【重庆专用】Unit 8 People and Events（Culture Understanding）-《英语 基础模块1》（高教版2023修订版）《一课一练》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：基于中职学生英语知识能力普遍薄弱的学情特点，我们始终坚持“以生为本”的教育理念，深度融合支架式教学理论，深度解读最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》，匠心打造了契合职教高考命题特色的《英语 基础模块1》（高教版2023修订版）《一课一练》专辑，专辑共40练。 本卷为《英语 基础模块1》（高教版2023修订版）Unit 8 People and Events （Culture Understanding）的课后作业。 《英语 基础模块1》（高教版2023修订版） Unit 8 People and Events 一课一练（39） Culture Understanding 一、完形填空：根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） Do you know anything about the invention of the bar code (条形码)? A small food store owner found it was difficult to keep records of the product information. In 1948, he asked the Drexel Institute of Technology to solve this . Bernard Silver, a graduate student, was interested. He and his friend Norman Joseph Woodland to work on it. Soon, they invented their first working system. The system did work , but it was very expensive and sometimes the system didn’t work well. If the invention was to become in stores, the problems had to be solved. Finally, Woodland solved . The patent (专利) for the bar code system was for by Silver and Woodland in 1949, but the patent was not given until 1952. this patent was given, the system was still not popular among store owners. In 1970, a business named Logicon Inc. the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (通用杂货产品识别码). Marsh Supermarket in Troy was the first store to this bar code reading system. It has become very popular ever since, and now it’s in all types of stores all over the world. 1．A．plan B．problem C．project D．doubt 2．A．started B．continued C．refused D．failed 3．A．at first B．for example C．on time D．in person 4．A．lively B．cheap C．direct D．popular 5．A．it B．him C．her D．them 6．A．asked B．offered C．made D．divided 7．A．Unless B．Although C．If D．Since 8．A．found B．mentioned C．invented D．remained 9．A．give up B．put up C．set up D．clean up 10．A．repaired B．tried C．learned D．used 二、阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） Railways have shaped the modern world, with different countries making unique contributions. In 1804, Richard Trevithick, a British engineer, built the first steam locomotive. It pulled 10 tons of iron and 70 people over 15 kilometers, proving that trains could carry heavy loads. In the 1820s, George Stephenson, another British inventor, improved locomotive design. His "Rocket" was faster and more reliable, making railways a practical form of transport. By the 1850s, Britain had over 10,000 kilometers of railways, connecting cities and boosting trade. In the 20th century, Japan led in high-speed rail. The Tokaido Shinkansen, launched in 1964, reached 210 km/h, cutting travel time between Tokyo and Osaka by half. This inspired other countries, including China. Since the 2000s, China has built the world’s largest high-speed rail network, with trains like the Fuxing reaching 350 km/h. These trains not only connect big cities but also help develop rural areas, showing how technology serves society. 