专题11 动词语态两大要点归纳（讲义）-河北省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：河北省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版）及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本清单共两部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是河北省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第11个专题，内容为动词语态。 2026年河北省对口升学一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题11 动词语态（讲+练） 【考点解读】 考点 内容解读 河北省近五年对口升学考试统计(题号) 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年 2023年 2024年 2025年样卷 被动语态 判断主语与谓语动词之间的关系 (21) —— —— (19)(30) (12) —— (15) 从河北省近几年对口升学考试情况统计来看，被动语态虽然出题数量不是很多，但被动语态一直是考查的重点，常和时态结合在一起考查。题型主要是单选题。考纲要求学生掌握动词常见八大时态的被动语态和带有情态动词的被动语态。 思维导图 概念和分类 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。 Jack finished the job. 杰克完成了工作。 (主动语态) The job was finished by Jack. 工作被杰克完成了。(被动语态) 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词 be+动词的过去分词”构成，人称、数和时态的变化通过助动词 be来体现出来。 【知识点清单一】各种时态的被动语态结构 【要点精讲】 各种时态的被动语态结构 时态 构成 示例 一般现在时 am/ is/ are+ done The tree is often watered by Tom. 汤姆每天都给这棵树浇水。 一般过去时 was/ were+ done The city was destroyed by the enemy. 这座城市被敌人摧毁了。 一般将来时 shall/ will/ be(am, is,are) going to+ be+done The question will be discussed tomorrow. 这个问题将于明天讨论。 A new factory is going to be built in our city. 一个新工厂将在我市建成。 过去将来时 should/ would/ be(was, were) going to+ be+ done She asked when the book would be returned. 她问这本书什么时候归还。 She said that the report was going to be finished in three days.她说将在3天内完成这份报告。 现在进行时 am/ is/ are+ being+ done The bridge is being built. 大桥正在修建中。 过去进行时 was/ were+ being+ done The car was being repaired yesterday. 这辆车昨天正在修理。 现在完成时 has/ have+ been+done The work has been finished. 这项工作已经被完成了。 过去完成时 had+ been+ done Ten bridges had been built by them in the past years.在过去的几年里，他们建造了10座桥。 注意：情态动词的被动语态构成为“情态动词+be+done”。 Those flowers must be watered every day. 必须每天给这些花浇水。 特殊情况1：下列动词变被动语态时，不定式需加上 to。 5看: look at、see、watch、observe 和 notice; 3“使”: let、make 和 have; 2“听”: hear 和 listen to; 1“感觉”: feel。 His mother makes him do his homework.他母亲让他做作业。 He was made to do his homework.他被要求去做作业。 I saw him play football.我看见他踢足球。 He was seen to play football.他被看见踢足球。 I allow them to come in.我允许他们进来。 They are allowed to come in.他们被允许进来。 【即时训练】 1．When we arrived, he ________. A．has left B．had left C．leaves D．is left 2．By the time I returned to my hometown, great changes ________. A．have taken place B．took place C．are taken place D．had taken place 3．A library with 10,000 books ________ to the school as a gift. A．is offered B．are offered C．have offered D．has offered 4．A computer ________ many different parts. A．makes up of B．is made up of C．makes into D．is made into 5．When the sun ________ in the morning, our national flag ________ in Tian’ anmen Square. A．is raised; will be raised B．rises; will be risen C．rises; will be raised D．is raised; will rise 6．The new library ________ by the end of next year, and it will serve over 10,000 students. A．will complete B．will be completed C．is completed D．completes 7．He ________ to give a speech in our college last month. A．invites B．was invited C．was inviting D．is invited 8．The classroom ______ by students every day. A．should clean B．are cleaned C．should be cleaned D．is cleaning 9．The task ________ in an hour. A．has finished B．has been finished C．will finish D．will be finished 10．The 2022 Winter Olympics ________ in Beijing and towns in Hebei Province. A．will hold B．will be held C．are held D．were held 11．The windows of our classroom ________ every day. A．is cleaned B．are cleaned C．are cleaning D．is cleaning 12．The wetland ________ seriously every day. I am very worried about it. A．had destroyed B．has been destroyed C．is being destroyed D．was destroyed 13．We ________ to close the windows before we left the room. A．tell B．are told C．told D．were told 14．This competition _______ next Monday. A．is held B．will be held C．held D．will hold 15．Much information ________ back to the earth since the spacemen began their exploration on the moon. A．was sent B．were sent C．has been sent D．have been sent 16．A great many fine cars ________ by the car factory since the technological revolution. A．