Unit 5 Humans and Nature灾难求生手册（单元同步写作讲义）英语北师大版2019必修第二册

Unit 5 Humans and Nature 同步写作课讲义-北师大版2019必修第二册 ( ⭐话题解读⭐ ) 灾难求生手册 本单元的写作主题为灾难自救。此类写作文章一般偏向说明文形式，内容主要针对灾难发生前或发生时的具体自救措施 ( ⭐写作任务⭐ ) 需要注意以下几点内容： 1.内容上，具体可实施。灾难自救所提供的建议应描述具体，且有效可行，针对不同灾难有不同的应对措施，在提供建议时，命中主题，提供具体可实行的措施，切忌大篇幅无用的描述。 2.语言上，简练易懂。在介绍自救措施时，应一目了然且清晰易懂，能够从语言上理解所表达的意思，恰当运用顺序词，体现文章的条理性。 3.时态上，一般现在时和祈使句。灾难自救小册子主要是针对灾难的实质性措施，属于客观事实类；运用祈使句也是表达建议或请求的一种方式。 ( ⭐审题指导⭐ ) 　　当今世界地震频发,如何才能避免伤亡并把损失降到最低呢?假如你是李华,请给你的朋友Tom写一封信,简要谈一下应对地震的具体做法。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80个左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, An earthquake may hit our area at any time. Do you know what to do in an earthquake? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 写作步骤 ◆ 步骤一：点明主题 ◆ 步骤二：介绍对应地震方法 ◆ 步骤三：表达愿望 ( ⭐写作框架⭐ ) ( ⭐素材宝库⭐ ) ( 词汇积累 ) 1.calm adj.镇静的   2.be trapped in...被困在……   3.rescue team 救援队   4.keep away from...远离……  5.natural disasters 自然灾害 6.a strong sandstorm一场强沙尘暴 7.a frightening typhoon一场可怕的台风 8.return to normal恢复正常 9.wipe out 彻底消灭,全部摧毁 ( 句型积累 ) 1.Many houses were destroyed.许多房屋被毁。 2.Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and droughts occur now and then.地震、洪水和旱灾等自然灾害时而发生。 3.The snowstorm will last till tomorrow afternoon. 暴风雪将持续到明天下午。 4.Some disasters can't be avoided now, but we can certainly reduce the loss they cause.虽然有些灾难现在是无法避免的,但我们肯定能减少它们造成的损失。 ( ⭐参考范文⭐ ) Dear Tom,  An earthquake may hit our area at any time. Do you know what to do in an earthquake? Let me tell you what to do to reduce the losses of an earthquake to a minimum.  During an earthquake, if you are outside, you must keep away from buildings, trees and other things that can fall. If you are inside, you must stay in a corner, or get under a table. If you are trapped in the ruins, please be calm and wait for the rescue team to help. After an earthquake, you should check everything in your house, and see whether gas pipes, water pipes and electric wires are OK. Have you learned it? I believe that as long as you remember the above methods, you will be able to minimize the losses. Yours, Li Hua  ( ⭐写作拓展⭐ ) ( 变式提升训练 ) （1） 假定你是李华,你校英文报将举办主题为“自然灾害”的征文活动。请你给你的朋友Bruce Alpert写一封邮件,邀请他参加。内容包括: 1.说明缘由; 2.请他介绍美国的自然灾害并谈谈其影响及应对措施等; 3.告知征文截稿日期。 注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （2） （24-25高一下·天津·期末）假设你是晨光中学的李津。近期你所在的城市经历了一次极端大风天气，给市民的生活带来了诸多影响。学校英语社团计划举办一次主题为“Natural Disasters and Safety”的分享会。请你根据以下提示写一篇发言稿，内容包括： (1)描述极端大风天气的影响(如交通延误、树木倾倒、停水停电停学等)； (2)分享应对极端天气的经验或建议(如关门闭窗、留在室内等)； (3)呼吁大家关注气候变化，增强安全意识。 注意： (1)词数不少于100； (2)可以适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：延误 delay 倾倒 fall down 停电 power cut Dear friends, I’m Li Jin. Today, I’d like to talk about the recent extreme windy weather in our city and how we can stay safe during natural disasters. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your attention! （3） （2025·江西新余·模拟预测）假如你是李华。现在台风破坏性越来越强，越来越多的地方洪水泛滥，伤亡现象很严重。请你用英语写封邮件邀请外教Tom来做一场关于急救知识的讲座。内容包括： 1.发出邀请； 2.讲座内容； 3.期待回复。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （4） （24-25高一下·江苏连云港·阶段练习）假设你是李华，你校校报英文版正在就“自然灾害的应急处理”这一话题征文，请你以How to react in an earthquake为题，就如何应对地震写一篇短文，主要内容包括： 1) 地震的日常防护； 2)震中的自救及注意事项。 注意：1）词数80左右； 2）可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （5） （24-25高一下·江苏连云港·期中）假设你是李华，你给学校Emergency Insights（应急管理洞察）栏目投稿，短文题目Learning from Pompeii: Prevention and Preparedness for Natural Disasters，内容包括： 1. 简述庞贝古城因火山爆发而毁灭的历史事件； 2. 描述自然灾害的常见类型和危害； 3. 陈述预防自然灾害的措施和方法； 4. 分享当自然灾害来临时的有效策略。 