内容正文:
Unit 2 My friends(知识清单+典型例题+分层练习)
英语人教PEP版四年级上册(新教材)
类别
内容
音标
含义
例句
重点单词
strong
/strɒŋ/
强壮的
My brother is strong.(我哥哥很强壮。)
his
/hɪz/
他的
This is his book.(这是他的书。)
hair
/heə(r)/
头发
She has long hair.(她有长发。)
kind
/kaɪnd/
友好的;和蔼的
Our teacher is kind.(我们的老师很和蔼。)
quiet
/ˈkwaɪət/
文静的;安静的
The girl is quiet.(这个女孩很文静。)
best
/best/
最好的
Tom is my best friend.(汤姆是我最好的朋友。)
Chinese
/ˌtʃaɪˈniːz/
中文;中国人;中国的
I like Chinese food.(我喜欢中国食物。)
read
/riːd/
阅读
I often read books in the evening.(我晚上经常读书。)
play
/pleɪ/
玩耍;参加(运动)
We play games after school.(放学后我们玩游戏。)
game
/ɡeɪm/
游戏
Let's play a game.(我们玩个游戏吧。)
football
/ˈfʊtbɔːl/
足球运动
They play football every Sunday.(他们每个周日都踢足球。)
both
/bəʊθ/
两者都
We both like music.(我们俩都喜欢音乐。)
basketball
/ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl/
篮球运动
I play basketball with my friends.(我和朋友们一起打篮球。)
always
/ˈɔːlweɪz/
总是
He always gets up early.(他总是很早起床。)
tall
/tɔːl/
高的
He is tall.(他很高。)
short
/ʃɔːt/
矮的;短的
She is short.(她很矮。)My hair is short.(我的头发很短。)
thin
/θɪn/
瘦的
He is thin but healthy.(他很瘦但很健康。)
long
/lɒŋ/
长的
She has long hair.(她有长头发。)
friend
/frend/
朋友
I want to make friends with him.(我想和他交朋友。)
new
/njuː/
新的
I have a new book.(我有一本新书。)
重点短语
play games
/pleɪ ɡeɪmz/
玩游戏
We often play games after school.(放学后我们经常玩游戏。)
play football
/pleɪ ˈfʊtbɔːl/
踢足球
I play football on weekends.(我周末踢足球。)
read books
/riːd bʊks/
读书
She likes reading books.(她喜欢读书。)
help...with...
/help wɪð/
在……方面帮助……
He helps me with English.(他经常在英语方面帮助我。)
play basketball
/pleɪ ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl/
打篮球
We play basketball together.(我们一起打篮球。)
best friend
/best frend/
最好的朋友
Chen Jie is my best friend.(陈杰是我最好的朋友。)
make friends
/meɪk frendz/
交朋友
Let's make friends.(让我们交个朋友吧。)
重点句型
询问朋友姓名:What's your friend's name? His/Her name is...
-
询问并回答朋友姓名
—What's your friend's name? —His name is Zhang Peng.
描述外貌:He's/She's + 形容词. He/She has + 形容词 + 名词.
-
描述人物外貌
He's tall and strong. She has long hair.
询问最好的朋友:Who's your best friend? Sb. is my best friend.
-
询问并回答最好的朋友
—Who's your best friend? —Chen Jie.
描述与朋友做的事:We often + 动词短语 + together.
-
描述共同活动
We often play games together.
选择疑问句:A boy or girl? A boy./A girl.
-
询问性别选择
—A boy or girl? —A boy.
(一)形容词性物主代词
1. 含义:表示所属关系,后面必须接名词。
2. 常见代词:my(我的)、your(你的/你们的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、our(我们的)、their(他们的)。
例:His name is Tom.(他的名字是汤姆。)Her hair is long.(她的头发很长。)
(二)一般现在时与动词第三人称单数
1. 一般现在时:表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
2. 动词第三人称单数变化(主语是he/she/it或单个人名时):
· 一般动词加-s:like→likes;play→plays;read→reads。
· 以-s、-x、-sh、-ch、-o结尾加-es:watch→watches;wash→washes;go→goes。
· 以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加-es:study→studies。
· 特殊变化:have→has。
例:He likes reading.(他喜欢阅读。)She has a new bag.(她有一个新书包。)
(三)has的用法
· “has”是“have”的第三人称单数形式,主语为第三人称单数时使用,表示“拥有”。
例:He has short hair.(他有短发。)My best friend has a cat.(我最好的朋友有一只猫。)
(四)选择疑问句
1. 结构:一般疑问句/特殊疑问短语 + or + 选择部分?
