Unit 7 Section 2 Reading and Writing（PPT课件+Word版）-【创新教程】2025-2026学年中职英语基础模块3同步教案（高教版2023）

Section 2　Reading and Writing Ⅰ.单词预习 1．　blow　 v．(风)刮，吹 2．　loose　 adj.松动的 3．　soil　 n．土地，土壤 4．　urban　 adj.城市的 5．　promote　 v．促进，提升→　promotion　 n．提拔，晋升 6．　volcano　 n．火山 7．　sandstorm　 n．沙尘暴 8．　discussion　 n．讨论→　discuss　 v．讨论，辩论 9．　tie　 v．捆，系 10．　vehicle　 n．交通工具，车辆 11．　global　 adj.全球的 12．　sustainable　 adj.持续性的 13．　realize　 v．认识到→　realization　 n．认识，领悟 14．　definitely　 adv.确定地 Ⅱ.短语预习 1．　tie...to...　　把……系到……上 2．　cut_down　 削减；砍倒 3．　pay_attention_to　 注意；重视 4．　lead_to_　 导致；通向 5．　come_from　 来自；出生于 6．　too...to...　 太……而不能 7．　as_well_as　 也；和……一样； 不但……而且 8．　be_responsible_for　 对……负责；是……的原因 9．　due_to　 由于；应归于 10．　try_to_do_sth.　 尽力做某事 11．　be_sure_to_do_sth_　 务必做某事 Ⅲ.根据课文判断正(T)误(F)。 1．It is known that sandstorms are caused by strong winds blowing over loose soil and sand. ( T ) 2．Half a century ago, sandstorms happened every ten years.( F ) 3．Some people have paid enough attention to smog.( F ) 4．Many of the natural disasters are due to the environmental damages caused by human activities. ( T ) 5．Now humans haven't realized the importance of protecting environment. ( F ) 6．People are advised to use electric cars and public transportation.( T ) 7．If we make some changes the number of disasters is sure to reduce.( T ) Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Natural Disasters and Human Activities There are more and more 1.　discussions　 (discuss) on natural disasters in recent year. It is 2.　known　 (know) that sandstorms are caused by strong winds 3.　blowing　 (blow) over loose soil or sand. Fifty years ago,4.　sandstorms　(sandstorm) happened less frequently than now. Experts think that it is human activities 5.　that　 lead to this disaster, such as urban 6.　development　 (develop) and cutting more trees. But some people do not pay enough attention 7.　to　 smog, they don't know it is partly caused by the gases from heavy industry and vehicles. It is lucky that humans have realized the 8.　importance　 (important) of sustainable development as well as the environmental 9.　protection　 (protect), and things are getting better. We 10.　are_promoting　(promote) the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. It is certain that we are sure to prevent all the disasters. 1．discussion n．讨论；论述，辩论 　There are more and more discussions on natural disasters in recent years.(教材P121) 近年来，关于自然灾害的讨论越来越多。 under discussion正在讨论中 have/hold a discussion with sb. about sth. 与某人讨论某事 discuss v．讨论，辩论 discuss sth. with sb.与某人讨论某事 Many other proposals are under discussion behind closed doors. 许多其他提议也在秘密讨论中。 It's necessary for us to have a thorough discussion with our parents about the meaning of education. 我们有必要与父母深入的讨论教育的意义。 I'll discuss the problem with you whenever you are free. 无论你什么时间有空，我就同你讨论这个问题。 We had a discussion about our future. 我们就未来进行了讨论。 ●[即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Many questions are 　under　 discussion. ②Can I have a discussion 　with　 you about the matter. ③I want to 　discuss_the_problem_with_you　. 我想和你讨论一下这个问题。 2．pay attention to 注意 　Some people do not pay enough attention to smog, and they don't know it is partly caused by the gases from heavy industry and vehicles. (教材P121) 一些人对雾霾不够重视，他们不知道它部分是由重工业和汽车排放的气体造成的。 to为介词的动词短语： pay attention to　注意 look forward to 盼望，期待 get down to 着手处理 contribute...to 捐献…… lead to 导致；通向 We must pay enough attention to the housing condition of the teachers. 我们必须对教师们的住房有足够的重视。 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我希望很快能够见到你。 