swift evacuation紧急疏散  emergency supplies应急物资  cooperation and unity团结合作 Learning from Pompeii: Prevention and Preparedness for Natural Disasters ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 读后续写 ( ⭐审题指导⭐ ) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 [2024湖南省株洲市第二中学月考]I have a passion for fishing and animal protection, which can date back to my childhood. When I was young, my father was a Fish and Wildlife officer, so he traveled all over the province in the spring and fall. He loved his job, especially the part where he protected nature from humans. He'd taught me to fish alone, in silence and lost in thought. I still remembered that special day. Midweek, even in late August, no one was around. Police Outpost Provincial Park is as far as you can go in Canada. Songbirds, ducks, and Canada geese glided by in the breeze, touching down briefly on the water's surface before flapping and quacking on their way back up into the sky. "How can I get the fish with these birds making a noise?" I complained, rod （鱼竿） in hand. "Be patient, Jacob. Birds won't disturb you," Dad said. Out of the corner of my eye, I suddenly caught a glimpse of a few great northern loons （潜鸟） staying together not far from the shoreline. Dad once told me loons usually travel alone, but here were five of them in a group. Maybe they were a family? One loon, making strange sounds, swam away from the group towards me. This was unusual. "Dad! Come here! Take a look at this loon!" I shouted. Hearing this, Dad laid his rod down on the dirty sand, walking quickly towards me. The loon rested in the shallow water near the shore, not ten feet away from us. It was so close that we could see its red eyes. "Look at that beak!" I said. "It could easily hurt us to death with that thing! It could tear our faces! Blind our eyes!" Walking into the water and getting closer to the loon, we both saw a thin line was wrapped around its neck. Fishing line maybe? Was there a hook（钩子） on the line, too? Was the loon asking us for help? 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 Paragraph 1: Reaching down, I touched its feather, my heart racing.___________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2: "Hurry, Dad! I can't hold this bird forever, you know!" I said.____ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【解题导语】 作者和父亲一起去钓鱼时看见了一群潜鸟，其中一只发出奇怪声音的潜鸟向作者快速游去。作者和父亲走近它，发现一条细渔线缠在它的脖子上，作者和父亲对它展开了救助…… 【写作指导】 基本信息 Who: Jacob（the author） and his father When: midweek, even in late August Where: Police Outpost Provincial Park ( ⭐参考范文⭐ ) Paragraph 1: 　　Reaching down, I touched its feather, my heart racing. I could see there was a shiny red hook embedded in its body, and fishing line was wrapped tightly around its neck.I splashed my 　　way to the shore and came back with a tiny pair of scissors we used for snipping off the end of fishing line. "You have to hold it, Jacob.If it struggles, the hook would kill it." When I bent down to pick up the loon, my hands were shaking, afraid that it might stab me with its beak.【高分句型一】 But the loon was silent and still.(作者看到潜鸟伤势严重，想救它却又怕被潜鸟的喙弄伤) Paragraph 2: 　　"Hurry, Dad!I can't hold this bird forever, you know!"I said. Using the scissors, dad cut away the fishing line from around the loon's neck.Then, slowly but steadily, his fingers worked to loosen the hook from the bird's flesh and finally he set the loon free.I patted the loon's head, a gesture of gratitude that it hadn't used its beak as a weapon. Never would I forget the scene, when that family of loons flapped and quickened their way back up into the sky.【高分句型二】（潜鸟获救的过程） ( ⭐写作拓展⭐ ) ( 变式提升训练 ) （24-25高二下·安徽宿州·期中）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Unexpected Hike It was a sunny weekend, and a group of high-school students from Class 10, led by their enthusiastic teacher Mr. Brown, set out for a hiking trip in the nearby mountains. Among them were Alex, a curious and adventurous boy, and his reserved but intelligent classmate, Maya. Everyone was in high spirits, chatting and laughing as they walked along the well-marked trail. As they hiked deeper into the mountains, the beautiful scenery around them was breathtaking. Lush green trees towered above, and colorful wildflowers dotted the path. The students stopped occasionally to take pictures, trying to capture the beauty of nature. Alex, always eager to explore, would run ahead a little, then wait impatiently for the rest of the