have founded B．are founding C．have been founded D．are being founded 17．This kind of jacket ______ everywhere this season. A．see B．are seen C．can see D．can be seen 【知识点清单二】主动形式表被动意义 【要点精讲】 下列动词用主动来表示被动。 ①3个发生: happen、take place 和 break out;2个证明: prove to be 和 turn out to be;1个属于: belong to;由······组成; consist of; 持续: last for, 实现 come true;握手 shake hands with; 遭受 suffer from;互相 each other。 The war happened in 1937. 战争发生在1937年。 My dream came true at last.我的梦想最终实现了。 The group consists of 10 persons.这个团队由十个人组成。 It proved to be right.这被证明是正确的。 ②5个感类系动词: feel、look、seem、taste 和 sound。 The dress feels soft.这个裙子感觉很柔软。 The soup tastes delicious.汤尝起来美味。 The music sounds beautiful.音乐听起来动听。 ③write、wash、read、clean、sell 等和 well、badly、easily 等副词连用时。 This book was written in 1990.这本书被写于1990年。(被动语态) That pen writes smoothly.那支笔写起来流畅。(主表被) The cloth was washed.这布料被洗了。(被动语态) The cloth washed well.这布料好洗。(主表被) ④需要被: need doing = need to be done want doing = want to be done require doing = require to be done 值得被: be worth doing The door needs repairing = The door needs to be repaired.这个门需要被修理。 The book is worth reading twice.这本书值得读两遍。 固定句型： It is said that… 据说…… It is reported that… 据报道…… It is well known that… 众所周知…… It is believed that… 人们相信…… 【即时训练】 1． This pen ________ smoothly. A．write B．writes C．is written D．wrote 2．This kind of cloth ________ easily. A．wash B．is washed C．was washed D．washes 3．This book ________. A．sells well B．is sold well C．sells good D．is sold good 4．My bike is broken, and it needs ________. A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．repaired 5．It ________ that an important meeting will be held in our city. A．reports B．is said C．is reporting D．is saying 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：河北省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版）及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本清单共两部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是河北省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第11个专题，内容为动词语态。 2026年河北省对口升学一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题11 动词语态（讲+练） 【考点解读】 考点 内容解读 河北省近五年对口升学考试统计(题号) 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年 2023年 2024年 2025年样卷 被动语态 判断主语与谓语动词之间的关系 (21) —— —— (19)(30) (12) —— (15) 从河北省近几年对口升学考试情况统计来看，被动语态虽然出题数量不是很多，但被动语态一直是考查的重点，常和时态结合在一起考查。题型主要是单选题。考纲要求学生掌握动词常见八大时态的被动语态和带有情态动词的被动语态。 思维导图 概念和分类 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。 Jack finished the job. 杰克完成了工作。 (主动语态) The job was finished by Jack. 工作被杰克完成了。(被动语态) 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词 be+动词的过去分词”构成，人称、数和时态的变化通过助动词 be来体现出来。 【知识点清单一】各种时态的被动语态结构 【要点精讲】 各种时态的被动语态结构 时态 构成 示例 一般现在时 am/ is/ are+ done The tree is often watered by Tom. 汤姆每天都给这棵树浇水。 一般过去时 was/ were+ done The city was destroyed by the enemy. 这座城市被敌人摧毁了。 一般将来时 shall/ will/ be(am, is,are) going to+ be+done The question will be discussed tomorrow. 这个问题将于明天讨论。 A new factory is going to be built in our city. 一个新工厂将在我市建成。 过去将来时 should/ would/ be(was, were) going to+ be+ done She asked when the book would be returned. 她问这本书什么时候归还。 She said that the report was going to be finished in three days.她说将在3天内完成这份报告。 现在进行时 am/ is/ are+ being+ done The bridge is being built. 大桥正在修建中。 过去进行时 was/ were+ being+ done The car was being repaired yesterday. 这辆车昨天正在修理。 现在完成时 has/ have+ been+done The work has been finished. 这项工作已经被完成了。 过去完成时 had+ been+ done Ten bridges had been built by them in the past years.在过去的几年里，他们建造了10座桥。 注意：情态动词的被动语态构成为“情态动词+be+done”。 Those flowers must be watered every day. 必须每天给这些花浇水。 特殊情况1：下列动词变被动语态时，不定式需加上 to。 5看: look at、see、watch、observe 和 notice; 3“使”: let、make 和 have; 2“听”: hear 和 listen to; 1“感觉”: feel。 His mother makes him do his homework.他母亲让他做作业。 He was made to do his homework.他被要求去做作业。 I saw him play football.我看见他踢足球。 He was seen to play football.他被看见踢足球。 I allow them to come in.我允许他们进来。 They are allowed to come in.他们被允许进来。 【即时训练】 1．When we arrived, he ________. A．has left B．had left C．leaves D．is left 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：我们到达时，他已经走了。根据句意可知，我们到达是发生在过去的，他离开是在我们到达之前，也就是在过去的过去发生的，因此，应使用过去完成时“had done”结构。故选B。 