2025年中考英语专题复习-任务型阅读

中考英语专题复习 任务型阅读 目 录 一、还原型阅读 4 1.题型概述 4 2.解题步骤 4 3.方法清单 4 方法①设空位置定位法 5 方法②关键词复现法 5 方法③逻辑关系推断法 5 方法④代词推断法 6 4.案例分析 7 二、回答问题型阅读 14 1.题型概述 14 2.解题步骤 15 3.考试清单 15 考点①细节理解题（高频） 15 考点②推理判断题（高频） 16 考点③归纳总结题（高频） 16 考点④开放性试题（新考法） 16 3.案例分析 16 三、判断正误型阅读 20 1.题型概述 20 2.注意事项 20 3.解题方法 20 4.案例分析 21 四、完成句子型阅读 23 1.题型概述 23 2.解题方法 23 3.案例分析 24 五、完成表格型阅读 26 1.题型概述 26 2.解题步骤 26 3.考试清单 27 考点①信息查找题 27 考点②信息转换题 27 考点③信息归纳题 27 4.案例分析 28 六、综合任务型阅读 31 1.题型概述 31 2.解题步骤 31 3.考试清单 31 考点① 完成句子题 31 考点② 回答问题题 32 考点③ 翻译句子题 32 考点④找主题句题 32 4.案例分析 33 一、还原型阅读 1.题型概述 此类题型包括两部分：主干部分和选项部分。主干部分通常是一篇200词左右的文章，其中有5处空白，空白的位置可能在段首、段中或段末，但通常不会出现在文章首句。中考中常见的还原型阅读的类型有五选五、六选五、七选五。该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，并具备运用语法知识分析和理解长难句的能力。 2.解题步骤 （1）分析文章：通读全文，明确文章大意；留意设空位置，看空前空后内容，推断设空处作用，关注文本中的逻辑关系。 （2）分析选项：①根据语句表达方式，推断选项所在段落；②通读选项找到选项突破口（代词找指代对象、连词推逻辑、匹配关键词）。 （3）还原句子：结合空前空后的语句还原句子，先确定最有把握的空，其他逐个代入推导。 （4）复读全文确定答案。 3.方法清单 方法①设空位置定位法 方法②关键词复现法 方法③逻辑关系推断法 方法④代词推断法 方法①设空位置定位法 设空的位置在段首或段尾时，通常考查以下两种情况： 1.段落主旨句。段首设空时，阅读空后内容，找出关键信息，总结段落主旨；段尾设空时，注意选项中表结论、总结等的标志词（短语），如therefore、as a result、in short、in a word等。 2.段落间的过渡句。通常起承上启下的作用。 方法②关键词复现法 利用关键词选取正确答案，其中关键词呈现的形式包括：同词（组）复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现、派生词复现、同畴词复现（同一范围的词，如apple、orange和banana）。 方法③逻辑关系推断法 利用逻辑关系判断选项在文中的位置，主要的逻辑关系包括： 1.并列、递进或顺承关系：若选项中、空前或空后句中出现first/firstly、second/secondly、next、then、not only….but（also）…、also、besides、even、in addition、what's more等标志词（短语），则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列、递进或顺承关系； 2.转折或对比关系：如果选项中、空前或空后句中出现but、however、yet、instead、otherwise、on the other hand等标志词（短语），则表明空处与前句或后句是逻辑上的转折或对比关系； 3.解释或例证关系：如果选项中、空前或空后句 中 出 现 in other words、that is to say、it means….、in fact、such as、for example等标志词 （短语），则表明空处与前句或后句是解释或 例证关系； 4.因果关系：如果选项中、空前或空后句中出现 because、why、so、thus、therefore、as a result 等 标志词（短语），则表明空处与前句或后句是 因果关系。 方法④代词推断法 选项中或设空处后的代词主要用于指代前面提到的人、物或事，巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以准确而快速地解题，明确文中人称代词（如he、she、it）、指示代词（如this、that、these、those）或不定代词（如another）所指代的具体内容，推断过程中确保代词的人称和数与所指代对象保持一致。 从本质上说，在做题时最重要的是要读懂设空处前后的句子，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性选择正确答案，在读懂句意的基础上，如能运用设空位置定位法、关键词复现法、逻辑关系推断法、代词推断法，则可根据相应方法直接得出答案；如不适合运用以上方法，则应回归语境通过上下文得出答案。 4.案例分析 例1（2024福建中考） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 Sailing a boat is great exercise，which can be enjoyed with family or friends.Many people all over the world sail each year.With some lessons and practice，you could be one of them.1. ●Understand the basics（基础知识）. When you're starting out in sailing，learn the basics first.2. It works like any sailboat—with sails to catch the wind and push the boat forward.The sailor，the person working the boat，has to be able to move the sails，as well as use a rudder（舵）in order to direct the boat where they want it to go. ●Find sailing near you. The most important lesson you can learn in sailing is how to sailing do it safely，with the help of experienced sailing coaches.3. Then ask your parents to call them to find out what lessons or camps they have for kids in your age group. ●Prepare for your lesson. As a beginner，your lesson will start on land You'll learn skills，like how to raise the sails by pulling on the lines.4. It includes the boat and a life vest（救生衣）.Ask what type of shoes you should wear，and dress in clothes that will dry easily. 