Module 7 课文讲解 2024-2025学年外研版英语九年级上册

语法 1.一般现在时的被动语态 课标词语 discuss讨论;谈论 similar adj.相似的;thinker n.思想家;wise 明智的;有判断力的 review评论(文章) influence 影响;作用于 sense道理;意义;合理性 suppose猜想;推测;相信;认为 adventure冒险(经历)well-known众所周知的;著名的 escape逃离;逃跑 cave洞穴dead死的;去世的 neighbour邻居 funeral 葬礼 surprised惊奇的;惊讶的 alive活着的 southern南方的state州;邦action举止;行为;情节everyday日常的;普通的dialogue对话 make sense易理解;合情理;有意义 by the way顺便提一下 get into trouble遇上麻烦run away逃走;逃跑 for a time一小段时间;一度;一时pay for为.....付出代价 Unit 1 1.What’s up? 【交际】What’s up?是交际用语,意为“怎么了?”,用于询问对方出了什么状况。它的 同义表达是What’s going on?/What’s happening?/What’s the matter?/What’s wrong? What’ up?Why does everyone look so sad? 怎么啦?大家为什么看起来如此悲伤? 2.I want to join an Internet group to discuss great books by great writers. 【词块】discuss在此作及物动词,意为“讨论、谈论”,常接表示“事物”的词作宾语。表示“与某人讨论某事”用discuss sth with sb。 Do we need to discuss this question? 这个问题还用得着讨论吗? I will discuss the situation with colleagues tomorrow.我将明天和同事们讨论这个情况。 知识归纳 discuss作及物动词时还可以意为“详述”。 I will discuss the role of diet in cancer prevention in Chapter 7. 我将在第7章详述饮食在癌症预防中的作用。 3.I accept that they’re great because their works are still read by many people today. 【难点1】本句是含有宾语从句、原因状语从句的复合句。I accept是主句, that they’re great ...... today是that引导的宾语从句。同时,该宾语从句也是一个复合句,they’re great是主句,because their works are......today是because引导的原因状语从句。 【词块】work在此作可数名词,意为“作品、著作”,多指写作或绘画作品。它可以用a修饰,复数形式是works。 In my opinion, this book is Lu Xun' s greatest work. 在我看来,这是伦勃朗最伟大的作品。 The country had lots of its art works destroyed in the war. 那个国家有许多艺术作品毁于战争。 【难点2】are still read by many people用的是“be(am/is/are) +动词的过去分词+ by短语”结构。这是一般现在时的被动语态结构,表示“……被……”,be动词的形式要根据主语来确定,by短语说明动作是由谁做的。 I am punished by my teacher.我受到老师的惩罚。 This tree is planted by him.这棵树是他种植的。 These gifts are bought by me.这些礼物是我买的。 4.But I think I’d describe Confucius more as a teacher and thinker than a writer. 【词块1】think的后面接了一个省略连词that的宾语从句。’d是情态动词would的缩写形式,要与动词原形一起构成谓语,在此用于提出看法,语气显得委婉。 【词块2】句中用了describe sb/sth as...短语,表示“把......描述是......”。describe是及物动词,意为“描述”,接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语。as是介词,可以接名词或形容词。 He describes himself as an artist. 他自称是艺术家。 He describes the movie as horrible.他把那部影片描述为恐怖。 知识归纳 describe作及物动词意为“描述”时还有以下几种用法: 1.describe sb/sth to sb表示“给某人描述某人/物”。 Can you describe your son to me? 你能给我描述一下你儿子吗? Can you describe your hometown to me?你能给我描述一下你的故乡吗? 2.describe doing sth表示“描述做某事”。 These verbs describe holding things tightly. 这些动词描述紧握某物。 3.describe+疑问词引导的宾语从句 It’s difficult to describe how I feel. 很难描述我的感受。 【词块3】句中more as a teacher and thinker than a writer用的是more A than B短语,表示“与其说是B,不如说是A”,more和than的后面要连接并列的成分,强调的重点是more后面的内容。它的同义结构是“less B than A”。 She is more a dancer than a singer.与其说她是一名歌手,不如说她是一名舞蹈家。 Success is more hard work than good luck.成功来自努力,而非好运。 He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时,与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。 知识拓展 1.no more......than......