2025年中考英语一轮复习被动语态

第四讲 被动语态 【课前回顾】 1. English ________(speak) in Canada. 2. The People’s Republic of China ________(found) on October 1, 1949. 3. Children should ________(allow) to make their own decisions. 4. This watch can _________ (repair) in two weeks. 5. The reading room ________(clean) yesterday afternoon. 6. The work should ________(do) at once. 7. He ________(laugh) by his classmates. 8. Teachers won’t allow ________(fight) in the class. And we won’t ________(allow) to listen to the music in the class. 9. Must this work ________(do) at once? 10. I won’t leave my office until my work ________(finish). 11. The window ________(clean)ten minutes ago, and the room is bright now. 12. The World Cup ________(hold) in Germany now. 13. Personal computers ________(发明) in 1976. It has changed the whole world. 14. NO SMOKING should ________(see) in the stores even in many parts of the city. 15. The children ________(teach) to swim last month and they can swim very well now. 【知识点讲解】 被动语态 英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。把主动语态变为被动语态，可分作三步进行： Step 1: 找出宾语，移到前面成主语。 Step 2: 谓语动词变成：be + done。注意：变为被动语态时，时态不要变化。 Step 3: 找出主语移到后面，前面加个by。也可以省略这一部分哦！ 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 We visited that factory last summer 主动语态 That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 Part One 被动语态时态考点 常用时态被动语态 构成 一般现在时的被动语态 + 及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时的被动语态 + 及物动词的过去分词 一般将来时的被动语态 + 及物动词的过去分词 过去将来时的被动语态 + 及物动词的过去分词 现在进行时的被动语态 + 及物动词的过去分词 过去进行时的被动语态 + 及物动词的过去分词 现在完成时的被动语态 + 及物动词的过去分词 过去完成时的被动语态 + 及物动词的过去分词 含情态动词的被动语态 + 及物动词的过去分词 1. 一般现在时 People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice in the south of the country. 2. 一般过去时 They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factor last month. 3. 一般将来时 They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars abroad by sea. 4. 过去将来时 The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project by the end of the year. 5. 现在进行时 The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons on the radio. 6. 过去进行时 The workers were mending the road. The road . 7. 现在完成时 Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off. I the sports meeting might be put off. 8. 过去完成时 When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets already . 9. 情态动词 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must after class. 我们先要了解两种句子结构 第一种： 句子结构 主 谓 He gives me a gift. 主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语 He bought her something. 主 谓 宾 主 谓 宾 宾 主 谓 宾 补 主 系 表 这个句型中，间接宾语变主语时，按照步骤变化就可以啦！ 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 He bought her something. 主动语态 She was bought something by him.被动语态 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 He gives me a gift. 主动语态 I is given a gift by him. 被动语态 但是当直接宾语变主语时，需要在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词to或者for 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 He bought her something. 主动语态 Something was bought for her by him.被动语态 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 He gives me a gift. 主动语态 A gift is given to me by him. 被动语态 注意： (1) 一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to。 如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The book was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. (2) 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for。 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 A new skirt was made for me. The meat was cooked for us. 【即时演练】 She brings me a boiled egg.  A boiled egg by her. My father showed me a miracle(奇迹). I by my father. Mr. Smith taught me an important lesson. An important lesson by Mr. Smith. David sang me a song. A song by David. Mother cooked meat for us. Meat by Mother. 第二种： 句子结构 主 谓 主 谓 宾 He calls me David. 主 谓 宾 宾补 He kept the classroom clean. 主 谓 宾 宾 主 谓 宾 补 主 系 表 这个句型中，宾语变主语时，按照步骤变化就可以啦！ 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 He kept the classroom clean. 主动语态 The classroom was kept clean by him.被动语态 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 He calls me David. 主动语态 I am called David by him. 被动语态 注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。 We often hear him play the guitar. → He is often heard to play the guitar. My brother made me cry. → I was made to cry by my brother. 【即时演练】 I saw a man walk into the room. → A man . I heard my sister cry. → My sister . 1. 陈述句改为被动句 Step1:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语 Step2:动词结构作相应变化（be+过去分词） Step3:by+主动语态的主语（可省略） Step4:其他照抄 · He was making a model plane. 