Unit 8 词汇、短语、知识点及写作 讲义-2024-2025学年人教版（2012）英语八年级下册

人教版八年级英语下册（2024-2025）默写卷Unit 8-Have you read Treasure Island yet? Unit 8. Have you read Treasure Island yet? 1、 词形转换 1.hurry（动词）匆忙→（三单） hurries →（过去式） hurried 2.French（名词/形容词）法语，法国人，法国的→（名词）法国 France 3.actually（副词）真实地，事实是→（形容词）真实的，实际的 actual 4.south（名词）南方→ （形容词）南方的 southern 5.success（名词）成功→（动词）成功，实现目标 succeed →（形容词）成功的 successful →（副词）成功地 successfully 6.laughter（名词）笑，笑声→（动词）笑，大笑 laugh 7.beauty（名词）美，美丽→（形容词）美丽的 beautiful →（副词）漂亮地，美丽地 beautifully 8.introduce（动词）介绍，引见→（名词）介绍，简介，引言 introduction 9.read (v.) 阅读→(V-过去式) read →(V-过去分词) read 10.find (v.) 找到 → (V-过去式) found → (V-过去分词) found 11.make (v.) 制作，使 → (V-过去式) made → (V-过去分词) made 12.bring (v.)带来 → (V-过去式) brought → (V-过去分词) brought 13.lose (v.) 丢失 → (V-过去式) lost → (V-过去分词) lost 14.cut (v.) 砍，切 → (V-过去式) cut → (V-过去分词) cut 15.be(v.) 是 → (V-过去式) was/were → (V-过去分词) been 16.do (v.) 做 → (V-过去式) did → (V-过去分词) done 17.see (v.) 看见 → (V-过去式) saw → (V-过去分词) seen 18.drink (v.) 找到 → (V-过去式) drank → (V-过去分词) drunk 19.sell (v.) 出售 → (V-过去式) sold → (V-过去分词) sold 20.teach (v.) 教，讲授 → (V-过去式) taught → (V-过去分词) taught 2、 词组（phrases） NO. CHINESE ENGLISH NO. CHINESE ENGLISH 1 过去曾经做某事 have/has +过去分词 37 有点无聊 a bit boring 2 充满.... be full of 38 演奏流行音乐 play pop music 3 充满宝藏的岛屿 an island full of treasure 39 乡村音乐 country music 4 关于 be about 40 改变某人的生活 change one’s life 5 决定写关于...的哪本书 decide which book to write about 41 过去常常做某事 used to do sth 6 完成做某事 finish doing sth 42 留学 study abroad 7 长大，成长 grow up 43 出国 go abroad 8 放下 put down 44 充满感情的歌曲 a song full of feelings 9 和某人居住 live with sb. 45 返回家 return home 10 在25页 on page 25 46 思念某人 miss sb. 11 至少 at least 47 逐渐意识到.... come to realize 12 ...的背面，后背 the back of 48 自从那时起 ever since then 13 匆忙 hurry up 49 ...的迷、粉丝 a fan of 14 两周后 in two weeks 50 …的故乡/发源地 the home of 15 等待 wait for 51 现代生活 modern life 16 把某人称为.... call sb. ... 52 属于 belong to 17 什么也没有 have nothing 53 对...友好 be kind/friendly/nice to sb 18 取回来，带回 bring back 54 彼此 each other 19 20 2 盖房子 build a house 55 one another 20 带着枪出去 go out with a gun 56 生活中最好的东西 the best things in life 21 种植水果 grow fruits 57 大自然之美 the beauty of nature 22 在岛上 on the island 58 做某事是某人的梦想 It’s one’s dream to do sth. 23 其他什么人 who else 59 去那儿 go there 24 看见某人正在做某事 see sb. doing sth 60 做关于...的研究 do research on 25 朝着...跑 run towards 61 希望做某事 hope to do sth 26 在....中间 in the middle of 62 ...的数量 the number of 27 一块陆地 a oiece of land 63 许多 a number of 28 用某物做某事 use sth. to do sth 64 把A介绍给B introduce A to B 29 留下，遗留 leave behind 65 第一行 the first line 30 想要做某事 would like to do sth 66 成百万的 millions of 31 还没有 not yet 67 一部名著 a classic 32 看电影 see the film 68 因...吵架 fight over 33 科幻小说 science fiction 69 考虑 think about 34 对...感兴趣 be interested in 70 金钱的重要性 the importance of money 35 不久之后 not long after that 71 排队等候 wait in line 36 迫不及待做某事 can’t wait to do sth 72 插队 cut in line 三、重难点、易考点 考点1、【易混辨析】yet与already yet 意为“还；已经”，一般用于 否定 句或 疑问 句中，通常放在句 末 （中/末） already 意为“已经；早已”，通常用于 肯定 句中 Eg.Have you seen the film yet? 你已经看过那部电影了吗？ We have already got everything ready. 我们已经准备好了一切。 【拓展延伸】not yet意为“尚未；还没有”，常用作对现在完成时一般疑问句的否定回答。 Eg.—Have you finished reading the new book? 你读完这本新书了吗？ —Not yet. 还没有。 【即学即用】 1.We're worried about Mark，because we haven't received a letter from him ________. A.already B.ever C.yet D.never 2.－Bill hasn't finished reading Treasure Island ________.What about you? －I've read it twice ________. A.yet; just B.already; just C.already; yet D.yet; already 考点2、【易混辨析】重点：other, others, the other, the others与another的用法 代词 用法 例句 other 意为“ 其他的 ”，不能单独使用，后面必须跟可数名词复数 We learn Chinese, English, math and other subjects. others 意为“其他人”，相当于other+名词复数，后 不能 （能/不能）跟名词 Some students are doing homework, but others are talking loudly. the other 常用于“one...the other...”结构中，表示“（两者中的）另一个” He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor. the others 相当于the other+名词复数，指剩余的全部 There are 48 students in our class, some work hard, but the others don’t. another 表示“（三者及三者以上）的另一个”，只能代替或修饰可数名词单数 I don’t like this one, please show me another. 