表示“和……一样不……”,表示两者都否定。此外,它也可以“表示“不……正如……不……一样”。 Marry is no more diligent than Tom. 玛丽和汤姆两个人都不勤奋。 We can no more leave the Party than fish can leave water. 我们不能离开党,正如鱼儿离不开水一样。 2.not more...... than......表示“不如......”,可以与 not so / as … as 互换使用。 This story is not more interesting than that one. = This story is not so / as interesting as that one. 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。 5.He was a very wise man. 【词块】wise是形容词,意为“有判断力的、明智的”,可以作表语或定语。它的反义词是unwise,意为“不明智的”。 It is wise to accept your invitation.接受你的邀请很明智。 I have made a wise decision.我做了一个明智的决定。 This is an unwise choice.这是一个不明智的选择。 6.each of us reads a favourite book and writes a review for the discussion 【词块1】each在此作代词,意为“每个”,构成each of短语,要接复数名词或复数代词。该结构作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 Each of the students has ten books.这些学生每人有十本书。 Each of us likes this teacher.我们中的每个人都喜欢这位老师。 妙辨异同 each和every的异同点: 相同点:each和every作形容词时都意为“每个的”,修饰单数可数名词。它们修饰单数名词作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 Every student goes to the museum.每个学生都去博物馆。 Each room seats fifty students.每个房间坐50个学生。 不同点: 1. each还可以作代词和副词,every不可以。 (1)each作代词时意为“各自”,作主语、宾语、同位语。它作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。它放在复数名词/复数代词后面作同位语时谓语动词要用复数形式。 Two boys enter.Each carries a bag. 两个男孩进来了。每个都拿着书包。(each作主语) He gives two books to each.他给了每个人两本书。(each作介词to的宾语) We each have our own offices. 我们每个人都有各自的办公室。(each作we的同位语) (2)each作副词时意为“各自地”。 Give them two books each.给他们每个人两本书。 2.each可以与of搭配,every不与of搭配。 3.谈到两个或两个以上的人或事物用each,谈到三个及以上的人或事物用every或each都可以。 There is a line of trees on each side of the river.河的两边各有一行树。 There is a chair in every/each corner of the room.房间的每一个角落都有一把椅子。 4.each可以直接与other搭配,意为“互相”。every与other搭配时要接单数名词,表示“每隔......”。 We should help each other.我们应该互相帮助。 We have English lessons every other day.我们每隔一天上一次英语课。 5.every可以用于every+基数词+复数名词,each不可以。 every three days每三天/每隔两天 【词块2】review在此作可数名词,意为“评论(文章)”。 I am writing a review for this book.我正在为这本书写评论。知识归纳 1.review作及物动词时意为“检验、评论、复习”。 They reviewed each aspect of the plan. 他们对计划的各个方面进行了审核。 She reviews the new movie once a week in one of the evening papers. 她在一家晚报上每周评论一次新影片。 I review what I have learned at school every evening. 我每晚都复习在学校学到的内容。 2.review作不及物动词时意为“写评论、复习功课”。 Sometimes he reviewed for the principal papers. 他有时为各大报写些评论文章。 They reviewed for the term examination till late at night. 他们为期未考试复习功课直到深夜。 7.We’re still influenced by Confucius’s ideas 【词块】句中用了be influenced by sb/sth短语,表示“受某人/物影响”,这是及物动词influence的被动语态结构。influence在此意为“影响”,可以接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语。,还可以接动词不定式短语,构成influence sb to do sth结构,表示“影响某人做某事”。 Crops are influenced by weather.庄稼受天气的影响。 We became the best of friends and he influenced me deeply. 我们成了最好的朋友,而他深深地影响了我。 Don’t let me influence your decision.不要让我影响你的决定。 Don’t influence him to make a decision.不要影响他做决定。 