Unit 7 Section 4 Grammar and Writing（PPT课件+Word版）-【创新教程】2025-2026学年中职英语基础模块3同步教案（高教版2023）

Section 4　Grammar and Writing 主语从句和表语从句 主语从句 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句，主语从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前，或为了避免头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句，it作为形式主语放于句首，而主语从句放在句子末尾。 1．主语从句的引导词 主语从句通常由从属连词(that和whether)、连接代词以及连接副词引导。主语从句使用陈述语序，其结构通常为“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他成分”；但当连接代词同时充当主语从句主语时，其结构为“连接代词＋谓语＋其他成分”。 (1)在连词that引导的主语从句中，that无含义，在句中不作成分。当that引导的主语从句直接位于句首时，that不可以省略。 That you are so indifferent bothers me. 你如此冷漠让我很痛苦。 That she survived the accident is a miracle. 她在那个事故中幸存下来是个奇迹。 (2)在连词whether引导的主语从句中，whether有词汇含义，可译为“是否”，在句中不作成分，不可以省略。注意：当主语从句置于句首时，只能用whether引导，不能用if。 Whether they would support us was a problem.他们是否会支持我们是个问题。 Whether she is coming or not doesn't matter too much. 她来不来都无关紧要。 (3)在连接代词引导的主语从句中，连接代词who，whose，whom，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分。注意：whatever，whoever引导主语从句时不含疑问意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等(whatever＝anything that；whoever＝anyone who)。 What you need is more practice. 你需要的是更多的练习。 Whatever we do is to serve the people.(＝Anything that we do is to serve the people.) 我们所做的一切都是为人民服务。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.) 任何犯法的人都应受到惩罚。 (4)在连接副词引导的主语从句中，连接副词when，where，why，how有词汇含义，在句中作状语。 Where we should leave it is a problem. 我们该把它放在哪儿是个问题。 When they will come hasn't been made public. 他们什么时候来还没有公布。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 2．it作形式主语代替主语从句的情况 由连词that引导的主语从句，在多数情况下放到句子的后面，用it作形式主语。另外，连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句也可以使用形式主语it代替主语从句。常用结构如下： (1)It＋be＋形容词＋that从句。 可用于该句型的形容词有strange，natural，obvious，true，good，wonderful，possible，unlikely，unusual，certain，evident，worthwhile，surprising，interesting，astonishing等。 It is necessary that...有必要…… It is clear that...很清楚…… It is likely that...很可能…… It is important that...重要的是…… It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 她是否能来值得怀疑。 It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon. 很可能飓风很快就要来了。 It seems obvious that we cannot go on like this. 很明显，我们不能再这样下去了。 (2)It＋be＋名词＋that从句。 可用于该句型的名词有fact，pity，wonder，knowledge，news，surprise等。 It is a fact that...事实是…… It is good news that...……是好消息 It is a question that...……是个问题 It is common knowledge that...……是常识 It is a mystery to me how it all happened. 这一切是怎么发生的，对我来说是个谜。 It's a pity that you missed the film. 很遗憾你错过了那部电影。 (3)It＋be＋动词的过去分词＋that从句。 可用于该句型的动词的过去分词有known，estimated，expected，believed，thought，hoped，noted，discussed，required，decided，suggested，demanded等。 It is said that...据说…… It is reported that...据报道…… It has been proved that...已证明…… It must be pointed out that...必须指出…… It is thought that he is the best player. 人们认为他是最好的运动员。 It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic. 这条新公路什么时候通车还没有弄清楚。 It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了。 It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. 众所周知光是沿直线传播的。 (4)It seems/happened/appears/doesn't matter/makes no difference/occurred/...＋从句。 It seems that they will win the game. 看来他们会赢得这场比赛。 It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否参加会议并不重要。 It happened that I saw him yesterday. 我昨天碰巧看见他了。 表语从句 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。 1．可以接表语从句的连系动词 (1)be动词am，is，are，was，were，being，been。 The trouble is that we are short of money. 我们的困难是资金短缺。 (2)感官动词feel，look，sound，taste，smell。 It sounds as if/though someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 (3)表持续的remain，keep，stay等。 It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows. 仍需观察天气情况对气流的影响。 (4)表变化的become，get，grow，turn，turn out，go，come，run，fall等。 By and by it can turn out that we are wrong. 一段时间后，也许会证明我们是错的。 (5)其他的还有prove，seem，appear等。 It appears to me that he wants to teach us all he has. 在我看来，他似乎要把他所会的都教给我们。 2．表语从句的引导词 (1)从属连词that或whether引导表语从句时，that无词义，而whether有词义，意为“是否”，两者在句中都不作成分。由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句，主句的主语常常是一些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。 The trouble is that he has lost his money. 麻烦是他丢了钱。 The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰激凌。 The fact is that we have no idea to solve this problem. 