group. After a few hours of hiking, they reached a fork in the trail. Mr. Brown, checking the map, told the students that the left path would lead them to a magnificent waterfall, while the right one would take them back to the starting point. Most of the students voted to go left and see the waterfall. However, Maya, who had been quietly observing the weather, noticed some dark clouds gathering in the distance. She worried that a storm might be approaching and suggested they return. But her voice was drowned out by the excited chatter of her classmates, and they decided to continue on the left path. As they got closer to the waterfall, the sound of rushing water grew louder. Just as they were about to reach their destination, large raindrops began to fall. In no time, it turned into a heavy downpour. The path, which was muddy to begin with, became slippery and dangerous. The students huddled together, not knowing what to do next. Mr. Brown tried to keep everyone calm, but the situation was getting out of control. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Alex, who was usually so fearless, now started to feel a bit scared. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2: Suddenly, Maya remembered something she had learned in a survival course. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Humans and Nature 同步写作课讲义-北师大版2019必修第二册 ( ⭐话题解读⭐ ) 灾难求生手册 本单元的写作主题为灾难自救。此类写作文章一般偏向说明文形式，内容主要针对灾难发生前或发生时的具体自救措施 ( ⭐写作任务⭐ ) 需要注意以下几点内容： 1.内容上，具体可实施。灾难自救所提供的建议应描述具体，且有效可行，针对不同灾难有不同的应对措施，在提供建议时，命中主题，提供具体可实行的措施，切忌大篇幅无用的描述。 2.语言上，简练易懂。在介绍自救措施时，应一目了然且清晰易懂，能够从语言上理解所表达的意思，恰当运用顺序词，体现文章的条理性。 3.时态上，一般现在时和祈使句。灾难自救小册子主要是针对灾难的实质性措施，属于客观事实类；运用祈使句也是表达建议或请求的一种方式。 ( ⭐审题指导⭐ ) 　　当今世界地震频发,如何才能避免伤亡并把损失降到最低呢?假如你是李华,请给你的朋友Tom写一封信,简要谈一下应对地震的具体做法。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80个左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, An earthquake may hit our area at any time. Do you know what to do in an earthquake? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 写作步骤 ◆ 步骤一：点明主题 ◆ 步骤二：介绍对应地震方法 ◆ 步骤三：表达愿望 ( ⭐写作框架⭐ ) ( ⭐素材宝库⭐ ) ( 词汇积累 ) 1.calm adj.镇静的   2.be trapped in...被困在……   3.rescue team 救援队   4.keep away from...远离……  5.natural disasters 自然灾害 6.a strong sandstorm一场强沙尘暴 7.a frightening typhoon一场可怕的台风 8.return to normal恢复正常 9.wipe out 彻底消灭,全部摧毁 ( 句型积累 ) 1.Many houses were destroyed.许多房屋被毁。 2.Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and droughts occur now and then.地震、洪水和旱灾等自然灾害时而发生。 3.The snowstorm will last till tomorrow afternoon. 暴风雪将持续到明天下午。 4.Some disasters can't be avoided now, but we can certainly reduce the loss they cause.虽然有些灾难现在是无法避免的,但我们肯定能减少它们造成的损失。 ( ⭐参考范文⭐ ) Dear Tom,  An earthquake may hit our area at any time. Do you know what to do in an earthquake? Let me tell you what to do to reduce the losses of an earthquake to a minimum.  During an earthquake, if you are outside, you must keep away from buildings, trees and other things that can fall. If you are inside, you must stay in a corner, or get under a table. If you are trapped in the ruins, please be calm and wait for the rescue team to help. After an earthquake, you should check everything in your house, and see whether gas pipes, water pipes and electric wires are OK. Have you learned it? I believe that as long as you remember the above methods, you will be able to minimize the losses. Yours, Li Hua  ( ⭐写作拓展⭐ ) ( 变式提升训练 ) （1） 假定你是李华,你校英文报将举办主题为“自然灾害”的征文活动。请你给你的朋友Bruce Alpert写一封邮件,邀请他参加。内容包括: 1.说明缘由; 2.请他介绍美国的自然灾害并谈谈其影响及应对措施等; 3.告知征文截稿日期。 注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Dear Bruce Alpert, Our school's English newspaper will hold an essay competition on the theme of “Natural Disasters”. I'd like to invite you to take part in it. As we know, many natural disasters occur every year in America, causing great damage. You can introduce the main natural disasters, such as tornadoes and hurricanes and tell some common knowledge about them. In addition, you can tell the effects of them and the relative measures you take to protect yourself during the natural disasters. The deadline is next Friday. I'm looking forward to your article. Yours, Li Hua （2） （24-25高一下·天津·期末）假设你是晨光中学的李津。