【即学即用】 1.Mrs. White has two children, one is a daughter, ________ is a son. A.another B. other C. others D. the other 2.When Anna heard someone call her name, she stood up and walked ________ the door. A.from B.towards C.to D.against 3.There is a chess club in our school. It has six girls and ________ are boys. A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 4.Some people like to rest in their free time, ________ like to travel. A. others B. other C. the other D. another 考点3、towards与to的用法 towards 只表示“向着某个方向”，没有“到达”之意 to 常跟在动词go、come、return、move等词之后，表示“向；往”，有“到达”之意 Eg.They drove towards the beach. 他们驾车朝海滩驶去。 He moved to Shanghai last year. 去年他搬去了上海。 考点4、must表推测 must情态动词，意为“一定；肯定”，表示有把握的、肯定的推测，后跟动词__原形__。must be表示“一定是；必定是”。 Eg. He must live near here. 他一定住在这附近。 The light is still on, so he must be at home. 灯还亮着，所以他一定在家。 【拓展延伸】表示有把握的、否定的推测用can’t，意为“不可能”，而must的否定形式 mustn’t ，则表示禁止，不表示否定的推测。 Eg.It can’t be my book. Mine is a bit newer. 这不可能是我的书，我的稍微新一点。 Children mustn’t play with fire. 孩子们不能玩火。（强调禁止此行为） 【即学即用】 1.The dictionary ________ be Mary’s, because her name is on the cover. A.may B. must C. can’t D. maybe 2.This green bottle ________ belong to Edward. His is blue. A.can’t B. must C. mustn’t D. need 考点5、belong不及物动词，意为“属于；归属”，常和介词to搭配使用，后接代词作宾语时，用宾格；后接名词作宾语时，不能用所有格。 【译】这支新钢笔属于我。 The new pen belongs to mine.（×） The new pen belongs to me.（√） 【译】这是属于汤姆的座位。 The seat belongs to Tom’s.（×） The seat belongs to Tom.（√） 考点6、【易混辨析】重点：million与millions of million 表示确数（意为“百万”）：当其前面有具体的基数词修饰时，million后不能加-s one million 一百万 millions of 表示概数（意为“数百万的”）：million必须用复数形式，且前面不能再用具体的基数词修饰 Millions of people come to visit the town every year. 每年有数百万人来参观这个城镇。 【记忆口诀】模糊数字“两有”（有-s有of），具体数字“两无”（无-s无of） 【拓展延伸】与million用法类似的还有hundred（百）、thousand（千）和billion（十亿）等。 【即学即用】 1.Every year, ________ books are donated（捐赠）to the children in poor areas. A.million B.millions C.millions of D.million of 2.The movie is so interesting that about ________ people have seen it in the past few days. A.two million B.two millions C.two million of D.two millions of 3.Do you know that the earth is home to ________ animals? A.million B. millions C. million of D. millions of 4.We gave away ________ books to the school library last year. A.six thousands B.six thousand C.six thousands of D.six thousand of 5.What would you do if you had two ____________ (million) dollars? 6.那位著名歌手拥有数百万粉丝。（完成句子）The famous singer has ____________ ____________ ____________ . 考点7、【易混辨析】重点：the number of与a number of 短语 用法 图解助记 the number of 表示“ ……的数量 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 单数 （单数/复数）形式 a number of 表示“ 许多 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 复数 （单数/复数）形式，其中number可被large、small、great等形容词修饰 【即学即用】 1.________ famous Chinese songs, such as The Love Song of Kangding and Jasmine Flowers, were sung during the concert. A.A number of B.The number of C.A great deal D.A great deal of 2.The number of people in the city ________ about seven million now. A.are B. has C. is D.be 3.In our city there ________ a number of cars and the number of them ________ growing larger and larger. A.are; is B.have; is C.is; are D.is; are 4.－Your parents bought you ________ books last year,right? －Yes, ________ them is 20. A. the number of; a number of B. the number of; the number of C. a number of; the number of D. a number of; a number of 5.The number of the books in the library ____________ (be) 500,000,000. 四、语法突破 现在完成时（一） 一、现在完成时的含义 1.过去对现在：表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态对现在仍有影响（动作发生在过去，结果影响到现在）。 2.过去到现在：从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在并有可能还会持续的动作或状态（一直延续到现在，for与since把时间带）。 二、现在完成时的句式结构 现在完成时是由“助动词have/has +过去分词（done）”构成的，其中助动词have/has无实义，帮助构成时态结构，不可省略。规则动词的过去分词与其过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词须加强记忆。 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语+ _have/has__ + _过去分词_ +其他. He has read this book before.他以前读过这本书。 否定句 主语+ haven’t/hasn’t +过去分词 +其他. He hasn’t read this book before.他以前没读过这本书。 一般疑问句及其答语 _Have/has_ +主语+ 过去分词_ +其他? 肯定回答：_Yes__, 主语+ _have/has__. 否定回答：_No__, 主语+ haven’t/hasn’t. —Has he read this book before?他以前读过这本书吗？ —Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t. 是的，他读过。/不，他没读过。 