知识拓展influence作可数名词时意为“影响”,构成have an influence on短语,表“对……有影响”。influence前面可用形容词作定语,此时要结合形容词首字母的发音判断其前面的不定冠词用a还是an,on可以与upon互换。 What you have done has an influence on / upon me. 你所做的事情对我有影响。 Our English teacher has a positive influence on/upon us. 我们的英语老师对我们有积极的影响。 8. Shakespeare’s plays also make a lot of sense to us today. 【词块】句中用了“make a lot of sense to sb”短语,表示“对某人来说很有意义”。sense在此作不可数名词,意为“意义”。 What you say makes a lot of sense to me.你说的话对我意义重大。 知识归纳 sense的其他含义: 1.作可数名词时意为“感觉”,构成“a sense of + 名词”结构,表示“一种……感”。sense的前面可以用形容词作定语,of后面常接表示事物的词。 Post players should have a good sense of spacing. 内线球员要有空间感。 2.作不可数名词时构成动词短语make sense,表示“有道理、合乎情理、有意义”。还可以构成动词短语make sense of,表示“了解......的意思”。 It makes sense to take care of your health. 关心你的健康是有道理的。 It doesn’t seem to make sense. 这件事似乎不合情理。 It all started to make sense. 这一切都开始变得有意义。 Can you make sense of what I say? 你能领会我说的意思吗? 3.作及物动词时意为“感觉到”,常接表示“事物”的词作宾语。 He looks about him, sensing danger.他四下看了看,感觉到有危险。 9.By the way 【词块】by the way是固定短语,意为“顺便提一下”,用于在交谈中插入新话题、题外话或评论。它放在句首时要用逗号将其与后面的内容隔开。 By the way, don’t mention her to Mr. Bush.顺便提一下,别跟布什先生提到她。 By the way, do you know he has been married for one year? 顺便提一句,你知道他结婚一年了吗? 9. what do you think of Mark Twain,the great American writer in the nineteenth century? 【句型】What do/does+人+think of sb/sth?表示“.......觉得......怎么样?”该句型用于询问某人对某人/物的看法,同义表达是“How do/does+人+like sb/sth?”回答是用描述性质的形容词。 —What do you think of Lu Xun?/How do you like Lu Xun?你觉得鲁迅怎么样? —He is great.他很伟大。 —What does Tom think of this art work?/How does Tom think of this art work? —It is beautiful.很漂亮。 11.but I suppose he isn’t as well-known as Confucius or Shakespeare. 【词块1】suppose在此作及物动词,意为“猜想、推测、相信、认为”,接了省略that的宾语从句“he isn’t......Shakespeare”。suppose前面的主语是第一人称代词,时态是一般现在时,其后接的that引导的宾语从句含有否定词时可以发生否定转移现象,将从句的否定词转移到主句中,因此本句可以写成but I don’t suppose he is as well-known as Confucius or Shakespeare。 I suppose (that) he is right. 我想他是对的。 I don’t suppose(that)he can finish the task on time.我想他不能按时完成任务。 【难点】宾语从句he isn’t as well-known as Confucius or Shakespeare中了“not+as+形容词原级+B”结构,表示“......不如B......”。第一个as可以换成so,它后面的形容词必须用原级,第二个as的后面可以接表示“人、事物”的词语,也可以接句子。知识归纳 suppose的其他用法: 1.“suppose + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语”表示“猜测某人 /某物在……”。如: He supposed his friend in the library. 他猜想他的朋友在图书馆里。 2.“suppose + 名词 / 代词 + to be”表示“猜想某人……”。 She supposed her sister to be in the park. 她猜想她妹妹在公园。 I supposed the girl to be a teacher. 我猜这个女孩是位老师。 3. suppose用于祈使句,表示“假定”。 Suppose we start tomorrow. 假定我们明天动身。 4.在口语中,用“I suppose so.”表示“我认为是这样。” 用“I don't suppose so./ I suppose not.表示“我认为不是这样。” -Is she a doctor?她是医生吗? -I suppose so. 我想是吧。 -Will he come?他会来吗? -I don't suppose so./ I suppose not. 我想他不会来。 5. be supposed to do sth表示“应该做某事”。 You are supposed to go to bed now.你现在应该上床睡觉。 He is not so/as careful as me.他不如我细心。 Linda is not so/as tall as I am.琳达不如我高。 The boy doesn’t look so/as fat as Peter.这个男孩看起来没有彼得胖。 