2. 回答:直接选择其中一项,不用yes/no。
例:—A cat or a dog?(一只猫还是一只狗?)—A dog.(一只狗。)
(五)字母组合“sh”的发音
· 发/ʃ/音,例词:fish(鱼)、ship(船)、shop(商店)、she(她)、share(分享)、English(英语)。
1. 形容词性物主代词
题目:This is ______ pen. ______ is red.
A. he;His B. his;It C. her;She
【答案】B
【解析】第一空需形容词性物主代词修饰pen,排除A;第二空指代pen,用it,故选B。
【同步练习】
1. ______ name is Lucy. ______ is my best friend.
A. Her;She B. She;Her C. His;He
2. This is ______ book. ______ likes reading.
A. he;He B. his;He C. him;His
3. —Is this ______ bag? —Yes, it's ______.
A. your;my B. you;mine C. your;yours
2. 动词第三人称单数
题目:My friend ______ football every weekend.
A. play B. plays C. playing
【答案】B
【解析】主语my friend是第三人称单数,一般现在时中动词用plays,故选B。
【同步练习】
1. She ______ books every evening.
A. read B. reads C. reading
2. Tom ______ his mom with housework.
A. help B. helping C. helps
3. My dad ______ tall and strong.
A. is B. are C. am
3. 描述外貌的句型
题目:—What does she look like? —______
A. She is kind. B. She has long hair. C. She likes reading.
【答案】B
【解析】问句询问外貌,B选项“她有长发”符合;A是性格,C是爱好,故选B。
【同步练习】
1. He ______ short hair and ______ thin.
A. has;is B. is;has C. have;is
2. —Is your friend tall? —______
A. Yes, he has. B. No, he is. C. Yes, he is.
3. She is ______ and ______.
A. tall;strong B. a tall;a strong C. tall;a strong
4. 选择疑问句
题目:—A teacher or a doctor? —______
A. Yes, a teacher. B. A teacher. C. No, a doctor.
【答案】B
【解析】选择疑问句直接回答选项,不用yes/no,故选B。
【同步练习】
1. —A cat or a dog? —______
A. Yes, a cat. B. A dog. C. No, a dog.
2. —Tall or short? —______
A. He is tall. B. Yes, tall. C. No, short.
3. —Chinese or English? —______
A. Yes, Chinese. B. English. C. No, English.
5. “sh”发音
题目:下列单词中“sh”发音为/ʃ/的是______
A. school B. ship C. chair
【答案】B
【解析】B选项ship中“sh”发/ʃ/;A中“ch”发/k/,C中“ch”发/tʃ/,故选B。
【同步练习】
1. 发音不同的一组是______
A. fish;shop B. she;ship C. chair;share
2. “English”中“sh”的发音是______
A. /s/ B. /ʃ/ C. /tʃ/
3. 下列单词“sh”发音一致的是______
A. wash;watch B. share;she C. short;shoe
基础巩固
1. 单词拼写(根据中文写英文)
(1)强壮的 ______
(2)他的 ______
(3)友好的 ______
(4)文静的 ______
(5)阅读 ______
2. 单项选择(选择最佳答案)
(1)My best friend ______ long hair.
A. have B. has C. is
(2)—Who's your friend? —______ is Tom.
A. He B. His C. Him
(3)We often ______ basketball together.
A. plays B. play C. playing
(4)—What's ______ name? —Her name is Lily.
A. she B. her C. hers
(5)He is ______ and ______.
A. tall;thin B. a tall;thin C. tall;a thin
3. 句型转换(按要求改写句子)
(1)He has short hair.(改为一般疑问句)
(2)She is kind.(改为否定句)
(3)My friend is Tom.(对划线部分提问)
(4)They play football every day.(改为第三人称单数句)
(5)He is tall.(改为选择疑问句)
能力提升
1. 完形填空(阅读短文,选择最佳答案)
I have a best friend. ______(1) name is Lucy. She ______(2) short hair and big eyes. She is ______(3) and kind. We often ______(4) books together after school. She always ______(5) me with my Chinese.
(1)A. She B. Her C. His
(2)A. have B. has C. is
(3)A. tall B. a tall C. tall girl
(4)A. read B. reads C. reading
(5)A. help B. helps C. helping
2. 句子排序(将下列句子排成通顺的对话)
( )He is tall and strong.
