内容正文:
语法
1. which引导定语从句的用法
2. who引导定语从句的用法
课标词语
general普遍的;整体的 standard标准;水准 feeling感觉;直觉看法 difficulty困境;困难 subject主题add 添加 recently 最近;近来 menu菜单
tonight(在)今晚;(在)今夜 winner获胜者 rush冲;奔blouse 女衬衫 skirt 裙子 singer 歌手;歌唱家congratulations祝贺headmaster男校长 present呈递;授予
the thing is答案是;问题是 be in with a chance有机会;有可能
read out朗读;宣读 compared with(与......)相比even though尽管
protect sth. against sth.保护......免遭......;使......不受......
Unit 1
1.You bet!
【词块1】“You bet!”是交际用语,意为“的确、当然、一定”,用于肯定回复对方的问题,相当于sure/certainly/of course。此外,它还可以用于肯定对方说的话。
—Are you going to the match?你去看比赛吗?
—You bet!/Certainly!/Sure!/Of course!当然!
—Seems like you had a great time on your vacation.看来你度过了很美好的假期。
—You bet! /Certainly!/Sure!/Of course!当然!
知识归纳 I bet意为“我肯定”,其后要接宾语从句。
I bet that I can win.我肯定我能赢。
I bet that you can’t solve the problem.我肯定你解决不了这个问题。
知识拓展 bet作动词时过去式和过去分词都是bet。
1.作及物动词时意为“打赌”,构成短语bet sth on sth,表示“在......身上下......的赌注。
构成“bet sb+ that引导的宾语从句”结构,表示“打赌某人......”。构成“bet sb sth+that引导的宾语从句”结构,表示“打赌某人某物......”。
I bet $20 on a horse called Premonition.
我在那匹名叫“预言”的赛马身上下了$20的赌注。
They bet me that I can’t finish this task.他们打赌我无法完成这项任务。
He bet me a bag of candy that Bill would not come.
他认为比尔不会来,与我打赌一包糖果。
2.作不及物动词时意为“赌注”,构成短语bet on sth,表示“对......下赌注”。
It is foolish to bet on horses.赌马很愚蠢。
2.That’s right.
【词块】That’s right.是交际用语,意为“对的。”用于肯定对方说的话。口语中也可以直接用“Right.”表达此意。
—I think she's a teacher. 我想她是一名教师。
—That's right./Right. 对的。
3.The thing is,知识回顾
1.“All right.”意为“行。”用于同意对方的建议。
—Shall we go to the zoo now?我们现在去动物园怎么样?
—All right.行。
2.“That’s all right.”表示“不用谢。”用于回复对方的致谢。表示“没关系。”用于回复对方的道歉。
—Thank you, Lily. 谢谢你,莉莉。
—That's all right. 不客气。
—I'm sorry.I'm late for school.对不起,我上学迟到了。
—That's all right. 没关系。
【词块】the thing is是插入语,意为“问题是”,放在句首时要用逗号将它与句子其他部分隔开。插入语起附加说明的作用,与句子其他部分没有语法上的联系,删除后句子结构仍是完整的。
The thing is,how do we get to the Great Wall?
问题是,我们如何到达长城。
The thing is,Tony is late for class again.问题是,托尼上课又迟到了。
4.And the general standard of the competition is much higher this year.
【词块1】general在此作形容词,意为“整体的、普遍的”,作定语修饰standard。general作此意时常置于名词前面作定语。
The figures represent a general decline in employment.
这些数字表明就业率的总体下降。
The project should raise general awareness about bullying.
这个项目应该引起对恃强凌弱现象的普遍注意。
知识拓展:in general意为“总体上”。
In general, your project is pretty good.
总的来看,你的企划还不错。
【词块2】standard在此作可数名词,意为“标准”。
Actions are taken to improve overall hospital standards by them.
他们采取措施来提高整个医院的标准。
知识归纳 standard的其他用法
1.作可数名词时意为“水平”。
The standard of professional cricket has never been lower.
职业板球的水平从来没这么低过。
2.standard的复数形式是standards,意为“道德水准”。
My father has always had high moral standards.
我父亲一直有着很高的道德水准。
5.I have a feeling that we can solve these little difficulties.
