2025年中考英语专题复习-选择性阅读

中考英语专题复习 选择型阅读 目 录 一、题型概述 3 二、解题步骤 3 三、考试清单 4 考点①细节理解题 4 考法1直接信息题 4 考法2间接信息题 5 考法3细节排序题 6 考点②推理判断题高频 9 考法1针对文章细节进行推断 10 考法2推断作者/人物的态度、观点、感情色彩、语气、倾向、性格/品质特点等 12 考法3推断文章后续发展（新考法） 14 考法4推断文章出处或读者对象 16 考法5推断写作意图 18 考点③词义猜测题高频 20 考点④主旨大意题高频 27 考点⑤标题归纳题高频 31 考点⑥代词指代题（高频） 35 考点⑦文章结构题（新考法） 36 考点⑧句子还原题（新考法） 39 考点⑨写作手法题（新考法） 42 考点⑩图文转换题（新考法） 43 一、题型概述 选择型阅读主要考查学生通过文章获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的语言综合运用能力。研究近年中考题发现，除了涉及传统的细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题等考点外，逐渐增加了新考点的考查比例，如文章结构题、句子还原题、写作手法题、图文转换题、跨学科综合题等，这更加注重对学生思维能力的考查。 二、解题步骤 （1）通读全文，把握主题。 通读时要关注文章标题，语篇的首尾段和各段的首尾句；要迅速抓住每段文本中的关键性词语，厘清文章结构，弄清文章中的人物、时间、地点、事件、原因、经过（即五个W:who、when、where、what、why和一个H:how）等要素，了解作者的观点和意图，把握文章主题。 （2）根据试题，再读重点。 在理解文章大意的基础上，对每道题目进行详细剖析，结合上下文，标注解题的关键信息。有时需要运用逻辑思维进行推理。 （3）排除干扰，确定答案。 对选择型阅读理解题目中所给的几个选项要认真对比，仔细鉴别。对于某些干扰选项，要细读全文，分析与问题相关的词汇、段落。采取排除法，集中精力解决难点，确定答案。 三、考试清单 考点①细节理解题 考点②推理判断题 考点③词义猜测题 考点④主旨大意题 考点⑤标题归纳题 考点⑥代词指代题 考点⑦文章结构题（新考法） 考点⑧句子还原题（新考法） 考点⑨写作手法题（新考法） 考点⑩图文转换题（新考法） 考点①细节理解题 细节理解题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（why）、结果、数据等。主要分三类：直接信息题、间接信息题、细节排序题。此类试题大多可以在文章中找到与答案有关的信息或是其变体。 考法1直接信息题 方法 关键信息定位法： Step 1通过题干信息确定关键信息，如与人物、事件、地点、时间等相关的名词、动词或句子。 Step 2在原文中查寻关键词原词（或派生词、近/反义词）所在句子，并细读相关句子。 Step3比对选项和原文细节，确定答案。 例 （2024天津中考节选） In the morning，Daniel and Peter finished their breakfast quickly.They put on their school uniforms （校服）， took their school bags and walked quickly to the bus stop.They had to wait for their school bus as usual.They waited for half an hour but the bus didn't come.The two brothers were starting to get worried.They did not want to be late for school. How did Daniel and Peter feel when their school bus didn’t come? A.Angry. B.Excited. C.Lonely. D.Worried. 解题思路 根据题干中的feel和 "when their school bus didn’t come "可以定位到第四、五句 "They waited for half an hour but the bus didn't come.The two brothers were starting to get worried. "，由此可知他们的感受是 "担忧的 "，故选 D。 考法2间接信息题 方法 转换相关信息法： Step 1阅读题干，确定关键信息。 Step 2在原文中找到相关句子，然后将原文信息进行适当转换。注意选项与原文间的语意转换，如同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实、图文转换等。 Step 3对比原文转换后的信息与选项，确定答案。 例 （2024安徽中考节选） There are about 8，000 million people living on our planet，but some of them don't have enough food.Last year，more than 820 million people suffered（遭受）from hunger.That's sad. What's more，it shouldn't be a problem since the world wastes about 930 million tons of food each year. How many people suffered from hunger last year? A.Over 820 million. B.About 930 million. C.Over 7，180 million. D.About 8，000 million. 解题思路 根据题干中的 "people suffered from hunger " "last year "可定位到第二句 "Last year， more than 820 million people suffered from hunger." 。more than 与 over 同义，表示 "多于 "。 故选A。 考法3细节排序题 方法 首尾定位法 Step 1找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，缩小选择范围。 Step 2对比缩小范围后的选项，找出其区别，然后在文中寻找相关内容；根据文章发展脉络，结合表示时间关系的连词或副词判断事件发展的先后顺序。 Step 3选出正确的顺序后与原文进行对比、复查，从而确定正确答案。 例（2024云南中考） Nature is amazing!Take a close look at the world of insects（昆 虫），and you'll discover many unbelievable things.Consider butterflies， for example.They have beautiful，colorful wings， and strong，fantastic flying skills.On summer days，you always see them flying freely over flower gardens and wild fields. But，did you know how butterflies become the flying insects?It's one of the amazing wonders of nature.In the beginning，female butterflies lay a small and colorful egg on a leaf or stem（茎）of a plant. It's hard to believe that the egg will become something completely different in a few days.It becomes a walking insect.This insect is called caterpillar .It now has legs，eyes and a large body.A new life has begun.The caterpillar can eat，walk and see.But it is still not a butterfly. Soon，after growing big，the caterpillar makes a cover for itself.It covers itself in the nice protective blanket（保护层） and goes to sleep. This stage is known as the "pupa（蛹） "stage. After a period of time，the blanket breaks and a wet，weak butterfly appears.It now has six legs，a mouth，eyes and wings.Shortly，the wings fill with blood，and the beautiful，colorful butterfly spreads its wings and flies away. After a few weeks，this adult butterfly lays her eggs，and the cycle begins all over again. This is just one example of the wonders of nature.Look around the natural world，and you will learn many truly amazing things. What is the right order of the development process （发育过程）of a butterfly? ①It becomes a pupa. ②It becomes a walking insect. ③Female butterflies lay an egg. ④It spreads wings and flies away. A.①→②→③→④ B.①→②→④→③ C.③→②→①→④ D.③→②- →④-→① 解题思路根据第二段最后一句中 "In the beginning，female butterflies lay a small and colorful eg "可知，③为第一个步骤，可排除选项 A 、B，再根据倒数第三段中 "the beautiful， colorful butterfly spreads its wings and flies away " 可知④为最后一个步骤，可排除选项 D， 故选C。 