事实是我们没办法解决这个问题。 (2)从属连词because，as though，as if。 That's because we never thought of it. 那是因为我们从未想过此事。 She looks as if/though she were ten years younger. 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。 It looked as if/though it was going to snow. 看起来好像要下雪了。 It seems as if/though he didn't know the answer. 看起来他好像不知道答案。 (3)连接代词who，what，which，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever等引导表语从句时，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，不能省略。 The question is which of us should go. 问题是我们谁应该去。(which在表语从句中充当主语) The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表语从句中充当宾语) (4)连接副词when，where，why，how引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、原因或方式状语，本身具有词义。 Go and get your coat.It's where you left it. 去把你的外套拿来。就在你原来放的地方。(where在表语从句中充当地点状语) I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That's why I got wet through. 我既没雨衣也没伞，那是我淋湿的原因。(why在表语从句中充当原因状语) The problem is how we can get the things we need. 问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how在表语从句中充当方式状语) 单项选择 1．—Are you still thinking about yesterday's game? —Oh，that's 　________　. A．what makes me feel excited B．whatever I feel excited about C．how I feel about it D．when I feel excited 2．The reason is 　________　 I missed the bus. A．that　　　　 B．when C．why D．what 3．—He was born here. —That is 　________　 he likes the place so much. A．that B．what C．why D．how 4．　________　 your father wants to know is 　________　 getting on with your studies. A．What；how are you B．That；how you are C．How；that you are D．What；how you are 5．　________　 we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A．If B．Whether C．That D．Where 6．　________　 the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry. A．That B．What C．How D．Which 答案：1－6　AACDBA 保护环境 此类文体属于议论文范畴，写作时要注意根据当前环境形势，列出事实，然后分析保护环境的重要性。 1．简要介绍环保问题之重要：随着经济的高速发展，自然环境遭受严重污染和破坏，环保工作成为国人乃至世人共同关注的热点和焦点。 2．提出具体的环保措施，如：从日常生活做起，少开车，坐公交车，或骑自行车上下班，节约用电用水等，此段要详写。 3．号召人们行动起来，共同保护环境，发出倡议，召集志愿者等来提高人们的环境意识。 4．注意包含全部写作要点，注意语言使用和前后文的逻辑关系。 假如你是李华，近期你校开展了以“Saving Our Earth”为主题的环境保护项目式学习，你的英国朋友Tom来信询问该活动的情况，请你给他写一封回信， 内容包括： 1．本次项目式学习的目的； 2．谈谈你校为保护环境所采取的具体措施。 注意： 1．词数80－120左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ●[审题谋篇] 体裁：书信 人称：第一人称为主 时态：一般现在时 ●[重点词汇] 1．　be_interested_in　　对……感兴趣 2．　theme　 n. 主题 3．　damage　 v．/n 破坏，损害 4．　awareness　 n. 意识 5．　take_some_measures_to_do　 采取一些措施做…… 6．　on_foot　 步行 7．　reduce　 vt. 减少 8．　what's_more　 而且，进一步说 9．　be_related_to　 与……有关 10．　responsibility　 n. 责任，职责 ●[重点句型] 1．We should take some measures 　to_solve_these_problems　. 我们应该采取措施来解决这些问题。 2．It is necessary for us to go to school by bus or on foot 　because_it_can_reduce_the_air_pollution　. 我们有必要乘公交或步行去上学，因为这样能减少空气污染。 3．So it is everyone's responsibility 　to_protect_our_earth　. 因此保护我们的地球是我们每个人的责任。 [参考范文] Dear Tom， I'm glad to know you are interested in our school's project­based learning with the theme of “Saving Our Earth”． The purpose of project­based learning is to show the students the damage done to the earth and to raise the students' awareness of protecting the earth. We should take some measures to solve these problems. It is necessary for us to go to school by bus or on foot，because it can reduce the air pollution. What's more，we had better plant more trees. Environmental protection is closely related to our daily life. So it is everyone's responsibility to protect our earth. Yours， Li Hua 现在有太多的自然灾害，如洪水、干旱、地震、风暴和一些新的灾害。这是我们永远的痛苦，现在越来越多的人意识到那些自然灾害与我们对自然的破坏有很大关系。据此写一篇有关自然灾害的英语短文。词数80－120之间。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Nowadays，there are too many natural disasters，such as floods，droughts，earthquakes，storms and some new disasters. On May 5,2012，an earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province，killing many people. This is our eternal pain. Now more and more people realize that natural disasters have a lot to do with us，such as cutting down trees and polluting our living environment. As a result，some things have been changed by what we do. Natural disasters are here，and we urgently need to stop destroying it and do our best to protect it and make it a lovely and livable place because we have no place to live in unless we are there now. 对应学生课时P82 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．　