2025年中考英语一轮复习形容词与副词

第1讲 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 【课前回顾】 一、写出下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。 fast ________ _________ wide_________ _________ easy __________ _________ small________ _________ large__________ ________ dirty__________ ____________ long ________ _________ friendly _________ ________ busy__________ ____________ hot___________ _________ thin__________ __________ fat __________ ____________ few _________ _________ good_________ __________ little____________ ____________ badly________ _________ many________ ________ difficult______________ ___________ funny_______ ________ shy _________ _________ popular____________ ____________ 二、用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空。 1. Which lesson is __________________________ (difficult) in Book 2? 2. Alice writes _______________________(careful ) than I. 3. That was one of ______________________( excited) moments(瞬间,时刻) in 2008. 4. This kind of food must be ______________________ ( delicious )than that one. 5. Beihai Park is the second _______________________ (beautiful ) parks in Beijing. 6. Who’s _________________________(careful), Tom, Jim or Kate? 7. This question is ___________________________(easy) of the two. 8. He is _____________________(clever )boy in the class. 9. John is___________________ (short) than any other boy in his class. 10. She is ___________________(pretty)girl in the group. 11. Which film is _______________________ (interesting),this one or that one? 12. Can you show me___________________(near) shop here? 13. This bridge is as ____________ (long) as that one, but it is much ________ (wide) than that one. 14. Tom is 14, and Lucy is 12. So Lucy is two years _____________ than Tom. 15. My sister isn’t as ______________________ (smart) as my cousin Alice. 【知识点讲解】 Part One 形容词与副词的用法 (1) 形容词的基本用法 用来修饰名词或不定代词；表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。 1. 作定语 China is a beautiful country; I have something important to tell you. 注意：形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，形容词位于不定代词的后面。 2. 作表语 形容词常用在系动词后作表语 3. 作宾语补足语 keep/make+ sth./sb.+adj 例：He makes me happy. 4. the＋形容词：表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor. 谓语动词用复数 (2) 副词的基本用法 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、状态等。在句中主要作状语。 1. 修饰动词 I run fast. (副词fast修饰动词run) 2. 修饰其它副词 I fun too fast. (副词too 修饰副词fast) 3. 修饰形容词 It’s never too old to learn. (副词too 修饰形容词old) 4. 修饰整个句子 Luckily, I found my ID card. (副词luckily 修饰整个句子) (3) 形容词与副词的相互转换 1. 一般情况下直接加“ly” →quick---quickly 2. 以辅音字母加“y”结尾的形容词要变“y”为“i”，然后再加“ly” →happy---happily 3. 某些以辅音字母加不发音字母“e”结尾和以“ue”结尾的形容词要先去掉“e”, 然后再加“y”或“ly”.  →terrible---terribly   true---truly 4. 许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词，但有些以ly-结尾的词是形容词。 lovely friendly lively daily lonely 5. 有些词既可以做形容词，也可以做副词。 →fast---fast 6. 有些词形容词和副词词义相同，但拼写却不同。 →good---well.  7. 以“ll”结尾的词，只加“y”.  →full---fully 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 1. 原级，即原形； 2. 比较级，表示“较.....”或“更.....一些”； 3. 最高级，表示“最.....”。 (1) 比较级和最高级的构成 1. 规则变化 规则 原级 比较级 最高级 1 单音节词的比较级+er, 最高级+est short shorter shortest 2 以e结尾的单音节词比较级+r, 最高级+st nice nicer nicest 3 辅音字母+y结尾变y为i, 比较级再+er,最高级+est happy happier happiest 4 重读闭音节，双写结尾的辅音字母，比较级再+er，最高级+est big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest 5 某些双音节词和多音节词(3个或以上) 的比较级在前面+more或+less,最高级+the most或the least. slowly more slowly the most slowly interesting more interesting the most interesting expensive less expensive the least expensive 2. 不规则变化 两多两好两坏病，一老一少远距离 口诀 原级 比较级 最高级 口诀 原级 比较级 最高级 两多 many more most 一老 old elder(家庭中表长幼) eldest much older(岁数大，东西旧) oldest 两好 good better best 一少 little less least well 两坏病 bad worse worst 远距离 far farther(距离远) further(程度深，深入) farthest furthest badly ill (2) 原级、比较级与最高级的用法 1. 原级 (1) 同级比较 1　 肯定句中的结构为：… + as + 形容词或副词原级 + as … 否定句中的结构为：…+ not as / so + 形容词或副词原级 + as… English is as interesting as Chinese. This book isn’t so new as that one. 2　 表示倍数时，结构为：倍数+as+原形+as This room is twice as big as that one. (2) 前有very, so, too, quite, rather 等词修饰时。 I am very glad to help you. Caring about the ones we love is quite important. (3) 原级后跟enough 注意：形容词和副词放在enough的前面 He is not old enough to go to school. 2. 比较级的用法 (1) than 1 两者比较：A … + 比较级 + than + B Lily’s room is bigger than mine. 2 大几倍：倍数 + 比较级 + than This room is three times bigger than that one. 3 比其他任何都……：比较级 + than + any other + 单数可数名词 比较级 + than + the other + 复数可数名词 Li lei is taller than any other student in his class. = Li lei is taller than the other students in his class. = Li lei is the tallest in his class. (2) 比较级的修饰词 在形容词和副词的比较级前，可以用much, a little, even, a lot, far等修饰. It is much colder today. You did far better than him. Even worse, I lost my wallet. (3) 前后有比较级 1 越来越……：比较级 + and + 比较级 more and more + 形容词/副词原级 当形容词为多音节词或部分双音节词时 It’s getting hotter and hotter in summer. She became more and more beautiful. 2 越…….， 就越……：the + 比较级，the + 比较级 The busier we are, the happier we will be. 3 句子中前后相互对应 If we work harder, we can get better grades. (4) 句意中含比较 1 无其他提示，但可从句意中推断比较级。 Who is taller, Bill or Mike? 2 两者中较为....的一个：the +比较级+of the two. Jack is the younger of the two. 3. 最高级的用法 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。 (1) 一个范围里最……：最高级 … + in/of/among 形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China. Of the three shirts, I like the blue one best. He worked hardest among these students. (2) 最……的……之一：one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数形式 Wang Junkai is one of the most popular singers. (3) 第几个最……：the +序数词+最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. Part Three 易混词 1. -ing形容词和–ed形容词的区别 1. -ing形容词表示物的性质和状态，意为“令人……的”，主语一般是物； 1. -ed形容词表示人的感受，意为“感到……的”，主语一般是人。 exciting / excited tiring / tired touching / touched amazing / amazed boring / bored disappointing / disappointed interesting / interested relaxing / relaxed pleasing / pleased moving / moved frightening / frightened satisfying / satisfied 例： He is __________(surprise) to hear the __________(surprise) news. 1. 以-ly结尾的形容词 许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词，但有些以ly-结尾的词是形容词。 lovely friendly lively daily lonely 1. enough的用法 enough+名词：enough time / money / food 形容词+enough：old enough easy enough 1. good和well的区别 1. good是形容词，用作表语和定语，它表示电影、书籍等某种东西的内容好，表示人品善良等。 It’s a good day. 1. well是形容词和副词，作形容词时，只作表语，指身体健康。 Take this medicine three times a day and you will be well soon. You played football very well. 1. ill和sick的区别 两者都是“病的，生病的”意思，都可以用作表语，但作定语时只用sick不用ill. He was ill/sick. 主 系 表 The sick woman was Jane. 定 主 系 表 1. also, too, either和as well的区别 1 We also went to see the movie. 2 He likes apples, I like apples, too. 3 If you don’t go to the park, I won’t, either. 4 He is a scientist. I am a scientist as well. 1. hard和hardly的区别 (1) hard adj. 硬的，困难的，努力的 adv. 努力，猛烈地，严重地 (2) hardly adv. 几乎不 例： 1 To get good grades, he works very (努力). 2 The floor is so (硬) that I feel uncomfortable. 3 It’s raining (大). I can (几乎不) see the things in front of me. 1. sometimes, sometime, some times, some time的区别 (1) sometimes 有时，用于一般现在时 (2) sometime 某时，用于过去或将来时 (3) some times 几次，几倍，多数用于现在完成时 (4) some time 一段时间，用于将来时和现在完成时 some time 一些 时间 1）Sometimes he goes to school on foot. 2）Will you come to see me sometime next week? 3）I have been to Guilin some times so far. 4) I will stay in Guangzhou for some time. 【巩固练习】 Part One 1. Rainy days make me ________(sad). 1. Listen to me ________(careful). Then you will find it ________(easy) to do it by yourself. 1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. ________(Luck), there was no money in it. 1. Mobile phones are ________(wide) used in most of the cities in China. 1. The fish smells ________(bad). You should throw it to the dustbin as ________(quick) as possible. 1. We should keep our hands ________(open) and eyes ________(close). 1. It’s getting ________(dark). You can’t walk home ________(slow). 1. He put on his coat and went out ________(quick). 1. We should not look down upon the ________(poor). 1. Let’s search this room for something ________(value). 11.Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen a ________(good) one this year. 12.Sometimes it often rains _______(heavy) in my hometown in summer. 13.Of all the subjects, English is ________(interest) for me. 14. After talking with Mike, Mrs. Li knew _________ (much) about him. 15. There are many kinds of ____________ (difference) skirts in the new clothes store. Part Two 1. Spring is coming. The weather is getting ________ and ________.(warm) 2. It is a little ________(wet) today than yesterday. 3. The harder you work, the ________(much) progress you’ll make. 4. The Yellow River is the second ________(long) river in China. 5. Li Ming is the ________(tall) of the two. 6. I don’t feel any ________(good). I feel even ________(ill). 7. There is ________ water in this cup than in that one.(little) 8. Light is one of ________(great) ________(invent) in the world. 9. He jumps ________(high) than me, but I jump ________(far) than him. 10. The boy is not so ________(interesting) as his brother. 11. In the war against COVID-19, the Chinese government is making efforts to make sure the vaccine（疫苗）is ______(wide) taken all over the country. 12. Have you ever taken part in ______________ (environment) activities? 13. Mobile phones play an important role in our ________ (day) life. 14.The kid felt very _________ (excite) when they were flying kites. 15.The _________ (color) kites are flying in the sky. What a grand sight! Part three 1. According to a recent study, _______(几乎) three fifths of working mothers in China don’t want to have a second child. 2. Though he had study Russian for 5 years, he can _______(几乎不) speak the language. 3. We must take the examination (严肃地). 4. My sister is only four years old and looks very (可爱的). 5. Please keep the door (开着的) and the windows (关着的). 6. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted ________(good) if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. 7. A journey by train is ______(relax) than by coach. 8. I can’t hear you _______(clear). Please speak a little louder. 9. Tom fell off his bike, and his hand was hurt _______(bad). 10. _______(tradition), Chinese people celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival by enjoying the full moon and eating mooncakes. 11. Earthquakes always happen _______(sudden), so it is difficult to know when they come. 12. Among the four seas off the coast of China, East China Sea is the second _______(deep). 13. I don’t feel ________(lonely) although I live ________(lonely) in the house. 14. To keep fit, we should eat ________ (health) and take more exercise. 15. We should have ________(health) eating habits. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$