【难点】I have a feeling是主句,that we can solve these little difficulties是that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句必须修饰抽象名词(比如feeling、idea、fact等等),用于对这种名词进行解释说明。that引导同位语从句时没有词义,只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,但不能省略。
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.
他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。(that he succeeded in the experiment是that引导的同位语从句,修饰fact,that在从句中不作成分)
【词块2】difficulty在此作可数名词,意为“困难、困境”,指具体的某种困难,复数形式是difficulties。用法辨析 that引导定语从句和that引导同位语从句的区别
1. that引导定语从句时可以修饰表示“人、事物”的词(包含抽象名词),that引导同位语从句时只能修饰抽象名词。
2. that引导定语从句时在从句中作主语、宾语等成分,that引导同位语从句时在从句中不作成分。
The boy that is sitting on the sofa is my brother.
那个正坐在沙发上的男孩是我弟弟。(that is sitting on the sofa是定语从句修饰boy,that在从句中作主语)
The moon is a satellite that goes around the earth.
月亮是围绕地球运转的一颗卫星。(that goes around the earth是定语从句修饰moon,that在从句中作主语)
The news that you heard is true.
你听到的消息是真的。(that you heard 是定语从句修饰news,that在从句中作heard的宾语)
Here comes the news that some tourists from America will come to our village.
消息传来,说一些美国旅游者要来我们村。(that some tourists from America是同位语从句修饰news,在从句中不作成分)
When people learn a new language,they might face some difficulties.
人们学习一种新语言时,他们也许会遇到一些困难。
知识拓展:difficulty作不可数名词时意为“困难”,是“困难”的总称,可以构成下列两种结构:
(1)have difficulty in doing sth表示“有困难做某事”(介词in可以省略)。
I have difficulty(in)learning math.我学习数学有困难。
(2)have difficulty with表示“在......方面有困难”。
Most students in this class have difficulty with pronunciation. 这个班的大部分学生发音有困难。
6.What are the subjects that they’ve chosen for this year’s competition?
【词块】subject是可数名词,意为“主题”,指书籍、文章、演讲、讨论等中所隐含的、暗示的,需要由读者或听众推断的主题或中心话题。
Can you tell me the subject of this poem?你能告诉我这首诗的主题吗?
词语辨析 topic、theme作可数名词时都可以表示“主题”,区别如下:
1. topic指谈话的话题或文章的题目。
The weather is a constant topic of conversation in Alaska.
天气在阿拉斯加是一个永恒的交谈话题。
2.theme多指文学、艺术作品的主题,或论文、演说的主题。
The novel's central theme is the ongoing conflict between men and women.
这部小说的主题是男女之间永无休止的冲突。
7.Take some photos of Beijing and add some photos of Cambridge that you took recently.
【词块1】add在此作及物动词,意为“添加”,常用结构如下:
(1)add sth表示“增加某物”。
The fire is going out. Can you add some firewood?
火快熄灭了。你可以加点柴火吗?
(2)add sth to sth表示“把......加到......中去”。
The teacher added a few more names to the list.
老师往名单里又加了几个名字。
【词块2】在that引导的定语从句中, recently是副词,意为“最近、近来”,常与现在完成时或一般过去时连用。它可以放在句首、句中(行为动词或过去分词的前面)、句末。知识拓展 add作不及物动词时可以构成如下搭配:
1.add up to表示“总计”。
These numbers add up to 117.这些数字合计达117。
2.add to表示“增加、添加”。
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
焰火使节日之夜更加生色。
Recently I saw her very little. 最近我很少见到她。
She put on weight recently. 她最近体重增加了。
My pop recently retired from work. 我爸最近退休了。
He has recently been promoted. 他最近升职了。
8.What about that photo of my cousin flying kites with Chinese kids in the Summer Palace?
【词块】what about表示“……怎么样”,可以与how about互换,在此用于提出建议,还可以用于征求对方的意见。该短语可以接表示“人、事物”的词,接动词时动词要变为V-ing形式,还可以接介词短语,但不能接句子。
—What do we do after school?我们放学后干什么?
—What/How about playing football?踢足球怎么样?(提建议)
—Where can we have our lunch? 我们能到哪儿去吃午饭呢?
