Unit 6 The Admirable概要写作（单元同步写作讲义）英语北师大版2019必修第二册

Unit 6 The Admirable 同步写作课讲义-北师大版2019必修第二册 ( ⭐话题解读⭐ ) 概要写作 概要写作要求考生"基于提供的一篇350词以内的短文，写一篇60词左右的内容概要"。所给短文的常见体裁有记叙文、说明文和议论文。该题型主要考查学生对文本的解读能力、对文章主旨和篇章结构的把握能力、准确获取关键信息的能力、归纳概括的能力及语言运用的能力。 ( ⭐写作任务⭐ ) 本单元的写作话题是概要写作：鼓舞人心的人或者事情。属于记叙文。记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要写清楚五要素，即 where,when,what,who,how,给读者呈现一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。事情通常按照时间顺序进行叙述，让读者易于把握各部分内容之间的内在关联，我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的中心大意。 ( ⭐审题指导⭐ ) 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy for high school seniors to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There's no excuse for not visiting the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won't be much possible, but if you live nearby, go and check it out! If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses. Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at College WeekLive. It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors（顾问）, and it won't cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend. ( ⭐写作框架⭐ ) 步骤一 跳读文章，找主旨。 步骤二 去枝叶，留主干。 步骤三 整合主次要点，变化表达方式。 步骤四 增加衔接词语，连句成文。 ( ⭐素材宝库⭐ ) 概要写作(summary)是在把握原文的前提下,用自己简洁、精练的语言,对原文的主旨大意进行高度浓缩,写出一篇语义连贯的短文。概要写作有客观性、简洁性、连贯性等特性。 写作时要在正确理解原文的基础上,用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想,既不能漏掉任何要点,也不能随意增加内容。写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的词句。需要注意的是,考生不能对原文进行解释和评论,也不能掺杂任何个人想法或做出任何评判,因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等词句。写作时必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑关系的词,使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。 1.表示转折、让步或对比关系的过渡性词语 however,yet,but,although,while,despite,instead,nevertheless,on the contrary,even though,whereas,in spite of,by contrast,in contrast 2.表示因果关系的过渡性词语 thus,as,since,for,therefore,consequently,accordingly,because of,due to,owing to,in that, as a result of, now that, seeing that 1.记叙文 （1）对记叙文进行概括时，要抓住原文中的时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、经过、结果六大要素。有些记叙文的尾部有一个点题句，表达深刻内涵或点明故事给人们的启迪，在写概要时也需要把故事寓意表达出来。 （2）常用开头语： ①The writer mainly tells us... ②The author shares his experiences... ③From the passage, we know that... 2.说明文 （1）此类文章通常会有中心句（多在首段），写作时要注意找出中心句，抓住关键词，然后重组文章的信息，用自己的语言表达出来。 （2）方法 点拨： ①描写某事物的性质功用，即"对象+性质功用+利弊"； ②针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施，即"问题+解决方法"； ③介绍某现象及其原因和结果，即"现象+原因+结果"。 3.议论文 对于议论文文体的阅读材料,同学们应抓住议论文的文体特点。议论文的三要素为论点、论据、论证，其中论点是最重要的，因此同学们要准确把握文章的论点。 ( ⭐参考范文⭐ ) ①To ensure a brilliant college life, you'd better spare time to visit campuses to examine all aspects of your dream colleges, even if it may be costly.（要点1） ②If you live nearby, be sure to check it out before you apply.（要点2） Even after submitting applications, a visit can help avoid much trouble.（要点3） However, if it's not possible to see for yourself for lack of time and money, visiting the online college fairs at collegeweeklive.com will be beneficial.（要点4） ( ⭐写作拓展⭐ ) ( 变式提升训练 ) （1） 阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 A 7.1-magnitude quake toppled(使倒塌) houses, cut off power and first-aid materials' supply in northwest China's Qinghai Province on Wednesday while rescuers faced difficulties in searching for the buried. Rescuers have set up more than 40 tents for survivors in the Gyegu Town, near the epicenter(震中) in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu in southern Qinghai. But the effort seems far less than enough for the area inhabited(居住于) by some 100,000 people. Many people sought temporary shelters in buildings that remained unaffected by the tremor(轻微地震). In the yard of Yushu's Sports Committee, nearly 1,000 people were sitting or lying on the ground in sheer(完全的) darkness. Some wrapped themselves up with quilts taken out from the debris(残骸). Some brought their own tents and others turned on the lights of motorcycles. “I'm hungry and thirsty. We've been waiting for help since morning,” said Zhaxi Toinzhub. A woman said her three children were still buried in the rubble(瓦砾). The National Meteorological Station forecast on Wednesday that temperatures may hit minus 3 degrees Celsius at night and 15 degrees Celsius in the daytime in the coming days. The town will see sunny weather in the coming days, providing favorable conditions for rescue operations. The town is located in a remote area in Qinghai and the quake and ensuing(随后发生的) landslides have damaged roads, causing great difficulties for rescuers and, especially, machines to enter the region. “Rescuers had to dig with bare hands or iron sticks on Wednesday, looking forward to the arrival of digging machines,” said a rescuer surnamed Wang, who was working at a collapsed hostel. “The search operation became even harder at night without lighting facilities,” he said. In addition, rescuers may easily get exhausted working at a place at an altitude(海拔) of over 4,000 meters. Thousands of rescuers and medical staff are rushing to Yushu from many regions of China, bringing machines, disaster-relief materials and medicines to the quake-hit town. The government, organizations, enterprises and individuals are offering donations of money and materials to the region. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A 7.1-magnitude quake hit Yushu, Qinghai on Wednesday.(要点1)The survivors relied on the tents,and because of limited tents,many people sought temporary shelters or stayed outdoors.(要点2) Despite the favorable weather conditions, the damaged roads and the high altitude caused great difficulties for the rescue work.