Whoever　 makes mistakes must correct them. 2．It worried her a bit 　that　 her hair was turning grey. 3．　What　 Tom liked to eat was different from what you had expected. 4．　That　 we go swimming every day does us a lot of good. 5．It's uncertain 　whether　 the experiment is worth doing. 6．To tell you the truth，this is 　what　 I have in the world. Ⅱ.单项选择 1．　________　 we'll finish translating the book depends on the time. A．When　　　　　 B．Why C．What D．That 2．　________　 he won't go there is clear to all of us. A．How B．What C．Why D．This 3．　________　 the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting. A．If B．Where C．That D．What 4．　________　 you come or not is up to you. A．What B．If C．Why D．Whether 5．Is 　________　 true that the famous scientist will give us a lecture next week. A．that B．it C．is D．he 6．Your support is important to our work.　________　 you can do helps. A．However B．Whoever C．Whatever D．Wherever 7．　________　 made the school proud was 　________　 more than 90% of the students had been admitted to some leading universities. A．What；because B．What；that C．That；what D．That；because 8．—Should I buy two more bags of rice? —Too much，　________　. A．if you insist B．if you ask me C．you can't miss it D．don't mention it 9．　________　 leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A．Anyone B．Who C．Whoever D．The person 10．　________　 they are most interested in is how they can produce more and better cars. A．That B．What C．Whether D．Why 答案：1－5　ACBDB　6－10　CBBCB Ⅲ.阅读理解 A Because earthquakes happen without warning，it's important to take steps now to prepare. Because you don't know where you will be when an earthquake happens，prepare some supplies for your home，workplace and car. 1．Water. A person needs at least 1/2 gallon of water daily just for drinking. Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72­hour period.It is suggested that you buy bottled water. Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it. Also，do check the “use by” date. 2．Food. It's always a practical idea to keep a supply of non­perishable (不易腐烂的) food on hand. Have an enough supply of canned food，powdered milk，dried fruits，non­salted nuts and canned juices for at least 72 hours. 3．Flashlights (手电筒) and spare batteries. Keep a flashlight beside your bed，at your place of work，and in your car.Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are sure that no gas leaks. Prepare a battery­powered radio and spare batteries. Most telephones will be out of order，so radios will be your best source of information. 4．Clothes. If you live in a cold place，you must think about warmth. You might not have heat after an earthquake.Think about your clothing and bedding supplies. 1．Why should people prepare themselves for an earthquake? A．Because earthquakes can be known before they happen. B．Because earthquakes take place without warning. C．Because earthquakes usually take place in the neighborhood. D．Because it's people's daily work to prepare the earthquakes. 2．About the prepared water，which description is RIGHT? A．A person should prepare 0.5 gallon of water for one day. B．You'd better use your own containers to keep water. C．You'd better open the bottled water when you buy it. D．You shouldn't open the bottled water until you need it. 3．You should prepare all of the following except 　________　. A．powdered milk　 B．fresh vegetables C．dried fruits D．canned juices 4．According to the article we know that 　________　. A．we need to prepare some supplies only at home B．a telephone is the most important prepared thing C．flashlights but not matches are first used after earthquakes D．clothes are used to protect your head 5．If you live in a cold place，you should prepare 　________　. A．some warm clothes and bedding supplies B．some hot water C．some batteries D．some flashlights [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了由于地震发生在毫无预兆的情况下，采取措施做准备是很重要的，文章在水、手电、衣服、食物的准备上给出了建议。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Because earthquakes happen without warning，it's important to take steps now to prepare.”可知，选B。] 2．D　[细节理解题。根据第一条“Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it.”可知，选D。] 3．B　[细节理解题。根据第二条“Have an enough supply of canned food，powdered milk，dried fruits，non­salted nuts and canned juices”可知，选B。] 