2025年中考英语复习讲义与练习——第五讲 宾语从句

第五讲 宾语从句 【课前回顾】 1、 完成下面的句子 1. Wang Hai told me _____ he didn't go hiking yesterday afternoon.(how, why) 2. —I am looking forward to watching the show. —Me, too. I believe 　　　　 it will be an unforgettable experience. (whether，that ) 3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.(that, if) 4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.(how, who) 5. —What did you say just now? 　—I asked _______ I could open the door (if, that) 6. We don't know _______ we are going hiking. (when, what) 7. She wanted to know _______ her coat would be ready the next day. (when, if) 8. Please tell us __________to go or stay here. (whether, if) 9. I don't know ______ so many people are crowding round him. (how, why) 10. � —Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is? —I�m not sure. Maybe a reporter. (what, that) 11. We. are sure that he ______(go) to school tomorrow. 12.I hear that he ______(swim) in the sea yesterday. 13.He said that he ______(finish) his work already. 14.The teacher told me that light _______(travel) faster than sound. 15.She doesn’t know whether ______(go) or wait. 【知识点讲解】 宾语从句 (1) 概念 在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子宾语从句。 概念 在复合句中，用来充当宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。 （动词+ 从句；介词+ 从句） 引导词 1. 当由陈述句充当宾语时，用that引导，that可以省略，无意义； She told me (that) she would like to go with us. 2. 当由一般疑问句充当宾语时，用if 或whether来引导，意为“是否”； Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. 1. 如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需要用原来的特殊疑问词引导。 (who, whom, whose, what, when, where, how, why...) Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose painting was the best. 注： 一般情况下，if 和whether 可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether ①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided. ②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. ④使用if会引起歧义：Please let me know if you like the book. ⑤whether置于句首： Whether this is true or not, I can’t say. ⑥引导主语从句和表语从句：Whether she will come is still a question. 语序 1. 宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。 2. 特殊疑问词不是作主语，疑问词放在句首，其它部分按陈述句语序。 Can you tell me what he will do tomorrow? 3. 如特殊疑问词作主语，语序不用动。 Do you know what makes him so excited? 你知道什么事使他如此兴奋吗？ I don’t know what is wrong with him. 我不知道他出什么事了。 时态 1. 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、一般将来时态时等，从句可用所需要的任何时态。 I want to know what time he got up this morning. 2. 当主句为过去时态时， 从句要用与过去有关的时态。 Linda said that the train had left. 3. 当从句表述的是客观真理、科学真理、自然现象、格言等时，其时态不受主句限制，都用一般现在时。 Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound. (2) 宾语从句三大考点 Part One 连接词 1. 从属连词that： 由that引导的宾语从句, 在口语和新正式文体中常省略that。 大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句, 如think, hope, wish, believe, say, know, hear, tell, remember, forget等。 Did he said (that) he would be back? We knew (that) he had made a mistake. He told me (that) he would go to college the next year. 注意： 宾语从句的否定前移：从句中的否定词not，前移到主句当中，从句的谓语用肯定的形式。 三个条件均指向宾语从句的主句。 三个条件必须同时满足时，才能发生否定前移。 例： I don’t think he can do it better than me. I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. I don’t suppose he cares, does he? (其反义疑问句，附加问句部分要跟从句的形式保持一致) 2. 由从属连词whether 或if引导的宾语从句。 I don’t know whether/ if this bike is hers. Can you tell me whether/ if your father joined the Party in 1990? 注意：只能用whether, 不能用if引导的宾语从句 3. 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 （这些词一般有：who, whose, whom, when, why, what, where, how long, how much） 找出下面句子的引导词 1. Do you know whose child he is? 1. I can’t find out why the machine doesn’t work well. 1. Do you remember what the teacher said at the class meeting yesterday? 1. Could you tell me how long it will take me to get to the hospital from here? 1. I want to know which medicine he has taken. 1. I don’t know who they are speaking to. 1. Did you ask the teacher when we would have a test? Part Two 语序 宾语从句中从句必须用陈述句的语序, 即主谓宾结构。 I will be back. 陈述语序 He said that he would be back. 陈述语序 Is he mad? 疑问语序 I asks whether he is mad. 陈述语序 Who are they speaking to? 疑问语序 I asks who they are speaking to. 陈述语序 注意事项: 当从句的原句为以下句子，以及what, who作主语时，语序不变。 Who is his English teacher? He asked me who was his English teacher? What’s the matter with you? He asked me what was the matter with me? What’s wrong with you? He asked me what was wrong with me. What happened to her? He asked me what happened to her. Part Three 时态 宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态要和主句中谓语动词的时态保持一致。 1. 