Stop talking, and get down to doing your homework. 别讲话了，开始认真做作业。 The student volunteers contributed their own time to helping exchanged students. 学生志愿者贡献自己的时间来帮助交换生。 The man got used to living in the countryside. 那个男人已习惯于住在农村。 ●[即学活用]　单句语法填空/单项选择 ①We always pay attention to 　improving　 (improve) our living quality. ②His actions could lead to him 　losing　 (lose) his job. ③I think we should get down to 　______________　our classroom at once. A．clean　　　　　 B．cleaning C．cleaned D．cleans 答案：B 3．harmful adj.有害的，造成伤害的 　These harmful gases also lead to acid rain, though a very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires.(教材P121) 这些有害气体也会导致酸雨，尽管有一小部分酸雨来自火山或野火。 be harmful to对……有害 harm n．伤害，损害 do harm to sb.＝do sb. harm损害；对……有害 Loud noise is harmful to the inner ear. 噪音对内耳有害。 Overwork will do harm to your health. 过度劳累会损害你的健康。 Too much exercise will do you harm. 运动过度可能对你有害。 He would never harm anyone. 他永远不会伤害任何人。 ●[即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It means smoking is 　harmful　 (harm) to our health. ②Some computer games 　do_harm_to/are_harmful_to　 children. 一些电脑游戏对孩子们有害。 ③Too much exposure to the sun 　is_harmful_to/does_harm_to　 your skin. 过多地在阳光下暴露对皮肤是有害的。 4．advise v．通知，告知；劝告，建议 　People are advised to use electric cars and public transportation.(教材P121) 建议人们使用电动汽车和公共交通工具。 advise doing sth.建议做某事 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事 advise that sb. (should) do sth.建议某人做某事 advice n．建议 a piece of advice一条建议 I would strongly advise against going out on your own. 我要极力奉劝你别单独外出。 How many times have I advised you to give up smoking? 我已经劝过你多少次让你戒烟了？ The doctor advised that he (should) change the heavy shoes for light ones. 医生建议他把重的鞋换成轻的鞋。 It is strongly advised that you (should) take out insurance. 奉劝你务必办理保险。 ●[即学活用]　单句语法填空/单项选择 ①They advised 　putting　 (put) off the meeting till next week. ②The minister advised him 　to_leave　 (leave) as soon as possible. ③Jo was advised 　________　 to control herself. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learned 答案：B ④The teacher advised 　________　 a different approach. A．take B．took C．taking D．to take 答案：C Today we are growing too fast to remember the importance of sustainable development for both nature and human world.(教材P121) 今天，我们发展得太快，以至于忘记了可持续发展对自然和人类世界的重要性。 　[句式分析] 句中．..too fast to remember the importance 为too...to结构。 (1)too...to...句式的结构形式为“too＋形容词或副词＋to＋动词原形”，通常翻译成“太……而不能……”。 (2)根据语境的需要，不定式前可以带有一个由介词for引出的逻辑主语。如果句子主语与其后不定式有动宾关系，其后作为及物动词的不定式不再带宾语。但此时的不定式习惯上也不用被动语态(即用主动式表示被动意义)。 (3)在以下几种情况，too...to...结构可以表示肯定意义，而不是否定意义： ①当不定式前或者副词too前有否定词时； ②当副词too后面修饰的形容词是glad，ready，pleased等表示“积极”意义的词汇时。 Now I'm too busy to discuss it with you. 我现在太忙，没时间和你讨论。 The box is too heavy for me to carry. 这箱子太重了，我搬不动。 This problem is too difficult to solve. 这个问题太难，无法解决。 He is too smart not to jump at the chance. 他这人很精明，不会错过这个机会。 But I am not too busy to eat and drink. 可是我还没忙到顾不上吃喝的程度。 Everyone here is too ready to help others. 这里人们都很乐意帮助他人。 ●[即学活用]　单项选择/完成句子 ①The firm is 　_____________　small to compete against large companies. A．so B．too C．very D．quite 答案：B ②He is 　too_young_to_know_right_from_wrong　. 他太小，还分不清是非。 ③The road was 　too_narrow_for_cars_to_pass　. 路很窄，汽车过不去。 对应学生课时P76 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．　Loose　 (宽松的) clothing gives you greater freedom of movement. 2．The body was hidden beneath a thin layer of 　soil　 (土壤)． 3．He spoke angrily about the condition of the 　urban　 (城市的) poor. 4．The meeting discussed how to 　promote　 (推广) this latest product. 