11.Who built the first steam locomotive? A. George Stephenson B. Richard Trevithick C. Chinese engineers D. Johannes Gutenberg 12.What was special about George Stephenson’s "Rocket"? A. It was the fastest train in the world B. It made railways practical for transport C. It connected Tokyo and Osaka D. It used electric power 13.When was the Tokaido Shinkansen launched? A. 1804 B. 1820s C. 1964 D. 2000s 14.What is true about China’s high-speed rail? A. It is the largest in the world B. It was inspired by British trains C. It only connects big cities D. Its top speed is 210 km/h 15.What does the passage show about railways? A. They were invented in China B. They have developed differently worldwide C. They are no longer important today D. They are only useful in Europe 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：基于中职学生英语知识能力普遍薄弱的学情特点，我们始终坚持“以生为本”的教育理念，深度融合支架式教学理论，深度解读最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》，匠心打造了契合职教高考命题特色的《英语 基础模块1》（高教版2023修订版）《一课一练》专辑，专辑共40练。 本卷为《英语 基础模块1》（高教版2023修订版）Unit 8 People and Events （Culture Understanding）的课后作业。 《英语 基础模块1》（高教版2023修订版） Unit 8 People and Events 一课一练（39） Culture Understanding 一、完形填空：根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） Do you know anything about the invention of the bar code (条形码)? A small food store owner found it was difficult to keep records of the product information. In 1948, he asked the Drexel Institute of Technology to solve this . Bernard Silver, a graduate student, was interested. He and his friend Norman Joseph Woodland to work on it. Soon, they invented their first working system. The system did work , but it was very expensive and sometimes the system didn’t work well. If the invention was to become in stores, the problems had to be solved. Finally, Woodland solved . The patent (专利) for the bar code system was for by Silver and Woodland in 1949, but the patent was not given until 1952. this patent was given, the system was still not popular among store owners. In 1970, a business named Logicon Inc. the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (通用杂货产品识别码). Marsh Supermarket in Troy was the first store to this bar code reading system. It has become very popular ever since, and now it’s in all types of stores all over the world. 1．A．plan B．problem C．project D．doubt 2．A．started B．continued C．refused D．failed 3．A．at first B．for example C．on time D．in person 4．A．lively B．cheap C．direct D．popular 5．A．it B．him C．her D．them 6．A．asked B．offered C．made D．divided 7．A．Unless B．Although C．If D．Since 8．A．found B．mentioned C．invented D．remained 9．A．give up B．put up C．set up D．clean up 10．A．repaired B．tried C．learned D．used 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍条形码的发明及被推广的过程。 【详解】 1．考查名词。句意：1948年，他要求德雷塞尔理工学院解决这个问题。A. plan计划；B. problem问题；C. project项目；D. doubt怀疑。根据“A small food store owner found it was difficult to keep records of the product information. (一个小食品店老板发现很难记录产品信息。)”可知，食品店的老板遇到难题，所以是要求解决问题。故选B。 2．考查动词。句意：他和他的朋友诺曼·约瑟夫·伍德兰开始着手研究它。A. started开始；B. continued继续；C. refused拒绝；D. failed失败。根据“Bernard Silver, a graduate student, was interested. (伯纳德·西尔弗，一名研究生，对此很感兴趣。)”可知，这个研究生对此感兴趣，所以横线上应是他开始研究。故选A。 3．考查介词短语。句意：该系统最初确实有效，但非常昂贵且有时会出现问题‌。A. at first首先；B. for example例如；C. on time按时；D. in person亲自。根据后文“sometimes the system didn’t work well (有时会出现问题‌)”及“If the invention was to become ... in stores, the problems had to be solved. (如果这项发明要在商店里……起来，这些问题就必须解决)”可知，后面出现了问题，所以横线上应是说最初系统很有效。故选A。 4．考查形容词。句意：如果这项发明要在商店里流行起来，这些问题就必须解决。A. lively活泼的；B. cheap便宜的；C. direct直接的；D. popular流行。根据“If the invention was to become ... in stores, the problems had to be solved (如果这项发明要在商店里……起来，这些问题就必须解决)”并结合所给的选项，应是假设如果这项发明流行起来，就要解决这个问题。故选D。 5．考查代词。句意：最后，Woodland解决了它们。A. it它；B. him他；C. her她；D. them他们。根据“the problems had to be solved (这些问题就必须解决)”可知，横线上代指“the problems”，所以应是代词 them。故选D。 6．考查动词。句意：条形码系统的专利是由西尔弗和伍德兰德于1949年申请的，但直到1952年获得专利。A. asked问；B. offered提供C. made制造；D. divided分开。分析句子可知，此句的主语是“The patent”，所以是专利被申请，考查短语“ask for”意为“请求”。故选A。 7．考查连词。句意：尽管这项专利已经授予，但该系统在店主中仍然不受欢迎。