Unit 7 词汇、短语、知识点及写作讲义-2024-2025学年人教版（2012）英语八年级下册

人教版八年级英语下册（2024-2025）默写卷-Unit 7. What’s the highest mountain in the world? Unit 7. What’s the highest mountain in the world? 一、词形转换 1.deep（形容词）深的→（副词）深深地，深刻地，深沉地 deeply 2.tour（动词/名词）旅行→（名词）旅行者 tourist 3.amaze（动词）使惊奇→（形容词）令人大为惊奇的 amazing →（形容词）惊奇的→ amazed 4.protect（动词）保护→（名词）保护 protection 5.wide（形容词）宽的→（副词）广泛地 widely 6.achieve（动词）达到，完成→（名词）成就，成绩 achievement 7.thick（形容词）厚的→（反义词）薄的 thin 8.include（动词）包含，包括→（介词）包含 including 9.freezing（形容词）冰冻的→（动词）结冰 freeze 10.condition（名词）条件，状况→（同义词） situation 11.succeed（动词）成功，实现目标→（名词）成功 success →（形容词）成功的 successful →（副词）成功地 successfully 12.Asia 亚洲(n.) →(adj.)亚洲的；亚洲人的 ____Asian_____ 13.bamboo竹子(n.) → (复数) ___bamboos____ 14.weigh（动词）称重→（名词）重量 weight 15.research（名词）研究→（同义词） study 16.keep（动词）饲养，保管，保持，继续→ （名词）饲养员，保管人 keeper 17.wake（动词）醒过来→（形容词）醒着的 awake 18.excite （动词）使激动→（名词）激动，兴奋 excitement →（形容词）令人激动的 exciting →（形容词）激动的 excited 19.illness（名词）疾病→（形容词）有病的 ill →（同义词） sickness →（形容词） sick 20.danger （名词）危险→ （ adj. ）危险的dangerous → （adj.） 濒临灭绝的，濒危的 endangered 二、词组（phrases） NO. CHINESE ENGLISH NO. CHINESE ENGLISH 1 在世界上 in the world 40 许多倍 many times 2 最高的山 the highest mountain 41 一个古老的国家 an ancient country 3 平方千米 square kilometer 42 重量是100公斤 weigh 100 kilos 4 在尺寸上 in size 43 出生时 at birth 5 2米深/长/高 2 meters deep/long/high 44 活到... live up to 6 2米深/长/高的 2-meter-deep/long/high 45 黑白相间 black and white 7 任何其他一个 any other + 单数名词 46 因....而出名 be famous for 8 咸水湖 salt lake 47 熊猫饲养员 panda keeper 9 最多的人口 the biggest population 48 为...准备 prepare for 10 ...的人口 the population of... 49 醒着 be awake 11 有悠久的历史 have a long history 50 兴奋地跑向... run over to ...with excitement 12 与...一样 the same as 51 走路时撞着 walk into 13 在亚洲 in Asia 52 绊倒 fall over 14 最....之一 one of the +最高级+复数 53 照顾 take care of 15 随意做某事 feel free to do sth. 54 中国的象征 a symbol of China 16 长城 the Great Wall 55 做研究 do research 17 明朝 the Ming Dynasty 56 研究中心 research center 18 正如你看到的 as you can see 57 死于疾病 dir from illness 19 20 2 据我所知 as far as I know 58 砍倒 cut down 20 ...的精神 the spirit of 59 造成问题 cause problems 21 ...的成就 the achievement of 60 每隔两年 every two years 22 浓云 thick cloud 61 某地有...正在做某事 there be +名词+doing sth. 23 冰冻的天气条件 freezing weather condition 62 教某人某事 teach sb about sth 24 吸入空气 take in air 63 野生动物 wild animal 25 第几个做某事的... the +序数词+n.+to do sth 64 ....的习惯 the habit of 26 成功地做到某事 succeed in doing sth 65 短期 for a short time 27 冒着生命危险 risk one’s life 66 水污染 water pollution 28 主要原因之一 one of the main reasons 67 为了肉、脂肪、油 for meat ,fat,oil 29 挑战自我 challenge oneself 68 唱歌 sing songs 30 面对困难时 in the face of difficulties 69 生活在海里 live in the sea 31 放弃做某事 give up doing sth 70 保护...不受侵害 protect ...from 32 实现梦想 achieve one’s dream 71 多于，超过 more than 33 =make one’s dream come true 72 大约 or so =about 34 大自然的力量 the forces of nature 73 对某人很特殊 be special to sb. 35 即使 even though/even if 74 全世界 around the world 36 人造物体 man-made objectd 75 再几个.... another +基数词+名词 37 包括做某事 include doing sth 76 做某事的重要性 the importance of doing sth 38 向我们表明 show us that从句 77 海洋生物 sea life 39 两条腿站立 stand on two legs 78 中国政府 Chinese government 三、重难点、易考点 考点1、英语中长、宽、高等的表达方式： 长、宽、高等表达法 基数词+单位词+形容词（long, wide, high, deep等） 基数词+单位词+ in +名词（length, width, height, depth等） Eg. The rope is three meters long. = The rope is three meters in length. 这条绳子有三米长。 The lake is eight feet deep. = The lake is eight feet in depth. 这个湖有八英尺深。 考点2 、重点：population的用法（1）"the population of...is +数词”，“……的人口数量是多少”，谓语动词用 单数 （单数/复数） （2）基数词+ percent of the population are….“百分之几的人口...”,谓语动词用 复数 （单数/复数） （3）询问人口数量时，用“What’s the population of ……?”=“How large is the population of...?” （4）表示人口“多”时，常用 big 或 large ；表示人口“少”时，常用 small ，而不用much/many或little/few 【注意】对population进行提问时，不能用how many或how much。 Eg.The population of China is much larger that that of the USA. 中国的人口比美国的人口多得多。 Three fifths of the population here are old people. 这里五分之三的人是老人。 —What is the population of your hometown? 你的家乡有多少人口？ —The population of my hometown is about 200,000. 