(要点3) Luckily, a lot of rescue workers and disaster-relief materials are being sent to Yushu.(要点4) （2） （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Role of the Anesthesiologist (麻醉医生) If you’re preparing for surgery, you’ve probably given a lot of thought to the education, training, and experience of the surgeon performing the procedure. But you may not have thought much about the anesthesiologist or the importance of his or her medical expertise in your procedure — before, during, and after — to keep you safe and comfortable. Actually, anesthesiologists guide you throughout your entire surgical experience. Before surgery, in the days or weeks before your surgery, your anesthesiologist will be sure you are fit for surgery and prepare you for the procedure by asking detailed questions about your health, and examining you. Be sure to let your anesthesiologist know about any medical problems you have, such as heart disease, diabetes, or asthma, and what medications you are taking. Eventually, your anesthesiologist will create an anesthesia plan developed specifically for you to ensure a safe and successful procedure. During the surgery, the anesthesiologist closely monitors your anesthesia and vital body functions during the procedure, working alone or with an Anesthesia Care Team. Your anesthesiologist will instantly manage medical problems if they occur during surgery. After surgery, in the recovery room, the anesthesiologist supervises others who will care for you and monitor your recovery — your breathing, circulation, consciousness, and level of oxygen — and is immediately available if there are questions or concerns. In addition, the anesthesiologist typically is one of those who decide when you are ready to go home, or when you should be moved to a regular room in the hospital or the intensive care unit. The anesthesiologist may even be involved in pain management after you go home because they specialize in pain control, and some focus their practices on treating patients with chronic pain. If you suffer from pain that won’t go away, such as migraine headaches, back pain, or pain caused by a condition such as fibromyalgia, ask your doctor about a referral to an anesthesiologist who specializes in treating chronic pain. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Anesthesiologists are important in the surgical process. Before surgery, they make anesthesia plans for patients by asking them health-related questions and examining them. During surgery, anesthesiologists closely monitor patients’ anesthesia and vital body functions in case of medical emergencies. After surgery, anesthesiologists supervise patients’ recovery and determine patients’ next medical process. After patients go home, anesthesiologists help manage pains. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说麻醉师在手术过程中很重要。手术前，他们通过询问患者与健康相关的问题并对其进行检查，为患者制定麻醉计划。在手术过程中，麻醉师密切监测患者的麻醉和重要的身体功能，以防医疗紧急情况。手术后，麻醉师监督病人的恢复并决定病人下一步的治疗过程。病人回家后，麻醉师会帮助控制疼痛。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①But you may not have thought much about the anesthesiologist or the importance of his or her medical expertise in your procedure — before, during, and after — to keep you safe and comfortable. ②Before surgery, in the days or weeks before your surgery, your anesthesiologist will be sure you are fit for surgery and prepare you for the procedure by asking detailed questions about your health, and examining you. Eventually, your anesthesiologist will create an anesthesia plan developed specifically for you to ensure a safe and successful procedure. ③During the surgery, the anesthesiologist closely monitors your anesthesia and vital body functions during the procedure, working alone or with an Anesthesia Care Team. ④After surgery, in the recovery room, the anesthesiologist supervises others who will care for you and monitor your recovery — your breathing, circulation, consciousness, and level of oxygen — and is immediately available if there are questions or concerns. ⑤The anesthesiologist may even be involved in pain management after you go home because they specialize in pain control, and some focus their practices on treating patients with chronic pain. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总述，将第2、3、4、5四个要点进行分论。 3.遣词造句 Anesthesiologists are important in the surgical process. Before surgery, they make anesthesia plans for patients by asking them health-related questions and examining them. During surgery, anesthesiologists closely monitor patients’ anesthesia and vital body functions in case of medical emergencies. After surgery, anesthesiologists supervise patients’ recovery and determine patients’ next medical process. After patients go home, anesthesiologists help manage pains. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Before surgery, they make anesthesia plans for patients by asking them health-related questions and examining them.运用动名词作宾语对原文第二段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] After patients go home, anesthesiologists help manage pains.