2．By the time I returned to my hometown, great changes ________. A．have taken place B．took place C．are taken place D．had taken place 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去完成时。 句意：当我回到家乡时，家乡发生了很大的变化。动词短语“take place (发生)”无被动语态；“By the time I returned to my hometown”是与过去完成时连用的时间状语从句，故主句需用过去完成时，过去完成时的表达形式是“had done”，故主句谓语表达式是“had taken place”。故选 D。 3．A library with 10,000 books ________ to the school as a gift. A．is offered B．are offered C．have offered D．has offered 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：一个拥有一万本书的图书馆作为礼物送给了这所学校。主语library与动词offer之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态be done，主语是第三人称单数，所以be动词用is。故选A。 4．A computer ________ many different parts. A．makes up of B．is made up of C．makes into D．is made into 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语及被动语态。句意：一台电脑由许多不同的部分组成。A. makes up of组成；B. is made up of由……组成；C. makes into制成；D. is made into被制成。根据“A computer ... many different parts. (一台电脑……许多不同的部分)”可知，电脑由不同的部分组成。故选B。 5．When the sun ________ in the morning, our national flag ________ in Tian’ anmen Square. A．is raised; will be raised B．rises; will be risen C．rises; will be raised D．is raised; will rise 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当太阳在早晨升起时，我们的国旗将在天安门广场升起。rise上升（不及物动词）；raise提升，举起（及物动词）。第一空，太阳升起是自然现象，描述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时；主语“the sun”是名词单数，是动作的执行者，因此用主动语态；动词“rise”（升起）是不及物动词，表示太阳自身升起，所以填rises。第二空，when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时（rises）表示将来时间，主句用一般将来时（will do）；国旗升起是人为动作，主语“our national flag”是动作的承受者，因此用一般将来时的被动语态（will be +过去分词），即第二空应will be raised。故选C。 6．The new library ________ by the end of next year, and it will serve over 10,000 students. A．will complete B．will be completed C．is completed D．completes 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：新图书馆将于明年年底竣工，届时将为超过一万名学生提供服务。根据“by the end of next year”可知，此处表示将要发生的事情，用一般将来时；且主语“新图书馆”和“竣工”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，此处为一般将来时的被动语态（will be done）。故选B。 7．He ________ to give a speech in our college last month. A．invites B．was invited C．was inviting D．is invited 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：上个月他被邀请在我们大学发表演讲。“last month”表明是过去的时间，句子要用一般过去时态；“he”和“invite”之间是被动关系，即“他是被邀请”，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是“was/were + 过去分词”。故选B。 8．The classroom ______ by students every day. A．should clean B．are cleaned C．should be cleaned D．is cleaning 【答案】C 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：教室应该由学生每天打扫。分析句子可知，谓语动词“clean”和主语“the classroom”是被动关系，应用被动语态be cleaned；且“classroom”是单数，be动词不能用“are”，情态动词被动语态“should be cleaned”符合题意。故选C。 9．The task ________ in an hour. A．has finished B．has been finished C．will finish D．will be finished 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这项任务将在一小时内完成。“in an hour”，意为“一小时之后”，表示将来时间，故用一般将来时；主语“The task”与所给谓语动词“finish”是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态（will be done）。故选D。 10．The 2022 Winter Olympics ________ in Beijing and towns in Hebei Province. A．will hold B．will be held C．are held D．were held 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：2022年冬季奥运会在北京和河北省城镇举行。The 2022 Winter Olympics和hold（动词，举办）之间是动宾关系，冬奥会被举办，应用被动语态，事情发生在过去，应为一般过去时，此处是一般过去时的被动语态“were/was +动词的过去分词”。故选D。 11．The windows of our classroom ________ every day. A．is cleaned B．are cleaned C．are cleaning D．is cleaning 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：我们教室的窗户每天都被打扫。分析句子可知，主语The windows与所给谓语动词“clean”之间是被动关系，即“窗户被打扫”，应用被动语态被动语态（be + 过去分词），主语The windows是名词复数，be动词应用are。故选B。 12．The wetland ________ seriously every day. I am very worried about it. A．had destroyed B．has been destroyed C．is being destroyed D．was destroyed 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：湿地每天都在被严重破坏。我很担心。destroy：破坏，动词。分析句子结构可知，“The wetland (湿地)”是主语，与动词“destroy”之间是被动关系，且根据句意和“every day (每天)”可知，此处描述的是正在进行的动作，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。 13．We ________ to close the windows before we left the room. A．tell B．are told C．told D．were told 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我们被告知在离开房间之前要把窗户关上。