5. Remember to always wear your life vest on or near water，even when you're on the dock（码头）. Don't go near a boat or take one out unless your parents agree，and never sail or swim alone. A.Stay safe. B.Here's how to get started. C.You should begin on a small boat made for kids. D.The lesson should also provide most of what you need to sail. E.First，find sailing clubs and search for youth lessons near you. 解析 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了帆船运动的练习方法和注意事项。 1.设空位置定位法。段尾设空通常为段落主旨句或段落间的过渡句。该空位于第一段的段尾，根据空前的"With some lessons and practice，you could be one of them."和下文介绍的方法可知，此处应填入一个过渡句，来引出下文开始帆船运动的方法，B选项"以下是入门的方法。"符合语境，故选B。 2.代词推断法+关键词复现法。根据空后的"It works like any sailboat..."可知，此处It指代某种类型的船，C选项中的 boat与空后的sailboat属于关键词复现。因此C选项"你应该从为儿童制作的小船开始。"符合语境，故选C。 3. 逻辑关系推断法。上文"The most important lesson…with the help of experienced sailing coaches."提到了向有经验的教练学习，下文提到了lessons or camps，且空后有标志词Then，由此可知设空处前后为顺承关系，E选项"首先，找到你附近的帆船俱乐部并寻找青少年课程。"符合语境，且有标志词 First，故选E。 4.代词推断法+逻辑关系推断法。空后句 "It includes the boat and a life vest."中 It指代设空处的内容，the boat和 a life vest 是设空处的例证，由此推断It 指代练习所需装备。D 选项"课程还应该提供你驾驶帆船航行所需要的大部分东西。"符合语境，故选D。 5.设空位置定位法。设空处是段落标题，应体现段落主旨。根据第五段中的wear your life vest、Don't go near a boat or take one out 和 never sail or swim alone 可知，本段是关于安全方面的建议，A 选项"保 持安全。"符合语境，故选A。 例2 （2024山东烟台中考） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 A survey shows that the number of lonely adults is increasing.According to recent research，loneliness can have harmful effects on health.So if you feel lonely at times，be sure to care about it.Here are some tips for you to avoid being lonely. Make time to meet people Maybe it seems that you don't have time to meet new friends，but you need to consider your social life first. 1. You can even offer to take a neighbor's dog for a walk.The neighbor will surely like to make friends with you. Build your community online Without doubt，it's difficult for you to move to meet like-minded people.However，the Internet can easily bring people with the same interests together.2. Try some safe meetup websites，which list local groups and events， bringing people with common interests together. Know more about your friends In order to find possible friends，try to know more about them.What do they like doing?Join one of their activities.What subject（话题）are they interested in? 3. In this way，you can know each other much better. Work as volunteers Volunteering is good for both body and mind.It gives you the chance to communicate with people.Helping at the local food store or in a charity（慈善）shop will give you a warm feeling and you'll get to know other volunteers.4. Plan ahead 5. Rather than just suggesting meeting together，carry it out with an exact date and a careful plan.If you plan to meet more people，making a survey about the plan ahead of time will make the meeting more successful. A.Find out more about it and discuss it with them. B.So it is easy to build an online friend community. C.There are so many ways you can talk face to face now. D.Everyone’s busy，so getting people together needs a good plan. E.It'll also give you something to talk about with friends and family. F.Instead of checking your phone，go for a walk and chat with someone. 解析 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了接触社会，避免孤 独的方法。 1.关键词复现法。F项"Instead of checking your phone，go for a walk and chat with someone."中提到"散步"，呼应下句"你甚至可以主动帮邻居遛狗。";F项中的for a walk与空后一句的for a walk属于关键词复现，故选F。 2.逻辑关系推断法。