考点②推理判断题高频 推理判断题着重考查学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理、判断。此类试题难度较大，涉及面较广，如推断人物的性格、心理、故事的结尾、故事的寓意、文章的出处、文章的体裁、作者的倾向和态度等。 做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间去体会作者的 "弦外之音 "，力求从作者的角度出发，不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断题的设问方式一般有： 1.针对文章细节进行推断 ①What can we infer from the...paragraph? ②Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage? ③Which of the following statement does the passage support? ④What can we learn from the story? 2.推断作者/人物的态度、观点、感情色彩、语气、倾向、性格/品质特点等 ①How did…feel when…? ②How did sb.'s feelings change? ③Which word（s）can best describe…? ④The author writes the text probably in a tone（语气）. ⑤What is the writer's opinion/attitude（态度）towards the topic? 3.推断文章后续发展（新考法） ①What do you think happened later according to the story? ②What will be talked about in the following paragraph? ③What will the writer talk about in the next paragraph? 4. 推断文章出处或读者对象 ①Where do you probably read the passage? ②Where is the text probably taken from? ③In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage? ④Who is the text written for? ⑤Who might be very interested in the passage? 5 .推断写作意图 ①The（writer's main）purpose of writing this passage is to . ②The author wrote the article mainly to . ③The passage mainly helps us to . ④The passage is written to . ⑤What is the writer's purpose of/in writing this passage/the text? ⑥What's the purpose of the text/material above? 考法1针对文章细节进行推断 方法 Step 1确定题干关键词，对照关键词在文中定位相关线索； Step 2抓住原文关键信息，以全文/段主旨和中心为依据，仔细推敲其内在含义。 ○注意 ①若某一个选项的意思与原文一致，属于同义替换，则为正确选项；②若某选项表达内容与经验相吻合，而文中并未涉及，则属于错误选项；③与原文相悖或者曲解文意，也非正确选项。 例（2024山东日照中考节选） Since we cannot avoid ChatGPT and other AI-powered apps from entering the field of education，we should make efforts to make sure they have a positive impact（积极影响）on society and the future of education.AI helps to make learning much more interesting and enjoyable，but humans need to work very hard to win the race with technology. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.AI apps still have a long way to go. B.Humans will be left behind by technology. C.The future of education depends on AI apps. D.AI must be made good use of in education. 解题思路由题干中的last paragraph定位到文章最后一段。根据第一句中"we should make efforts to make sure they have a positive impact on society and the future of education "可推知，在教育中必须确保人工智能发挥积极影响。 D 选项与该句意思一致，故选D。 考法2推断作者/人物的态度、观点、感情色彩、语气、倾向、性格/品质特点等 方法 做题时应注意以下4点： ①看清楚题干中提问的是作者还是文中人物对某件事的态度，再定位关键信息并进行分析； ②利用文中描写环境或表达感情色彩、观点态度的词语或句子推断作者/人物的观点态度； ③利用文中相关人物的话语或行为判断其观点态度； ④切勿用自己的观点代替作者或文中人物的观点。 表达情感的形容词：pleased高兴的，regretful后悔的，nervous紧张的，hopeful充满希望的，proud自豪的，thankful感激的，surprised惊讶的，sorry歉疚的，excited兴奋的，afraid害怕的，worried担心的，upset沮丧的，angry生气的，interested感兴趣的，bored厌倦的，troubled烦恼的，shocked震惊的，lucky幸运的，enjoyable愉快的，tired疲惫的，painful痛苦的，embarrassed尴尬的 表达人物性格/品质特点的形容词：humorous幽默的，serious严肃的，gentle温柔的，brave勇敢的，outstanding外向的，honest诚实的，independent独立的，wise明智的，active积极的，patient有耐心的，polite有礼貌的，energetic有活力的，creative有创意的，calm冷静的，strict严格的 表达态度的形容词：positive肯定的、积极的，supportive支持的，optimistic乐观的，confident自信的，negative否定的、消极的，passive消极的，doubtful怀疑的，objective客观的，neutral中立的，indifferent不关心的 例 （2024江西中考） A Bright Idea Evans Wadongo was from a village of Africa.He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp（煤油灯）.Evans' eyes hurt and this made studying difficult.It was common in his village.Many children left school for this reason..so they remained poor for the rest of their lives. Although studying was difficult，Evans was an excellent student and went to a university.He continued to worry about the kerosene lamp.By this time，he realized it was not just bad for schoolchildren but for the whole family.First，it can cause illnesses such as coughs.Also，the light can hurt people's eyes.Besides，it can lead to fires.Lastly，kerosene is expensive，so families have less money for food.It was difficult to come up with a different kind of lamp that was cheap and good for the environment.Yet Evans did not give up. One day，he had an idea.He could use a small solar（太阳能的）light.Sunlight is free and solar power is good for the environment.Evans built his first solar lamp，and it worked.He began to build more lamps and sent them to local families.An organization heard about this and provided money for him to build more solar lamps. Each lamp only cost $20.However，this was a lot of money to many villagers，who only earned around $34 a week，so Evans made sure he kept the cost down.First，Evans used recycled materials. Next，volunteers built the lamps.Finally，people from many countries gave away money to his team， so the lamps were usually free. Thousands of people had safe light.Julia，a mother of three，said， "Thanks to Evans，my children have light to read，and I have my own light to cook."The solar lamps made a big difference. What is Evans like according to the passage? A.Polite，talented and humorous. B.Quiet，smart and honest. C.Humorous，clever and friendly. D.Hard-working，loving and creative. 