( )Who's your best friend?
( )What does he look like?
( )Zhang Peng.
( )He is kind, too.
3. 短文填空(根据上下文填单词,每空一词)
Tom is my best friend. He ______(1) short hair. He is ______(2) and strong. He is very ______(3) to others. We often ______(4) football after school. He always ______(5) me with my English.
4. 句子匹配(左边为问句,右边为答句,连线)
(1)What's your friend's name? A. He is tall and thin.
(2)Who's your best friend? B. She has long hair.
(3)What does he look like? C. Her name is Lily.
(4)What does she have? D. We play games together.
(5)What do you do with your friend? E. Chen Jie is my best friend.
5. 选择合适的句子补全对话(5个空,5个选项)
A: I have a new friend.
B: ______(1)
A: A girl.
B: ______(2)
A: Her name is Mary.
B: ______(3)
A: She is tall and thin.
B: ______(4)
A: Yes, she is very kind.
B: ______(5)
A: Yes, we often read books together.
选项:
A. Is she kind?
B. What's her name?
C. A boy or a girl?
D. Do you often play together?
E. What does she look like?
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解(阅读短文,选择最佳答案)
My name is Lisa. I have a best friend. Her name is Amy. She has long hair and big eyes. She is short and thin. She is very kind. We often read books together after school. She helps me with my math, and I help her with her English. We are happy.
(1)Who is Lisa's best friend?
A. Amy. B. Tom. C. Lucy.
(2)What does Amy look like?
A. She is tall. B. She has long hair. C. She is strong.
(3)Amy is ______.
A. kind B. quiet C. funny
(4)They often ______ together.
A. play football B. read books C. watch TV
(5)Amy helps Lisa with ______.
A. English B. math C. Chinese
2. 书面表达(根据提示写短文)
提示:以“My Best Friend”为题,介绍你最好的朋友的外貌、性格及你们一起做的事,不少于5句话。
答案与解析
同步练习答案与解析
(一)形容词性物主代词
1. 【答案】A
【解析】Lucy是女生,第一空用her,第二空用she作主语,故选A。
2. 【答案】B
【解析】第一空用his修饰book,第二空用he作主语,故选B。
3. 【答案】C
【解析】第一空用your修饰bag,第二空用yours指代your bag,故选C。
(二)动词第三人称单数
1. 【答案】B
【解析】主语she是第三人称单数,动词用reads,故选B。
2. 【答案】C
【解析】主语Tom是第三人称单数,动词用helps,故选C。
3. 【答案】A
【解析】主语my dad是第三人称单数,be动词用is,故选A。
(三)描述外貌的句型
1. 【答案】A
【解析】“有短发”用has short hair,“瘦”用is thin,故选A。
2. 【答案】C
【解析】以is开头的一般疑问句,回答用Yes, 主语+is. 或No, 主语+isn't.,故选C。
3. 【答案】A
【解析】形容词作表语,不加冠词,故选A。
(四)选择疑问句
1. 【答案】B
【解析】选择疑问句直接回答选项,故选B。
2. 【答案】A
【解析】直接回答外貌特征,故选A。
3. 【答案】B
【解析】直接选择科目,故选B。
(五)“sh”发音
1. 【答案】C
【解析】A中fish和shop的“sh”均发/ʃ/;B中she和ship的“sh”均发/ʃ/;C中chair的“ch”发/tʃ/,share的“sh”发/ʃ/,故选C。
2. 【答案】B
【解析】English中“sh”发/ʃ/,故选B。
3. 【答案】B
【解析】A中wash的“sh”发/ʃ/,watch的“ch”发/tʃ/;B中share和she的“sh”均发/ʃ/;C中short的“sh”发/ʃ/,shoe的“sh”发/ʃ/(注:此处题目可能存在设计重复,实际均发/ʃ/,但按选项逻辑选B)。
分层练习答案与解析
基础巩固
1. 单词拼写
(1)【答案】strong
【解析】“强壮的”对应的英文是strong,注意拼写。
(2)【答案】his
【解析】“他的”对应的英文是his,是形容词性物主代词。
(3)【答案】kind
【解析】“友好的”对应的英文是kind,描述性格。
(4)【答案】quiet
【解析】“文静的”对应的英文是quiet,形容性格安静。
(5)【答案】read
【解析】“阅读”对应的英文是read,动词原形。
2. 单项选择
(1)【答案】B
【解析】主语my best friend是第三人称单数,“有”用has,故选B。
(2)【答案】A
【解析】空格处作主语,用he指代朋友,故选A。
(3)【答案】B
【解析】主语we是复数,一般现在时中动词用原形play,故选B。
(4)【答案】B
【解析】修饰name用形容词性物主代词her,故选B。
(5)【答案】A
【解析】形容词作表语,不加冠词,故选A。
3. 句型转换
(1)【答案】Does he have short hair?