本段谈论的是如何在网上建立你的朋友圈，结合空前一句可知，B项"So it is easy to build an online friend community. （所以建立一个线上朋友圈很容易。）"与上句构成因果关系，符合语境。故选B。 3.代词推断法。由上一句"What subject are they interested in?"可知，A 项"Find out more about it and discuss it with them.（找出更多关于它的信息并与他们讨论。）"与上一句衔接自然，符合语境，其中的两个 it 均 指代subject。故选A。 4. 逻辑关系推断法。空前 "Helping..will give you a warm feeling and you'll.…"与 E 项"It'll also give you something to talk about with friends and family."是顺承关系，故本题选E。 5.设空位置定位法+关键词复现法。由小标题 Plan ahead 可知，本段谈论的是计划，空处位于段首，D 项 "Everyone's busy，so getting people together needs a good plan.（每个人都很忙，所以把大家聚在一起需要一个好的计划。）"能引起下文，符合语境，且其中的 plan 与小标题中的Plan属于关键词复现。故选D。 例 3 （2024云南中考） 根据短文内容，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Reading is a lifelong journey.Put yourself into a world of books and get lost in another world—but where do you start?1. ◆Ask a librarian（图书管理员）. The best people to throw your questions are librarians! 2. If you tell a librarian what you've read before and what you liked or disliked about it，they will suggest some possible books for you to try. ◆Make a change. 3. You may get used to reading history books or you just take an interest in science fiction.What about the books about culture?You'll never know until you try. Give a new style a chance and you may enter a whole new world of reading. ◆Read reviews. Book reviews can help you decide if a book is for you.There are usually short reviews on the covers of books.4. Some websites provide book suggestions from writers，parents and teachers.Some people's opinions about the books are very interesting.Their ideas may help you get a right pick. ◆5. Reading something comfortable might be your first choice.But why not challenge yourself to read something more complicated（复杂的）?It is a good way of pushing yourself to improve your reading skills. A.Challenge yourself. B.They are cool book brains. C.You can also read reviews online. D.Let me tell you how to write book reviews. E.Changing into a new style of book is not easy. F.Here are some suggestions to pick a great book. G.Developing good reading habits takes a long time. 解析 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了几条着手开始阅读的比较实用的建议。 1.设空位置定位法。根据下文各个段落的建议可知，文章应为总- 分结构，此处为总起句，故选F。 2.代词推断法。根据设空处前面的librarians和后面的a librarian可知空处的内容与图书管理员有关，B选项"They are cool book brains."符合语境，其中They指代前面提到的librarians，表示图 书管理员对书很了解。故选B。 3.设空位置定位法。根据小标题"Make a change."及下文的阐述 可知，本段建议改变阅读书籍的类型，E选项符合语境，故选E。 4.关键词复现法。根据上文"There are usually short reviews on the covers of books."和下文"Some websites provide book suggestions from writers， parents and teachers."可知，这里建议在网络上读一些书评，C选项中的reviews与空前一句中的reviews属于关键词复现。故选C。 5.设空位置定位法。结合上文中三个小标题可知，此空应填祈使句作为小标题。根据下文"But why not challenge yourself to read something more complicated?"可知，应该进行自我挑战，阅读一些更为复杂的书籍，故选A。 二、回答问题型阅读 1.题型概述 该题型要求根据文章内容回答问题，题目通常针对文章中的细节信息来设题。问题通常以特殊疑问句为主，常见的疑问词有what、why、when、where、how等，有时也会考查一般疑问句。 2.解题步骤 （1）明确疑问句类型：一般疑问句通常为细节理解题，解答此类试题时应带着问题回到原文寻找答案；特殊疑问句要根据具体的疑问词来确定答案内容。 （2）找题干关键信息，准确定位：在理解题干所提问题后，根据题干关键信息定位到文中相应位置。 （3）阅读关键信息所在的句子，找出答案。 （4）整体检查，确保答案正确。 3.考试清单 考点①细节理解题 考点②推理判断题 考点③归纳总结题 考点④开放性试题（新考法） 考点①细节理解题（高频） 方法 此类题目要求考生用简洁的语言对所提问题进行回答（可用完整的句子，也可用单词或短语），一般可通过关键词定位，在文章中直接得到答案。 考点②推理判断题（高频） 方法 此类题目常常集中对文章中某一点或几点、某一方面或几方面提出问题。回答这类问题时，首先应仔细阅读原文，确定推理依据的范围，然后按题干进行推断。 考点③归纳总结题（高频） 方法 此类试题是就文章、段落的主旨大意或者文章、段落的标题等设问，答案一般为总结性句子或短语。抓主旨句是做此类题的关键。文章或段落的主旨句常在文章或段落开头或结尾出现，考生可结合题目和文章、段落主旨得出答案。 考点④开放性试题（新考法） 方法 开放性试题的主要目的是考查学生的开放性、批判性思维。 