解题思路 推断品质特点。题干问的是Evans的特点。由第二段第一句可知，Evans学习很勤奋；由Evans想尽办法降低太阳能灯的价格，想让多数村民都用得起可知，他很有爱心；由Evans发明太阳能灯可知，他很有创造力，故选D。 考法3推断文章后续发展（新考法） 方法 Step 1阅读全文，把握文章的主旨大意，梳理文章结构，推断作者的思路； Step 2仔细阅读文中需续写部分前面的句子，找出提示后文发展的语句，然后顺着文章情节发展或逻辑顺序做出准确推断； Step 3结合备选项，选出正确答案。 例 （2024浙江宁波中考节选） As we began our task，Mr.Johnson turned on the CD player.The lively music made the room feel like a party.Some of us started singing along with the music，others were dancing around their desks while they were cleaning them out. Even Mr.Johnson showed us a few dance steps， making everyone laugh heartily.After we finished cleaning，someone asked， "When is break time? "Mr.Johnson took out some balls and started playing with them.Suddenly，he let the balls drop and said， "Break time starts..now! " Just as we were about to rush out，our headmaster，Mrs.Miller，appeared at the door. "Mr.Johnson! "she cried out.A moment of silence fell over the room as we thought， "Mr. Johnson might be in trouble."However，to our surprise，Mrs.Miller couldn't help but laugh at the sight and left us to enjoy our break. During break time，Mr.Johnson surprised us with another treat.He went to the cafe and came back with ice creams for everyone.We all cheered for him! As we walked back to the classroom，we passed Mrs.Miller's office.Someone joked， "Don't play with the ice creams，Mr.Johnson! " We all laughed together... Which of the following most probably happened at the end of the story? A.The students went back home happily. B.Mr.Johnson became angry with the students. C.The students still had a reading test. D.Mrs.Miller came out running after the students. 解题思路 根据文章内容可知，这一天大家在学校里度过了愉快的时光。由文章最后"We all laughed together.. "可知，学生们都很开心，因此A选项"学生们开开心心地回家。"符合语境，故选A。 考法4推断文章出处或读者对象 方法 1.推断文章出处：结合选项所涉及的各类文体的语言特点及文章主要内容或结构特点进行推断。 newspaper/news report:时效性强 advertisement/ad: 产品、电影、演出等的介绍 travel guide:旅游景点介绍 science report/study report:科普知识、研究结 果介绍 letter/e-mail:有特定的书信/邮件格式 poem: 有明显的结构和韵律 diary:有写作日期、天气等，记录事件或感受 magazine:内容丰富、专题性强，文章通常为某一专题 website: 文章中有click、online、web、website等词或网址 2.推断文章读者对象：注意表达中出现的人物关系描述；由your.…确定文章读者，常见读者有 teachers 、students、parents、teenagers、neighbors、customers等。 例 （20 23江苏连云港中考） Many of us have seen rainbows in the sky once the sun starts shining again after it rains.For us to see a rainbow，the conditions need to be just right.We need some water drops in the air，like rain or even fog，and we need the sun to be behind us and quite low to the ground.This is because a rainbow is created by light passing through water drops. The light that comes from the sun seems white to us.But the white light we see is made up of a mix of different colors.When the light goes through a raindrop，these colors can separate out. Each of the colors in the rainbow has a different "wavelength " （ 波 长）. Raindrops look like little balls.When light hits one of these little balls of water，the light can change direction.We call this "refraction " （折 射）.Each of the different wavelengths is refracted differently.If the light hits the raindrop at the right place，the refraction separates the wavelengths out into their different colors. We are taught there are seven colors:red，orange，yellow，green，blue，indigo and violet. But this isn’t exactly true.Blue and green are next to each other in the rainbow，which is why we can see turquoise（a mix of blue and green）. Brown is a mix of red and green.But they aren't next to each other in the rainbow，so we don't see them mix to make brown. We would never see black and white in a rainbow.Black is what we see when there's no light at all.On the other hand，white is a mix of all the colors together.When light is refracted by raindrops，it separates the white light out， meaning it is no longer white. Which part of a magazine may this passage be taken from? A.Science. B.Health. C.Culture. D.Fashion. 解题思路根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了彩虹的相关科学知识，所以文章应该来自杂志的科学部分，故选A。 考法5推断写作意图 方法 1. 分析文体特点 ①记叙文：to tell a story/to share an experience/ to entertain readers; ②说明文：to introduce/to explain a thing; ③议论文：to argue/to prove/to show a point; ④应用文：to sell a product/to attract visitors/to persuade readers。 2. 解读写作手法 ①提出问题/介绍与主题有关的事物，答案一般含有to bring in/introduce 等词； ②举例或引用某人的话，答案一般含有to support/show等词。 3.寻找写作主旨 一般需重点关注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨 来推断写作目的。 