—What /How about at the school dining-room?在学校食堂吃怎么样?(征求意见)
知识回顾 “What/How about+表示“人”的词?”用于询问某人的情况。
I’d like a cup of tea. What/How about you? 我想喝杯茶,你呢?
【难点】flying kites with Chinese kids是V-ing短语,作介词宾语my cousin的补足语,是由my cousin发出的动作。
Here is a picture of our manager talking intimately with one of our staff.
这是一张我们的经理同我们的一位工作人员亲切交谈的相片。
9. And the one of him reading a Chinese menu for the first time in Cambridge?
【难点】reading a Chinese menu for the first time in Cambridge是V-ing短语作介词宾语him的补足语,是由him做的动作。for the first time是介词短语,意为“第一次”,作时间状语。它的对应短语是for the last time,意为“最后一次”。
Yesterday he went online for the first time.昨天,他第一次上网了。
OK. I’ll play with you for the last time.
好吧,我陪你玩最后一次吧。
10.I’m sure you’re in with a chance!
【词块】句中用了“be in with a chance”短语,表示“有可能、有机会”,是非正式用语。
如果表示“有机会做某事”,用“be in with a chance to do sth”或“be in with a chance of doing sth”短语。
I think I am in with a chance to pass this test.
=I think I am in with a chance of passing this test.
我想我有机会通过这次考试。
Unit 2
1.Tonight I am more than happy to read out the winners of the photo competition.
【词块1】tonight在此作副词,意为“在今晚、在今夜”,作时间状语。
I'm at home tonight.我今晚在家。
Tonight he proved what a great player he was.
今晚他证明了自己是一个多么了不起的选手。
知识归纳 tonight还可以作不可数名词,意为“今晚、今夜”。
Tonight is the opening night of the opera.
今晚是这部歌剧的首演之夜。
【词块2】more than happy用的是 “more than + 形容词原级”结构,表示“非常……”。
They are more than excited to see us back.他们看到我们回来非常激动。
知识归纳 more than还可以表示“超过了……所能……的”,要与含有情态动词的句子连用。
The beauty is more than I can describe.
我难以描述那个美景。
【词块3】read out是“及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“朗读、宣读”,指读出某人的名字、读出某段文字。它接名词时名词放在out前后都可以,接代词时代词要放在out之前。
The teacher has read our names out.老师宣读了我们的名字。
Could you please read out this next paragraph ? 请你把下面一段朗读出来好吗?
This poem is great.Please read it out.这首诗很棒。请朗读它。
【词块4】winner是可数名词,意为“获胜者”,由动词win(赢)双写n,加-er复合而成。
The reporter had an exclusive interview with the Nobel Prize winner.
那位记者独家采访了那位诺贝尔奖得主。
2.We were very pleased with our competition this year.
【词块】句中用了be pleased with短语,表示“对......感到满意、对.....感到高兴”。它的主语通常是人,可以接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语。
My parents are pleased with me.我父母对我感到满意。
He was pleased with his lie. It was so full with details and facts.
他对自己编造的谎言很得意,里面内容丰富,细节详细。
Republican leaders are pleased with the news.
共和党领导人获悉这则消息很高兴。
知识归纳 pleased是形容词,意为“高兴的”,常构成下列结构:
1.be pleased to do sth表示“高兴做某事”。
Helen is pleased to see him.
海伦很高兴看见他。
2. be pleased about sth表示“为......感到高兴”。
We are all very pleased about John’s success in his scholarship examination.我们都为约翰通过他的学位考试而高兴。
3.be pleased+that引导的宾语从句表示“高兴.......”。
I am pleased that I have passed this exam.我高兴我通过了这次考试。
3.Compared with other years,we received many more photos.
【词块1】compared with other years是过去分词短语作主语补足语。compared with表示“与……相比”,with可以换成介词to。
Compared with / to many women,she is indeed very fortune.
与很多妇女相比,她确实很幸运。
Compared with/to silk,cotton is cheap.
与丝绸相比,棉花很便宜。
【词块2】many more表示“更多的”,要接复数名词。它构成的短语作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。
It is said that he has received many more gifts.据说他收到了更多的礼物。
However,many more people choose to travel abroad.