近期你所在的城市经历了一次极端大风天气，给市民的生活带来了诸多影响。学校英语社团计划举办一次主题为“Natural Disasters and Safety”的分享会。请你根据以下提示写一篇发言稿，内容包括： (1)描述极端大风天气的影响(如交通延误、树木倾倒、停水停电停学等)； (2)分享应对极端天气的经验或建议(如关门闭窗、留在室内等)； (3)呼吁大家关注气候变化，增强安全意识。 注意： (1)词数不少于100； (2)可以适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：延误 delay 倾倒 fall down 停电 power cut Dear friends, I’m Li Jin. Today, I’d like to talk about the recent extreme windy weather in our city and how we can stay safe during natural disasters. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your attention! 【答案】Dear friends, I’m Li Jin. Today, I’d like to talk about the recent extreme windy weather in our city and how we can stay safe during natural disasters. The strong winds caused serious problems. Traffic was delayed for hours due to fallen trees blocking roads. Many neighborhoods faced power cuts and water shortages, and even our school had to close for safety reasons. Moreover, some buildings had broken windows, and street signs were blown away. To stay safe during such weather, remember these tips. First, close all windows and doors tightly to prevent debris from entering. Second, stay indoors and avoid going outside unless absolutely necessary. If you’re outdoors, stay away from tall trees or unstable structures. Also, keep flashlights and emergency supplies ready in case of power outages. This experience reminds us that climate change is real and dangerous. We must take action by reducing pollution and learning disaster survival skills. Let’s work together to protect our community and build a safer future. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为主题为“Natural Disasters and Safety”的分享会写一篇发言稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 推迟：delay→put off 保护：protect→preserve 记住：remember→keep in mind 此外：moreover→besides 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To stay safe during such weather, remember these tips. 拓展句：Remember these tips, which can help you stay safe during such weather. 【点睛】【高分句型1】To stay safe during such weather, remember these tips.（运用了不定式作目的状语） 【高分句型2】If you’re outdoors, stay away from tall trees or unstable structures.（运用了if引导条件状语从句） （3） （2025·江西新余·模拟预测）假如你是李华。现在台风破坏性越来越强，越来越多的地方洪水泛滥，伤亡现象很严重。请你用英语写封邮件邀请外教Tom来做一场关于急救知识的讲座。内容包括： 1.发出邀请； 2.讲座内容； 3.期待回复。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Dear Tom, How are you going recently? I wrote this letter to invite you to give us a lecture on first aid knowledge sincerely. Perhaps due to human damage to the environment, typhoons are becoming increasingly destructive, and more and more areas are experiencing flooding. People tend to get hurt or trapped more easily. You’re an expert in first aid. Could you tell us what we should do in case of emergency? At last, it’ll be very appreciated if the lecture is practical and lasts about an hour. We all hope you can help us and are looking forward to your early reply. Wish you all the best. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份写一封邀请外教Tom开展急救知识讲座的电子邮件，内容包含正式邀请、讲座主题说明及期待对方回复。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 最近：recently → lately 真诚地：sincerely → genuinely 最后：at last → finally 帮助：help → assist 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I wrote this letter to invite you to give us a lecture on first aid knowledge sincerely. 拓展句：I wrote this letter with the sincere purpose that you can give us a lecture on first aid knowledge. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Could you tell us what we should do in case of emergency?(运用了what引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】We all hope you can help us and are looking forward to your early reply.(运用了省略that的宾语从句作hope的宾语) （4） （24-25高一下·江苏连云港·阶段练习）假设你是李华，你校校报英文版正在就“自然灾害的应急处理”这一话题征文，请你以How to react in an earthquake为题，就如何应对地震写一篇短文，主要内容包括： 1) 地震的日常防护； 2)震中的自救及注意事项。 