例 （2024湖南长沙中考） It is commonly believed that children are too young to fully appreciate（理解）the experience and knowledge of their elders，while many think that old people don't understand the young.But actually（事实上），both groups have a lot to learn from each other. James Smith runs the Smith's Care Home in my city.It is mainly an organization（ 机构 ）for serving the elderly.But not all of its visitors are old people.The home also includes a childcare center for pre-school kids.There is a playground in the care home，where the elderly can play with the kids.In this way，they can learn more about each other，and respect（尊重）and understand one another. I suppose this is quite an interesting idea.For one thing，we live in a world where there are more and more old people.The world is facing this problem and its population ages.It will be important for young people to be able to understand and care for the elderly in the coming years. Regretfully，my own grandparents weren't around when I was little，as they had already passed away.I never got to learn what the world was like through their eyes，or what kinds of problems they might have faced when they were my age.To me，their lives will always be a mystery —hard to understand or explain. However，I think I can still learn from other people of older generations（辈）. I might find some of their ideas out of date，and they might believe that my generation's way of thinking is strange or incorrect.But we can still learn from each other anyway. What is the main purpose of the text? A.To explain why the world's population ages. B.To encourage different generations to learn from each other. C.To show that older generations' ways of thinking are incorrect. 解题思路 由第一段最后一句"But actually， both groups have a lot to learn from each other." 及最后一段最后一句 "But we can still learn from each other anyway."可知，本文的主要目的是鼓 励各代人之间互相学习。故选B。 考点③词义猜测题高频 常见的设题方式有： ①The underlined word in the...paragraph means/ refers to ? ②According to the passage， … probably means ? ③Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word? ④What's the meaning of the underlined word? 方法1 根据定义猜测词义： ①下定义：be、mean、refer to、be called/named、namely、that is、 be considered等词/短语后面的内 容是对前面的注解性说明，相当于 对前面的词语下定义； ②同位语/同位语从句：同位语（从句）是 对其前内容的解释说明； ③定语从句（尤其注意which/who引导的非限制性定语从句）； ④标点符号：注意破折号、冒号、分号后的内容以及引号或括号中的内容； 例 （20 22湖南长沙中考节选） （Para.2）However，these enjoyable photos and videos hide the damage（损害）that the online trade is doing to otters（水獭）.In fact，wild otters are facing many threats-they have long been hunted（猎杀） for their coats;in some places， fishermen have been killing otters in order to stop them from eating fish;and now，the online pet trade has become another big problem for otters. What does the underlined word "threats "mean in Paragraph 2? A. 机遇 B. 威胁 C. 选择 解题思路 破折号的功能之一是解释说明，故画线词与下文 "they have long been..for otters "表达的意思相同，即"威胁 "，故选B。 方法2 根据举例猜测词义。举例常用语有for example 、for instance、such as 、like 、including 等，有时不会直接出现举例常用语，这时候要注意判断画线词后的句子是否为例子。 例 （2024湖北武汉中考节选） （Para.2） ★ .When he was around 4 or 5，he always loved to watch different insects， especially beautiful swallowtails（凤蝶）. One interesting fact he learned about swallowtails was that their bright colors warned hungry animals that they tasted bad.And it was also fun to watch how they came into being.But the reason he really fell in love with them was that they were very accessible . For example，if you wanted to attract （吸引）swallowtails，you planted some zinnias，a kind of bright flower. The underlined word "accessible "in paragraph 2 means " ". A.dangerous to feed B.easy to get close to C.hard to raise D.safe to reach 解题思路由画线词后的For example可知，后面的内容是对画线词的举例说明。"if you wanted to attract swallowtails，you planted some zinnias… " 说明凤蝶是"容易接近的 "。故选B。 方法3 根据因果关系猜测词义。表因果关系的常用语有because、since、for、so、so that等。 例 （2024湖南怀化中考节选） （Para.2）But Henry leaves Antarctica.At first，he is so happy because the water is still cold and everything outside of Antarctica is different and beautiful.But he doesn't know his mother is following him.As he swims farther away，he finds that the water is warmer and warmer.And he feels exhausted ，so he has to stop his trip.He is afraid and doesn't know what to do. What does the underlined word "exhausted "mean? A. 疲劳的 B. 兴奋的 C. 羞愧的 解题思路根据本段中"A s he swims farther away，he finds that the water is warmer and warmer."可知，它游到了很远的地方，结合后面的 "so he has to stop his trip "可知，它应是感到疲惫不堪，所以才不得不停止旅行。故选A。 方法4 根据并列/同义/近义或反义等关系猜测词义。具体方法如下： 表并列/同义/近义：①注意由and、or连接的词组，如 happy and delighted，通过 happy 可猜测 delighted 意为 "愉快的 ";②注意在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义或近义词。 表反义：①注意表示转折关系的连词或副词，如 but、while、however等；②注意与not 搭配的或表否定意义的短语。 