Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures 教案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

教学设计 课程基本信息 学科 英语 年级 高一 学期 秋季 课题 Unit 4 History and Traditions-Discovering Useful Structures 教学目标（Four-Dimensional Key Competencies） Language Competence: Master attributive clauses with relative pronouns (that, which, who, whom, whose) and their usage in describing historical relics/traditions. Cultural Awareness: Understand cultural connotations behind historical sites and traditions via sentence structures, fostering cross-cultural empathy. Thinking Quality: Analyze logical relationships between antecedents and relative clauses, enhancing critical thinking in context. Learning Ability: Apply attributive clauses flexibly in speaking/writing about history, improving autonomous learning of complex structures. 重难点（Key and Difficult Points） Key: Correctly use relative pronouns to form attributive clauses; distinguish restrictive vs non-restrictive clauses. Difficult: Choosing appropriate relative pronouns (e.g., that vs which; who vs whom); avoiding misplaced modifiers in complex sentences. 教学过程 In this class, we will focus on the grammar points in Unit 4 History and Traditions of the 2019 version of the compulsory textbook for Senior High School English. Our main task is to understand and master the usage of the past participle as the attribute and the object complement. I. Introduction Let's start with some simple sentences. Look at this sentence: "The broken window needs to be repaired." Here, "broken" is a past participle. What does it modify? Right, it modifies the noun "window". And what kind of relationship does "broken" have with "window"? The window is in a broken state, which shows a passive and completed action. Now, let's move on to another sentence: "I had my hair cut yesterday." In this sentence, "cut" is also a past participle. But here, it is used as an object complement. We will explore more about these two usages of the past participle in detail. II. The Past Participle as the Attribute Meaning and Function The past participle as the attribute can be used to describe a noun or a pronoun. Generally, for transitive verbs, the past participle shows a passive and completed meaning. For example, "the stolen bike" means the bike has been stolen by someone, and the action of stealing is already completed. "Stolen" here modifies "bike", and it has a passive relationship with "bike". For intransitive verbs, the past participle only shows a completed meaning. For instance, "fallen leaves", the leaves have already fallen, and "fallen" just indicates the completion of the action of falling. Position in the Sentence Single past participle: A single past participle usually comes before the noun it modifies. For example, "a respected teacher", "respected" is a single past participle, and it is placed in front of "teacher". Another example is "a lost key", where "lost" comes before "key". Past participle phrases: When a past participle has additional words following it to form a phrase, it is placed after the noun it modifies. For example, "The book written by Lu Xun is very famous." Here, "written by Lu Xun" is a past participle phrase, and it comes after "book" to modify it. We can also say, "The girl dressed in red is my sister." "Dressed in red" is a past participle phrase modifying "girl". Comparison with Present Participle as the Attribute The present participle (-ing form) as the attribute shows an active and ongoing action. For example, "a running boy" means the boy is running at the moment. While the past participle shows a passive or completed action. Compare "a developing country" (the country is in the process of development, an ongoing action) with "a developed country" (the country has already reached a certain developed state, a completed action). Let's do some exercises. Please tell me which is the correct form in the following pairs: "a surprising news" or "a surprised news"; "an interesting story" or "an interested story". The correct ones are "a surprising news" (because "surprising" describes the news which makes people surprised, an active relationship) and "an interesting story" (as "interesting" shows the story has the quality of interesting people). III. The Past Participle as the Object Complement Meaning and Structure When the past participle is used as the object complement, it often appears in structures like "have/get/feel/find/see/watch/hear + object + past participle". For example, "I have my car repaired." Here, "repaired" is the past participle, and "my car" is the object. The meaning is that I let someone repair my car, and there is a passive relationship between "car" and "repaired". Another structure is "make + object + past participle", but it is a bit different in meaning. For example, "The teacher made himself understood by using simple words." Here, "understood" is the past participle, and "himself" is the object. The teacher made efforts so that he could be understood by others. Common Verbs Used in This Structure Have: "Have + object + past participle" can have different meanings. Sometimes it means to cause something to be done by others. For example, "She has her house cleaned every week." (She asks someone else to clean her house.) It can also express an experience of something bad happening. For example, "He had his wallet stolen on the bus." (His wallet was stolen, and it was an unfortunate experience for him.) Get: "Get + object + past participle" is similar to "have + object + past participle". For example, "I need to get my computer fixed." (I need to ask someone to fix my computer.) See, Watch, Hear: These verbs can be used to describe an action that one witnesses. For example, "I saw the window broken by a ball." (I witnessed the state where the window was broken.) "We heard the song sung beautifully." (We heard the song being sung in a beautiful way.) Difference from Present Participle as the Object Complement When the present participle is used as the object complement, it shows an ongoing action. For example, "I saw him playing basketball." It means I saw the action of him playing basketball was in progress at that time. While the past participle as the object complement shows a completed or passive action. For example, "I saw the basketball game finished." It means I saw that the basketball game had already ended. IV. Exercises Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Form of the Verb The ______ (break) cup is on the table. (broken) I heard the song ______ (sing) in English. (sung) The ______ (develop) technology has changed our lives. (developed) She got her hair ______ (cut) in a new style. (cut) Rewrite the Sentences Using the Past Participle as the Attribute or Object Complement The book which was written by a famous author is very popular. Rewrite: The book written by a famous author is very popular. We saw that the house was painted white. Rewrite: We saw the house painted white. Translation Exercises 那个被邀请参加派对的女孩非常兴奋。(The girl invited to the party is very excited.) 我让他把窗户擦干净了。(I had him clean the windows.) V. Summary Today, we have learned the important grammar points of the past participle as the attribute and the object complement. Remember that the past participle as the attribute can be placed before or after the noun depending on whether it is a single past participle or a past participle phrase, and it usually shows a passive or completed action. When used as the object complement, it often appears in certain verb structures like "have/get/feel/find" etc., showing a passive or completed relationship with the object. Keep practicing these grammar points in your daily English learning, such as reading English articles, writing short paragraphs, and you will gradually master them. VI. Homework Write a short passage about a historical place you know, using at least three sentences with the past participle as the attribute or the object complement. Do the relevant exercises in the textbook or workbook to further strengthen your understanding of this grammar. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$