当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时, 从句的谓语动词可用所需要的任何时态。例： He says that Lily is (will be/ was) a doctor. I’ll tell you what I am doing (did/shall do). 2. 当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时, 从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种形式。(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时) 1 从句的谓语动词表示与主句同时发生的动作, 则用过去时或过去进行时。例： I thought he was old. He wanted to know who she was waiting for. 2 从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作, 则用过去完成时。 He said that he had finished reading the book. 3 从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作, 则用过去将来时。 He said that she was going to buy a new bike next week. I wasn’t sure if it would rain. 3. 从句表示普通真理时，即使主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。 The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth. I knew the light travels faster than sound. 从句在转述时仍然存在的事实或习惯，变为间接引句时，时态不变。 He told me he works in the Library of Congress. 【学以致用】 （一）翻译题 1. 我担心他不会通过考试。 _______________________________________________________________________ 2. 你能告诉我怎么去火车站吗？ _______________________________________________________________________ （二）连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句 1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. 2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound. 3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know. Jack didn’t know ______ there ______ ____ a meeting in five days. 4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French. 5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games. 【巩固练习】 Part One 1. They wonder __________ robots will make humans lose their jobs or not. 2�How long does it take to get to the airport? 3.�Forty minutes. But it's foggy today. I'm not sure _______ the highway will closes soon. 4.I don't know _________I should say anything to them about this. 5. I hear _______ the teacher will come back from the UK soon. 6.Can you tell me ______ else is going to be on duty today? 7.She wanted to know _______ her coat would be ready the next day. 8.I was really surprised at ______ I saw. 9.I don’t know ______ so many people are crowding round him。 10.Do you know ______ shirt it is? Part Two 将下面的句子改写成为含有宾语从句的复合句。 1. Is it beautiful ? Could you tell me ? Could you tell me ______________________________ 2. Where do you live ? Could you please tell us . Could you please tell us ______________________________ 3.What did you say ? I want to know . I want to know _______________________________ 4. Is your father an office worker? He asked me . He asked me ________________________- 5..The earth is round . The teacher said . The teacher said ____________________________. 6. Are you tired or not ? I want to know . I want to know _______________________________ 7. What’s wrong with your leg? He asked me . He asked me ._________________________________________ 8. Did they move to the USA last year? Do you know? Do you know____________________________________ 9. Does he do well in English ? I want to know. I want to know__________________________________ 10. Who is on duty today? The teacher asked. The teacher asked _____________________________________ 11. Sue said, “I will go shopping with my sister tomorrow”. Sue said ____________________________________________ 12. Lin Hui asked me,“Do you help your parents with the housework？” Lin Hui asked me_______________________________________ Part three 1. He is in Class 1, Grade9. I know. I know ________ ______ in Class 1, Grade9. 2.She comes from the USA . I guess. I guess _______ _______ ______ from the USA. 3.Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know ________ _________ _________ _________ French. 4.Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _________ the children _________ _________ games. 5.How many people are there in the picture? Who knows Who knows _______ _______ __________ ________ ________ in the picture. 6.Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _______ _______ _______ her car? 7.Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don't know. I don�t know _________ _________ at the door so loudly. 8.These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. 9.Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me ________ light _________ faster than sound. 10.Will there be a meeting in five days. Jack asked. Jack asked ___________ there ________ ______ a meeting in five days. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$