4．C　[细节理解题。根据第三条“Keep a flashlight beside your bed，at your place of work，and in your car.Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are sure that no gas leaks.”可知，选C。] 5．A　[细节理解题。根据第四条“If you live in a cold place，you must think about warmth.”可知，选A。] B A big sandstorm hit northern China several months ago. It covered many cities with thick clouds of yellow dust. The storm，which came from Mongolia，was the largest sandstorm in China in the past 10 years. Many flights and classes were cancelled because the visibility (能见度) was lower than 500 metres. The storm was the result of warm and dry weather in the area，together with the strong winds from Mongolia. “There has been little rainfall so far this spring and the temperature is rising. So now it is a worrying time for sandstorms，” said an expert from Beijing. In recent years，sandstorms haven't been as common in northern China as before. The land with desertification (沙漠化) has been falling by 7,585 km2 per year in China，and the area of sandy land has been 　decreasing　 by 1,284 km2 a year. This is thanks to China's Three­North Shelter Forest Program (TNSFP 三北防护林工程) which started in the 1970s. Millions of trees have been planted in northern China to prevent sandstorms and protect the environment. Besides，China has a color­graded weather warning system for sandstorms，with red meaning the most serious，followed by orange and yellow. Therefore，people would have time to get prepared for the sandstorm. Sandstorm <1 kilometer Severe sandstorm < 500 meters Super severe sandstorm < 50 meters 6.What caused the sandstorm from Mongolia? A．Cold and wet weather together with the strong winds. B．Warm，dry weather and the strong winds. C．Warm，wet weather and the strong winds. D．Cold，dry weather and the strong winds. 7．The underlined word “decreasing” means “　________　”． A．going up B．putting down C．going down D．putting up 8．When did TNSFP start? A．In the 1970s. B．In the 1980s. C．In the 1960s. D．In the 1950s. 9．If the visibility in your city is 700 metres，what color will the warning be? A．Red. B．Orange. C．Yellow. D．Black. 10．What can we infer from the passage? A．We have taken some actions to prevent sandstorms. B．Sandstorms have never changed. C．The weather is getting worse and worse. D．Sandstorms will never happen in the future. [语篇解读]　本文介绍了沙尘暴对人们的影响以及中国在抗击沙尘暴方面做了什么。 6．B　[细节理解题。根据“The storm was the result of warm and dry weather in the area，together with the strong winds from Mongolia.”可知，选B。] 7．C　[词义猜测题。根据前文“The land with desertification (沙漠化) has been falling by 7,585 km2 per year in China”可知，选C。] 8．A　[细节理解题。根据“This is thanks to China's Three­North Shelter Forest Program which started in the 1970s.”可知，选A。] 9．C　[细节理解题。根据“Besides，China has a color­graded weather warning system for sandstorms，with red meaning the most serious，followed by orange and yellow.”可知，选C。] 10．A　[推理判断题。根据“Besides，China has a color­graded weather warning system for sandstorms，with red meaning the most serious，followed by orange and yellow.”可知，选A。] Ⅳ.书面表达 为进一步增强全民防灾减灾意识，更好地宣传防灾减灾的重要性，校报英语专栏向全校征稿。请根据以下写作要点用英语写一篇演讲稿参加活动。 要点： 1．选择一种灾害，比如地震、火灾等。 2．对该灾害进行描述。 3．给出预防措施。 注意： 1．内容须包含上述要点，可适当发挥。 2．80－120词数左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Away from Danger For better understanding of the importance of disaster prevention，I'd like to give a talk called “Away from Danger”．________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ That's all. Thank you. [参考范文] 　Away from Danger　 　For_better_understanding_of_the_importance_of_disaster_prevention，I'd_like_to_give_a_talk_called_“Away_from_Danger”．　 A few days ago，I saw a building on fire. There was heavy smoke. People screamed in fear and ran in all directions. What should we do in a big fire？Remember to cover our mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect ourselves from thick smoke. Stay low to the ground. As students，we should learn to prevent fire in our daily life. Don't put anything hot into the rubbish bin. Moreover，never play with fire. 　That's_all._Thank_you.　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 对应学生课时P82 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．　Whoever　 makes mistakes must correct them. 2．