注意：1）词数80左右； 2）可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】                                                                                How to react in an earthquake How to react in a disaster like an earthquake really matters. Proper reaction can help reduce damage and even save lives. If an earthquake occurs, be aware where and how to stay safe. Do prepare supplies in advance, which may help us survive the disaster. Once encountering an earthquake, don’t panic. If inside a room, stay under strong desks or beds. When escaping from the scene, never take the lift; otherwise we may get trapped. If outside, try to stay off buildings and electricity supplies and move to a safer place as soon as possible. Follow what are mentioned above, you can make yourself safe and sound. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以How to react in an earthquake为题，就如何应对地震写一篇短文。其内容包括： 地震的日常防护、震中的自救和注意事项。 【详解】1.词汇积累 帮助：help→assist 拯救：save→rescue 发生：occur→take place 能够：can→be able to 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： Proper reaction can help reduce damage and even save lives. 拓展句：There is no doubt that proper reaction can help reduce damage and even save lives. 【点睛】【高分句型1】 Do prepare supplies in advance, which may help us survive the disaster. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Follow what are mentioned above, you can make yourself safe and sound.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） （5） （24-25高一下·江苏连云港·期中）假设你是李华，你给学校Emergency Insights（应急管理洞察）栏目投稿，短文题目Learning from Pompeii: Prevention and Preparedness for Natural Disasters，内容包括： 1. 简述庞贝古城因火山爆发而毁灭的历史事件； 2. 描述自然灾害的常见类型和危害； 3. 陈述预防自然灾害的措施和方法； 4. 分享当自然灾害来临时的有效策略。 swift evacuation紧急疏散  emergency supplies应急物资  cooperation and unity团结合作 Learning from Pompeii: Prevention and Preparedness for Natural Disasters ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】参考答案 Learning from Pompeii: Prevention and Preparedness for Natural Disasters When it comes to the ancient Roman city of Pompeii, we can’t help but think of its thriving markets, grand buildings, and busy harbors. However, it was completely destroyed by the massive eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. This tragedy, which serves as a reminder, makes us realize the importance of disaster prevention and preparedness. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, and typhoons, pose great threats to life and property. Consequently, to prevent such disasters, we can take active measures like planting trees to hold soil, building dams to control floods, and conducting strict construction standards. Furthermore, it is vital to raise education on disaster awareness and conduct regular drills. When disasters strike, swift evacuation, access to emergency supplies, and effective communication are important. Cooperation and unity can lead us through the darkest hours. Let’s learn from Pompeii and be ready to face nature’s challenges. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校应急管理洞察栏目投稿，阐述从庞贝古城事件谈自然灾害的防范与应对。 【详解】1.词汇积累 繁荣的：thriving → prosperous 巨大的：massive → enormous 爆发：eruption → outbreak 至关重要的：vital → crucial 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：This tragedy, which serves as a reminder, makes us realize the importance of disaster prevention and preparedness. 拓展句：This tragedy, serving as a reminder, makes us realize the importance of disaster prevention and preparedness. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This tragedy, which serves as a reminder, makes us realize the importance of disaster prevention and preparedness.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】When disasters strike, swift evacuation, access to emergency supplies, and effective communication are important.