A. Unless除非；B. Although虽然；C. If如果；D. Since自从。分析句子可知，表达的是即使从句的情况存在，主句的情况也出现，所以横线上的词引导让步状语从句表示“虽然”。故选B。 8．考查动词。句意：1970年，一家名为Logicon Inc.的企业发明了通用杂货产品识别码。A. found发现；B. mentioned提及；C. invented发明；D. remained保持。根据横线后“Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (通用杂货产品识别码)”及后文“Marsh Supermarket in Troy was the first store to ... this bar code reading system (特洛伊的马什超市是第一家……这种条形码阅读系统的商店)”可知，特洛伊的马什超市是第一家运用这个系统，所以这个识别码被发明。故选C。 9．考查动词短语。句意：特洛伊的马什超市是第一家建立这种条形码阅读系统的商店。A. give up放弃；B. put up搭建；C. set up创建；D. clean up清扫。根据横线后“this bar code reading system (这种条形码阅读系统)”结合所给的选项可知，应是创建这个系统。故选C。 10．考查动词。句意：从那时起，它变得非常流行，现在在世界各地的各种商店中都有使用。A. repaired修理；B. tried劳累；C. learned学习；D. used使用。根据“It has become very popular ever since (从那时起，它变得非常流行)”可知，这种识别码变得流行，所以在各种商店中都被使用。故选D。 二、阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） Railways have shaped the modern world, with different countries making unique contributions. In 1804, Richard Trevithick, a British engineer, built the first steam locomotive. It pulled 10 tons of iron and 70 people over 15 kilometers, proving that trains could carry heavy loads. In the 1820s, George Stephenson, another British inventor, improved locomotive design. His "Rocket" was faster and more reliable, making railways a practical form of transport. By the 1850s, Britain had over 10,000 kilometers of railways, connecting cities and boosting trade. In the 20th century, Japan led in high-speed rail. The Tokaido Shinkansen, launched in 1964, reached 210 km/h, cutting travel time between Tokyo and Osaka by half. This inspired other countries, including China. Since the 2000s, China has built the world’s largest high-speed rail network, with trains like the Fuxing reaching 350 km/h. These trains not only connect big cities but also help develop rural areas, showing how technology serves society. 11.Who built the first steam locomotive? A. George Stephenson B. Richard Trevithick C. Chinese engineers D. Johannes Gutenberg 12.What was special about George Stephenson’s "Rocket"? A. It was the fastest train in the world B. It made railways practical for transport C. It connected Tokyo and Osaka D. It used electric power 13.When was the Tokaido Shinkansen launched? A. 1804 B. 1820s C. 1964 D. 2000s 14.What is true about China’s high-speed rail? A. It is the largest in the world B. It was inspired by British trains C. It only connects big cities D. Its top speed is 210 km/h 15.What does the passage show about railways? A. They were invented in China B. They have developed differently worldwide C. They are no longer important today D. They are only useful in Europe 【答案】11．B 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是说明文。本文介绍了铁路在全球的发展历程，讲述了英国在蒸汽机车发明与改进中的早期贡献、日本在高速列车领域的突破，以及中国高铁网络的全球领先地位，展现了不同国家铁路技术发展的独特路径。 【详解】 11．细节理解题。根据第一段 “In 1804, Richard Trevithick... built the first steam locomotive”，可知第一台蒸汽机车由 Richard Trevithick 发明。A 是改进机车设计的人，C、D 与铁路无关，故答案为 B。 12.细节理解题。根据第二段 “His 'Rocket'... making railways a practical form of transport”，可知 “Rocket” 的特点是使铁路成为实用的交通方式。A “最快” 未提及，C 是日本新干线的作用，D “电力驱动” 不符合蒸汽机车特征，故答案为 B。 13.细节理解题。根据第三段 “The Tokaido Shinkansen, launched in 1964”，可知其 launch 时间为 1964 年。A 是第一台蒸汽机车的年份，B 是 Stephenson 改进机车的年代，D 是中国高铁发展的年代，故答案为 C。 14.细节理解题。根据第三段 “China has built the world’s largest high-speed rail network”，可知中国高铁是全球最大的。B “受英国启发” 错误（受日本启发），C “只连接大城市” 错误（还连接农村），D“最高速度 210 km/h” 错误（中国高铁可达 350 km/h），故答案为 A。 15.主旨理解题。文章介绍了英、日、中各国铁路的不同发展路径，体现了铁路在全球的多样化发展。A “中国发明” 错误，C “不再重要” 错误，D “只在欧洲有用” 错误，故答案为 B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$