用after引导时间状语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 （3） （23-24高二下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Preventing Resistance The development of drug-resistant pathogens (病原体) can be prevented in at least three ways. First, sufficiently high concentrations of the drug can be maintained in a patient’s body for a long enough time to kill all sensitive cells and hold others long enough for the body’s defenses to defeat them. Discontinuing a drug before all of the pathogens have been neutralized promotes the development of resistance. For this reason, it is important that patients finish their entire antimicrobial prescription (抗菌药物) and resist the temptation to “save some for another day.” A second way to prevent resistance is to use antimicrobial agents in combination so that pathogens resistant to one drug will be killed by the second, and vice versa. Additionally, one drug sometimes enhances the effect of a second drug in a process called synergism. Enhanced effect can also result from combining an antimicrobial drug and a chemical. A third way to reduce the development of resistance is to limit the use of antimicrobials to necessary cases. Unfortunately, many antimicrobial agents are used indiscriminately, in both developed countries and in lessdeveloped regions where many are available without a physician’s prescription. In the United States, an estimated 50 percent of prescriptions for antibacterial agents to treat sore throats and 30 percent of prescriptions for ear infections, are inappropriate because the diseases are viral in nature. Likewise, because antibacterial drugs have no effect on cold and flu viruses, 100 percent of antibacterial prescriptions for treating diseases are unnecessary. As discussed previously, the use of antimicrobial agents encourages the reproduction of resistant bacteria by limiting the growth of sensitive cells; therefore, inappropriate use of such drugs increases the likelihood that resistance of bacteria will multiply. In order to maintain the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments, responsible practices must be implemented. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There are three ways to prevent pathogens from developing resistance to drugs. First, patients should take all the drugs as directed by doctors. Second, several antimicrobial agents can be used together to ensure the effect of drug taking. Finally, it is important to guarantee that antimicrobials are used only for necessary cases. Responsible practices are keys to treatment effectiveness. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，有三种方法可以防止病原体产生抗药性。首先，病人应该按照医生的指示服用所有的药物。其次，几种抗菌药物可以同时使用，保证服药效果。最后，重要的是要保证仅在必要的情况下使用抗菌素。负责任的做法是治疗效果的关键。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The development of drug-resistant pathogens (病原体) can be prevented in at least three ways. ②For this reason, it is important that patients finish their entire antimicrobial prescription (抗菌药物) and resist the temptation to “save some for another day.” ③A second way to prevent resistance is to use antimicrobial agents in combination so that pathogens resistant to one drug will be killed by the second, and vice versa. ④A third way to reduce the development of resistance is to limit the use of antimicrobials to necessary cases. ⑤In order to maintain the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments, responsible practices must be implemented. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2、3、4、5五个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 There are three ways in which we can prevent pathogens from developing resistance to drugs. Finally, it is important that we guarantee that antimicrobials are used only for necessary cases. It is responsible practices that are keys to treatment effectiveness. 【点睛】[高分句型1] First, patients should take all the drugs as directed by doctors. (运用了状语从句中的省略) [高分句型2] Finally, it is important to guarantee that antimicrobials are used only for necessary cases. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) （4） （2023·上海崇明·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Call a Physical Therapist You get up from the sofa and - ow! Back pain takes your breath away. Do you reach for the pain pills? No! Call a physical therapist instead! More and more, physical therapy, or PT, is a common go-to for treating aches and pains. A physical therapist can treat almost any injury to give a patient a better quality of life. When it comes to treatment, one size does not fit all. A physical therapist personalizes a treatment plan based on their observations and the patient’s concerns. The goal is to help injured or ill people improve movement and manage pain, so they can live life to the fullest. These therapists work with patients who suffer from back or neck injuries. They help people recover from broken bones and surgeries as well as work- or sports-related injuries. Physical therapists also teach people how to stay in shape and prevent further injuries. Their hands-on (动手的) therapy includes strengthening or stretching exercises, ice or heat and more. No one can become a physical therapist without getting a doctor of physical therapy degree. After completing it, a person must pass a professional license exam before beginning to practice. Further, being a physical therapist can be mentally and physically draining because of the hands-on, personalized patient care required. A successful physical therapist needs to have great communication skills and an eye for detail. They should also be creative problem solvers as well as resourceful. For those looking for a satisfying career, PT is one to consider. The demand for the profession is growing faster than that of many other careers. Private clinics and hospitals hire physical therapists. Sports facilities and professional sports teams also employ them. Therapists may work in skilled nursing facilities or visit patients in their own homes. If someone wants to see the world, they may want to become a travel physical therapist. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Physical therapists offer personalized treatment to improve injured people’s quality of life. They also teach people to keep fit and avoid further injuries. To become a physical therapist needs to meet many requirements like a doctor’s degree, a professional license, good communication skills, sensitivity for detail and creative problem-solving skills. Currently, there’s a growing demand for physical therapists. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，物理治疗师提供个性化的治疗来改善受伤患者的生活质量。他们还教人们保持健康，避免进一步的伤害。要成为一名物理治疗师需要满足很多要求，比如博士学位、专业执照、良好的沟通技巧、对细节的敏感和创造性的解决问题的能力。目前，对物理治疗师的需求不断增长。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①More and more, physical therapy, or PT, is a common go-to for treating aches and pains. A physical therapist can treat almost any injury to give a patient a better quality of life. ②Physical therapists also teach people how to stay in shape and prevent further injuries. ③No one can become a physical therapist without getting a doctor of physical therapy degree. After completing it, a person must pass a professional license exam before beginning to practice. Further, being a physical therapist can be mentally and physically draining because of the hands-on, personalized patient care required. A successful physical therapist needs to have great communication skills and an eye for detail. They should also be creative problem solvers as well as resourceful. ④The demand for the profession is growing faster than that of many other careers. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Physical therapists offer personalized treatment to improve injured people’s quality of life. They also teach people to keep fit and avoid further injuries. To become a physical therapist needs to meet many requirements like a doctor’s degree, a professional license, good communication skills, sensitivity for detail and creative problem-solving skills. Currently, there’s a growing demand for physical therapists. 【点睛】[高分句型1] To become a physical therapist needs to meet many requirements like a doctor’s degree, a professional license, good communication skills, sensitivity for detail and creative problem-solving skills.运用不定式作目的状语对原文第三段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Currently, there’s a growing demand for physical therapists.用there be句型对最后一段进行了概括。 （5） （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Adventure Therapy Adventure treatment is an experiential type of treatment and adopts adventure activities, tailored physical, psychological and social challenges, for therapy. Adventure treatment is mainly for young people with a known dysfunction(功能障碍), disorder or disconnection. A tailored program will be offered to help them. Beyond treatment, it also has other purposes. One is for prevention. It is designed to keep people healthy, well and connected. For example, a community recreation program uses tailored adventure activities to help individuals who want to improve their health and well-being. Another is for early intervention. It is intervening early before the onset of a dysfunction, diagnosed difficulty, disorder or disconnection, for example with young people at risk of dropping out school. The last is for continuing care. It is designed to help people maintain their health and well-being. The adventure treatment programs can be practiced in big cities, rural towns or remote villages. Indoor places with rope courses, urban parks or remoted wild spaces can be included. All depends on different intended target groups and program aims. For example, a program for socially isolated young people in the central desert of Australia will be likely different from one for mental health people within a medical institution in the USA．The former will likely emphasize cultural elements, unstructured time and use of open natural spaces, while the latter may emphasize clinical therapeutic input, structured interventions, and use of contrived adventure environments. Similarly, for customers to gain ground towards psychological wellness objectives, the advisor will choose comprehensive exercises. Nowadays, adventure treatment is in an experimental stage, but many studies have noted that adventure therapy can profit young people a lot. It is also valuable for showing grown-ups positive methods for dealing with stress for pressure. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Adventure treatment uses adventure activities to treat young people with diagnosed mental disorders, social isolation or dysfunction. Besides, it can also be used for prevention, early intervention and continuing care for many health difficulties. Based on various purposes and targeted clients, different tailored programs can be offered. Now, despite in experimental stage, adventure treatment proves beneficial for youngsters. 【导语】本文是说明文。本文介绍了冒险疗法，一种以冒险活动和挑战为治疗手段，帮助年轻人处理功能障碍、障碍或脱离感。冒险疗法不仅是治疗方法，还可预防、早期干预和持续护理。它可应用于不同地区和场所，对年轻人有益，并为成年人提供积极的压力管理方法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Adventure treatment is mainly for young people with a known dysfunction, disorder or disconnection. ②One is for prevention. ③Another is for early intervention. ④The last is for continuing care. ⑤All depends on different intended target groups and program aims. ⑥Nowadays, adventure treatment is in an experimental stage, but many studies have noted that adventure therapy can profit young people a lot. 2. 