根据从句“ before we left the room”可知，时态使用一般过去时，主从句动作（“告知”及“离开”）几乎同时发生，时态应保持一致；主句主语We和谓语动词tell之间是被动关系，即“我们被告知”，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were+过去分词）。故选D。 14．This competition _______ next Monday. A．is held B．will be held C．held D．will hold 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态，句意：这场比赛将于下周一举行。根据“next Monday”可知，此句为一般现在时，且主语“This competition”与动词“hold”之间是被动关系，所以句子要用被动语态，故用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be+过去分词”。故选B。 15．Much information ________ back to the earth since the spacemen began their exploration on the moon. A．was sent B．were sent C．has been sent D．have been sent 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：自从宇航员开始探索月球以来，大量的信息已被送回到地球。根据时间状语“since the spacemen began their exploration on the moon”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，且主语“Much information (大量信息)”和动词“send (传送)”之间是被动关系，所以空处应填现在完成时的被动语态，“information”是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，所以是“has been sent”。故选C。 16．A great many fine cars ________ by the car factory since the technological revolution. A．have founded B．are founding C．have been founded D．are being founded 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：自从技术革命以来，这家汽车厂已经制造了许多好车。主语“cars”与动词“found”之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，再根据时间状语“since the technological revolution”可知，用现在完成时，所以是现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”。故选C。 17．This kind of jacket ______ everywhere this season. A．see B．are seen C．can see D．can be seen 【答案】D 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：这种外套在这个季节随处可见。分析句子可知，主语“This kind of jacket”与动词see之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态be done，根据句意可知，这种外套可以到处被看到，因此用“can be seen”。故选D。 【知识点清单二】主动形式表被动意义 【要点精讲】 下列动词用主动来表示被动。 ①3个发生: happen、take place 和 break out;2个证明: prove to be 和 turn out to be;1个属于: belong to;由······组成; consist of; 持续: last for, 实现 come true;握手 shake hands with; 遭受 suffer from;互相 each other。 The war happened in 1937. 战争发生在1937年。 My dream came true at last.我的梦想最终实现了。 The group consists of 10 persons.这个团队由十个人组成。 It proved to be right.这被证明是正确的。 ②5个感类系动词: feel、look、seem、taste 和 sound。 The dress feels soft.这个裙子感觉很柔软。 The soup tastes delicious.汤尝起来美味。 The music sounds beautiful.音乐听起来动听。 ③write、wash、read、clean、sell 等和 well、badly、easily 等副词连用时。 This book was written in 1990.这本书被写于1990年。(被动语态) That pen writes smoothly.那支笔写起来流畅。(主表被) The cloth was washed.这布料被洗了。(被动语态) The cloth washed well.这布料好洗。(主表被) ④需要被: need doing = need to be done want doing = want to be done require doing = require to be done 值得被: be worth doing The door needs repairing = The door needs to be repaired.这个门需要被修理。 The book is worth reading twice.这本书值得读两遍。 固定句型： It is said that… 据说…… It is reported that… 据报道…… It is well known that… 众所周知…… It is believed that… 人们相信…… 【即时训练】 1．This pen ________ smoothly. A．write B．writes C．is written D．wrote 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这支笔写起来很顺畅。“写起来顺畅”是钢笔的特征，陈述客观事实应使用一般现在时；当描述物品自身特性（如书写流畅、洗涤耐穿等）时，常用主动语态表示被动含义，所以使用write的主动形式表被动含义，主语This pen是第三人称单数，故用writes。故选B。 2．This kind of cloth ________ easily. A．wash B．is washed C．was washed D．washes 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：这种面料很好清洗。wash、sell等动词表示事物的内在品质时，用主动形式表示被动含义；该句主语“This kind of cloth”是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式washes。故选D。 3．This book ________. A．sells well B．is sold well C．sells good D．is sold good 【答案】A 【详解】考查形容词副词辨析及无需被动的情况。句意：这本书很畅销。well好地，副词；good好的，形容词。“sell”为动词，故用副词“well”来修饰，“sell well”在此处表示“畅销”，描述事物本身的特性，用主动形式表示被动意义。故选A。 4．My bike is broken, and it needs ________. A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．repaired 【答案】C 【详解】考查“need”的用法。句意：我的自行车坏了，需要修理。“need doing sth.”表示 “某物需要被……”，此时主语往往是物，用动名词形式表达被动的含义。故选C。 5．It ________ that an important meeting will be held in our city. A．reports B．is said C．is reporting D．is saying 【答案】B 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：据说我市将举行一次重要会议。分析句子可知，“an important meeting will be held in our city”是主语从句，句首的“It”是形式主语，动词“say/report”是谓语动词，和主语之间是被动关系，因此应使用被动语态，“It is said/reported...”意为“据说/报道”。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$