2025年中考英语一轮复习第八讲 代词和冠词

第八讲 代词和冠词 【课前回顾】 一、用所给的汉语提示填空 1.We want__________ (他们)to help us. 2.This is__________ (我的)book. That is__________ (你的). 3.This doesn't look like__________ (我的)dictionary, it must be__________ (你的). 4. __________ (他)often helps__________ (我们)with__________ (我们的)lessons. 5.Is this book__________ (你的)?No, it's not__________ (我的).It's__________ (她的). 6.I'll work out the problem__________ (我自己)． 7.Who are__________ (他们)? __________ (他们)are__________ (我们的)new classmates. 8. __________ (她)is very honest. __________ (我们)may depend on__________ (她) 9.These books are very important to__________ (我)． 10. __________ (我父亲)goes to work by bus every day. 答案：1.them 2.my,yours 3.my,yours 4.He,us,our 5.yours,mine,hers 6.myself 7.they,They,our 8.She,We,her 9.me 10.My father 二、指出并改正下列各句中的错误。 1．She wears an yellow hat． （ ）________________ A B C D 2．This is an university． （ ）________________ A B C D 3．Do you have the lunch？ （ ）________________ A B C D 4．There are thirty days in the April． （ ）________________ A B C D 5．He is a tallest boy in our class． （ ）________________ A B C D 6．Shall we meet at a school gate ？（ ）________________ A B C D 7．Can you play the football？ （ ）________________ A B C D 8．The earth is bigger than a moon．（ ）________________ A B C D 9．Zhengzhou is a interesting city． （ ）________________ A B C D 10．We work five days the week． （ ）________________ A B C D 【知识点讲解】 代词 一、代词的定义 代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的,它的主要作用是在句子中避免名词的重复.因此,代词的使用必须和它所代替的名词在人称、数、性、格上一致. 二、代词的分类 在初中英语中常见的代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词和不定代词等. 核心考点1.　人称代词　 人称代词即代指对人或物的称呼的词（你、我、他等），分为主格和宾格两种形式。 分类 单数 复数 例句 人称代词[来源:Zxxk.Com] 主格[来源:Z,xx,k.Com][来源:学§科§网Z§X§X§K] I， you，[来源:Z&xx&k.Com] he，she，it we，you，they[来源:学科网ZXXK] I'm a teacher. 我是一名教师。 宾格 me， you， him，her，it us，you，them I know him. 我认识他。 Look at me. 看着我。 核心考点2.　物主代词　 1．物主代词的分类 人称 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 单数 复数 单数 复数 第一人称 my our mine ours 第二人称 your your yours yours 第三人称 his their his theirs her hers its its 2.物主代词的用法 （1）形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性，在句中用作定语，后面必须接名词。 This is my bag.这是我的书包。 （2）名词性物主代词具有名词的特性，后面不能再跟名词。它相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”。在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。 —Whose bike is this？这是谁的自行车？ —It's mine.是我的。（mine＝my bike） 核心考点3.　反身代词　 反身代词就是代指某人自己，单数以­self结尾，复数以­selves结尾。 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 主格：即主语用在句首。 宾格：即宾语用在动词或介词之后 形代+名词=名代 有名则形，无名则名。 反身代词：某某自己，一般常考词组。 enjoy oneself________teach oneself ________help oneself to______ say to oneself_______ by oneself______ for oneself_______come to oneself________ 核心考点4.不定代词　 不明确指代某个（些）人、某个（些）事物的代词叫不定代词。 不定代词 作用 在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和同位语等 分类 肯定性 both，all，many，much，one，other，each，another，either，a few，a little，some（someone，somebody，something），any（anyone，anybody，anything），every（everyone，everybody，everything） 否定性 no，neither，none，nobody，nothing，few，little 核心考点5.　指示代词　 指示代词有单数形式的this与that和复数形式的these与those。指示代词的用法主要有以下几点： 1．this和these指时间或空间较近的人或物，也指下文将要提到的事，还可用来介绍别人；that和those指时间或空间较远的人或物，也指刚刚提到过的事。 This is my bike and that is yours. 这是我的自行车，那一辆是你的。 Do remember this：Never put off what you can do today till tomorrow. 一定要记住这一点：今日事今日毕。 This is my friend，Bob.这是我的朋友鲍勃。 2．打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。 This is Sally speaking.Is that Linda? 我是萨莉，你是琳达吗？ 3．that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词；若前面提到的是复数名词，则用those代替。 The weather in Guangzhou is much warmer than that in Beijing in winter. 冬天广州的天气比北京的暖和得多。 The pears on this tree are bigger than those on that one. 这棵树上的梨比那棵树上的大。 核心考点6.　疑问代词　 疑问代词 主要用法 例句 who 作主语、表语、宾语（作宾语时在口语中不能放在介词后） Who wants to go with me? 谁想和我去？ whom who的宾格形式，作宾语 To whom are you talking? 你在和谁交谈？ whose who的所有格形式，作定语 Whose bag is this? 这是谁的包？ what/who what询问某人的职业 —What's your mother? 你妈妈是做什么的？ —She is a teacher. 她是一名教师。 who询问某人的身份、姓名 —Who is the boy under the tree? 树下那个男孩是谁？ —He is Li Ming. 他是李明。 what/which what指不定数目中的“哪一个，哪一些；什么”，没有一定范围的限定 What would you like? 你想要什么？ which“哪一个”，指在一定范围内特指的人或物 Which one do you like better，the red one or the blue one? 