此类试题通常要求考生对文中所列举的事情发表自己的观点或者针对某一事情询问考生会怎么做，并且要求给出具体的例子。言之有理即可。 3.案例分析 例（2024山东日照中考） 阅读下面短文，回答短文后面的各个小题。 In many countries of the world people are saying，"We must do something about our rubbish.We don't want our world to become one big landfill site（垃圾填埋场）. " In Ireland the government were very worried about plastic bags so they decided to make people pay for them.Since 2002 Irish people have been paying for the bags they take home from the shops.Of course，they soon stopped buying new bags and started taking bags with them when shopping. Some countries have made even bigger changes.In 2006，the people of Zanzibar decided to stop making plastic bags.They were worried the bags were killing fish and sea animals.They also said nobody could bring plastic bags into the country.Soon there were no plastic bags in the country. One of the most exciting recycling ideas is Freecycle.It has grown around the world.People join a Freecycle group because they are looking for things or have things that they want to give to other people.Perhaps they have a chair they do not need any more，or they want a camera.They leave a message on the Internet to tell people what they want or what they are going to give.Nobody buys or sells anything—people give things to other people who want them.It is a good idea because it recycles useful things. Recycling is important and sometimes it is exciting too，but it is only one part of the answer. Using less and reusing are also important answers to the problem of rubbish. 1.What did the Irish government ask people to do? 2.Why are there no plastic bags in Zanzibar? 3.Why is Freecycle a good idea? 4.Please give a title to the passage. 5.What's your answer to the problem of rubbish? 解析 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介 绍了世界各地人们为减少垃圾而采取的措施。 1.The Irish government asked people to pay for plastic bags./Pay for plastic bags. 细节理解题。设问的方式为特殊疑问句，问题意为：爱尔兰政府要求人们做什么?需要用细节信息进行回答。由关键词Irish government 定位到 第二段第一句"In Ireland the government were very worried about plastic bags so they decided to make people pay for them."，可知爱尔兰政 府要求人们为塑料袋买单。 2.Because they stopped making plastic bags and nobody could bring plastic bags into the country. 推理判断题。由关键词 no plastic bags 和 Zanzibar 可以定位到第三段最后一句 "Soon there were no plastic bags in the country."，由其中的Soon可推断原因在前文中。由第三段第二句"In 2006，the people of Zanzibar decided to stop making plastic bags."及第四句"They also said nobody could bring plastic bags into the country."可知，他们停止生产塑料袋而且禁止携带塑料袋入境，因此桑给巴尔没有塑料袋了。 3.Because it recycles useful things. 细节理解题。设问的方式为特殊疑问句，问题意为：为什么"免费回收"是个好主意?需要用细节信息进行回答。由关键词Freecycle和good idea 定位到第四段最后一句"It is a good idea because it recycles useful things."，可知"免费回收"之所以是个好主意，是因为它循环使用 有用的东西。 4.How to Reduce Rubbish 归纳总结题。该题对文章标题进行设问，可通过总结文章主旨来提炼标题。本文主要谈论了世界各地的人们为减少垃圾而采取的措施。"How to Reduce Rubbish"能概括本文大意。本题为开放性试题，所给答案只要合理即可，本答案仅供参考。 5.We should use fewer plastic bags and reuse useful things. 开放性试题。设问的方式为特 殊疑问句，问题意为：你对垃圾问题的答案是什么?可以参考文章尾段进行回答或发表个人观点，言之有理即可，本答案仅供参考。 三、判断正误型阅读 1.题型概述 判断正误型阅读要求根据文章内容判断所给句子的正误，此类题型往往给出与文章意思相近或相反的几个句子要求辨别、判断，考查学生的理解、分析、归纳和判断能力。 2.注意事项 （1）在对句子进行判断时，一定要从文中找到依据，再进行比较、分析，不能凭空想象、胡乱猜测。只有完全符合文章意思的句子，才可判断为"正确";那些基本意思相同，却仍有某一点不符合的，应判断为"错误"。 （2）正确句子的特征：①对原句的关键词进行同义替换；②有时有词性或语态上的变化；③语气简化；④正话反说。 （3）错误句子的特征：①无中生有；②把原文内容扩大或缩小；③偷换概念；④表述不准确；⑤与文中信息相反。 3.解题方法 对照法 Step 1阅读题干，找出关键信息； Step 2根据关键信息定位，找出原文中与题干意思相同或相近的句子或段落； Step 3采用对照法：将原文中与题干意思相同或相近的句子或段落与题干一一对应，进行详细区分。 4.案例分析 例（2024云南中考） 根据短文内容，判断正误（正确"T"，错误"F"）。 