2. 一般疑问句改为被动句 Step1:be动词/情态动词/助动词放句首 Step2:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语 Step3:被动结构的其他成分 Step4:by+主动语态的主语（可省略） Step5:其他照抄 · Did Mike’s teacher give much homework yesterday? 3. 特殊疑问句改为被动句 Step1:特殊疑问词不变 Step2:be动词/情态动词/助动词提前 Step3:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语 （主动语态特殊疑问词作宾语则这步省略） Step4:被动结构的其他成分 Step5:by+主动语态的主语（可省略） Step6:其他照抄 · When will Jack finish his homework? · What did Linda’s father mend last night? 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。 其他: 据说...... It is said that ... 据报导...... It is reported that ... 据推测...... It is supposed that ... 希望...... It is hoped that ... 众所周知...... It is well known that ... 普遍认为...... It is generally considered that ... 有人建议...... It is suggested that ... 【即时演练】 据报道明天会下雨。 众所周知，手机在日常生活中起着重要的作用。 不用被动语态的情况 重点有三种情况 (1) 一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态。 如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。 The fire broke out in the capital building. ╳ The fire was broke out in the capital building. 不及物动词没有被动语态。 如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. ╳ When we got to the top of the mountain, The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. ╳ After the earthquake, few houses were remained. (2) 感官连系动词不能用被动语态 feel，look, seem, taste, sound等 (3) 主动形式表示被动意义的情况 类型 例句 动词wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive等 The book sells well.这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。 在need, require, want, worth (adj.), deserve后的动名词须用主动形式 This room needs cleaning. 这房间该打扫了。　　 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 【巩固练习】 Part One A speech __________________ (give) this afternoon. The classroom__________________ (clean) every day. 3.Some effective measures ___________________ (take) since last year. 4.My mother’s favorite vase___________________ (break) yesterday. 5.The book __________________ (read) four times by the end of last semester. 6.An amusement park___________________ (build) in our city now. 7.The technician told me that my watch__________________ (repair) in 1 hour. 8.The problem ___________________ (discuss) this time yesterday. 9.He said that he ____________________ (invite) to the party. 10.Thousands of trees _________________ (plant) in this area by the end of this year. 11.The clothes ________________(deliver) to the poor area next month.The chicken ________________(eat) yesterday afternoon. 12.Food must ________________(keep) in a cool place in summer. 13.His father________________(send) to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago. 14.The classroom ________________(clean) now. 15.As a volunteer, Guo Mingyi is always seen ________(help) others who are in trouble. 16.A computer was bought ________ him by his father last week. 17.These new books were given ________ us for study. 18.The world was not left to us by our parents, it was lent ________ us by our children. 19.The young man was often seen ________(draw) by the lake. 20.The book ________(sell) well. 21.The film is worth ________(watch). 22.It is ________(suggest) that the work should be finished as soon as possible. 23.It is ________(report) that the temperature will go down in one or two days. 24.The car needs ________(repair). Part Two 请把下列句子变为被动语态 1. I saw the boy run yesterday. 2. He told me that he would come back soon. 3. You could find a lot of differences between the two languages. 4. Do you water your flowers every day? 5. The wind blew down the big tree last night. 6. When can you finish this job? 7. How did he cut the loaf into thick slices? Part three 1. Peter _______(tell) a story by his mother at 10:00 last night. 2. I won’t go unless I _______(invite). 3. The class should _______(clean) every day. 4. The building _______(build) for many years. 5. The boy _______(count) some eggs now. 6. Children can _______(take) to the cinema free on Children’s day. 7. These model cars _______(make) in China in 2013. 8. The monkey was seen _______(jump) off the tree. 9. The school bag can _______(put) behind the chair. 10. The workers were made _______(work) ten hours a day. 11. The pen _______(write) well. 12. It is _______(report) that many people died in the car accident. 13. I want to have my hair _______(cut). 14. Great changes have _______(take place) in our city. 15. I was made _______(do) homework for my brother. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$