句意：他们中许多人有音乐天赋，并且擅长演奏各种乐器。第一空 “有…… 的天赋” 用固定短语 “have a talent for”，主语是 many of them，时态为一般现在时，故用 have a talent for；第二空 “擅长的” 对应的形容词是 talented，“be talented in” 为固定搭配，意为 “在…… 方面有天赋 / 擅长”，故填 have a talent for；talented。 5. appetite 【详解】考查名词。句意：他对阅读有极大的兴趣，你从未见过他手上没有书的时候。“兴趣；胃口” 对应的名词是 appetite，“have a big appetite for” 为固定搭配，意为 “对…… 有极大的兴趣”，故填 appetite。 6. anxiously 【详解】考查副词。句意：他们焦急地等待着测试结果。“焦急地” 对应的副词是 anxiously，在句中修饰动词 waiting，作状语，故填 anxiously。 7. It is incredible that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：令人难以置信的是，这个 12 岁的男孩甚至够不到踏板，更别说开车了。“令人难以置信的是……” 用固定句型 “It is incredible that...”，其中 it 为形式主语，that 引导主语从句，故填 It is incredible that。 8. on the contrary 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：一点也不麻烦，相反，帮助你将是一件非常愉快的事。“相反” 对应的固定短语是 on the contrary，在句中作状语，故填 on the contrary。 9. at the expense of 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们不能以破坏自然为代价发展经济，而且我们必须在自然保护中发挥作用。“以…… 为代价” 对应的固定短语是 at the expense of，故填 at the expense of。 10. whispered to 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他小声对我说：“现在是我们着手专注于这个项目的时候了。”“对…… 悄声说” 对应的动词短语是 whisper to，结合语境可知动作发生在过去，用过去式 whispered to，故填 whispered to。 题型一、语篇语法填空 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，56.____________(taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot.To eat one，you have to decide whether 57.____________ (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)，58.____________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头). Shanghai may be the 59.____________ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace.There，you’ll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed 60.____________ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them 61.____________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 62.____________ (they) contents.The meat should be fresh with 63.____________ touch of sweetness，and the surrounding soup hot，clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is 64.____________ (rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left 65.____________ (want) more next time. 【答案】 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化——中国传统美食 【语篇解读】文章介绍中国的特色小吃小笼包，包括其吃法、发源地等信息。 56.tasty[考查词性转换。空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup，故空处填形容词tasty。] 57.to bite[考查非谓语动词。此处考查“whether＋不定式”结构，空处与下文的to put是并列关系。] 58.or[考查并列连词。whether...or...“是……还是……”是固定搭配。句意：要吃一个小笼包，你必须决定是先把小笼包咬个小口，把热气释放出来，冒着汤汁溢出来的风险，还是把整个包子塞进嘴里，让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。] 59.recognized[考查非谓语动词。此处表示“得到认可的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词recognized。] 60.by[考查介词。by hand“用手工”，是固定搭配。] 61.to be lifted[考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的xiao long bao，此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来”。them与lift是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth to be done结构，意为“允许某事被做”，故空处填to be lifted。] 62.their[考查代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示“不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西”。] 63.a[考查冠词。a touch of “少许，微量”，是固定搭配。句意：肉应该新鲜，带着一丝甜味；汤汁要热、清澈并且美味。注意：and后面的并列分句承前省略了should be。] 64.rarely[考查词性转换。此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，故填rarely“几乎不”。] 65.wanting[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“leave sb doing sth”结构，文中使用了被动形式，空处做主语补足语，表示“使我想着下次多吃点”。] 题型二、应用文写作 (2023·全国甲卷改编)你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹； 2.意义或启示。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.题目已为你写好。 The Historical Figure in China ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 The Historical Figure in China Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged，Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion.Here are the reasons. Known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty，Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society.He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.Besides，he proposed the establishment of a national school system，which had a far-reaching influence on the Chinese educational system. What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life：“Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land，the last to enjoy universal happiness.”Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character. 核心词汇与短语 1. "widely acknowledged"（广为人知的）：精准描述历史人物的公认度，比 "famous" 更正式且有深度。 2. "highly appreciated"（深受推崇）：体现对人物贡献的认可，情感色彩强烈。 3. "made great contributions to society"（为社会做出巨大贡献）：简洁有力地概括人物的社会价值。 4. "spared no effort to carry out"（不遗余力地推行）：生动展现行动的决心和力度。 5. "far-reaching influence"（深远影响）：强调影响的广度和持久性，适用于描述历史事件或制度的意义。 6. "philosophy of life"（人生理念）：准确概括名言背后的思想内核，比 "motto" 更具思想性。 7. "role model"（榜样）：简洁明了地表达人物的示范意义。 8. "noble character"（高尚品格）：精准描述人物的道德修养，用词典雅。 句式亮点 1. 