5．An active 　volcano　 (火山) may erupt at anytime. 6．She didn't participate in the 　discussion　 (讨论)． 7．　Global　 (全球的) warming is a real problem. 8．I 　realize　 (认识到) I ought to have told you about it. Ⅱ.短语填空 cut down，lead to，come from，be responsible for，due to，pay attention to，too...to，try to do 1．Now I 　try_to_do　 the same job in Cuba. 2．He 　cut_down　 on coffee and cigarettes，and ate a balanced diet. 3．The laws have 　led_to　 a reduction in fuel consumption in the US. 4．Nearly half the students 　come_from　 overseas. 5．Mike 　is_responsible_for　 designing the entire project. 6．She was 　too　 tired 　to　 take a shower. 7．How to 　pay_attention_to　 mental health? 8．Many accidents were 　due_to　 pilot misjudgement. Ⅲ.单项选择 1．Smoking is responsible 　________　 about 90% of deaths from lung cancer. A．to　 B．for　 C．on　 D．with 2．His work is to 　________　 trees for the factory. A．cut off　　　　 B．cut out C．cut in D．cut down 3．Don't tie your horse 　________　 the young tree. A．for　 B．on　 C．to　 D．at 4．We had a discussion 　________　 them 　________　 the differences between Britain and the US. A．with；with B．about；about C．about；with D．with；about 5．Smoking is not only harmful 　________　 smokers themselves，but also threatens other people's health. A．for　 B．to　 C．on　 D．with 6．He as well as his parents 　________　 me very well. A．treat B．treating C．treats D．to treat 7．He was advised 　________　 his alcohol consumption. A．to reduce B．reduce C．reducing D．reduces 8．It's uncertain 　________　 the exhibition will be held in Shanghai. A．if　 B．that　 C．whether　 D．how 答案：1－5　BDCDB　6－8　CAC Ⅳ.阅读理解 Natural (自然的) disasters affect thousands of people around the world each year.But different parts of the world experience different types of disasters. Some places have typhoons while others have tornadoes. You should know what disasters can affect your home and family. Every emergency (紧急情况) is different. But these three things can help you prepare yourself and keep your family safe. Do Some Research Learn about the disasters that can happen in your area. How could those disasters affect your home，phones，power and water? Make a Plan In a disaster，you can't always travel. Sometimes phones stop working，too. Decide where family members should meet if they can't get home safely. Make a list of important phone numbers and addresses for everyone to keep in their bags or wallets. Prepare for the emergency. What will you take if you need to leave home quickly? Clothes，water and food are important. But so are important papers such as ID cards and bank information. If someone in your family needs medicine，you should take that，too. Keep these things together in one place. That way you can get them quickly if you need them. 1．To keep your family safe in disasters，you should 　________　 first of all. A．do some research B．make a plan C．prepare for the emergency D．own a strong house 2．It's better for family members to keep important phone numbers 　________　. A．in their bedroom B．in their wallets C．on the desk D．in their mind 3．Which of the following is NOT true? A．Natural disasters happen every year. B．Phones may stop working in a disaster. C．Typhoon happens in every part of the world. D．You should choose a place for your family members to meet. 4．How many kinds of things should we keep together in one place according to the last paragraph? A．Two.　 B．Three.　 C．Four.　 D．Five. 5．What's the best title for the passage? A．Natural Disasters B．The Effect of Disasters C．Preparation for Disasters D．