例1 （2024 广东广州中考节选） （Para.2）For Mary，she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn't look too much like a human.She wants people to just treat it as a machine-person.If it looks more like a human than a machine，she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid.Mary also believes that robot faces don't need to look a lot like ours.Her research shows that we can enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans， because our brains are able to look for faces.Just put two circles on top of a robot's body，and we will see a face. What does the underlined word "creepy "mean in paragraph 2? A.Uncomfortable to look at. B.Impossible to touch. C.Boring to talk to. D.Difficult to understand. 解题思路 根据并列关系猜测词义。根据画线词后面的and feel afraid 可推知，creepy的意思应与 "让人害怕的 "相近，选项A "看起来不适" 符合语境，故选A。 例2 （2024 四川成都中考节选） Group A: We live in a fast-developing world and using snail mail is unnecessary.Making paper uses lots of energy and some cards are hard to recycle.It's bad for the environment.What’s more，cards are expensive to buy and so is posting.Nowadays，we usually use our phones and computers because they are quick，easy and free.Traditional cards and letters are out of date. They are not young people's cup of tea.It's no surprise that most of them end up as litter. Which picture can show the meaning of the underlined word snail? 解题思路根据反义关系猜测词义。根据画线词前面的 "We live in a fast-developing world "可知我们生活在一个快速发展的世界，由 unnecessary 判断画线词表示的含义与 "快速发展"相反，三幅图片中蜗牛移动速度很慢，符合题意，故选A。 方法5 根据构词法猜测词义。主要分为两类： ①派生法：在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加 后缀构成一个新词，通过词根及前缀或后缀 的意义，就可猜出新单词的意思。 ②合成法：两个或两个以上独立的单词合成一 个新单词，通过每个独立单词的词义，就可猜 出新单词的意思。 例 （2024重庆中考A 节选） （Para.5）Up till now the King had been talking in a tiresome way，which made it quite clear that he wasn't really interested in what they were saying，but he suddenly gave Caspian a sharp（锐利的）look. What does the underlined word "tiresome " in Paragraph 5 mean? A.Fantastic. B.Boring. C.Funny. D.Wrong. 解题思路 tire v.厌烦，厌倦；-some 为形容词后缀， 意为 "引起（或易于）……的 "，由此可猜测 tiresome表示"令人厌烦的 "，与boring同义，故选B。 方法6 根据生活常识猜测词义。在阅读有关日常生活或大家比较熟悉的事物的文章时，我们可 以利用科普知识和生活常识等来推测有些生词 的含义。 例 （2024河南中考节选） Here is how bicycle-powered energy works When a student pedals the bike，the back wheel spins . The wheel spins the generator.The generator produces electricity.As long as a student pedals the bicycle，electricity moves through the generator.The electricity can be used right away.This energy can also be stored and used later. What does the underlined word "spins "mean in the text? A.Falls down suddenly. B.Breaks up completely. C.Moves up and down slowly. D.Turns round and round quickly. 解题思路画线词所在句"When a student pedals the bike，the back wheel... "意为"当一个学生踩自行车踏板，后轮……"。根据生活常识可推测，画线词的意思为"快速转动"。故选D。 考点④主旨大意题高频 文章/段落大意类试题要求考生在阅读和 理解文章的基础上对文章段落或全文内容进行 归纳、概括或评价。解答这类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语就断章取义。主旨大意题的设 问方式一般有： ①What does the text/Paragraph…mainly tell us? ②What's the main idea of the text/Paragraph…? ③What does the text/Paragraph…explain? ④What lesson does the text teach? ⑤Which of the following questions is answered in the passage? 方法 找主题句。主题句常见的位置如下： ①主题句出现在文/段首。第一句点明主题，随后用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。 ②主题句出现在文/段尾。文章/段落先阐述细节，然后归纳要点，最后得出结论，概括主题。 ③主题句隐含在全文/全段当中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要根据文章/段落的 细节来分析，概括出文章/段落的主题。 ○注意 主旨大意题容易出现以下几种错误： 1.以偏概全：只抓住了主题的一个方面就误以为是主题。 2.过于笼统：归纳的主题太宽泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。 3.主观臆断：读者根据自己的想法对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。 4.放大或缩小文章的主题。 例1 （ 2024安徽中考节选） （Para.2）Although farming was new to him， Gill took the challenge and his experiences helped him write his book Ace and the Animal Heroes.The story follows Ace，whose life changes greatly when he moves to the countryside.After trying on a pair of magical wellies（长筒靴），Ace realizes he can speak to the animals，who make up their minds to protect the farm. What's paragraph 2 mainly about? A.Gill's farm. B.Gill's family. C.Gill's book. D.Gill's animals. 解题思路 主题句在段首。"Although farming was new to him，Gill took the challenge and his experiences helped him write his book Ace and the Animal Heroes. "为本段主题句，由此可知，本段主要讲Gill 的书。故选C。 例 2 （2024江苏扬州中考节选） （Para.1）China has made great achievements in biodiversity protection.Building a national park system is one of the greatest jobs that China has done so far.In October 2021，China's first five national parks were designated（认定）. They are home to nearly 30%of the earth's key wildlife species（物种）found in China，covering a protected land area of 230，000 square kilometers.This table will inform you of the first five national parks— China's treasures in nature. What does the passage mainly tell us? A.When China's first five national parks were discovered. B.Some general information of China's first five national parks. C.What challenges China's first five national parks are facing. D.Some actions to protect the wildlife species in these parks. 解题思路 主题句在段尾。 由文章的主题句（第一段最后一句） "This table will inform you of the first five national parks—China's treasures in nature." 