3、 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时 一般过去时 用法 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，侧重于现在的情况 表示过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关 时间状语 常和already（已经）、yet（已经；还）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从不）、before（以前）、since（自从）+时间点/从句（一般过去时）、for+时间段、so far（到目前为止）等连用 常和yesterday、last week、just now、in2012、two days ago等具体的表示过去的时间状语连用 谓语动词 与一段时间连用时，谓语动词要用延续性动词而不用非延续性动词 谓语动词没有延续性或非延续性动词的限制 【拓展延伸】 already“已经”，用在现在完成时的肯定句中（have/has和done之间） yet“已经”，用在现在完成时的疑问句末；“还”，用在现在完成时的否定句末。 ever“曾经”，never“从来没有”，just“刚刚”，用在现在完成时句中（have/has和done之间） recently “最近；近来”，用于现在完成时的句首或句末。 语法小测 一、单项选择 1.一Have you heard of the story? 一_______ It's really interesting. A.Yes, I have. B.Yes, I do. C.No, he hasn't. D.No, I haven't. 2.Jack has learned more about teamwork(团队合作）_______ he joined the soccer team. A.until B.since C.while D.for 3.—Would you like to watch Harry Potter with me tonight? —Sorry. I _______ it many times.  A.watch B.have watched C.will watch D.was watching 4.一This is the second time I have come to Taiyuan. It _______ a lot. 一Yeah, it is becoming more and more beautiful. A. changes                     B. will change                     C. was changing                     D. has changed 5.(2019·贵州铜仁)—Kangkang, I saw your English teacher in the office just now. —It ________ be him.He ________ to Shanghai on business. A.must; has gone B.must; has been C.can’t; has been D.can’t; has gone 6.一Tom, ________ you ever ________ that new film? 一Yes, I ________ ever it a week ago. A. have; seen; saw B. have; seen; see C. do; see; see D. had; seen; saw 7.In the past few years.many schools ________ the ways of doing morning exercises. A.change B.changes C.will change D.have changed 8.一Joe doesn't mind lending you his iPad. 一He needn't. I have ________ borrowed one. A. already                                 B. ever                                    C. yet                                    D. never 9.Miss Brown, we ________ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now? A. finish B. finishing C. are finished D. have finished 10.—________ you ________ your homework yet? —Yes. I ________ it a moment ago. A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished C.Have; done; have finished D.Will; do; finish 11.I ________ the book club last week and I ________ two books already. A. join; read B. joined; read C. joined; have read D. join; has read 12.I ________ hit about it two days ago, but he ________ what to do yet. A. told; hasn't decided B. have told; doesn’t decide C. told; doesn't decide D. have told; hasn't decided 13.—Hi, Lily! Why don't you go swimming with them? —Because I ________ my homework yet. A. didn't finish B. won't finish C. haven't finished D. don't finish 14.I ________ my dictionary to my classmate David a week ago, but he ________ it to me yet. A. lent; return      B. have lent; returned      C. lent; hasn't returned      D. have lent; didn't return 15.So far the young man ________ anything useful, but he will keep trying. A. won’t invent B. didn’t invent C. doesn’t invent D. hasn’t invented 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.This American boy ___________ (try) Beijing duck twice. 2.Linda's brother ___________ (use) the tool to move the stone in a minute. 3.They have already ___________ (arrive) at that village. 4.She ___________ (speak) Japanese well, so she can teach us Japanese. 5.My sister ___________ (buy) a CD yesterday and has listened to it. 6.Ever since then, many of us ___________ (realize) the importance of the family. 7.I lent my bike to her yesterday. But she ___________ (not give) it back yet. 8.Tom isn't thirsty because he ___________ (drink) two cups of tea. 9.Mr. Wang ___________ (work) at the factory ever since he was young. 10.I told him about it two days ago.But he ___________ (not decide) what to do yet. 五、交际用语 1.—Have you read Treasure Island yet? 你已经读过《金银岛》了吗？ —Yes, I have.读过。/ No, I haven't. 没读过。 2.—Has Tina read Treasure Island?蒂娜读过《金银岛》吗？ —Yes, she has.读过。/No,he doesn’t.没有读过。 3.— Have you at least read the back of the book？你读过书的封面吗？ —Yes, I have.读过。/ No, I haven't. 没读过。 4.—Have you read Little Women yet?你读过《小妇人》吗？ —Yes, I have.读过。/ No, I haven't. 没读过。 5.