缜密构思 将①，⑤，⑥三个要点进行重组，将②，③，④三个要点进行整合。 3. 遣词造句 Adventure treatment uses adventure activities to treat young people with diagnosed mental disorders, social isolation or dysfunction. Besides, it can also be used for prevention, early intervention and continuing care for many health difficulties. Now, despite in experimental stage, adventure treatment proves beneficial for youngsters. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Adventure treatment uses adventure activities to treat young people with diagnosed mental disorders, social isolation or dysfunction.(不定式to treat作宾语补足语) [高分句型2]Based on various purposes and targeted clients, different tailored programs can be offered.(过去分词based on作状语) （6） （23-24高一上·上海·期末）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。     Millions of Americans are mourning the death of astronaut John Glenn, who passed away at 95. He rose to fame in 1962, when he became the first American to orbit Earth in a spacecraft.     Glenn was known for his modesty, refusing to see himself as a hero. He preferred to focus on his work, saying, “If there is one thing I’ve learned in my years on this planet, it’s that the happiest and most fulfilled people I’ve known are those who devoted themselves to something bigger and more profound than merely their own self-interest.”     Glenn, born in 1921, grew up in the small town of Cambridge, Ohio. He started his flying career as a fighter pilot for the U. S. Marine Corps. He won medals for his brave service in World War II (1939-1945) and the Korean War (1950-1953). After that, Glenn took a dangerous job as a Marine Corps test pilot, flying new planes to see if they were safe. In 1957, he set an air-speed record by flying from Los Angeles to New York in less than three-and-a-half hours.     In the late 1950s, a “space race” began between the U. S. and the Soviet Union. Both countries wanted to be the first to send a human into space, including to the moon. In 1959, Glenn became one of seven test pilots chosen to take part in the U. S.’s first space programme.     The Soviet Union won the race to get to space first. In 1961, it became the first nation to send a person into space when a Russian astronaut, Yuri Gagarin, orbited Earth. But the space race was not over yet. Glenn’s chance to go into space came on February 20, 1962. By that time, another American, Alan B．Shepard, Jr., had flown in space, but he had not orbited Earth. Glenn’s flight was aired live on television and radio. Americans everywhere stopped to watch.     Glenn’s Friendship 7 capsule circled the planet three times. a faulty instrument led Glenn to believe the capsule might burn up on its return to Earth, but in the end, it splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean.     In 1974, Glenn was elected to Congress as a senator from Ohio. He would serve there until 1999 and was well-respected by other senators. Glenn returned to space on October 29, 1998, when he was 77. He spent nine days on the space shuttle Discovery. Glenn went so that scientists could study the effects of space travel on older people. He holds the record for being the oldest person in space. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The text introduces John Glenn, the first American to orbit Earth in a spacecraft.(要点1)Born in 1921, Glenn served as a fighter pilot in World War Ⅱ, after which he became a test pilot.(要点2)To compete in a space race, in 1962, Glenn orbited Earth in a spacecraft, which made Americans proud of their space programme.(要点3)He became the oldest person in space after spending nine days on the space shuttle in 1998 at the age of 77.(要点4) 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国宇航员John Glenn的生平事迹。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①John Glenn, who passed away at 95. He rose to fame in 1962, when he became the first American to orbit Earth in a spacecraft. ② Glenn, born in 1921, grew up in the small town of Cambridge, Ohio. He started his flying career as a fighter pilot for the U. S. Marine Corps. ③After that, Glenn took a dangerous job as a Marine Corps test pilot, flying new planes to see if they were safe. ④ In the late 1950s, a “space race” began between the U. S. and the Soviet Union. ⑤ Glenn’s chance to go into space came on February 20, 1962. ⑥Glenn returned to space on October 29, 1998, when he was 77. He spent nine days on the space shuttle Discovery. ⑦He holds the record for being the oldest person in space. 2. 缜密构思 将要点1进行整合；要点2、3合并，重组；将要点4、5整合；要点6、7整合。 3. 遣词造句 John Glenn, who passed away at 95, became the first American to orbit Earth in a spacecraft. Born in 1921, Glenn started his flying career as a fighter pilot for the U. S. Marine Corps. After that, Glenn took a dangerous job as a Marine Corps test pilot. In the late 1950s, a “space race” began between the U. S. and the Soviet Union. Glenn managed to go into space on February 20, 1962. Glenn returned to space on October 29, 1998, when he was 77. He holds the record for being the oldest person in space after spent nine days on the space shuttle Discovery. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Born in 1921, Glenn served as a fighter pilot in World War Ⅱ, after which he became a test pilot. （运用了过去分词作状语和介词+ 关系代词引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】To compete in a space race, in 1962, Glenn orbited Earth in a spacecraft, which made Americans proud of their space programme.