然而,更多人选择去国外旅行。
知识归纳 many more表示“更多”,其后不接名词,相当于many more+复数名词。
Some students are against the plan, but many more support it.
一些同学反对这项计划,但是有更多人支持它。
知识拓展 much more的用法:
1.much more表示“更多的”,修饰不可数名词。它构成的短语作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
Much more food is produced by them.
他们生产了更多的食物。
2.much more表示“更多”,其后不接名词,相当于much more+不可数名词。
She has much more to do. 她还有很多事要去做。
4.Even though all of the photos are excellent,we are sorry to say that we cannot give prizes to everyone.
【难点】Even though all of the photos are excellent是由even though引导的让步状语从句。even though意为“尽管、即使”,引导让步状语从句时放在主句前面或主句后面都可以,放在主句前面时要用逗号隔开它们。even though引导的让步状语从句时语气比although/though强烈。
Even though you are right,you should not beat him. 即使你是对的,你也不应该打他。
He went out even though it was raining.他出去了,尽管正在下雨。
用法辨析 even if和even though都意为“即使、尽管”,引导让步状语从句,区别在于:even if引导的从句假设性更强,even though引导的从句更具有真实性。
Even if he is poor, she love him.
即使他很穷,她还是爱他。(他不一定真穷)
Even though he is poor, she love him.
即使他很穷,她还是爱他。(他真穷)
【词块2】all of the photos表示“全部照片”。all of表示“全部”,可以接复数名词/复数代词构成短语(复数名词前面常用the/these/those/形容词性物主代词作定语)。该短语作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。
All of us were frozen with his terrible stories.
我们全都被他的恐怖故事吓呆了。
All of the teachers like the students who do their homework.
所有的老师都喜欢做作业的学生。
知识归纳 all of还可以接不可数名词。该结构作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
All of the food here is delicious.
这里所有的食物都很可口。
【难点】we are sorry to say......to everyone是主句,用了be sorry to do sth结构,表示“抱歉做某事”。动词不定式部分 to say.....to everyone作主语补足语,是由we发出的动作。
I’m sorry to give you so much trouble.
真不好意思,给你添了这么多麻烦。
I’m sorry to have taken up you so much time.
抱歉占用了你这么多时间。
【词块3】主句中包含了一个that引导的宾语从句that we cannot give prizes to everyone。everyone是代词,意为“每人”,作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
Everyone is here.每个人都在这里。
用法辨析 every one和everyone的异同点:
相同点:every one和everyone都可以指“每个人”,此时可以互换使用。
Everyone/Every one in our class is interested in learning English.
我们班上每个人都爱学英语。
不同点:everyone不能指物,也不能接of短语,every one可以这样用。every one of +复数名词表示"……中每一个",作主语时谓词动词用第三人称单数形式 。
Every one of his novels is a best-seller.
他的每一部小说都是畅销书。
5.The photo which we liked best in the City and People group was taken by Zhao Min.
【难点】 which we like best in the city and people group是由关系代词which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the photo。which引导的定语从句修饰表示“事物”的词语,此时可以与that互换。它在从句中作宾语时可以省略。如果which在定语从句中作主语时则不省略。
The bag (which / that) he gives me is beautiful.
他送给我的书包很漂亮。(which / that he gives me是which/that引导的定语从句,which/that在该从句中作gives的宾语,可以省略)
The photos which/that are taken by Linda is very nice.
那些由琳达拍摄的照片非常棒。(which/that are taken by Linda是which/that引导的定语从句,which/that在从句中作主语,不能省略)
6.Her photo shows a person rushing across a street on a windy evening.
【难点】rushing across a street on a windy evening是V-ing短语作后置定语修饰person,相当于定语从句who/that rushes across a street on a windy evening。rush在此为不及物动词,意为“冲、奔”,常与方位介词连用说明冲的方位。表示“冲进”用rush into,表示“冲出”用rush out of。
The couple saw him rush into the fire!
那对夫妇看见他冲进大火中!
I see them rush out of the classroom.
我看到他们冲出了教室。
7.It is a beautiful girl who is wearing a blouse and skirt,and who is protecting her book against the showers.