知识回顾 1.A+be动词/感官动词+as+形容词原级+as+B.表示“A和B一样......”。 English is as important as Chinese.英语和中文一样重要。 2.A+行为动词+as+副词原级+as+B.表示“A和B一样......”。 He studies as hard as we do. 他学习和我们一样努力。 【词块2】well-known是形容词,在此意为“众所周知的、著名的”,可以作表语或定语。 It is well-known that bamboo shoots are a panda's main diet. 众所周知,竹笋是熊猫的主要食物。 "The most expensive in twenty-first century is talent, " This is a well-known truth. “21世纪最贵的是人才”,这是众所周知的一个事实。 This is a well-known mark.这是驰名商标。 12.Why don’t you join in the discussion and tell us about it? 【句型】本句是“Why don’t you+动词原形+其他?”句型,表示“你为什么不......呢?” 该句型用于提出建议,可以与句型“Why not+动词原形+其他?”互换。 Why don’t you go swimming now? =Why not go swimming now?你为什么不现在去游泳呢? Why don’t you buy a sleeping bag? =Why not buy a sleeping bag?你为什么不买一个睡袋呢? Unit 2 1.The story is set in the town of St Petersburg,Missouri,the US,in the nineteenth century. 【词块】句中用了be set in短语,表示“以……为背景”。 The story is set in the early days of World War . 这个故事以第二次世界大战初期为背景。 The film is set in Wuhan,one of the cities in China,in the 1970s. 这部电影以20世纪70年代的武汉,中国的一个城市,为背景。 2. It tells some exciting stories about a boy who has many adventures. 【词块】这是含有定语从句的复合句。It tells some exciting stories about a boy是主句。exciting是形容词,意为“令人激动的”,可以作表语,也可以作定语修饰表示“人、事物”的词。 This story is very exciting.这故事令人激动。 You will meet new and exciting people that may give more meaning to your life. 你会遇到新的和令人激动的人们,他们可能会给你的生活带来更多的意义。 【难点】who has many adventures是关系代词who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a boy。who引导定语从句时必须修饰表示“人”的词,此时在从句中作主语,因此不能省略,但可以与关系代词that互换。它在定语从句作宾语时可以省略,也可以与that互换。adventure是可数名词,意为“(冒险)经历”。用法辨析:excited和exciting作形容词时都可以表示“兴奋的”,区别如下: 1. excited意为“感到激动的”,作表语时固定结构为“人+be excited to do sth.”,表示“感到激动做某事”。它还可以构成“人+be excited+宾语从句.”。exciting不用于这些结构。 The kids are excited to hear that they can go camping. 孩子们听说他们可以去露营,感到很兴奋。 I am excited that Peter will come to my birthday party. 我很激动彼得将要来参加我的生日聚会。 2. excited可以作定语修饰“人”,也可以修饰与“人”相关的事物,比如(人的)表情、交谈等等。 The excited girl quickly calmed down. 那位激动的女孩很快就镇静下来。 His excited expression suggested that he had got exciting marks . 脸上兴奋的表情表明了他取得了令人兴奋的好成绩。 The man who/that teaches us English is Mr. Green. 那个教我们英语的男人是格林先生。(who/that在定语从句中作主语,不能省略) She is the girl(who/that)I met at the party. 她是我在晚会上遇见的那个女孩。(who/that在定语从句中作met的宾语,可以省略) I set off for a new adventure in Alaska on the first day of the new year. 我在新年第一天出发去阿拉斯加进行一次新的冒险。 知识拓展 adventure作不可数名词时意为“冒险精神”。 Their cultural backgrounds gave them a spirit of adventure. 他们的文化背景赋予了他们一种冒险精神。 3.He does not like people telling him what to do 【词块】like people telling him用的是like sb(宾语)doing sth(宾补)结构,表示“喜欢某人做某事”。 telling him是V-ing结构作宾语补足语,是由people发出的动作。 I like them telling me some jokes.我喜欢他们跟我讲一些笑话。 I don’t you coming late.我不喜欢你晚到。 4.so he always gets into trouble. 【词块】get into trouble是动词短语,意为“遇上麻烦”,强调动作。 If you get into trouble, I’ll help you out. 如果你遇到麻烦,我会帮助你走出困境。 You will get into trouble if you park your car here. 