可知，文章主要介绍了中国五个国家公园的概况，故选B。 例3 （2024四川成都中考） a→ Locals Care for Natural World Grasslands and lakes in Sanjiangyuan have taken on a new look and many wild animals have come back.On January 24，2003，China set up Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve to protect the area and the wildlife.Local people joined in the project，picking up waste and protecting the animals. b→China Successfully Grows Rice in Space How to grow food in space if humans live there one day?For nearly 40 years，China has developed over 260 new types of seeds（种子） in space.Recently growing rice at Tiangong Space Station makes a big step forward.It can also solve food problems on Earth. c→ Doctors Sent to West Africa Doctors are flying to an island off the coast of West Africa after a new flu broke out.They will test different medicines to find a way to deal with it.To get things better，they will also offer medical care and help train local nurses there. d→ ▲ A strong earthquake hit Türkiye on February 6.More than 8，000 international rescuers（救援人员）around the world went to help，including the Blue Sky Rescue Team from China.They helped save lives and rebuild homes. e→Scientists Fight against Plastic Pollution A natural material，fungi（真菌），used to break down a type of plastic called polypropylene，turned out to be useful.Scientists at the University of Sydney found that after 90 days，between 25%and 27%of polypropylene broke down and after 140 days， polypropylene became completely safe. What's the theme shared by all the passages? A.Challenges and chances. B.Responsibility and success. C.Problems and efforts. 解题思路 主题句隐含在全文中。分析几则新闻内容可知，它们均与 "问题和为此做出的努力"相关。故选C。 考点⑤标题归纳题高频 最佳标题的特点为精炼醒目、概括范围准 确、有深刻含义或包含高频词，能够吸引读者兴趣。它与文章中心思想相关，做题时应注意文 章中反复出现或强调的信息。 解答这类题目时，注意说明文的标题多为高频词，记叙文的标题多为有深意的内容。标 题归纳题的设问方式一般有： ①What's the best title for the text? ②What's the proper title for the text? 方法1 根据主语句提炼标题 Step 1寻找文章/段落的主题句（具体可参考考点4的方法）。 Step 2概括主旨大意，对照选项 选出正确答案。 例 （2024广东中考） Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey.How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction. A certain kind of ant，for example，can count their steps to avoid getting lost.They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home.These ants live in the open desert（沙漠），so they have nothing to guide them along the way.It's like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest. Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell.They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area.Some sea birds have a similar ability.They are able to make a smell map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth's magnetic field（磁场），while humans can't.This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back.How can this kind of fish do that?It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet. However，animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities.For example， many birds depend on stars for direction，but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night.To solve this problem，we can simply turn off some lights at night.Clearly，one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals. Which can be the best title for the passage? A.Birds' Sense of Light B.Fish's Sense of Smell C.Animals' Sense of Direction D.Animals' Sense of Magnetic Field 解题思路 通读全文尤其是本文的主题句（第一段最后一句）"Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction." 可知，文章通过举例，说明了动物有非同寻常的方向感，C选项Animals’Sense of Direction符合主旨，故选 C。 方法2 根据核心高频词汇总结标题 Step 1注意文中反复出现或强调的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇。 Step 2分析选项，验证选项内容是否切中文章的主题，从而选出正确答案。 例 （2024河北中考） Progress means the act of going forward.Making any kind of progress can make us healthy and happy in life.By setting and actively working towards our goals，we can make progress in our life. To make more progress in life，start looking at problems in a different way.Whatever happens，if we think positively，it can be useful and helpful.We need to know that problems are part of our life.After we solve problems one after another，we can make more progress and become stronger. Having confidence（信心）is helpful for us to make progress.Confidence comes from different places，such as proper education，training or having good relationships.We should also stay with people who believe in our success and actively support us.These people can help push us towards progress. Slow progress is still progress.Just as the old saying goes，"It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop. "Progress usually comes a lot more slowly than we expect.Even if progress is slow，try not to be worried.One important thing is that we keep taking steps towards our goals，and another is that we clearly remember what our