开篇句 "Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged，Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion."：通过介词短语 "Among..." 引出范围，再用定语从句 "that are widely acknowledged" 限定对象，最后明确观点，结构清晰且正式。 1. 引用句 "Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land，the last to enjoy universal happiness."：对仗工整，简洁有力，既保留原文韵味，又符合英文表达习惯，是引用名言的典范。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Humor重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 2 题型三、一词多用 2 题型四、单句语法填空 3 题型五、单词拼写 4 题型六、完成句子 5 综合攻坚·能力跃升 5 题型一、语篇语法填空 6 题型二、应用文写作 6 题型一、词性转换 1．_________ adj.幽默的，诙谐的→_________ n．幽默，诙谐 2．_________ vt. 模仿→_________ n．模仿，仿效 3．_________ vi.交流；交往；相互作用→_________n．交流；相互影响 4．_________ n．焦虑，不安，担心→_________ adj. 忧虑的；不安的→_________ adv.不安地 5．_________ adj.重要的，重大的→_________ n．重要，重大 6．_________ adj.极度惊恐的→_________ n．恐怖→_________ vt. 使恐怖；使惊吓→_________ adj. 令人恐怖的 7．_________ adj.不平衡的→_________ v．平衡；权衡 n．天平；平衡→_________ adj.保持平衡的 8．_________ adj.难堪的，尴尬的→_________ n．窘迫，尴尬→_________ v．使尴尬；使局促不安；使困窘 9．_________ vt.消耗；吃；消费→_________ n．消费者→_________ n．消费 10．_________ adj.困惑的→_________ v．使困惑；混淆→_________ adj.令人困惑的→_________ n．迷惑；困惑 11．_________n．潜力，潜能 adj.潜在的；可能的→_________ adv.可能地；潜在地 12．_________ adv.漫不经心地；非正式地→_________ adj.漫不经心的；非正式的 13．_________ adv.装作若无其事地；无辜地→_________adj.装作若无其事的；无辜的 14．_________adj.忠诚的→_________ n．忠诚→_________ adv.忠诚地 15. _________ adj. 科学(上)的→_________ n．科学→_________ n．科学家→_________adv.科学地 16．_________ n．测量，计量，衡量→_________ v. 衡量；测量 17．_________ n．就诊；咨询→_________ vt.咨询；查阅→_________ n. 顾问，就诊医师 18．_________ vt.检查→_________ n．检查；考试 19．_________ vt.宣布；宣告→_________ n．公告，通告，发表 20．_________ n．紧张；焦虑；焦急→__________ adj.紧张的 21．_________ adj. 身体的，肉体的→_________ adv. 身体上，肉体上 22．_________ adj. 心理的，精神的→_________n．心理，心理学→__________ n．心理学家→_________ adv. 心理上地，心理学地 23．_________ vt.使充满活力；使增强决心→_________ n．力量，活力→_________ adj.精力充沛的 24．_________ n．感染；传染→_________ vt.使感染；传染→_________ adj. 感染的，传染性的 25．_________ n．国籍→_________ n．国家；民族→_________ adj.国家的 26．_________ vt.使开心；逗笑→_________ adj.好笑的，有趣的→_________ adj.愉快的→_________ n．愉快；快乐 27．_________ n．创造物，作品→_________vt.创造→_________ adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→_________ n. 创造力；创造性 28．_________ adj.学术的→_________ adv.学术上 29．_________ vi.依赖→_________ adj. 可依赖的，可信赖的 30．_________ adj.吃惊的，惊讶的→_________ vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊→_________ n．吃惊，惊讶→_________ adj.令人惊讶的 31．_________ adj. 确信的，信服的→__________ vt.使相信；使确信；说服→_________adj.令人信服的 32．_________ adj.不幸的，倒霉的→_________ n. 财产；运气→_________ adj.幸运的→_________ adv.幸运地→_________ adv.不幸地 33．_________ vi.&vt.批评；指责→_________ n．批评；指责；评论→_________ n. 批评家，评论员 34．_________ vt.要求→_________adj. 要求高的；费力的；苛求的 35．_________ adv.不严谨地→_________adj.不严谨的；松散的 题型二、核心短语 1．______________ 嘲笑某人 2．______________ 依赖，信赖 3．______________ 害怕 4．______________ 与……相互作用；互动 5．______________ 创立；建立 6．______________ 负责 7．______________ 免费 8．______________ 帮某人一个忙 9．______________ 坚持 10．on one's own ______________ 11．for some time ______________ 12．hand over ______________ 13．wake up ______________ 14．for sale ______________ 15．on the contrary ______________ 16．over and over again ______________ 题型三、一词多用 consume 1. With the improvement of living standards, people’s daily _______ (consume) of fresh fruits and vegetables has increased significantly. 2. It’s reported that the new energy vehicle can _______ (consumption) 30% less electricity than traditional models under the same conditions. 3. The store always offers discounts on weekends to attract more _______ (consume), which has greatly boosted its monthly sales. confuse 1. The teacher’s explanation was so _______ (confuse) that most students still didn’t understand the problem. 2. Don’t _______ (confusion) the two similar words—their meanings are actually quite different. 3. She looked _______ (confuse) when asked about the sudden change in the plan, as if she hadn’t heard the news. 4. There was a lot of _______ (confuse) at the airport after the flight was cancelled, with passengers arguing with staff. rely on 从下列词组中填空 rely on, focus on, turn on, put on 1. With so many distractions around, it's hard to _______ the task at hand. 2. My little sister always asks me to _______ the night light before she goes to bed. 3. In remote areas, some families still _______ solar energy for electricity. 4. It’s snowing heavily outside—you’d better _______ a warm coat before heading out. 