It worried her a bit 　that　 her hair was turning grey. 3．　What　 Tom liked to eat was different from what you had expected. 4．　That　 we go swimming every day does us a lot of good. 5．It's uncertain 　whether　 the experiment is worth doing. 6．To tell you the truth，this is 　what　 I have in the world. Ⅱ.单项选择 1．　________　 we'll finish translating the book depends on the time. A．When　　　　　 B．Why C．What D．That 2．　________　 he won't go there is clear to all of us. A．How B．What C．Why D．This 3．　________　 the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting. A．If B．Where C．That D．What 4．　________　 you come or not is up to you. A．What B．If C．Why D．Whether 5．Is 　________　 true that the famous scientist will give us a lecture next week. A．that B．it C．is D．he 6．Your support is important to our work.　________　 you can do helps. A．However B．Whoever C．Whatever D．Wherever 7．　________　 made the school proud was 　________　 more than 90% of the students had been admitted to some leading universities. A．What；because B．What；that C．That；what D．That；because 8．—Should I buy two more bags of rice? —Too much，　________　. A．if you insist B．if you ask me C．you can't miss it D．don't mention it 9．　________　 leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A．Anyone B．Who C．Whoever D．The person 10．　________　 they are most interested in is how they can produce more and better cars. A．That B．What C．Whether D．Why 答案：1－5　ACBDB　6－10　CBBCB Ⅲ.阅读理解 A Because earthquakes happen without warning，it's important to take steps now to prepare. Because you don't know where you will be when an earthquake happens，prepare some supplies for your home，workplace and car. 1．Water. A person needs at least 1/2 gallon of water daily just for drinking. Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72­hour period.It is suggested that you buy bottled water. Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it. Also，do check the “use by” date. 2．Food. It's always a practical idea to keep a supply of non­perishable (不易腐烂的) food on hand. Have an enough supply of canned food，powdered milk，dried fruits，non­salted nuts and canned juices for at least 72 hours. 3．Flashlights (手电筒) and spare batteries. Keep a flashlight beside your bed，at your place of work，and in your car.Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are sure that no gas leaks. Prepare a battery­powered radio and spare batteries. Most telephones will be out of order，so radios will be your best source of information. 4．Clothes. If you live in a cold place，you must think about warmth. You might not have heat after an earthquake.Think about your clothing and bedding supplies. 1．Why should people prepare themselves for an earthquake? A．Because earthquakes can be known before they happen. B．Because earthquakes take place without warning. C．Because earthquakes usually take place in the neighborhood. D．Because it's people's daily work to prepare the earthquakes. 2．About the prepared water，which description is RIGHT? A．A person should prepare 0.5 gallon of water for one day. B．You'd better use your own containers to keep water. C．You'd better open the bottled water when you buy it. D．You shouldn't open the bottled water until you need it. 3．You should prepare all of the following except 　________　. A．powdered milk　 B．fresh vegetables C．dried fruits D．canned juices 4．According to the article we know that 　________　. A．we need to prepare some supplies only at home B．a telephone is the most important prepared thing C．flashlights but not matches are first used after earthquakes D．clothes are used to protect your head 5．If you live in a cold place，you should prepare 　________　. A．some warm clothes and bedding supplies B．some hot water C．some batteries D．some flashlights [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了由于地震发生在毫无预兆的情况下，采取措施做准备是很重要的，文章在水、手电、衣服、食物的准备上给出了建议。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Because earthquakes happen without warning，it's important to take steps now to prepare.”可知，选B。] 2．D　[细节理解题。根据第一条“Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it.”可知，选D。] 3．B　[细节理解题。根据第二条“Have an enough supply of canned food，powdered milk，dried fruits，non­salted nuts and canned juices”可知，选B。] 4．C　[细节理解题。