Fight against Disasters [语篇解读]　本文讲述了自然灾害每年影响着全世界数千人，详细介绍了在不同的灾害面前，我们需要做的一些准备，来保护家人的安全。 1．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段和“Do some research.”可知，为了让你的家人在灾难中安全，你首先应该做一些调查。故选A。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据“Make a list of important phone numbers and addresses for everyone to keep in their bags or wallets.”可知，家人最好把重要的电话号码放在钱包里。故选B。] 3．C　[推理判断题。根据“Some places have typhoons while others have tornadoes.”可知，台风在世界各地都有发生是错误的。故选C。] 4．D　[细节理解题。根据“Clothes，water and food are important. But so are important papers such as ID cards and bank information. If someone in your family needs medicine，you should take that，too.”可知，根据最后一段，我们应该把衣服、水、食物、重要证件和药放在一起。故选D。] 5．C　[标题归纳题。根据整篇文章，尤其是第二段内容，可知文章说的是为灾难做准备。故选C。] Ⅴ.完形填空 Like it or not，plastic is everywhere. We sit on it，store our food in it，drink from it，text with it，type with it，and wear it. Americans buy 50 million plastic water bottles every year，and we 　____1____　 away enough plastic items each year to go around the Earth four times. But still it is 　____2____　 to live without it at present. What can you do about it? Broadreach has 　____3____　 a Plastic­Free Day. This is your chance to make a 　____4____　 by living without plastic for one day. Here's 　____5____　： First，don't buy anything made of plastic. It is clear that items like water bottles and many kids' toys are made of plastic.　____6____　，there are some other items that may contain (含有) hidden plastic. Second，just say 　____7____　 to single­use plastics like straws (吸管)，cups and bags.Many people love to drink from a straw or use plastic bags to carry things，but they are really an environmental disaster. Third，bring your own utensils (器具) if you're 　____8____　 to eat outside. This one can be hard to remember. Just put a pair of chopsticks in your bag before you leave home. Fourth，take a water bottle with you. You know you're going to need some water to get you 　____9____　 your day. So take a bottle with you. That will help you 　____10____　 plastic bottles. 1．A.put　　　　　 B．take C．throw D．get 2．A.natural B．difficult C．necessary D．comfortable 3．A.organized B．celebrated C．supported D．provided 4．A.decision B．difference C．conclusion D．conversation 5．A.when B．where C．why D．how 6．A.Instead B．Moreover C．However D．Otherwise 7．A.no B．yes C．hello D．sorry 8．A.expecting B．trying C．waiting D．planning 9．A.for B．through C．against D．with 10．A.recycle B．reuse C．avoid D．pick [语篇解读]　本文介绍了塑料的重要性以及塑料制品使用的现状，建议我们采取行动减少塑料的使用。 1．C　[考查动词。put意为“放”；take意为“拿”；throw意为“扔”；get意为“得到”。根据上半句“Americans buy 50 million plastic water bottles every year”可知，应该是我们每年扔掉的塑料制品足以绕地球四周。故选C。] 2．B　[考查形容词。natural意为“自然的”；difficult意为“困难的”；necessary意为“必要的”；comfortable意为“舒服的”。根据常识，应该是“但目前生活中没有塑料还很难”。故选B。] 3．A　[考查动词。organize意为“组织”；celebrate意为“庆祝”；support意为“支持”；provide意为“提供”。根据后面a Plastic­Free Day可知，应该是Broadreach组织了一个无塑料日。故选A。] 4．B　[考查名词。decision意为“决定”；difference意为“不同”；conclusion意为“结论”；conversation意为“对话”。根据上句Broadreach组织了一个无塑料日，这里应该是这是一个机会，通过叫你在没有塑料的情况下生活一天而产生影响。故选B。] 5．D　[考查疑问词。when意为“何时”；where意为“哪儿”；why意为“为什么”；how意为“怎样”。根据上文“这是一个机会，通过叫你在没有塑料的情况下生活一天而产生影响”及下文的介绍，可知应该是要怎么做。故选D。] 6．C　[考查副词。instead意为“代替”；moreover意为“此外”；however意为“然而”；otherwise意为“否则，不然”。根据“很明显像水瓶和许多儿童玩具这样的物品是由塑料制成的”，以及后面“有一些别的东西可能含有隐藏的塑料”，可知应该是表转折关系，故选C。] 7．A　[考查感叹词。no意为“不”；yes意为“是”；hello意为“你好”；sorry意为“对不起”。根据下文“Many people love to drink from a straw or use plastic bags to carry things，but they are really an environmental disaster.”可知应该是对塑料说不。故选A。] 8．D　[考查动词。expect意为“期待”；try意为“尝试”；wait意为“等”；plan意为“计划”。根据后面to eat outside，可知，如果你计划在外面吃就带上你自己的餐具。