题型四、单句语法填空 1. The actor's __________ performance brought the audience a lot of __________, making the whole theater full of laughter. (humour) 2. Her __________ was obvious when she waited for the test results, and she kept checking her phone __________. (anxious) 3. The __________ of this new technology shows the team's great __________, which is highly praised by experts. (create) 4. The __________ research requires __________ methods, and only in this way can we get accurate results. (science) 5. He felt __________ at the __________ speed of the project's progress, expressing his __________ repeatedly. (astonish) 6. The __________ between the two countries eased after the meeting, and people no longer felt __________ when talking about the relationship. (tense) 7. The __________ advice from the __________ helped her get out of the emotional dilemma. (psychology) 8. The __________ player filled the court with __________, inspiring his teammates to fight harder. (energy) 9. His __________ argument __________ everyone present, and the plan was finally approved. (convince) 10. The __________ virus spread quickly, and the __________ patients were isolated immediately to prevent further spread. (infect) 题型五、单词拼写 1. She _________ (假装) to be calm, but actually she was very nervous at that time. 2. The _________ (情节) of this novel is full of twists and turns, making readers unable to put it down. 3. He speaks English with a strong local _________ (口音), which is easy to recognize. 4. The actor's _________ (面部的) expressions are very vivid, perfectly showing the character's inner feelings. 5. A warm cup of tea can bring a sense of _________ (舒适) on a cold winter day. 6. Regular exercise can _________ (增强) your physical strength and improve your health. 7. The child was _________ (挥动) a toy sword while running around the yard happily. 8. The old tree _________ (突然倒下) in the storm, blocking the road. 9. A lack of sleep often leads to a poor _________ (胃口) and low energy. 10. Scientists are trying to _________ (预测) the path of the hurricane to reduce possible losses. 11. The little girl let out a loud _________ (尖叫声) when she saw the snake. 12. The company is facing a financial _________ (危机) and needs to take immediate measures. 13. Those who work hard _________ (应得) the rewards they receive. 14. Listening to music can help improve your _________ (心情) when you're feeling down. 15. She _________ (悄声说) a secret in my ear and then ran away with a smile. 16. I _________ (遇到) an old friend in the supermarket _________ (偶然地) yesterday. 17. The _________ (费用) of living in this city is much higher than in my hometown. 18. The writer gained international _________ (名誉) for his great works. 19. This new policy has _________ (广泛适用的) support from people of all ages. 20. She has a _________ (天资) for music and started playing the piano at the age of five. 题型六、完成句子 1. Besides, it is also very important that friends should ___________ to each other. 此外，朋友们彼此忠诚也是非常重要的。 2. She busies herself arranging the articles in the booth in __________ display. 她忙着把摊位上的物品摆放得更吸引人。 3. He has the ____________ a world⁃class musician. 他有潜力成为一名世界级的音乐家。 4. Many of them __________ music and are ________ in playing various musical instruments. 他们中许多人有音乐天赋，并且擅长演奏各种乐器。 5. He has such a big ________ for reading that you never see him without a book. 他对阅读有极大的兴趣，你从未见过他手上没有书的时候。 6. They are waiting for the results of the tests _________. 他们焦急地等待着测试结果。 7. __________ the 12⁃year⁃old boy even can’t reach the pedals, let alone drive the car. 令人难以置信的是，这个 12 岁的男孩甚至够不到踏板，更别说开车了。 8. It’s no trouble at all; ________, it will be a great pleasure to help you. 一点也不麻烦，相反，帮助你将是一件非常愉快的事。 9. We mustn’t develop economy__________ destroying nature and we must have a role in nature conservation. 我们不能以破坏自然为代价发展经济，而且我们必须在自然保护中发挥作用。 10. He ________ me, “It’s high time for us to set out to concentrate on the project.” 他小声对我说：“现在是我们着手专注于这个项目的时候了。” 题型一、语篇语法填空 (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot，56.____________(taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot.To eat one，you have to decide whether 57.____________ (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)，58.____________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头). Shanghai may be the 59.____________ (recognize) home of the soup dumpling，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace.There，you’ll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed 60.____________ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them 61.____________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 62.____________ (they) contents.The meat should be fresh with 63.____________ touch of sweetness，and the surrounding soup hot，clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is 64.____________ (rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left 65.____________ (want) more next time. 题型二、应用文写作 (2023·全国甲卷改编)你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹； 2.意义或启示。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.题目已为你写好。 The Historical Figure in China ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$