Since April 13，2024，the China-Laos Railway （中老铁路）has started cross-border（跨境的）passenger service.The railway starts in Kunming，the capital of Yunnan Province，and runs south through Yuxi，Pu'er，Xishuangbanna，and the border town of Mohan in China.Then，it goes through Boten，Luang Prabang，Vang Vieng before reaching Vientiane，the capital of Laos. Now，it takes only 2 hours and 24 minutes to travel from Kunming to Pu'er，3 hours and 12 minutes from Kunming to Xishuangbanna，10 hours and 30 minutes from Kunming to Vientiane. Traveling by China-Laos Railway is an exciting way to enjoy the unusual scenery（风景） and rich cultures along the line.On arriving in Kunming，travelers can visit the Stone Forest， Dianchi Lake and Dounan Flower Market.After getting off at Pu'er Station，tourists can experience the ancient Tea Horse Road in southern Yunnan and enjoy the tea gardens within half an hour by car.Starting from Xishuangbanna Station，visitors can reach the Wild Elephant Valley and Olive Dam within an hour by car. If you are going to visit Yunnan and Laos， traveling by China-Laos Railway will be a great choice. 1.The cross-border passenger service of the China- Laos Railway started in February 2024. 2.It takes ten hours and a half to travel from Kunming to Vientiane on the cross-border train. 3.The writer introduces three places to visit in Kunming in Paragraph 2. 4.After getting off at Pu'er Station，tourists can visit the tea gardens. 5.The text comes from a sports magazine. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 解析 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，告诉读者中老铁路开通国际旅客列车这一事件，并介绍了一些沿途的景点。 1.题干意为：2024年2月，中老铁路开通跨境客运服务。由题干中的关键信息The cross- border passenger service和 started 定位到文章 首句"Since April 13，2024，the China-Laos Railway has started cross-border passenger service."， 可知中老铁路于2024年4月开通跨境客运服务，而不是2024年2月。题干表述与文章意思不符，故填F。 2.题干意为：从昆明到万象坐跨境火车需要十个半小时。由题干中的关键信息 Kunming to Vientiane 定位到第一段末尾10 hours and 30 minutes from Kunming to Vientiane，可知题干符合文章意思，故填T。 3.题干意为：作者在第二段中介绍了昆明的三个景点。由题干中的关键信息in Kunming 定位到第二段的"On arriving in Kunming，travelers can visit the Stone Forest，Dianchi Lake and Dounan Flower Market."，可知作者介绍了昆明的石林、滇池和斗南花卉市场三个景点，题干符合文章意思，故填T。 4.题干意为：在普洱站下车后，游客可以参观茶园。由题干中的关键信息Pu'er Station 定位到第二段的"After getting off at Pu'er Station， tourists can.…enjoy the tea gardens within half an hour by car."，可知题干符合文章意思，故填T。 5.题干意为：文章出自一本体育杂志。综合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍中老铁路国际旅客列车的开通以及沿途的旅游景点，因此文章不可能选自体育杂志，选自旅游杂志更合理，故填F。 四、完成句子型阅读 1.题型概述 完成句子型阅读要求根据短文内容填空，且题目以陈述句为主。目前考试中，大部分的题目要求中没有词数限制；但也存在限制词数的情况。需要注意的是，这类试题的答案词数一般都不会很多。 2.解题方法 跳读法+扫读法 Step 1找题干关键信息。 Step 2使用跳读法和扫读法在原文中找出与题 干意思相同或相近的句子或段落并将其 与题干进行比对。如果信息完全匹配， 则直接寻找缺失部分。若不完全匹配， 则需要对原文内容进行转换或归纳 总结。 Step 3 整体检查，确保答案正确。 ①书写规范（句首单词首字母要大写、标点、单词拼写等。） ②句式、人称、单复数、时态、语态、主谓一致等。 3.案例分析 例 （2024天津中考） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。 It is healthy to live around trees.Trees work as doctors and they keep us healthy. Many scientists have studied how trees clean the air.For people in large cities，trees can be very important for their health.These days，cities are planting trees not just in parks.They are also planting trees along streets in order to help clean the air. Some scientists also believe trees help more than just the air.Trees keep our bodies healthy as well.People in hospitals seem to do better when they can see trees from their rooms.People with trees near their homes usually take more exercise. Scientists have also studied the healthy effects（效果） of trees on our minds.One effect of trees seems to be that they make people feel relaxed.Scientists did some research on city people in an area with few trees.After trees were planted on the street，people walked slower when going home. They said the area was much nicer.Of course， another good effect is that doctor trees work for free ! 