【难点】该句包含两个关系代词who引导的定语从句who is wearing a blouse and skirt和who is protecting her book against the showers。它们都修饰先行词girl。此时这两个who都可以与that互换。由于它们都在从句中作主语,因此不能省略。
The man who/that is smoking over there is Tom’s uncle.
在那边抽烟的那个男人是汤姆的叔叔。
【词块1】a blouse and skirt表示“一件女衬衫和裙子”。此时skirt的前面省略了不定冠词a以避免重复,这样不会造成歧义。
The noun is the name of a person or thing. 名词是人或物的名称。
知识归纳 冠词省略的其他用法
1. 两个并列名词指的是同一个人时,后一名词前面的不定冠词通常省略。
His father is a teacher and poet. 他父亲是位教师兼诗人。
2. 两个并列的名词关系比较紧密、被视为一个整体,也只用一个冠词。
A man and woman are walking arm-in-arm. 一对男女手挽着手走着。
【词块2】protecting her book against the showers用的是“protect sb/sth against sth”短语,表示“保护某人/物不受某物的侵害”,介词against可以与from互换。
Parents try to protect their children against/from danger as far as possible.
父母保护子女尽量远离危险。
The Great Wall was built to protect the southern nations against/from the invasion of the
northern nations.当年修筑长城是为了保护南方民族免遭北方民族的侵略。
8.A group of photos which show Beijing and Cambridge in England has won the prize for the subject Home and Away.
【词块】A group of photos是“a group of+复数名词”结构。a group of表示表示“一群......、一组......”,必须接复数名词。该短语作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如果强调群体中的各个部分,谓语动词要用复数形式。
A group of children stands on the playground.一群孩子站在操场上。
A group of people are watching the football match.一群人正在观看足球赛。
9.They show some of the experiences of a young visitor to our country
【词块】experiences在此是可数名词experience的复数形式,意为“经历”。此外,它作及物动词时意为“经历”,接表示“事物”的词作宾语。
Please tell us about your experiences in Africa.
请跟我们谈谈你在非洲的经历。
Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.
在过去三年里,我们的国家经历了巨大变化。
10.Congratulations to our winners
【词块】该句用了congratulations to sb短语,表示“祝贺某人”。
I am told that you have won the first prize in the English contest.Congratulations to you.
我被告知你在这次英语竞赛中获得了一等奖。祝贺你。
知识归纳 congratulation的用法
1. congratulation是可数名词,意为“祝贺”,常以复数形式congratulations出现。它可以单独使用,用于庆祝成功、取胜、毕业等等,但不用于庆祝节日。回答时可以用“Thank you.”。
—You’ve passed your driving test. Congratulations!
你驾驶测试合格了。恭喜你!
—Thank you.谢谢你。
2.表示“就……祝贺某人”用congratulate sb on sth。
We congratulated her on having passed the exam.我们祝贺她通过了考试。
3.表示“庆幸自己......”用congratulate oneself on sth。
We congratulated ourselves on our good luck in finding the good jobs.
我们庆幸自己碰上了好运气,找到了好工作。
11.Now let’s welcome our headmaster to present the prizes to the winners!
【词块1】headmaster是可数名词,意为“男校长”。它的对应词是headmistress,意为“女校长”。
There is a headmaster and a headmistress in this university.
这所大学有一名男校长,一名女校长。
【词块2】to present the prizes to the winners是动词不定式结构作目的状语。该部分用了present sth to sb短语,表示“把某物授予给某人、把某物呈递给某人”。
Some boys are presenting flowers to us.一些男孩正在为我们献花。
The headteacher presents a prize to me.班主任为我颁奖。
Unit 3
一.which作关系代词引导定语从句
1.which作关系代词时引导定语从句修饰表示“事物、动物”的先行词。which既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定语从句。
2.which在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
(1)which在限制性定语从句中作主语时不省略,作表语或宾语时可以省略。它引导限制性从句修饰事物名词时通常可以与that互换使用。
The witch lives in a house which/that has no windows.
那个女巫住在一个没有窗户的房子里。(which/that has no windows是which/that引导的限制性定语从句修饰house,which/that在该从句中作主语,不能省略)
The dog(which/that)she gives me is cute.