我的家乡大约有二十万人口。 Hundreds of years ago, the world’s population was very small. 数百年前世界人口很少。 【即学即用】 1.—________ is the population of Brazil? —About 184 million. A. How much B. How many C. What D. How 2.The population of China is ________ than that of the USA. A.big B. bigger C. more D. many 3.—Which country has the ________ population in the world? —China.It's a little ________ than that of India. A.most; most B.biggest; bigger C.more; most D.bigger; biggest 4.The population of that country ________ large. About four fifths of the population ________ farmers. A.is; are B.are; is C.are; are D.is; be 5.The population of the city ___________ (be) about 500,000. 考点3 、【易混辨析】achieve与come true achieve 动词，意为“达到；完成”，其主语一般是人，即sb. achieve(s) sth. come true 短语动词，意为“实现；成为现实”，其主语一般是事物（理想、愿望等），即sth. come(s) true 考点4 、【用法详解】英语中常用的倍数表达法：倍数表达法 A+谓语动词+倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+ than +B 表示“A比B……多少倍” A+谓语动词+倍数+ as +形容词/副词的原级+ as +B 表示“A是B的多少倍……” A+谓语动词+倍数+ the height/weight/length/size...+ of +B 表示“A的高度/重量/长度/大小……是B的多少倍” Eg.He runs three times faster than his brother. 他跑得比他弟弟快三倍。 His father is twice as tall as he. 他父亲的身高是他的两倍。 This hill is four times the height of that small one. 这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。 【即学即用】 1.We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen ________ we speak. A. as twice much as B. twice as much as C.as much as twice D.as much twice a 2.The new road in this town is three times ________ than before. Six cars can pass it at the same time. A. wide                                B. wider                                C. the wider                            D. widest 考点5 、【易混辨析】fall over, fall down与fall off 短语 用法 图解助记 fall over 意为“绊倒”，强调“向前摔倒；跌倒” Eg.My brother fell over and hurt his legs. fall down 意为“倒下”强调“滑倒；倒下” Eg.He was shot（中枪）and fell down. fall off 意为“跌落”，强调“从某处跌落；从某处掉下来” Eg.The boy fell off the bike. 考点6 、【易混辨析】die from与die of 短语 相同点 区别 图解助记 die from 表示因病而死时，可通用 侧重指外部原因，如事故、自然灾害等 Eg.She died from a traffic accident. die of 侧重指自身原因，如衰老、饥饿等 Eg.It’s said that the old man died of sorrow（忧伤）. 四、语法突破 形容词和副词的比较等级 英语中的形容词和副词常用三种形式来表达事物的等级差别，分别是原级、比较级和最高级。 一）、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的构成 1.规则变化 类别 构成 图解助记 单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加__-er___或__-est__ 以字母e结尾加__-r___或__-st __ 以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母(辅元辅)，则__双写末尾辅音字母再加__-er___或__-est___ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变__y___为__i___再加__-er___或__-est___ 多音节词和部分双音节词 所有多音节和部分双音节词，在词前加__more__或__most__ 2.不规则变化（补全表格） 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best far farther farthest bad/badly/ill worse worst further furthest many/much more most old older oldest little less least elder eldest 二）、形容词和副词比较等级的用法 1.原级的用法和句式 两者的同级比较用“as+形容词和副词的原级+as”（否定用“not + as/so +形容词或副词的原级+ as”） Eg.This ruler is as long as that one. 这把尺子和那把尺子一样长。 Jim is not as/so tall as Tom. 吉姆不如汤姆高。 2.比较级的句式和用法 句式和用法 示例 “A+谓语动词+比较级+ than +B”用于两者之间的比较，表示其中一个比另一个更…… You are taller than your brother. 你比你弟弟高。 He jumped higher than you. 他比你跳得高。 “比较级+ and +比较级”表示事物本身程度的逐渐变化，意为“ 越来越…… ” He is running faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快。 The city is becoming more and more beautiful. 这个城市变得越来越漂亮了。 “the +比较级...，the +比较级...”表示一方程度的变化随着另一方的变化而平行变化，意为“ 越……，就越…… ” The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 你吃得越多，就会越胖。 “Which/Who +系动词+比较级，A or B?”表示两个人或事物中哪一个/谁更…… Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the blue one? 哪件毛衣更便宜，红色的还是蓝色的？ “A+系动词+ the +比较级+ of the two（+复数名词）”表示两者中比较……的 Mary is the taller of the two girls. 玛丽是两个女孩中较高的。 【拓展延伸】 （1）修饰形容词或副词的比较级可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, even, far等，但不能用very, so, too等修饰。 【记忆口诀】两多（much, a lot）两少（a little, a bit）一甚至（even），还有一个远（far）去了。 Eg.This story is much more interesting than that one. 这个故事比那个有趣得多。 （2）在比较结构中，被比较的事物应是同等成分，常用that或those代替前面的名词。 