你把车停在这儿,会遇上麻烦的。 5.run away to an island 【词块】run away是“不及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“逃跑、逃走”,其后不接宾语。表示“逃到某地”用run away to+地点名词。表示“逃离某地”用run away from+地点名词。 The thief has run away when the policemen come. 警察来时小偷已经跑了。 They have already run away to the USA.他们已经逃到美国了。 That boy ran away from home yesterday.那个男孩昨天离家出走了。 6.Tom has more trouble because a bad man named Injun Joe is looking for him. 【难点】named Injun Joe是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰a bad man。named表示“名叫”,相当于called,要接表示“名字”的词构成后置定语,表示被动。该短语可以转换为定语从句who/that is named Injun Joe。 The girl named Amy is my sister. =The girl who/that is called Amy is my sister.那个名叫埃米的女孩是我妹妹。 知识归纳: 1.单个过去分词作后置定语修饰名词时可以转换为定语从句。 The things listed are all to be bought. =The things that/which are listed are all to be bought.所列的东西全都是要买的。 2.单个V-ing或V-ing短语作后置定语修饰名词时,表示主动或动作正在进行,可以转换为定语从句。它用于描述被修饰词的特征或被修饰词正在进行的动作。 The man working is my uncle. =The man who/that is working is my uncle. 在干活的人是我叔叔。(working表示主动,是the man正在进行的动作) There is a path leading to the church. =There is a path which/that leads to the church. 有一条小路通往教堂。(leading to the church表示主动,描述path具有的特征) 7.Tom escapes from a cave with another friend 【词块】escape from是短语动词,意为“逃离”,要接表示“地点”的词作宾语。 He escaped from prison in October. 他十月份从监狱中逃了出来。 知识归纳 1. escape作不及物动词时意为“逃跑”,相当于run away。表示“逃到某地”用escape/run away to+地点。 It is said that they have escaped(run away)to Yunnan. 据说他们逃到云南了。 2.escape作及物动词时意为“逃脱”。 The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury. 那两名官员非常幸运地逃过了严重伤害。 8.He also finds Injun Joe’ s treasure box and takes it away. 【词块】take away是短语动词,意为“带走”,可以接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语。它接名词时名词放在away前后都可以,接代词时代词要放在away之前。 Some minutes later, the police came and took the man away. 过了几分钟,警察来了,把那个人带走了。 You can take away this book.你可以把这本书带走。 The police came and took them away. 警察来带走了他们。 9.My favourite part of the book is when Tom and Huck start their adventures on the island in the Mississippi River. 【难点】when Tom ... River是由when引导的表语从句,放在is后面作表语。when在此相当于the time when,表示“……的时候”,在该从句中作时间状语。 I still remember that my best time at middle school is when I became a member of the football team. 我仍然记得我在中学最好的时光是我成为足球队员的时候。 知识拓展when引导表语从句中时还可以意为“何时”,在从句中作时间状语,从句必须用陈述语序。 The question is when we can finish our work. 问题是我们何时能完成我们的工作。 10.They hide and watch for a time when they see their family and neighbours coming to their funeral in the church. 【词块1】They hide and watch for a time是主句。for a time是介词短语,意为“一小段时间、一度、一时”,作时间状语。 He was very hard up for a time. 他一度生活很窘。 We have lived in Shanghai for a time.我们在上海住了一小段时间。 【词块2】在when引导的时间状语从句中,see their family and neighbours coming所的是“see sb/sth(宾语)doing sth(宾补)”结构,表示“看到某人/物正在做某事”,强调看到的动作正在进行。neighbour是可数名词,意为“邻居”,是英式英语。对应的美式英语是neighbor。 I saw him swimming in the river.我看见他在河里游泳。 We’re glad to see the trees growing so well. 