1.Trees work as and they keep us healthy. 2.Cities are also along streets to help clean the air. 3.People in hospitals when they can see trees. 4.Scientists have studied on our minds. 5.After trees were planted on the street， when they went home. 解析 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树对人们的健康的益处。 1.由题干中的关键信息Trees work as 定位到第一段第二句"Trees work as doctors and they keep us healthy."，可知应填doctors。 2.由题干中的关键信息along streets和 clean the air 定位到第二段最后一句"They are also planting trees along streets in order to help clean the air."，可知应填planting trees。 3.由题干中的关键信息People in hospitals 定位到第三段第三句"People in hospitals seem to do better when they can see trees from their rooms."，可知应填seem to do better。 4.由题干中的关键信息on our minds 定位到第四段第一句"Scientists have also studied the healthy effects of trees on our minds."，可知应填 the healthy effects of trees。 5. 由题干信息定位到第四段倒数第二句"After trees were planted on the street，people walked slower when going home."，可知应填 people walked slower。 五、完成表格型阅读 1.题型概述 完成表格型阅读要求根据文章提供的信息，用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的表格。此类题型 要求考生对文章的有效信息进行筛选、整合和概括，准确把握信息范围，理解文章的主旨大意。 2.解题步骤 （1）迅速阅读表格，分析表格的项目内容和结构特征。要特别关注标题栏及各个小标题，这样有助 于把握信息范围以及理解文章大意。 （2）快速浏览全文，把握文章大意，再读文章内容，找准细节定位。既要掌握文章的框架结构和段落 大意，又要对具体的事实细节进行定位、理解和转换。因此，应运用多种阅读技巧阅读文章，对 文章进行全面理解。 （3）抓住有效细节，准确填写表格。此类试题不仅考查考生通过快速阅读捕捉信息的能力，又要求 考生对文中信息进行理解和转换，并进行适当的逻辑推理和归纳总结。考生在填表时应返回原 文，找出与题目有关的内容，抓关键词汇，填好所缺内容；填好表格后，再次核对所填单词是否拼 写正确，是否符合文章内容。 3.考试清单 考点①信息查找题 考点②信息转换题 考点③信息归纳题 考点①信息查找题 方法 根据表格中所提供的细节信息，在原文中 找出具体语句，并进行仔细对比，找出缺失的单 词/短语。 考点②信息转换题 方法 先根据关键信息定位到文章中的具体语 句，并仔细对比、分析空处所缺少的内容与原文 内容，然后再进行适当的转换（如词性转换、句 子结构转换、同义词转换等），得出正确答案。 考点③信息归纳题 方法 这类试题的挖空位置一般涉及表格的大标题、表格的行（列）的小标题，考生在解答时要注意研究标题涵盖的全部内容，所填词要能概括出标题涵盖的全部信息。 4.案例分析 例 （2024四川南充中考改编） 阅读短文，根据短文内容，在短文后的空格里填入最恰当的单词（每空限填一词）。 As winter comes，hands can easily get cold.Thick gloves might be a good choice，but sometimes wearing them is inconvenient.However，this was not a problem for ancient Chinese people，who had a fine tool to warm their hands:hand warmers. There is one folk story about its invention. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty visited Jiangsu in winter.Because of the cold，a local official asked craftsmen（工匠人） to make a small warmer for the emperor that could be held in his hands.So，the hand warmer was created. By the Song Dynasty，the warmers had become popular among the common people.Skills for producing the tool were widely used in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Many poets from this period kept a record of people using hand warmers. In the early days，copper（铜）was generally used in the production process.It was more suitable than silver，iron and porcelain because it could transfer（传导）heat better，while reducing the risk of breakage or corrosion（腐蚀）.Inside a hand warmer，there were coals，some of which were mixed with flowers，giving off a nice smell when burned. Ancient hand warmers had different designs. Round，square and octagonal shapes were