—Would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗？ —Yes,please!是的,请。 /No, thanks.不,谢谢。 6.—When did he leave?他什么时候离开的？— This morning.今天早上。 7.—What kind of music do you like?你喜欢什么音乐？—Country music.乡村音乐。 六、单元话题写作（文学与音乐，自己喜欢的歌手、作家及其作品） ◆开头句 ①Mo Yan is one of the most successful writers in Chinese history. ②Now she has become one of the most successful writers in the world. ③I enjoy reading different kinds of books，and my favorite book is Journey to the West. ◆中间句 ①The story was so amazing that I couldn’t put it down until I finished reading it. ②This book teaches me never to give up when I am in trouble. ③If we are brave enough and not afraid of failure，we will succeed in the end. ◆结尾句 ①If you haven’t read any of the books yet，pick one now. ②You will find a wonderful world in it. ③It reminds us that the best things in life are free—laughter，friends，family and so on. ④All in all，the book not only gives me a lot of fun but also tells me what to do when I am in trouble. ⑤Reading can make a difference to our life. ◆谚语积累 1.There is no end to learning.学无止境。 2.One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。 3.A good book is a good friend.好书如挚友。 4.Reading ten thousand books is like traveling ten thousand miles.读万卷书，行万里路。 【范文1】My favourite book写作思维导图 审题 体裁 说明文 话题 最喜欢的一本书 时态 以一般现在时 和现在完成时为主 人称 以第一人称为主 段落 布局 介绍书名 Among all the books I've read, I 及其梗概 like... best. The book is about... First, I like... 喜欢的原因 Second, the book teaches me to... ..... 整体评价 the book not only gives me... but also tells me... My favourite book Good books are valuable（宝贵的） treasures. Among all the books I’ve read, the Monkey King is my favourite book. The Monkey King is the main character in the traditional Chinese book Journey to the West. He is not a normal monkey. In fact, he is brave enough to fight with any bad person and he can always win the fights. So I like to read it. The book mainly talks about three things. First of all, it tells us why the monkey can make 72 changes and what different animals and objects he can change into. Secondly, the book shows us how the monkey uses his magic stick. Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. Last but not least, the book tells us how the monkey fights with bad people. I like to read this part very much because the monkey always tries his best to win the fights. The book teaches us to be brave when we are in trouble. And it also tells us to keep fighting to help the weak. Most importantly, it tells us to keep trying in our lives and never give up. 【范文2】 Growing Up with Reading Have you watched the program Everlasting Classics on CCTV? This program makes us more interested in reading books, especially classics. Reading can not only help us get a lot of knowledge, but also help us open up our eyes. At the same time, it can make ourselves feel more confident and improve ourselves. I have already read Journey to the West. The Monkey King uses a magic stick to fight against the bad people. I’m interested in reading this book because the Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never gives up. It is so good that I can’t put it down. After reading it, I know the importance of cooperation and responsibilities. So I suggest that everyone should read more books, especially classics, in their spare time. And I hope that everyone can get into the habit of reading, which can bring us a lot of pleasure. 【范文3】 Music in My Life Music is an important part in my life. Because of it, my life is colorful. It’s like a soul of a man, and it is also like a good friend always around me. Good music brings us comfort and peace of mind. There are all kinds of music in the world, such as pop music, rock music, classic music, drum music and so on. I love music for many reasons. Soft music can help me relax after tiring study. When I feel lonely, rock music can change my bad feelings and make me excited again. At the age of 8, I began to learn music. I used to play the guitar, but now I love playing the piano. I am very good at it. I’m a music fan, and different kinds of music can bring me different feelings. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$