Eg.The workers in that factory are fewer than those in our factory.那个工厂的工人比我们工厂的工人少。 3.最高级的句式和用法 句式和用法 示例 “the +最高级+ in/of...”，其中in后常跟表示组织、团体之类的集体名词；of后跟名词或代词与句子的主语属于同一个概念范畴 She is the youngest in our class. 她是我们班里年龄最小的。 She is the youngest of the students. 她是学生中年龄最小的。 “Which/Who +系动词+ the +最高级，A，B or C?”表示三个人或事物中哪一个/谁最…… Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? 太阳、月球和地球，哪一个最大？ “one of the +最高级+复数名词”表示“最……的……之一” Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 上海是中国最美丽的城市之一。 形容词比较级句型和最高级句型的转换 · “any other +可数名词单数” 可与 “the other + 可数名词复”互换， 用比较级的形式表达最高级的意义。 Lucy is more careful than any other student in her class. (any other + 可数名词单数） =Lucy is more careful than the other students in her class. (the other + 名词复数） = Lucy is the most careful student in her class. 露西比班上任何一个学生都细心。（=露西是班上最细心的学生。） 语法小测 一、单项选择 1.—Of the two shirts, which one did Mom buy? —She bought the _______ one because she could save some money for a cap. A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive 2.The earlier we take action to protect our environment, the _______ it will be for our future. A.better B.best C.worse D.worst 3.A mobile phone with 5G can send videos much _______ than the one with 4G. A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.the fastest 4.If there is _______ pollution, the air in our city will be _______ dirtier. A. less; more                          B. more; much                        C. less; less                        D. more; more 5.Although Jane is only ten years old，she can swim as _______ as her elder brother. A. well                                   B. better                                  C. badly                                   D. worse 6.My sister is different from me. She is _______ more outgoing than me. A. much                                   B. quite                                   C. very                                   D. pretty 7.Funtawild Adventure is very popular and _______ tourists visit it year by year. A. more and more                B. fewer and fewer                C. less and less                D. more or less 8.—Which country has _______ population, Japan, India or China? —Japan, of course. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest 9.The _______ kids learn to be independent, the _______ it is for their future. A. early; beautiful B. early; more beautiful C. earlier; beautiful D. earlier; more beautiful 10.---No animals in the world are as _______ as pandas. ---I agree. I also think they are _______ of all the animals. A. lovely; the most interesting B. more lovely; interesting C. the most lovely; the most interesting D.lovely; most interesting 11.The air in our city is _______ than it used to be. We must do something to make it clean. A. pretty good B. much bad C. even worse D. very bad 12.In China, noodles are _______ than dumplings, dumplings are the most popular food. A.popular B.more popular　 C. less popular D.most popular 13.The weather of Beijing is cooler than _______ of Guangzhou. A. it B. this C. that D. those 14.Nanjing isn't so large _______ Shanghai, however, it's the second _______ city in East China. A. like; largest B. as; largest C. like; large D. as; large 15.—It’s cold today. I can’t stand it.I hope tomorrow won't be so _______. —I can't, either. But the radio says it will be even _______ tomorrow. A.cold; cold B. cold; colder C. colder; colder D. colder; coldest 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.The weather in Fujian is ___________ (warm) than that in Jilin in winter. 2.This mountain is as ___________ (high) as that one. 3.Of the three parks, this one is the ___________ (far) from my home. 4.We’re happy to see our city is developing ___________ (quickly) than before. 5.My cousin is the ___________ (thin) in his family. He needs to eat more and exercise more. 6.Cindy is growing fast. She is even ___________ (tall) than her mother. 