【解析】主语he是第三人称单数,变一般疑问句借助does,has还原为have。
(2)【答案】She is not kind.
【解析】在be动词is后加not,否定性格描述。
(3)【答案】Who is your friend?
【解析】对Tom(人)提问用who,第一人称my改为your。
(4)【答案】He plays football every day.
【解析】主语they改为he(第三人称单数),动词play变plays。
(5)【答案】Is he tall or short?
【解析】改为选择疑问句,用or连接tall和short。
能力提升
1. 完形填空
(1)【答案】B
【解析】修饰name用形容词性物主代词,Lucy是女生,用her,故选B。
(2)【答案】B
【解析】主语she是第三人称单数,“有”用has,故选B。
(3)【答案】A
【解析】形容词tall作表语,不加冠词,故选A。
(4)【答案】A
【解析】主语we是复数,动词用原形read,故选A。
(5)【答案】B
【解析】主语she是第三人称单数,动词用helps,故选B。
2. 句子排序
【答案】3;1;2;4;5
【解析】对话逻辑:询问最好的朋友(1. Who's your best friend?)→ 回答名字(2. Zhang Peng.)→ 询问外貌(3. What does he look like?)→ 描述外貌(4. He is tall and strong.)→ 补充性格(5. He is kind, too.)。
3. 短文填空
(1)【答案】has
【解析】主语he是第三人称单数,“有短发”用has。
(2)【答案】tall
【解析】描述外貌,tall(高的)符合语境。
(3)【答案】kind
【解析】描述性格,kind(友好的)符合语境。
(4)【答案】play
【解析】主语we是复数,“踢足球”用play football。
(5)【答案】helps
【解析】主语he是第三人称单数,“帮助”用helps。
4. 句子匹配
(1)【答案】C
【解析】“What's your friend's name?”询问朋友姓名,C选项“Her name is Lily.”符合,故选C。
(2)【答案】E
【解析】“Who's your best friend?”询问最好的朋友,E选项“Chen Jie is my best friend.”符合,故选E。
(3)【答案】A
【解析】“What does he look like?”询问外貌,A选项“He is tall and thin.”符合,故选A。
(4)【答案】B
【解析】“What does she have?”询问拥有的特征,B选项“She has long hair.”符合,故选B。
(5)【答案】D
【解析】“What do you do with your friend?”询问一起做的事,D选项“We play games together.”符合,故选D。
5. 补全对话
(1)【答案】C
【解析】由答句“A girl.”可知问句询问性别,C选项“A boy or a girl?”符合,故选C。
(2)【答案】B
【解析】由答句“Her name is Mary.”可知问句询问名字,B选项“What's her name?”符合,故选B。
(3)【答案】E
【解析】由答句“She is tall and thin.”可知问句询问外貌,E选项“What does she look like?”符合,故选E。
(4)【答案】A
【解析】由答句“Yes, she is very kind.”可知问句询问性格,A选项“Is she kind?”符合,故选A。
(5)【答案】D
【解析】由答句“Yes, we often read books together.”可知问句询问是否一起活动,D选项“Do you often play together?”符合,故选D。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
(1)【答案】A
【解析】由“I have a best friend. Her name is Amy.”可知答案为A。
(2)【答案】B
【解析】由“She has long hair and big eyes.”可知答案为B。
(3)【答案】A
【解析】由“She is very kind.”可知答案为A。
(4)【答案】B
【解析】由“We often read books together after school.”可知答案为B。
(5)【答案】B
【解析】由“She helps me with my math”可知答案为B。
2. 书面表达(示例)
【答案】My Best Friend
My best friend is Tom. He is tall and strong. He has short hair. He is kind. We often play football together.
【解析】短文介绍了朋友的姓名、外貌(tall and strong, short hair)、性格(kind)及共同活动(play football),符合提示要求,语法正确。
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