你更喜欢哪一个，红色的还是蓝色的？ 冠词 1、 冠词的定义:冠词本身不能独立使用，只能与名词放在一起(一般用于名词之前 )帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词 (the)。 二、冠词的分类: 1.不定冠词的用法 用法 例词或例句 指人或事物的某一种类。 China is a very interesting country． It is an egg． 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。 We work six days a week． Is there a bank near here ？ 表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没one强烈。 I have a mouth，a nose and two eyes． 用于某些固定的词组中。 a little ， a few ， a lot of 2.定冠词the的用法 用法 例词或例句 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 The book on the desk is mine．（特指桌上的那本书） 指双方都知道的人或事物。 Shall we meet at the bus station？（双方都知道的那个汽车站） 指上文提过的人或物。 1. What is this ？ 1. It is a bag． The bag is mine．（这个包即上文提到的那个包） 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。 The sun is bigger than the moon． 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 My house is on the first floor of the building． Shanghai is the biggest city of China． 在乐器名称前。 Can you play the piano？ 用在一些习惯用语中。 on the left，on the right，in the morning 3.不用冠词的情况 用法 例词或例句 名词前有this，that ，my，your，some，any，each，every等代词时。 This is my hat． I love every book． 在星期，月份，季节，节日前。 Today is Sunday． Spring is coming． There is thirty days in June． 在称呼语，头衔和职务等名词前。 Mr Black is a doctor． 在一日三餐前。 What did you have for supper？ After lunch ，we are going to the zoo． 在球类运动的名称前。 Can you play baseball？ Do you play tennis？ 用在某些固定词组中。 At home ，on time ，at night ，after class 4.词组固定搭配 含有a的常见固定词组 a few/little/bit一点儿 have a cold感冒 have a good time玩得高兴 in a hurry匆忙for a while一会儿 keep a diary记日记 have a word with sb. 和某人谈话 have a drink 喝点什么 have a swim游泳 have a bath/shower 洗澡,淋浴 have a look (at) 看一看 give a lesson 授课 in a/one word 总之（一句话) have a talk谈话 have/take a walk 散步 have a nice trip 旅途愉快 have a rest 休息一下 2.含the的某些固定短语中 in the daytime在白天 at/in the beginning 开始 in the middle night 在半夜 in the end 最后,终于 by the way 顺便说一下 the same as... 同..一样 in/at the front of...在某物的前部 on the right/left 在右边/左边 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上 【巩固练习】 Part one 选择括号中适当的词填空 1. __________ of them knows Japanese.(Neither, Both) 2.We study Chinese, English, maths and__________ subjects.(the others, other) 3.Don't hurry. There is__________ time left.(little, a little) 4.“Is there__________ wrong with your bike?" “Yes, there is__________ wrong with it."(something, anything) 5.I don't like this one. Please give me__________.(another, other) 6.(He, His, Her)name is Jack. __________ (She, He, His) is a cook. 7.He's invited to__________ parties.(a lot of, lots) 8.This box is heavier than that__________.(one, ones) 9.We must get__________ ready before setting off.(everything, anything) 10. __________ of us is afraid of difficulties.(None, All) 11.Do you mind if I ask you__________ questions?(few, a few) 12.There are many trees on__________ sides of the street in Beijing.(all, both) 13.Would you like__________ tea or coffee?(some, any) 14.Did they spend__________ money on their trip to Hangzhou?(many, much) 15.There's__________ wrong with you, but I'm afraid you're eating too(anything, nothing; many, much) 16.Please show__________ (me, I, mine) the way. 17.Which of__________ shirts are Tom's?(these, this, that) 18.Did__________ ask for me when I was out?(somebody, anybody) 19.She's very popular. __________ likes her.(Someone, Everyone) 20.“It's going to snow,” the old woman said to__________.(her, herself, hers) 答案： 1.Neither 2.other 3.a little 4.anything, something 5.another 6.His,He 7.a lot of 8.one 9.everything 10.None 11.a few 12.both 13.some 14.much 15.nothing,much 16.me 17.these 18.anybody 19.Everyone 20.herself Part two 1. In ______ winter it is cold in ______ Beijing and warm in ________Shanghai. 2. Tomorrow is ______ Teachers' Day and we'll make ______ card for our English teacher. 3. We can't live without ______ water or ______ air. 4. This is ______ book you gave me last week. 5. What did you do ______ last Saturday? 6. John is______ cleverest boy in his class. 7. At ______ age of five, he read a lot of books. 8. Tom and Lucy are of ______ same age. 9. ______ harder we study, ______ more we learn. 10. We should help__________old. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$