（运用了不定式作目的状语和which引导的非限制性定语从句） ( 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 6 The Admirable 同步写作课讲义-北师大版2019必修第二册 ( ⭐话题解读⭐ ) 概要写作 概要写作要求考生"基于提供的一篇350词以内的短文，写一篇60词左右的内容概要"。所给短文的常见体裁有记叙文、说明文和议论文。该题型主要考查学生对文本的解读能力、对文章主旨和篇章结构的把握能力、准确获取关键信息的能力、归纳概括的能力及语言运用的能力。 ( ⭐写作任务⭐ ) 本单元的写作话题是概要写作：鼓舞人心的人或者事情。属于记叙文。记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要写清楚五要素，即 where,when,what,who,how,给读者呈现一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。事情通常按照时间顺序进行叙述，让读者易于把握各部分内容之间的内在关联，我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的中心大意。 ( ⭐审题指导⭐ ) 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy for high school seniors to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There's no excuse for not visiting the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won't be much possible, but if you live nearby, go and check it out! If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses. Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at College WeekLive. It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors（顾问）, and it won't cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend. ( ⭐写作框架⭐ ) 步骤一 跳读文章，找主旨。 步骤二 去枝叶，留主干。 步骤三 整合主次要点，变化表达方式。 步骤四 增加衔接词语，连句成文。 ( ⭐素材宝库⭐ ) 概要写作(summary)是在把握原文的前提下,用自己简洁、精练的语言,对原文的主旨大意进行高度浓缩,写出一篇语义连贯的短文。概要写作有客观性、简洁性、连贯性等特性。 写作时要在正确理解原文的基础上,用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想,既不能漏掉任何要点,也不能随意增加内容。写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的词句。需要注意的是,考生不能对原文进行解释和评论,也不能掺杂任何个人想法或做出任何评判,因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等词句。写作时必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑关系的词,使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。 1.表示转折、让步或对比关系的过渡性词语 however,yet,but,although,while,despite,instead,nevertheless,on the contrary,even though,whereas,in spite of,by contrast,in contrast 2.表示因果关系的过渡性词语 thus,as,since,for,therefore,consequently,accordingly,because of,due to,owing to,in that, as a result of, now that, seeing that 1.记叙文 （1）对记叙文进行概括时，要抓住原文中的时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、经过、结果六大要素。有些记叙文的尾部有一个点题句，表达深刻内涵或点明故事给人们的启迪，在写概要时也需要把故事寓意表达出来。 （2）常用开头语： ①The writer mainly tells us... ②The author shares his experiences... ③From the passage, we know that... 2.说明文 （1）此类文章通常会有中心句（多在首段），写作时要注意找出中心句，抓住关键词，然后重组文章的信息，用自己的语言表达出来。 （2）方法 点拨： ①描写某事物的性质功用，即"对象+性质功用+利弊"； ②针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施，即"问题+解决方法"； ③介绍某现象及其原因和结果，即"现象+原因+结果"。 3.议论文 对于议论文文体的阅读材料,同学们应抓住议论文的文体特点。议论文的三要素为论点、论据、论证，其中论点是最重要的，因此同学们要准确把握文章的论点。 ( ⭐参考范文⭐ ) ①To ensure a brilliant college life, you'd better spare time to visit campuses to examine all aspects of your dream colleges, even if it may be costly.（要点1） ②If you live nearby, be sure to check it out before you apply.（要点2） Even after submitting applications, a visit can help avoid much trouble.（要点3） However, if it's not possible to see for yourself for lack of time and money, visiting the online college fairs at collegeweeklive.com will be beneficial.（要点4） ( ⭐写作拓展⭐ ) ( 变式提升训练 ) （1） 阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 A 7.1-magnitude quake toppled(使倒塌) houses, cut off power and first-aid materials' supply in northwest China's Qinghai Province on Wednesday while rescuers faced difficulties in searching for the buried. Rescuers have set up more than 40 tents for survivors in the Gyegu Town, near the epicenter(震中) in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu in southern Qinghai. But the effort seems far less than enough for the area inhabited(居住于) by some 100,000 people. Many people sought temporary shelters in buildings that remained unaffected by the tremor(轻微地震). In the yard of Yushu's Sports Committee, nearly 1,000 people were sitting or lying on the ground in sheer(完全的) darkness. Some wrapped themselves up with quilts taken out from the debris(残骸). Some brought their own tents and others turned on the lights of motorcycles. “I'm hungry and thirsty. We've been waiting for help since morning,” said Zhaxi Toinzhub. A woman said her three children were still buried in the rubble(瓦砾). The National Meteorological Station forecast on Wednesday that temperatures may hit minus 3 degrees Celsius at night and 15 degrees Celsius in the daytime in the coming days. The town will see sunny weather in the coming days, providing favorable conditions for rescue operations. The town is located in a remote area in Qinghai and the quake and ensuing(随后发生的) landslides have damaged roads, causing great difficulties for rescuers and, especially, machines to enter the region. “Rescuers had to dig with bare hands or iron sticks on Wednesday, looking forward to the arrival of digging machines,” said a rescuer surnamed Wang, who was working at a collapsed hostel. “The search operation became even harder at night without lighting facilities,” he said. In addition, rescuers may easily get exhausted working at a place at an altitude(海拔) of over 4,000 meters. Thousands of rescuers and medical staff are rushing to Yushu from many regions of China, bringing machines, disaster-relief materials and medicines to the quake-hit town. The government, organizations, enterprises and individuals are offering donations of money and materials to the region. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2） （24-25高二下·上海·期中）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Role of the Anesthesiologist (麻醉医生) If you’re preparing for surgery, you’ve probably given a lot of thought to the education, training, and experience of the surgeon performing the procedure. But you may not have thought much about the anesthesiologist or the importance of his or her medical expertise in your procedure — before, during, and after — to keep you safe and comfortable. Actually, anesthesiologists guide you throughout your entire surgical experience. Before surgery, in the days or weeks before your surgery, your anesthesiologist will be sure you are fit for surgery and prepare you for the procedure by asking detailed questions about your health, and examining you. Be sure to let your anesthesiologist know about any medical problems you have, such as heart disease, diabetes, or asthma, and what medications you are taking. Eventually, your anesthesiologist will create an anesthesia plan developed specifically for you to ensure a safe and successful procedure. During the surgery, the anesthesiologist closely monitors your anesthesia and vital body functions during the procedure, working alone or with an Anesthesia Care Team. Your anesthesiologist will instantly manage medical problems if they occur during surgery. After surgery, in the recovery room, the anesthesiologist supervises others who will care for you and monitor your recovery — your breathing, circulation, consciousness, and level of oxygen — and is immediately available if there are questions or concerns. In addition, the anesthesiologist typically is one of those who decide when you are ready to go home, or when you should be moved to a regular room in the hospital or the intensive care unit. The anesthesiologist may even be involved in pain management after you go home because they specialize in pain control, and some focus their practices on treating patients with chronic pain. If you suffer from pain that won’t go away, such as migraine headaches, back pain, or pain caused by a condition such as fibromyalgia, ask your doctor about a referral to an anesthesiologist who specializes in treating chronic pain. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （3） （23-24高二下·上海浦东新·阶段练习）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Preventing Resistance The development of drug-resistant pathogens (病原体) can be prevented in at least three ways. First, sufficiently high concentrations of the drug can be maintained in a patient’s body for a long enough time to kill all sensitive cells and hold others long enough for the body’s defenses to defeat them. Discontinuing a drug before all of the pathogens have been neutralized promotes the development of resistance. For this reason, it is important that patients finish their entire antimicrobial prescription (抗菌药物) and resist the temptation to “save some for another day.” A second way to prevent resistance is to use antimicrobial agents in combination so that pathogens resistant to one drug will be killed by the second, and vice versa. Additionally, one drug sometimes enhances the effect of a second drug in a process called synergism. Enhanced effect can also result from combining an antimicrobial drug and a chemical. A third way to reduce the development of resistance is to limit the use of antimicrobials to necessary cases. Unfortunately, many antimicrobial agents are used indiscriminately, in both developed countries and in lessdeveloped regions where many are available without a physician’s prescription. In the United States, an estimated 50 percent of prescriptions for antibacterial agents to treat sore throats and 30 percent of prescriptions for ear infections, are inappropriate because the diseases are viral in nature. Likewise, because antibacterial drugs have no effect on cold and flu viruses, 100 percent of antibacterial prescriptions for treating diseases are unnecessary. As discussed previously, the use of antimicrobial agents encourages the reproduction of resistant bacteria by limiting the growth of sensitive cells; therefore, inappropriate use of such drugs increases the likelihood that resistance of bacteria will multiply. In order to maintain the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments, responsible practices must be implemented. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （4） （2023·上海崇明·一模）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Call a Physical Therapist You get up from the sofa and - ow! Back pain takes your breath away. Do you reach for the pain pills? No! Call a physical therapist instead! More and more, physical therapy, or PT, is a common go-to for treating aches and pains. A physical therapist can treat almost any injury to give a patient a better quality of life. When it comes to treatment, one size does not fit all. A physical therapist personalizes a treatment plan based on their observations and the patient’s concerns. The goal is to help injured or ill people improve movement and manage pain, so they can live life to the fullest. These therapists work with patients who suffer from back or neck injuries. They help people recover from broken bones and surgeries as well as work- or sports-related injuries. Physical therapists also teach people how to stay in shape and prevent further injuries. Their hands-on (动手的) therapy includes strengthening or stretching exercises, ice or heat and more. No one can become a physical therapist without getting a doctor of physical therapy degree. After