根据第三条“Keep a flashlight beside your bed，at your place of work，and in your car.Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are sure that no gas leaks.”可知，选C。] 5．A　[细节理解题。根据第四条“If you live in a cold place，you must think about warmth.”可知，选A。] B A big sandstorm hit northern China several months ago. It covered many cities with thick clouds of yellow dust. The storm，which came from Mongolia，was the largest sandstorm in China in the past 10 years. Many flights and classes were cancelled because the visibility (能见度) was lower than 500 metres. The storm was the result of warm and dry weather in the area，together with the strong winds from Mongolia. “There has been little rainfall so far this spring and the temperature is rising. So now it is a worrying time for sandstorms，” said an expert from Beijing. In recent years，sandstorms haven't been as common in northern China as before. The land with desertification (沙漠化) has been falling by 7,585 km2 per year in China，and the area of sandy land has been 　decreasing　 by 1,284 km2 a year. This is thanks to China's Three­North Shelter Forest Program (TNSFP 三北防护林工程) which started in the 1970s. Millions of trees have been planted in northern China to prevent sandstorms and protect the environment. Besides，China has a color­graded weather warning system for sandstorms，with red meaning the most serious，followed by orange and yellow. Therefore，people would have time to get prepared for the sandstorm. Sandstorm <1 kilometer Severe sandstorm < 500 meters Super severe sandstorm < 50 meters 6.What caused the sandstorm from Mongolia? A．Cold and wet weather together with the strong winds. B．Warm，dry weather and the strong winds. C．Warm，wet weather and the strong winds. D．Cold，dry weather and the strong winds. 7．The underlined word “decreasing” means “　________　”． A．going up B．putting down C．going down D．putting up 8．When did TNSFP start? A．In the 1970s. B．In the 1980s. C．In the 1960s. D．In the 1950s. 9．If the visibility in your city is 700 metres，what color will the warning be? A．Red. B．Orange. C．Yellow. D．Black. 10．What can we infer from the passage? A．We have taken some actions to prevent sandstorms. B．Sandstorms have never changed. C．The weather is getting worse and worse. D．Sandstorms will never happen in the future. [语篇解读]　本文介绍了沙尘暴对人们的影响以及中国在抗击沙尘暴方面做了什么。 6．B　[细节理解题。根据“The storm was the result of warm and dry weather in the area，together with the strong winds from Mongolia.”可知，选B。] 7．C　[词义猜测题。根据前文“The land with desertification (沙漠化) has been falling by 7,585 km2 per year in China”可知，选C。] 8．A　[细节理解题。根据“This is thanks to China's Three­North Shelter Forest Program which started in the 1970s.”可知，选A。] 9．C　[细节理解题。根据“Besides，China has a color­graded weather warning system for sandstorms，with red meaning the most serious，followed by orange and yellow.”可知，选C。] 10．A　[推理判断题。根据“Besides，China has a color­graded weather warning system for sandstorms，with red meaning the most serious，followed by orange and yellow.”可知，选A。] Ⅳ.书面表达 为进一步增强全民防灾减灾意识，更好地宣传防灾减灾的重要性，校报英语专栏向全校征稿。请根据以下写作要点用英语写一篇演讲稿参加活动。 要点： 1．选择一种灾害，比如地震、火灾等。 2．对该灾害进行描述。 3．给出预防措施。 注意： 1．内容须包含上述要点，可适当发挥。 2．80－120词数左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Away from Danger For better understanding of the importance of disaster prevention，I'd like to give a talk called “Away from Danger”．________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ That's all. Thank you. [参考范文] 　Away from Danger　 　For_better_understanding_of_the_importance_of_disaster_prevention，I'd_like_to_give_a_talk_called_“Away_from_Danger”．　 A few days ago，I saw a building on fire. There was heavy smoke. People screamed in fear and ran in all directions. What should we do in a big fire？Remember to cover our mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect ourselves from thick smoke. Stay low to the ground. As students，we should learn to prevent fire in our daily life. Don't put anything hot into the rubbish bin. Moreover，never play with fire. 　That's_all._Thank_you.　 