typical， and there were also some fashionable shapes which looked like pumpkins，flowers and turtle shells.The patterns on the warmers would usually be animals or symbols with good meanings，such as deer，flowers or the Chinese characters for long life. How ancient people warmed their hands in winter Introduction Hand warmers:a fine tool for ancient Chinese people to 1. their hands. The history ●In the Sui Dynasty:Craftsmen made a small warmer for Emperor Yang. ●By the Song Dynasty:The popularity of the warmers had risen. ● In the Ming and Qing Dynasties:Many poets 2. the use of hand warmers. The 3. ●The outside:copper It could transfer heat better It reduced the risk of breakage or corrosion. ● The 4. : coals，some mixed with flowers The designs The designs of the ancient hand warmers were not the 5. . ● Shapes:typical shapes and fashionable shapes ●Patterns:animals or symbols with good meanings 解析 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了古代的一种发明——暖手器。 1.信息查找题。表格中空处所在句对应原文第一段最后一句"...ancient Chinese people，who had a fine tool to warm their hands:hand warmer."，表示暖手器对于中国古人来说是一种很好的暖手工具。空处缺少动词，由其后的宾语 their hands 可知，应填warm。 2.信息转换题。表格中空处所在句对应原文第三段最后一句"Many poets from this period kept a record of people using hand warmers."， 表示这一时期的许多诗人都记录了人们使用暖手器的情况。设空处为谓语动词，对应kept a record，可将其转化为动词 record，时态为一般过去时，故填recorded。 3.信息归纳题。空处为所在行的小标题。根据本题后面所对应的内容定位到文章第四段，由关键信息copper、coals 等可知，本段主要讲的是用于制作暖手器的材料，故填material（s）。 4.信息转换题。表格中空处所在句对应原文第四段最后一句"Inside a hand warmer，there were coals…"，可知这里说的是暖手器内部的材料，与The outside 相对应，应将原文中的介词 inside 转化为名词，故填inside。 5.信息转换题。表格中空处所在句对应原文第五段第一句 "Ancient hand warmers had different designs."，表示古代暖手器的设计是不同的。空前有not the，空处应与different 意思相反，故填 same。 六、综合任务型阅读 1.题型概述 综合任务型阅读通常在材料后设置几个不同的任务，如完成句子、回答问题、翻译句子、找主题 句等，综合性较强，旨在考查学生对文章信息的再组织和再提炼能力。 2.解题步骤 （1）阅读所给的任务，明确任务要求。 （2） 带着任务泛读文章，了解文章大意。 （3）精读文章，逐题攻克。 3.考试清单 考点① 完成句子题 考点② 回答问题题 考点③ 翻译句子题 考点④ 找主题句题 考点① 完成句子题 方法 参考"（四）完成句子型阅读"的方法。 考点② 回答问题题 方法 参考"（二）回答问题型阅读"的方法。 考点③ 翻译句子题 方法 1.英译汉 Step 1分析结构，确定主干； ①若是主从复合句，找出句子主干后，厘清修饰成分；②若是简单句，要注意不同句式的翻译特点；③若是固定句型、短语，要熟记其含义。 Step 2遵循汉语表达习惯和"信达雅"的翻译 原则； Step 3对信息，核答案。 2.汉译英 Step 1根据汉语找到句子主干，然后确定本句使用的句式结构和固定短语，判断时态、语态； Step 2根据英语句式结构，翻译句子主干，然后加修饰语； Step③仔细检查，确保答案正确。 考点④找主题句题 方法 此类试题均是对文章、段落的主旨大意或者作者的写作意图等设问，答案一般为总结性句子，常出现在文章或段落的开头或结尾，是文章或段落的主旨句。 4.案例分析 例1（2024河北中考） 阅读下面短文，按要求完成1~5题。 Last week we went on a school trip to a science museum.Ms.Liu，the guide，showed us around a smart home. We started with the front door. Ms.Liu asked me to ring the doorbell.I didn’t notice the tiny camera that was fixed just above it.After I pressed （按）the doorbell，the camera sent a live video（视频直播）to the home-owners."They can electronically open the door when they are not at home，"said Ms.Liu. The other thing I couldn't see on the door was a lock."There must be one，"I thought.At this time，Ms.Liu took out a smart phone and put it against the door.And it opened."Oh，the key is on the smart phone." After entering the living room，I saw a computer on a table.By using the computer，the owners can control how much energy is used.In this way，they can manage their living cost. One of the rooms I wanted to see most was the bedroom.To my great surprise，the bed disappeared into the floor at the touch of the smart phone.The window has a smart blind（百叶窗）.It can be raised and lowered with a voice. As I left the smart home，I looked back on what I had just seen.Scientists often say that these products are improving our life.I think the technology in the smart home may make us lazier. However，there is no doubt that it will become more popular in the homes of tomorrow. 