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句） 读后续写 ( ⭐审题指导⭐ ) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 [2024湖南省株洲市第二中学月考]I have a passion for fishing and animal protection, which can date back to my childhood. When I was young, my father was a Fish and Wildlife officer, so he traveled all over the province in the spring and fall. He loved his job, especially the part where he protected nature from humans. He'd taught me to fish alone, in silence and lost in thought. I still remembered that special day. Midweek, even in late August, no one was around. Police Outpost Provincial Park is as far as you can go in Canada. Songbirds, ducks, and Canada geese glided by in the breeze, touching down briefly on the water's surface before flapping and quacking on their way back up into the sky. "How can I get the fish with these birds making a noise?" I complained, rod （鱼竿） in hand. "Be patient, Jacob. Birds won't disturb you," Dad said. Out of the corner of my eye, I suddenly caught a glimpse of a few great northern loons （潜鸟） staying together not far from the shoreline. Dad once told me loons usually travel alone, but here were five of them in a group. Maybe they were a family? One loon, making strange sounds, swam away from the group towards me. This was unusual. "Dad! Come here! Take a look at this loon!" I shouted. Hearing this, Dad laid his rod down on the dirty sand, walking quickly towards me. The loon rested in the shallow water near the shore, not ten feet away from us. It was so close that we could see its red eyes. "Look at that beak!" I said. "It could easily hurt us to death with that thing! It could tear our faces! Blind our eyes!" Walking into the water and getting closer to the loon, we both saw a thin line was wrapped around its neck. Fishing line maybe? Was there a hook（钩子） on the line, too? Was the loon asking us for help? 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 Paragraph 1: Reaching down, I touched its feather, my heart racing.___________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2: "Hurry, Dad! I can't hold this bird forever, you know!" I said.____ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【解题导语】 作者和父亲一起去钓鱼时看见了一群潜鸟，其中一只发出奇怪声音的潜鸟向作者快速游去。作者和父亲走近它，发现一条细渔线缠在它的脖子上，作者和父亲对它展开了救助…… 【写作指导】 基本信息 Who: Jacob（the author） and his father When: midweek, even in late August Where: Police Outpost Provincial Park ( ⭐参考范文⭐ ) Paragraph 1: 　　Reaching down, I touched its feather, my heart racing. I could see there was a shiny red hook embedded in its body, and fishing line was wrapped tightly around its neck.I splashed my 　　way to the shore and came back with a tiny pair of scissors we used for snipping off the end of fishing line. "You have to hold it, Jacob.If it struggles, the hook would kill it." When I bent down to pick up the loon, my hands were shaking, afraid that it might stab me with its beak.【高分句型一】 But the loon was silent and still.(作者看到潜鸟伤势严重，想救它却又怕被潜鸟的喙弄伤) Paragraph 2: 　　"Hurry, Dad!I can't hold this bird forever, you know!"I said. Using the scissors, dad cut away the fishing line from around the loon's neck.Then, slowly but steadily, his fingers worked to loosen the hook from the bird's flesh and finally he set the loon free.I patted the loon's head, a gesture of gratitude that it hadn't used its beak as a weapon. Never would I forget the scene, when that family of loons flapped and quickened their way back up into the sky.【高分句型二】（潜鸟获救的过程） ( ⭐写作拓展⭐ ) ( 变式提升训练 ) （24-25高二下·安徽宿州·期中）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Unexpected Hike It was a sunny weekend, and a group of high-school students from Class 10, led by their enthusiastic teacher Mr. Brown, set out for a hiking trip in the nearby mountains. Among them were Alex, a curious and adventurous boy, and his reserved but intelligent classmate, Maya. Everyone was in high spirits, chatting and laughing as they walked along the well-marked trail. As they hiked deeper into the mountains, the beautiful scenery around them was breathtaking. Lush green trees towered