goals are all the time.The actual speed isn't important. The road to progress is not always smooth. Most progress often comes with setbacks along the way.Sometimes，maybe it feels like we're taking one step forward and three steps back，but it won’t always be like that.Keep going towards our goals and we can much more easily make the progress we want. Progress doesn't always happen in a straight line.As long as we keep working，we will achieve higher levels. Which can be a proper title for the text? A.Ideas about Making Progress B.Keys to Speeding up Progress C.Meanings of Having Confidence D.Suggestions on Relationships 解题思路 根据文章第一段第二句 "Making any kind of progress can make us healthy and happy in life. "、第二段第一句 "To make more progress in life，start looking at problems in a different way. " 、第三段第一句 "Having confidence is helpful for us to make progress. "以及第五段最后一句 "Keep going towards our goals and we can much more easily make the progress we want."中反复出现的高频词 "make..progress " 可知，作者 主要谈论了对取得进步的看法，故选A。 考点⑥代词指代题（高频） 代词指代常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词、指示代词或关系代词所指代的内容。代词指代题的设问方式一般有： ①The underlined word "it/them/they/.… "refers to . ②What does the underlined word "it/them/they/..."in Paragraph...refer to? 方法 Step 1阅读代词所在句的前文查找指代对象， 代词遵循就近指代原则； Step 2确保代词指代对象的数与代词本身的数 保持一致； Step 3用所选的指代对象替代画线代词，进行检查和验证，保证逻辑和表达的正确性。 例 （2024山东烟台中考节选） （Para.3）Though no Chinese cities have been chosen as the World Book Capital so far，a recent national survey shows a steady（稳定的）rise in reading as a habit in China.According to the survey，each Chinese adult read an average of 4.78 printed books and 3.33 e-books in 2024， both a bit higher than the figures from 2023. Besides，listening to audiobooks（有声读物）was another rising habit，with 35.5 percent of adults saying they were used to listening to them. What does the underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 refer to（指代）? A.Printed books. B.E-books. C.Audiobooks. D.Cultural books. 解题思路 them 指代前文出现过的复数名词，由画线代词向前搜索，根据就近指代原则可找到与 listening to them 相似的短语 listening to audiobooks 。将 audiobooks 替代 them 后句意通顺，逻辑正确。故选C。 考点⑦文章结构题（新考法） 文章结构题主要考查学生在理解全文的基础上对文章的结构或作者使用的论证方法进行归纳概括和总结的能力。解答这类题目时，注意文章与选项的结合，根据一定需要归在一起的段落确定答案。文章结构题的设问方式一般有： ①What's the structure（结构）of the text? ②Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? ③The structure of the passage is 方法 Step 1标注段落序号，分析段落间的关系，首/尾段通常为中心段，描述同一主旨的段落通常归在一起； Step 2观察选项间的异同，根据文章内容确定哪些段落必定归在一起，从而确定答案； Step 3注意常见的文章结构有总一分、分—总、总—分—总等。 例 （2024江西中考） Why do We Yawn? Do you yawn?There are about 20 reasons that scientists think are possible for yawning after research.They do not know exactly why yawning happens，but they do know many facts about yawning. We know that everyone yawns in the same way.First you open your mouth slowly.Your mouth stays open for about five seconds.You take in a lot of air and then push it out.Then you quickly close your mouth.We also know that yawning is contagious. When you see someone yawn，you yawn，too. Many people say they yawn because they are bored or tired.That might be true.People do often yawn before they sleep and after they wake up. However，we know that people also yawn when they are excited or nervous.Olympic runners，for example，often yawn before a race.Why is that? In 2007，scientists found that a yawn can help a warm brain cool down. Some scientists believe that yawning makes you notice things more quickly.When you yawn， you breathe deeply.You also stretch（伸展） the muscles（肌肉）in your face，mouth，and neck. Your eardrums stretch，too.Maybe this helps you to be quicker to notice things. In some countries，people think yawning is not nice.People put their hands over their mouths to cover a yawn.In other countries，people think yawning is healthy.They think that opening the mouth very big can let good things in.When they breathe out，they think that bad things go out of the body with the air. Scientists do not spend much time studying yawning.That is probably because yawning does not hurt.It is just something we do. What would be the best structure of the passage? 解题思路 通读全文可知，文章首段引入话题，提到了科学家们了解很多关于打哈欠的事实。第二段至第五段则展开讲解这些事实，因此第二至第五段一定归在一起。最后一段总结全文，说明了科学家不花太多时间研究打哈欠，因为它没有什么伤害。由此可知本文是"总—分—总"结构，排除A、C、D，故选B。 考点⑧句子还原题（新考法） 句子还原题在考查学生阅读理解的基础上，还兼顾考查理解段落中句子之间的逻辑关系的能力，形式新颖、综合性较强、思维含量较高。解答这类题目时，注意文章与选项的结合，根据逻辑关系确定答案。句子还原题的设问方式一般有： ①Which of the following sentences can be put in the in the...paragraph? ②Which can best replace " "in the passage? 方法 Step 1仔细分析空处的上下文内容，厘清上下文与空处的逻辑关系； Step 2对比所给选项的意思及与空格前后的逻 辑关系，分析并选定答案； Step③将所选答案代入文中，通读所在段落，检验答案是否正确。 