7.Most of the students think Huang Bo is one of the  ___________ (popular) movie stars in China now. 8.The more you try to improve yourself, the ___________ (happy) you will feel. 9.Do you think you are ___________ (outgoing) than your father? 10.This bag is very heavy but that one is even ___________ (heavy). 五、交际用语 1.A:What's the highest mountain in the world? 世界上最高的山是什么山？ B:Qomolangma. 珠穆朗玛峰。 2.A: What is the biggest desert in the world?世界上最大的沙漠是哪一个？ B: The Sahara.撒哈拉沙漠。 3.A:Which is the deepest salt lake in the world?世界上最深的咸水湖是哪一个？ B: The Caspian Sea.里海。 4. What is the longest river in the world?世界上最长的河是什么河？B: The Nile.尼罗河。 5.A:How long is the wall?长城的墙有多长？ B:It’s about 8,850 kilometers long.大约8,850千米长。 6.A:How high is Qomolangma?珠穆朗玛峰有多高？ B:It's 8,844.43 meters high. 8,844.43米高。 7.A:How long can pandas live? 熊猫能活多久？ B:They can live up to 20 to 30 years. 他们能活到20到30年。 6、 单元话题写作（动物保护） Why? Here are some reasons. (该段中心句) 第1， 人们砍伐森林，污染河流。所以它们没有足够的地方居住和足够的东西吃。 第二，野生动物经常死于疾病。(die from illness) 第三，为了挣钱，人们杀死它们为了肉、脂肪和油。 (kill…for) 第 一 段 处于危险的原因 野生动物的现状 第 二 段 野生动物是我们的好朋友。然而，野生动物的数量越来越少。 它们处于极大危险中。 （fewer and fewer be in great danger） 野生动物的重要性及拯救措施 第 三 段 As we all know, animals are very important to us. Protecting animals is protecting ourselves. What should we do to save them? (该段中心句) 第一，我们应该停止砍伐森林并且多种树。 第二，我们不应该杀动物。 第三，我们应该建立研究基地以及告诉人们拯救野生动物的重要性。 Let’s take action to protect endangered animals. (结尾句) 【范文1】 My ways to protect animals As we all know, animals are our friends, and they play an important role in our life. But there are many animals in danger now. So it's time to do something to protect them. Here are my ways to protect animals. To begin with, everyone should care for animals. Don't eat, buy or sell wild animals.Secondly, read some books about animals to know more about the situation of them to protect them better. What's more, we could be volunteers to protect animals .we should let people know the importance of protecting endangered animals. All in all, if all of us take actions to protect animals, they will have a better environment to live in. 【范文2】 Protect Endangered Animals It is known to everyone, animals are our friends. However, many kinds of animals are in danger now, such as pandas and whales. There are several reasons for this. To begin with, they don't have enough food to eat or enough places to live. Secondly, humans pollute the rivers and take away their lands and forest. What's more, humans kill them for meat, fur and oil. It's time to protect endangered animals. As middle school students, what can we do? First, we must tell people around us how serious the problem of endangered animals is. Second, we mustn't buy clothes or food made from endangered animals. Third, we should advise the government to build more nature parks for animals. We all hope that in the future there will be a lot more foresrts and wild animals. 【范文3】 How to Make Our Hometown More Beautiful The clean water and green mountains are our treasures. It’s our dream to have a home with a blue sky, green trees and clean water. So it’s very important for us to realize the importance of protecting the environment and dealing with pollution. But what should we do? We can take actions in our daily life. We can plant more trees to keep the soil in place. Resources are very important, so we need to save resources to avoid polluting the environment. For example, we can use both sides of the paper. Polluted water should be dealt with in time to keep the river clean because we cannot live without water. When we go to other places, we can choose public transport to reduce air pollution. In my opinion, everyone can do something small to make a difference. When we see rubbish on the road, we should pick it up immediately. We should also learn to recycle waste by separating the waste into different groups. If all of us work together, we will have a more beautiful home. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$