1、2题完成句子；3~5题简略回答问题。 1.Ms.Liu showed the students around in a science museum. 2.The home-owners can electronically when they are not at home. 3.Where is the key to the door? 4.How can the owners control how much energy is used? 5.Do you like the technology in the smart home? Why or why not? 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了一 次在博物馆参观智能家居的经历。 1.a smart home 完成句子题。题干信息对应第一段第二句"Ms.Liu，the guide，showed us around a smart home."，可知刘女士带学生参 观了智能家居。 2.open the door 完成句子题。题干信息对应第二段最后一句中的"They can electronically open the door when they are not at home"，可知 当他们不在家的时候他们可以用电子设备开门。 3.It is on the smart phone./On the smart phone.回答问题题（细节理解题）。 由第三段最后一 句"Oh，the key is on the smart phone."可知， 钥匙在智能手机上。 4.By using the computer. 回答问题题（细节理解题） 。由第四段第二句 "By using the computer，the owners can control how much energy is used."可知，通过使用电脑，业主可以控制使用多少能源。 5.Yes，I do.Because it improves our life./No，I don't.Because it may make us lazier. 回答问题题（开放性试题）。答案仅供参考，言之有理即可。 例2 （2024山东济宁中考） 阅读短文，根据要求完成1—5题。 "No touching"is a rule of many museums. However，there is a museum where touching is the most important thing to do.It is Please Touch Museum，a museum in Philadelphia，USA.It encourages visitors to touch，feel and see everything in it. Please Touch Museum opened in 1976 and has been a good place for kids and parents ever since.It offers interactive exhibits（互动式展品）on art，history，science，culture，and more for all ages.There are also special events for the whole family.There is always something new to see and do. The "Food &Family"exhibit is one of the museum's most popular exhibits. Kids learn about where food comes from，where they can find it， and how important it is in different cultures. There is also a role-playing game.Kids will shop for dinner at the supermarket，make a pizza in the kitchen and study cheeses and tea from around the world. The museum is educational，and the interactive exhibits make learning fun.Also，there is an area in the museum for parents and their kids to talk，play and spend time together.What's more，the tickets aren't expensive!That's why it's so popular with families. 1.When and where did Please Touch Museum open?（no more than 7 words） 2.What does the museum encourage visitors to do?（no more than 11 words） 3.What is the last paragraph mainly about?（no more than 8 words） 4.请将文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。 5.请给短文拟一个适当的英文标题。 【语篇解读】"禁止触碰"是许多博物馆的规定，然而美国费城一 家名为Please Touch Museum 的博物馆却鼓励游客触摸里面的一切。 1.It opened in Philadelphia，USA in 1976. 回答问题题（细节理解题）。根据第一段第三句"It is Please Touch Museum，a museum in Philadelphia，USA." 可知，Please Touch Museum 在美国费城；根据第二段第一句 "Please Touch Museum opened in 1976.…" 可知，它于1976年开馆。 2.It encourages visitors to touch，feel and see everything in it. 回答问题题（细节理解题）。 由题干关键词 encourage visitors 定位到第一段最后一句"It encourages visitors to touch， feel and see everything in it."，可知这个博物馆鼓励游客触摸、感受和看里面的一切。 3.The reason why it's so popular with families.找主题句题。通读最后一段内容可知，本段是分—总结构，故最后一句为本段的主题句，表示这个博物馆受家庭欢迎的原因，通过改写此句可得出答案。 4.孩子们了解食物从哪里来，他们在哪里可以找到食物，以及食物在不同文化中的重要性。翻译句子题。本题为英译汉，画线句为主从复合句，包含三个并列的宾语从句，learn about 意为"了解"。 5.Please Touch Museum 回答问题题（归纳总结题）。本文主要介 绍了Please Touch Museum 这个博物馆，因此题目应该与此相关。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$