completing it, a person must pass a professional license exam before beginning to practice. Further, being a physical therapist can be mentally and physically draining because of the hands-on, personalized patient care required. A successful physical therapist needs to have great communication skills and an eye for detail. They should also be creative problem solvers as well as resourceful. For those looking for a satisfying career, PT is one to consider. The demand for the profession is growing faster than that of many other careers. Private clinics and hospitals hire physical therapists. Sports facilities and professional sports teams also employ them. Therapists may work in skilled nursing facilities or visit patients in their own homes. If someone wants to see the world, they may want to become a travel physical therapist. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （5） （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Adventure Therapy Adventure treatment is an experiential type of treatment and adopts adventure activities, tailored physical, psychological and social challenges, for therapy. Adventure treatment is mainly for young people with a known dysfunction(功能障碍), disorder or disconnection. A tailored program will be offered to help them. Beyond treatment, it also has other purposes. One is for prevention. It is designed to keep people healthy, well and connected. For example, a community recreation program uses tailored adventure activities to help individuals who want to improve their health and well-being. Another is for early intervention. It is intervening early before the onset of a dysfunction, diagnosed difficulty, disorder or disconnection, for example with young people at risk of dropping out school. The last is for continuing care. It is designed to help people maintain their health and well-being. The adventure treatment programs can be practiced in big cities, rural towns or remote villages. Indoor places with rope courses, urban parks or remoted wild spaces can be included. All depends on different intended target groups and program aims. For example, a program for socially isolated young people in the central desert of Australia will be likely different from one for mental health people within a medical institution in the USA．The former will likely emphasize cultural elements, unstructured time and use of open natural spaces, while the latter may emphasize clinical therapeutic input, structured interventions, and use of contrived adventure environments. Similarly, for customers to gain ground towards psychological wellness objectives, the advisor will choose comprehensive exercises. Nowadays, adventure treatment is in an experimental stage, but many studies have noted that adventure therapy can profit young people a lot. It is also valuable for showing grown-ups positive methods for dealing with stress for pressure. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （6） （23-24高一上·上海·期末）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。     Millions of Americans are mourning the death of astronaut John Glenn, who passed away at 95. He rose to fame in 1962, when he became the first American to orbit Earth in a spacecraft.     Glenn was known for his modesty, refusing to see himself as a hero. He preferred to focus on his work, saying, “If there is one thing I’ve learned in my years on this planet, it’s that the happiest and most fulfilled people I’ve known are those who devoted themselves to something bigger and more profound than merely their own self-interest.”     Glenn, born in 1921, grew up in the small town of Cambridge, Ohio. He started his flying career as a fighter pilot for the U. S. Marine Corps. He won medals for his brave service in World War II (1939-1945) and the Korean War (1950-1953). After that, Glenn took a dangerous job as a Marine Corps test pilot, flying new planes to see if they were safe. In 1957, he set an air-speed record by flying from Los Angeles to New York in less than three-and-a-half hours.     In the late 1950s, a “space race” began between the U. S. and the Soviet Union. Both countries wanted to be the first to send a human into space, including to the moon. In 1959, Glenn became one of seven test pilots chosen to take part in the U. S.’s first space programme.     The Soviet Union won the race to get to space first. In 1961, it became the first nation to send a person into space when a Russian astronaut, Yuri Gagarin, orbited Earth. But the space race was not over yet. Glenn’s chance to go into space came on February 20, 1962. By that time, another American, Alan B．Shepard, Jr., had flown in space, but he had not orbited Earth. Glenn’s flight was aired live on television and radio. Americans everywhere stopped to watch.     Glenn’s Friendship 7 capsule circled the planet three times. a faulty instrument led Glenn to believe the capsule might burn up on its return to Earth, but in the end, it splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean.     In 1974, Glenn was elected to Congress as a senator from Ohio. He would serve there until 1999 and was well-respected by other senators. Glenn returned to space on October 29, 1998, when he was 77. He spent nine days on the space shuttle Discovery. Glenn went so that scientists could study the effects of space travel on older people. He holds the record for being the oldest person in space. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$