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Section 4　Grammar and Writing UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 语法 探究突破 01 写作 表达升格 02 课后 素养提升 03 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 语法 探究突破 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural 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Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 主语从句和表语从句 主语从句 在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句，主语从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前，或为了避免头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句，it作为形式主语放于句首，而主语从句放在句子末尾。 1．主语从句的引导词 主语从句通常由从属连词(that和whether)、连接代词以及连接副词引导。主语从句使用陈述语序，其结构通常为“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他成分”；但当连接代词同时充当主语从句主语时，其结构为“连接代词＋谓语＋其他成分”。 (1)在连词that引导的主语从句中，that无含义，在句中不作成分。当that引导的主语从句直接位于句首时，that不可以省略。 That you are so indifferent bothers me. 你如此冷漠让我很痛苦。 That she survived the accident is a miracle. 她在那个事故中幸存下来是个奇迹。 (2)在连词whether引导的主语从句中，whether有词汇含义，可译为“是否”，在句中不作成分，不可以省略。注意：当主语从句置于句首时，只能用whether引导，不能用if。 Whether they would support us was a problem.他们是否会支持我们是个问题。 Whether she is coming or not doesn't matter too much. 她来不来都无关紧要。 (3)在连接代词引导的主语从句中，连接代词who，whose，whom，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分。注意：whatever，whoever引导主语从句时不含疑问意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等(whatever＝anything that；whoever＝anyone who)。 What you need is more practice. 你需要的是更多的练习。 Whatever we do is to serve the people.(＝Anything that we do is to serve the people.) 我们所做的一切都是为人民服务。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.) 任何犯法的人都应受到惩罚。 (4)在连接副词引导的主语从句中，连接副词when，where，why，how有词汇含义，在句中作状语。 Where we should leave it is a problem. 我们该把它放在哪儿是个问题。 When they will come hasn't been made public. 他们什么时候来还没有公布。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 2．it作形式主语代替主语从句的情况 由连词that引导的主语从句，在多数情况下放到句子的后面，用it作形式主语。另外，连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句也可以使用形式主语it代替主语从句。常用结构如下： (1)It＋be＋形容词＋that从句。 可用于该句型的形容词有strange，natural，obvious，true，good，wonderful，possible，unlikely，unusual，certain，evident，worthwhile，surprising，interesting，astonishing等。 It is necessary that...有必要…… It is clear that...很清楚…… It is likely that...很可能…… It is important that...重要的是…… It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 她是否能来值得怀疑。 It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon. 很可能飓风很快就要来了。 It seems obvious that we cannot go on like this. 很明显，我们不能再这样下去了。 (2)It＋be＋名词＋that从句。 可用于该句型的名词有fact，pity，wonder，knowledge，news，surprise等。 It is a fact that...事实是…… It is good news that...……是好消息 It is a question that...……是个问题 It is common knowledge that...……是常识 It is a mystery to me how it all happened. 这一切是怎么发生的，对我来说是个谜。 It's a pity that you missed the film. 很遗憾你错过了那部电影。 (3)It＋be＋动词的过去分词＋that从句。 可用于该句型的动词的过去分词有known，estimated，expected，believed，thought，hoped，noted，discussed，required，decided，suggested，demanded等。 It is said that...据说…… It is reported that...据报道…… It has been proved that...已证明…… It must be pointed out that...必须指出…… It is thought that he is the best player. 人们认为他是最好的运动员。 It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic. 这条新公路什么时候通车还没有弄清楚。 It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了。 It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. 众所周知光是沿直线传播的。 (4)It seems/happened/appears/doesn't matter/makes no difference/occurred/...＋从句。 It seems that they will win the game. 看来他们会赢得这场比赛。 It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否参加会议并不重要。 It happened that I saw him yesterday. 我昨天碰巧看见他了。 表语从句 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。 1．可以接表语从句的连系动词 (1)be动词am，is，are，was，were，being，been。 The trouble is that we are short of money. 我们的困难是资金短缺。 (2)感官动词feel，look，sound，taste，smell。 It sounds as if/though someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 (3)表持续的remain，keep，stay等。 It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows. 仍需观察天气情况对气流的影响。 (4)表变化的become，get，grow，turn，turn out，go，come，run，fall等。 By and by it can turn out that we are wrong. 一段时间后，也许会证明我们是错的。 (5)其他的还有prove，seem，appear等。 It appears to me that he wants to teach us all he has. 在我看来，他似乎要把他所会的都教给我们。 2．表语从句的引导词 (1)从属连词that或whether引导表语从句时，that无词义，而whether有词义，意为“是否”，两者在句中都不作成分。由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句，主句的主语常常是一些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。 The trouble is that he has lost his money. 麻烦是他丢了钱。 The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰激凌。 