above, and colorful wildflowers dotted the path. The students stopped occasionally to take pictures, trying to capture the beauty of nature. Alex, always eager to explore, would run ahead a little, then wait impatiently for the rest of the group. After a few hours of hiking, they reached a fork in the trail. Mr. Brown, checking the map, told the students that the left path would lead them to a magnificent waterfall, while the right one would take them back to the starting point. Most of the students voted to go left and see the waterfall. However, Maya, who had been quietly observing the weather, noticed some dark clouds gathering in the distance. She worried that a storm might be approaching and suggested they return. But her voice was drowned out by the excited chatter of her classmates, and they decided to continue on the left path. As they got closer to the waterfall, the sound of rushing water grew louder. Just as they were about to reach their destination, large raindrops began to fall. In no time, it turned into a heavy downpour. The path, which was muddy to begin with, became slippery and dangerous. The students huddled together, not knowing what to do next. Mr. Brown tried to keep everyone calm, but the situation was getting out of control. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Alex, who was usually so fearless, now started to feel a bit scared. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2: Suddenly, Maya remembered something she had learned in a survival course. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Alex, who was usually so feeless, now started to feel a bit scared. The heavy rain made visibility poor, and the strong wind was making the trees sway dangerously. His classmates were also looking around anxiously, their excited expressions replaced by worry. Mr. Brown was trying his best to shield the students from the rain with his coat, but it was of little use. Alex’s teeth chattered as he thought about the possible consequences of getting stuck in this storm. He regretted not listening to Maya’s advice earlier. The path was getting more and more difficult to navigate, with mud making it easy to slip and fall. Some students were on the verge of crying, and the group’s morale was at an all-time low. Suddenly, Maya remembered something she had learned in a survival course. She quickly scanned the area around them and spotted a large overhanging rock not far away. Shouting to get everyone’s attention, she said, “Follow me! We can take shelter under that rock.” Mr. Brown immediately agreed and helped the students move towards the rock. Once they were all safely under the overhang, they were out of the direct rain. Maya then suggested they use some dry leaves and twigs they could find nearby to start a small fire to keep warm. The students, now full of hope, started collecting the materials. With a little effort, they managed to start a fire, and the warm glow gradually lifted their spirits. They waited for the storm to pass, grateful for Maya’s quick thinking and knowledge. 【导语】本文以一次徒步旅行展开，一群高中生在老师带领下进山，到岔路时多数人不顾Maya提醒选去瀑布的路，快到目的地时突降暴雨，情况失控。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“平时无所畏惧的亚历克斯，现在开始感到有点害怕了。”可知，第一段可描写恶劣的天气状况让大家陷入困境，亚历克斯后悔没听玛雅的建议，大家士气低落。 ②由第二段首句内容“突然，玛雅想起了她在生存课程中学到的一些东西。”可知，第二段可描写玛雅利用所学知识找到避雨处，还提议生火取暖，大家重新燃起希望。 2. 续写线索：亚历克斯害怕——情况艰难——玛雅想起办法——找到避雨处——生火取暖 3. 词汇激活： 行为类 ①遮挡：shield/shelter ②建议：suggest/advise ③收集：collect/gather 情绪类 ①焦虑：anxiously/nervously ②充满希望：full of hope/hopeful ③感激的：grateful/thankful 【点睛】[高分句型1] His classmates were also looking around anxiously, their excited expressions replaced by worry.(运用了独立主格结构作伴随状语) [高分句型2] Alex’s teeth chattered as he thought about the possible consequences of getting stuck in this storm.(运用了从属连词as引导时间状语从句) [高分句型3] Once they were all safely under the overhang, they were out of the direct rain.(运用了从属连词once引导时间状语从句) ( 7 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$