看到树长得这么好,我们很高兴。 知识回顾:see sb/sth(宾语)do sth(宾补)表示“看到某人做了某事”,强调看到动作的全过程。do sth前面必须省略动词不定式符号to,是由sb/sth发出的动作。 I saw him swim across the river.我看见他游过了河。 I saw the cat drink some milk just now.我刚才看到这只猫喝了一些牛奶。 【词块3】coming to their funeral是“come to+活动类名词”短语,表示“来参加某个活动”(to在此作介词)。funeral是可数名词,意为“葬礼”。 Do you want to come to the football match?你想要来参加足球比赛吗? Laughing and joking are improper at a funeral. 葬礼时大笑和开玩笑是不合适的。 知识归纳 1.come与介词to搭配还可以表示“来某地、加起来总共有、涉及”。 Come to London.来伦敦。 The bill comes to 100 yuan.费用累计100元。 When it comes to Japanese,I feel confused. 谈到日语时我感到很困惑。 2.come接动词不定式作目的状语。此外,它接动词不定式还可以表示经过某一过程而发生某一情况,翻译为“开始、渐渐地”。 I come to help you.我过来帮你。 You’ll come to understand your parents someday. 你总有一天会理解你的父母。 11.Everyone is surprised to see them at first,but very pleased to find that they are alive. 【词块1】is surprised to see them用的是be surprised to do sth短语,表示“吃惊做某事”。to see them作主语补足语,是由everyone发出的动作。 He was surprised to meet his son in the Internet cafe. 在网吧里遇见了儿子,他很吃惊。 【词块2】该句用了(be)pleased to do sth短语,表示“高兴做某事”,pleased可以与happy/glad互换,to find that they are alive是动作不定式作主语补足语。 用法辨析 surprised和surprising作形容词时都表示“吃惊的”,区别如下: 1. surprised意为“感到吃惊的”,作表语时可以构成“人+be surprised+动词不定式/宾语从句”结构。surprising意为“令人吃惊的”,作表语常用于描述“事物”,不能构成这些结构。 I am surprised that he passes the exam. 我对他通过了考试感到吃惊。 The news is surprising. 这个消息令人吃惊。 2.surprised作定语时可以修饰人,也可以修饰与人有关的事物。surprising作定语时通常修饰事物。 Can you imagine how surprised the man in this picture was when he found this lizard? 你能想像照片中的男子发现这只蜥蜴时有多惊讶吗? He had a surprised expression on his face. 他脸上露出了惊讶的表情。 He tells me the surprising truth.他告诉我令人惊讶的真相。 I am pleased/happy/glad to give a speech here.我很高兴在这里作演讲。 【词块3】that they are alive是that引导的宾语从句。alive是形容词,意为“活的”,在此作表语。它还可以作后置定语或补足语,可以修饰人、动物,侧重表示“活着的、有生命的”。 Is the snake alive or dead? 这条蛇是死的还是活的?(alive作表语) The medicine can keep them alive. 药物能让他们活着。(alive作宾语补足语) He is the only man alive who could do it. 活着的人只有他能做这件事。(alive作后置定语) The fish were caught alive. 这些鱼被活捉。(alive作主语补足语) 词语辨析:alive、living,live作形容词时都可以意为“活着的”,区别如下: 1.living常作前置定语,修饰人、动物、事物,侧重指“有生命的”。它有时也可以置于名词之后作定语,也可以作表语。 No man living could do better. 当代人没有一个能活得比这更好。(living作后置定语)。 Is Mrs. Smith still living?史密斯太太还在世吗?(living作表语) English is a living language. 英语是一门鲜活的语言。(living作前置定语) 2.live常作前置定语,描述除人以外的动物或植物,侧重指“活生生的”。 Have you seen a live whale?你看见过活的鲸鱼吗? 12.It is more than an adventure story. 【词块】句中用了“more than+名词”结构。more than在此表示“不仅仅是”。 Kate was more than a teacher. She also did what she could to look after her students. 凯特不仅仅是位老师,她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。 Hibernation is more than sleep. 冬眠不只是睡觉。 知识拓展 1.no more than意为“只是、仅仅”。 Their new flat has no more than 60 square metres. 他们的新居只有60平方米。 2. not more than表示“至多、不超过”。 Lying on the ground was a peasant boy of not more than seventeen. 躺在地上的那个农家男孩最多十七岁。 13. how bad people pay for their actions 【词块】pay for是短语动词,意为“为……付出代价”,要接表示“事物”的词作宾语。 