The fact is that we have no idea to solve this problem. 事实是我们没办法解决这个问题。 (2)从属连词because，as though，as if。 That's because we never thought of it. 那是因为我们从未想过此事。 She looks as if/though she were ten years younger. 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。 It looked as if/though it was going to snow. 看起来好像要下雪了。 It seems as if/though he didn't know the answer. 看起来他好像不知道答案。 (3)连接代词who，what，which，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever等引导表语从句时，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，不能省略。 The question is which of us should go. 问题是我们谁应该去。(which在表语从句中充当主语) The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表语从句中充当宾语) (4)连接副词when，where，why，how引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、原因或方式状语，本身具有词义。 Go and get your coat.It's where you left it. 去把你的外套拿来。就在你原来放的地方。(where在表语从句中充当地点状语) I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That's why I got wet through. 我既没雨衣也没伞，那是我淋湿的原因。(why在表语从句中充当原因状语) The problem is how we can get the things we need. 问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how在表语从句中充当方式状语) 单项选择 1．—Are you still thinking about yesterday's game? —Oh，that's 　________　. A．what makes me feel excited B．whatever I feel excited about C．how I feel about it D．when I feel excited 2．The reason is 　________　 I missed the bus. A．that　　　　 B．when C．why D．what 3．—He was born here. —That is 　________　 he likes the place so much. A．that B．what C．why D．how 4．　________　 your father wants to know is 　________　 getting on with your studies. A．What；how are you B．That；how you are C．How；that you are D．What；how you are 5．　________　 we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A．If B．Whether C．That D．Where 6．　________　 the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry. A．That B．What C．How D．Which 答案：1－6　AACDBA 保护环境 此类文体属于议论文范畴，写作时要注意根据当前环境形势，列出事实，然后分析保护环境的重要性。 1．简要介绍环保问题之重要：随着经济的高速发展，自然环境遭受严重污染和破坏，环保工作成为国人乃至世人共同关注的热点和焦点。 2．提出具体的环保措施，如：从日常生活做起，少开车，坐公交车，或骑自行车上下班，节约用电用水等，此段要详写。 3．号召人们行动起来，共同保护环境，发出倡议，召集志愿者等来提高人们的环境意识。 4．注意包含全部写作要点，注意语言使用和前后文的逻辑关系。 假如你是李华，近期你校开展了以“Saving Our Earth”为主题的环境保护项目式学习，你的英国朋友Tom来信询问该活动的情况，请你给他写一封回信， 内容包括： 1．本次项目式学习的目的； 2．谈谈你校为保护环境所采取的具体措施。 注意： 1．词数80－120左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ●[审题谋篇] 体裁：书信 人称：第一人称为主 时态：一般现在时 ●[重点词汇] 1．　be interested in　　对……感兴趣 2．　theme　 n. 主题 3．　damage　 v．/n 破坏，损害 4．　awareness　 n. 意识 5．　take some measures to do　 采取一些措施做…… 6．　on foot　 步行 7．　reduce　 vt. 减少 8．　what's more　 而且，进一步说 9．　be related to　 与……有关 10．　responsibility　 n. 责任，职责 ●[重点句型] 1．We should take some measures 　to solve these problems　. 我们应该采取措施来解决这些问题。 2．It is necessary for us to go to school by bus or on foot 　because it can reduce the air pollution　. 我们有必要乘公交或步行去上学，因为这样能减少空气污染。 3．So it is everyone's responsibility 　to protect our earth　. 因此保护我们的地球是我们每个人的责任。 [参考范文] Dear Tom， I'm glad to know you are interested in our school's project­based learning with the theme of “Saving Our Earth”． The purpose of project­based learning is to show the students the damage done to the earth and to raise the students' awareness of protecting the earth. We should take some measures to solve these problems. It is necessary for us to go to school by bus or on foot，because it can reduce the air pollution. What's more，we had better plant more trees. Environmental protection is closely related to our daily life. So it is everyone's responsibility to protect our earth. Yours， Li Hua 现在有太多的自然灾害，如洪水、干旱、地震、风暴和一些新的灾害。这是我们永远的痛苦，现在越来越多的人意识到那些自然灾害与我们对自然的破坏有很大关系。据此写一篇有关自然灾害的英语短文。词数80－120之间。 __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Nowadays，there are too many natural disasters，such as floods，droughts，earthquakes，storms and some new disasters. On May 5,2012，an earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province，killing many people. This is our eternal pain. Now more and more people realize that natural disasters have a lot to do with us，such as cutting down trees and polluting our living environment. As a result，some things have been changed by what we do. Natural disasters are here，and we urgently need to stop destroying it and do our best to protect it and make it a lovely and livable place because we have no place to live in unless we are there now. $$