2025年中考英语复习讲义与练习——第六讲 定语从句

第六讲 定语从句 【课前回顾】 根据句意，用关系代词that, who, whom, whose或which填空。 1. Those have finished the work can leave. 2. The book he bought yesterday is very interesting.　　 3. The doctor I spoke to told me not to worry. 4. The houses are built in this district are rather expensive. 5. The child mother has left him is crying loudly. 6.I like music ______ (who, that)____________(have,has)great lyrics. 7.I prefer the singer who _______ (sing, sings) well. 8.I like musicians _____ (who, that)__________(write,writes) their own songs. 9.I prefer groups that _____________(play, plays) quiet and gentle songs. 10.The man__________spoke to me in the street is my uncle. 11.The book__________I put away is a new one. 12. He talked about the teachers and schools__________he had visited. 【知识点讲解】 定语从句 关系代词引导定语从句 定语从句在整个句子中担任定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 1. 关系词 关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as(句子中缺主要成分：主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语、补语时)。关系副词：when, where, why（句子中缺次要成分：状语时）。 2. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词引导定语从句，代替先行词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等主要成分。 He is the man who/whom/ that I saw yesterday.（who/whom/that在从句中作宾语） 他是昨天我见到的那个人。 （1）who, whom, that 指代人，who, that在从句中可作主语、宾语；whom在从句中作宾语。 Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语） 他是想要见你的那个人吗？ Please pass me the book whose cover is green/the cover of which is green. 请递给我那本封面是绿色的书。 （2）whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换。 （3）which, that指代物，在从句中可作主语、宾语。 The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你正在搬的那个包裹快要散开了。 （4）关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 Is he the man who wants to see you? 他是想要见你的那个人吗？ 3. 只能用that不能用which的情况。 （1）先行词是everything, nothing, something, anything, all, little, much等不定代词时。 He never read anything that was not worth reading. 他从不读任何不值得阅读的书。 （2）先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very等词修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that you lent me. 我已经读完了你借给我的所有书。 （3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 It is the first American film of this kind that I’ve ever seen. 这是我看过的第一部这个种类的美国电影。 （4）先行词由人和物共同组成时。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们都羡慕你和我谈论过的这个科学家和他的成就 4. 关系代词as 和which的用法区别： （1）as一般放在句首或句中，which置于句中。 （2）as可引导非限制性定语从句，常常有＂正如＂之意；which可以表主从句之间的因果关系。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 He was always late, which made his teacher very angry. 他总是迟到，这让他的老师非常生气。 1. 概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。这个被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。（名词 + 从句） I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) →I know the girl who is in red. （定语从句） 2. 关系代词 考点1：当先行词是人时，用who, whom, whose, that引导 · who作定语从句的主语或宾语 The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker. The man is a worker. The man is speaking at the meeting. · whom 作定语从句中的宾语 He is the boy whom (that) you wanted to find. He is the boy. You want to find the boy. · that可以作定语从句中的主语和宾语 做主语时：The man that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker． 作宾语时：The woman that they wanted to visit is a teacher. whom和that 的区别： 作宾语时，whom和that都可以做从句的宾语。但是当宾语连接词前出现介词，只能用whom。 The person to whom you just spoke is Mr. Li. · whose作定语从句的定语, “谁的” I know the girl whose mother is a teacher. I know the girl. The girl’s mother is a teacher. 考点2：当先行词是物时，用which,that, whose来引导 · which 和that 在从句中作主语和宾语 (1) April Fool’s Day is a celebration that takes place in different countries around the world.(做主语) (2) Everything (that) you learn becomes a part of you and changes you.(作宾语) (3) The book which is on the table is mine.(作主语) (4) The story (which) he told was very interesting. (作宾语) 关系代词在句中作宾语时常可省略。 · whose作定语从句的定语, “谁的” Please pass me that book whose cover is green. 3. 定语从句只能用that的情况：定语从句的关系代词只能用that而不用which的几种情况： (1)当先行词是anything，everything，nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等不定代词，或由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时。如： There is little that I can do for you.我几乎不能为你做任何事。 Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么我能为你做的吗？ 注意：当先行词指人时，也可以用who。如： Any man that/who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing. 但凡有点责任感的人都不会做这种事。 (2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben. 他们在伦敦参观的第一站是大本钟。 (3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。 (4)当名词被the very, the only, the same, the last 等修饰时。如： This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.这正是我想要买的那本词典。 注意：当先行词指人时，也可以用who。如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school that/who will attend the meeting. 王华是我校将出席此会议的仅有的一人。 (5)当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如： Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那儿的那个人是谁？ (6)当先行词既有人，又有物时。如： Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned？你能记住我们所学过的那位科学家及其理论吗？ 4. 关系副词：由where，when和why这些关系副词引导的定语从句 where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。 区分关系代词还是关系副词Tips： 首先找出定语从句的先行词,再看它在从句部分充当什么成分,如果是主语,宾语或定语,就用关系代词；如果是状语,就用关系副词。 I will never forget the day that/which we spent together.（先行词：the day, 在从句中做spent的宾语——“花时间”,“我们一起度过的那一天”所以用关系代词that、which）. I will never forget the day when we met each other for the first time.（先行词：the day, 在从句中做状语,而不是met的宾语,因为不能说“遇见那一天”，只能说在那天我们遇见,因此用关系副词when） 同理,试着划分一下下面的两个句子： (1) This is the place where I was brought up. (2) This is the place that/which we are looking for. 关系代词 在从句中的作用 指人或物 that 作主语或宾语 指人或物 which 作主语或宾语 指物（可与that互换） who 作主语（在口语或非正式文体中也常用作宾语） 指人（可与that互换） whom 是who的宾格，作宾语 指人 whose 是who的所有格，作后面名词的定语 指人或物 关系代词在定语从句中的作用。 简单句 定语从句 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy (who) is smiling is Tom. (主语) I love music. I love music (which/that ) I can sing along with. (宾语) I can sing along with music. I prefer movies. I prefer movies which/that give me something to think about. (主语) The movies give me something to think about Can you find the pen? Can you find the pen (which/that) I bought just now? (宾语) I bought it just now. 总结：关系代词who, which, that 在定语从句中既可以作 也可以作 。 【巩固练习】 Part One 1. Mike doesn’t like food that ________ (have) chocolate in it. 2. The boy who _________ (play) with a dog is my younger brother. 3. I can’t see the words on the blackboard _______ (clear). 4. Most of us like _______ (music) who play different kinds of music. 5. The boy who _______ (kick) the goals just now is Li Yang. 6.The boy ____________ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. 7.The e-mail ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister. 8.I hate people __________ talk much but do little. 9.The car _____________ my father bought last month is very beautiful. 10.The boy _________ sits in front of me is Tom. Part Two 将下列句子合成定语从句 1. I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.I don’t like the man. He is smoking. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. The man is a policeman. He lives next to us. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. This is the film star. The film star is very popular in China. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. The boy is called Tom. He broke the window yesterday. _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. The girl is my cousin. She is watering the flowers. _______________________________________________________________________________ 6. The boy is my classmate. The boy’s father is a policeman. _______________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$