John paid dearly for his mistake. 约翰为自己的错误付出了很大的代价。 You have paid for your carelessness.你为你的粗心付出了代价。 15.It is written in everyday English 【词块】everyday是形容词,意为“日常的”,,相当于daily,常放在名词前面作定语。 They are part of his everyday/daily life. 它们是他的每天生活的一部分。 用法辨析:every day和everyday的区别 every day意为“每天”,作时间状语。 Every day she watches TV.她每天看电视。 16.it is thought to be one of the greatest American stories 【词块】句中用了be thought to be......短语,表示“被认为是”,相当于people think...... He’s thought to be one of the richest men in Europe.人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。 知识归纳 类似的结构还有: 1. be said to be表示“据说”。 He is said to be the tallest man in China.据说他是中国最高的男人。 2.be believed to be表示“人们相信”。 He is believed to be the kindest boy in this school. 人们相信他是这个学校最善良的男孩。 Unit 3 一般现在时的被动语态 一.一般现在时的被动语态结构由“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”构成,be动词的形式要根据主语来确定,表示“......被......”,句型如下: 肯定句:主语+am/is/are+过去分词+(by+名词/代词). I am criticized by him.我遭到他批评。 否定句:主语+am/is/are not+过去分词+(by+名词/代词). He is not asked questions by the teacher.他没被老师问问题。 一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词+(by+名词/代词)? Are these computers made in the UK?这些计算机是在英国制造的吗? 特殊疑问词:疑问词+am/is/are+过去分词+(by+名词/代词)? When are these computers made in the UK?这些计算机是什么时候在英国制造的? 二.一般现在时的主动语态转换为被动语态的方法和口诀。 方法:主动语态的主语变被动语态时要变成“by+主语(代词用宾格)”。主动语态的谓语动词变被动语态时要变为am/is/are+该动词的过去分词(be动词的形式取决于主语)。主动语态的宾语要变为被动语态的主语。 口诀:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。 We use a recorder in our English class.我们在英语课上用录音机。 A recorder is used in our English class by us.录音机在英语课上被我们使用。 He asks us to clean the room.他要求我们打扫房间。 We are asked to clean the room by him.我们被他要求打扫教室。 三.被动语态的特殊用法 1.英语中有些及物动词,比如give,可接双宾语。把含有这些词的句子变为被动语态时,被动语态既可以用人作主语,又可以用事物作主语。 主动语态:Tom gives me a book./Tom gives a book to me.汤姆给了我一本书。 被动语态:I am given a book by Tom./A book is given to me by Tom. 2.make sb do sth表示“使某人做某事”(do的前面必须省略动词不定式符号to)。把它变为被动语态时要用be made to do sth(be made的后面必须带上动词不定式符号to)。 主动:I make him cry.我把他弄哭了。 被动:He is made to cry by me.他被我弄哭了。 3.see/hear sb do sth表示“看到/听到某人做了某事”(do sth前面要省略动词不定式符号to)。把它们变为被动语态时要用be seen/heard to do sth(be seen/heard的后面必须带上动词不定式符号to)。 主动:I see him break the window.我看到他打破了窗户。 被动:He is seen to break the window by me.他被我看到打破了窗户。 主动:We hear him sing.我们听到他唱歌了。 被动:He is heard to sing by us.他唱歌被我们听到了。 四,被动语态的注意事项: 1.被动语态表示“被......”,可以结合具体语境翻译为“受到、遭受”等等。如果不知道或没必要说明动作是由谁做的,可以省略by+名词/代词。 2.不及物动词、连系动词、感官动词没有被动语态结构。 3.不及物物动词+副词类型的短语,比如break out(爆发)、sell well(畅销)、come out(出版)等等,没有被动语态。 4.大部分“不及物动词+介词”类型的短语通常有被动语态,但arrive in/at(到达)、get to(到达)、belong to(属于)、happen to(碰巧发生)除外。 5.大部分及物动词、及物动词短语都可以用于被动语态,但以下动词及短语除外。 动词:fit(适合)have(有)own(拥有)marry(娶、嫁), wish(希望), cost(花费)、hold(容纳)、lack(缺乏)、equal(等于)、catch/get/take(明白) 短语:shake hands with(握手)take part in(参加) 6.及物动词接反身代词作宾语时没有被动语态。 I find myself in the park.我发现我自己在公园里。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$