她送给我的那只狗很可爱。(which/that she gives me是which/that引导的限制性定语从句修饰dog,which/that在该从句中作give的直接宾语,可以省略)
Shanghai is no longer the city(which/that)it used to be.
上海再也不是过去的上海了。(which/that it used to be是which/that引导的限制性定语从句修饰city,which/that作be的表语,可以省略)
(2) which引导非限制性定语从句时不能放在句首,要放在句中或句末。它引导的非限制性定语从句放在句中时要用逗号将它与前后部分隔开,放在句末时要用逗号将它与前面的主句隔开。which指代主句的一部分或整个主句,不管它在该从句中作什么成分,都不能省略。
Lily is fond of her new cell phone, which her father bought for her in Hong Kong.
莉莉很喜欢她的新手机,这是她父亲在香港为她买的。(which her father bought for her in Hong Kong是which引导的非限制性定语从句,which指代new cell phone)
He didn’t tell me any news, which upset me.
他没有告诉我任何消息,这使我很不安。(which upset me是which引导的非限制性定语从句,which代替前面整个主句)
特别关注2:在以下情况中,关系代词which不能换成that。特别关注1:在以下情况中,定语从句要用that引导,不能用which引导。
(1)先行词是表示事物的复合不定代词。
I have something that is worth reading.我有一些值得读的东西。
(2)先行词是事物或动物而且含有形容词最高级。
Chinese is the most difficult subject(that)you learn during these years.
中文是这几年你所学科目中最难的一科。
The snake is the scariest animal that I have ever seen.
这条蛇是我看到过的最可怕的动物。
(3)先行词是事物而且含有only。
The only thing(that)we can do is to give you some money.我们唯一能做的就是给你一些钱。
(4)先行词既有人,又有事物或动物。
Do you know the things and persons(that)they are talking about?
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事情吗?
(5)先行词是事物而且含有序数词。
This is the first book(that) he wrote.这是他写的第一本书。
(6)在there be的句型中先行词为事物时,定语从句要用that引导。
I must make full use of the time(that)there is left to me.
我必须充分利用我剩下的时间。
(1)which可以引导非限制性定语从句,that通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.
在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的。
(2)which可以放在介词前面,构成“介词 + which”结构引导的定语从句,that不可以。
He earned a lot of money with which he bought a new car.
他赚了不少钱。用这些钱,他买了一部新车。
二.who作关系代词引导定语从句
1.who作关系代词,引导定语从句时要修饰表示人的先行词。它既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定语从句。
2.who在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语。who在限制性定语从句中作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略,通常可以与that互换。who在非限制性定语从句中不管作何种成分都不能省略。
This is the teacher who/that teaches us English.
这是教我们英语的老师。(who/that teaches us English是who/that引导的限制性定语从句修饰teacher,who/that在该从句中作主语,不省略)
She is the girl (who/that) I met at the party.
她是我在晚会上遇见的那个女孩。(who/that I met at the party是who/that引导的限制性定语从句修饰girl,who/that在该从句中作met的宾语,可以省略)
特别关注:在以下情况中,关系代词who与that不能互换使用。
(1)who可以引导非限制性定语从句,that通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.
我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,擅长于烹调。(who was a French Canadian是非限制性定语从句修饰guide)
(2)先行词是指人的one、ones、those和anyone时,定语从句多用who引导。
One who does not work hard will never succeed.
不努力工作的人将不会成功。
Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
任何违法的人都应该受到惩罚。
She is the only one of the students who has been to the USA.
她是唯一一个去过美国的学生。
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。
(3)在there be句型中,先行词为人时,定语从句要用who引导。
There is a comrade outside who wants to see you.
外面有一个同志想要见你。
(4)先行词是人而且有较长的后置定语时,定语从句要用who引导。
I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese.
昨天,在街上,我遇到一位能用汉语问我问题的外国人。
(5)一个句子中含有两个定语从句,而且先行词都为人时,一个定语从句用that引导,另一个定语从句要用who引导。
The student that wins the first prize is the monitor who works hard.
获得一等奖的学生是刻苦学习的班长。
(6)在限制性定语从句中that可以作表语,who通常不作表语。
She is not the brilliant dancer that she used to be.
她不再是过去那个优秀的舞蹈家了。
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