例（2024浙江宁波中考） Plants are more than just pretty to look at.They give us fruits，vegetables and food we eat.Some plants even provide materials for medicine or building things.But do you know that plants can do something even more amazing?They can make our homes，schools and workplaces much healthier. We spend a large part of our day indoors. Unluckily，the air inside buildings can often be full of chemicals（化学物质）from many things around us.This poor air quality（质量）can make us feel sick，causing sore eyes and throats，and even making it hard for us to breathe.When the air inside buildings gets really bad，people even call them "sick buildings ". The good news is that plants are like nature's little superheroes.They have a magic power fighting against bad air.Plants breathe in carbon dioxide（CO₂）and breathe out oxygen（O₂） which we humans need to live.They can also add moisture to the air if it's too dry，making it more comfortable for us to breathe. ▲ Scientists have discovered that plants have the ability to take in harmful chemicals， making the air around us safer to breathe.They set up a completely closed building called "bio- home "for experiments.Before they added plants， the air inside was full of chemicals and people found it hard to breathe.But after they added plants，the air got much cleaner and it became easier to breathe.To make the air inside even better，the scientists used different kinds of plants. After a while，the building wasn't a "sick building "any more.People could go inside without feeling unwell. So you see，plants are fantastic!They are not only beautiful to look at，but they also provide us with food，help create materials and play an important role in our health.They make our indoor environments cleaner and healthier， making us feel better.Next time you see a plant， remember all the amazing things it can do for us! Which can be the best to fill in the blank ▲ in Paragraph 4? A.But the most amazing thing plants can do is to clean the air. B.But one interesting thing plants can do is to build things. C.But plants can provide what humans need to eat. D.But plants can be used to make medicine for humans. 解题思路 设空处位于段首，对本段的内容起概括作用。根据空后一句"Scientists have discovered that plants have the ability to take in harmful chemicals，making the air around us safer to breathe. "可知，本段的主要内容与植物对空气的净化作用有关，A选项"但是植物能做的最神奇的事情是净化空气。"符合语境，故选A。 考点⑨写作手法题（新考法） 写作手法题主要考查整篇文章或某个段落的写作手法，学生除了需要读懂文章，还需要了解常见的写作手法。 常见的设问方式有： ①How did the writer write the...paragraph? ②How did the scientists prove the new idea? ③The writer develops the main idea of Paragraph..by 方法 解答此类问题时，考生应熟知各种文体的语言特点，并抓住文章关键信息进行合理推断。常见的写作手法有by giving examples举例子by comparing the differences 比较不同、by listing others’ opinions列其他人的观点、by listing numbers列数据、by giving a fact 摆事实、by raising a question 提问题、by giving reasons 给理由等。 例（2024江苏扬州中考节选） （Para.1）What would happen if you tried to blow a soap（肥皂） bubble in below-freezing weather?Would it freeze and fall to the ground? Would you have to hit it with a stone to break it? These questions came into my mind one cold winter day.It was too cold to play in the snow，but it was a perfect time to experiment with blowing frozen bubbles. How does the writer begin the passage? A.By comparing two types of bubbles. B.By describing the freezing cold weather. C.By asking some questions about the subject. D.By presenting the tools needed to do the experiment. 解题思路 根据文章第一段前三句 "What would happen if you tried to blow a soap bubble in below-freezing weather?Would it freeze and fall to the ground?Would you have to hit it with a stone to break it? "可知，作者是通过提问题开始 此文章的，故选C。 考点⑩ 图文转换题（新考法） 图文转换题是近几年中考中出现的新题型，主要考查学生的识记、理解、分析等多方面的能力。表现形式为"表格""图片"与文字的转换。 解答此类题目时，要仔细研读文章，分析关键词、句和结构，然后根据文中的有关内容进行推断。 方法 Step 1阅读题干，确定关键信息; Step 2在原文中找到相关句子，然后将原文信息与选项一一对比，确定答案。 例（2024江苏徐州中考） ★★★ From Nick To Xiao Wei Subject Hello from Nick! Hi Xiao Wei， Thanks for your last message.It was great to hear from you，and I can’t wait to meet you. I hope you will know me from my photo when I arrive at the airport.I’m short with small bright eyes.I'll wear jeans and a T-shirt for the journey.I've got your photo—you look handsome.I'm sure we'll find each other! Thanks for telling me about your hobbies.You sound just like me!I love reading.I spend a lot of time on novels but science books are my favourites.I enjoy sports as well，especially ball games.Sometimes I get low marks at school，and I feel sad.I know I should work harder. You asked me，"How do you feel about coming to China? "Well，I feel nervous when I speak Chinese，but I'll be fine in a few days.I love making friends and I’m not shy when I’m with strangers.I'm always sorry when I don't know how to do things in the right way，so please help me when I'm with you.Oh，I can't tell you how excited I am about going to China! Nick Which photo shows Nick? 解题思路 根据题干内容可定位至邮件主体第二段中的"I’m short with small bright eyes.I'll wear jeans and a T-shirt for the journey. "，对比选项可知，图片C符合描述，故选C。 $$