故选D。] 9．B　[考查介词。for意为“为”；through意为“穿过”；against意为“反对”；with意为“和”。根据下文的your day可知，你需要一些水使你度过你的一天，get through意为“度过”。故选B。] 10．C　[考查动词。recycle意为“回收”；reuse意为“再利用”；avoid意为“避免”；pick意为“捡”。根据“所以带上一个瓶子”，可推出用动词avoid，意为“避免”。故选C。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Section 2　Reading & Writing UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 课前 新知预览 01 课堂 要点精析 02 课后 素养提升 03 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 课前 新知预览 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 课堂 要点精析 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语基础模拟（GJ3） UNIT 7 Natural Disasters Ⅰ.单词预习 1．　blow　 v．(风)刮，吹 2．　loose　 adj.松动的 3．　soil　 n．土地，土壤 4．　urban　 adj.城市的 5．　promote　 v．促进，提升→　promotion　 n．提拔，晋升 6．　volcano　 n．火山 7．　sandstorm　 n．沙尘暴 8．　discussion　 n．讨论→　discuss　 v．讨论，辩论 9．　tie　 v．捆，系 10．　vehicle　 n．交通工具，车辆 11．　global　 adj.全球的 12．　sustainable　 adj.持续性的 13．　realize　 v．认识到→　realization　 n．认识，领悟 14．　definitely　 adv.确定地 Ⅱ.短语预习 1．　tie...to...　　把……系到……上 2．　cut down　 削减；砍倒 3．　pay attention to　 注意；重视 4．　lead to 　 导致；通向 5．　come from　 来自；出生于 6．　too...to...　 太……而不能 7．　as well as　 也；和……一样； 不但……而且 8．　be responsible for　 对……负责；是……的原因 9．　due to　 由于；应归于 10．　try to do sth.　 尽力做某事 11．　be sure to do sth 　 务必做某事 Ⅲ.根据课文判断正(T)误(F)。 1．It is known that sandstorms are caused by strong winds blowing over loose soil and sand. ( T ) 2．Half a century ago, sandstorms happened every ten years.( F ) 3．Some people have paid enough attention to smog.( F ) 4．Many of the natural disasters are due to the environmental damages caused by human activities. ( T ) 5．Now humans haven't realized the importance of protecting environment. ( F ) 6．People are advised to use electric cars and public transportation.( T ) 7．If we make some changes the number of disasters is sure to reduce.( T ) Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Natural Disasters and Human Activities There are more and more 1.　discussions　 (discuss) on natural disasters in recent year. It is 2.　known　 (know) that sandstorms are caused by strong winds 3.　blowing　 (blow) over loose soil or sand. Fifty years ago,4.　sandstorms　(sandstorm) happened less frequently than now. Experts think that it is human activities 5.　that　 lead to this disaster, such as urban 6.　development　 (develop) and cutting more trees. But some people do not pay enough attention 7.　to　 smog, they don't know it is partly caused by the gases from heavy industry and vehicles. It is lucky that humans have realized the 8.　importance　 (important) of sustainable development as well as the environmental 9.　protection　 (protect), and things are getting better. We 10.　are promoting　(promote) the use of green energy, planting more trees and trying to stop global warming. It is certain that we are sure to prevent all the disasters. 1．discussion n．讨论；论述，辩论 　There are more and more discussions on natural disasters in recent years.(教材P121) 近年来，关于自然灾害的讨论越来越多。 under discussion正在讨论中 have/hold a discussion with sb. about sth.与某人讨论某事 discuss v．讨论，辩论 discuss sth. with sb.与某人讨论某事 Many other proposals are under discussion behind closed doors. 许多其他提议也在秘密讨论中。 It's necessary for us to have a thorough discussion with our parents about the meaning of education. 我们有必要与父母深入的讨论教育的意义。 I'll discuss the problem with you whenever you are free. 无论你什么时间有空，我就同你讨论这个问题。 We had a discussion about our future. 我们就未来进行了讨论。 ●[即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Many questions are 　under　 discussion. ②Can I have a discussion 　with　 you about the matter. ③I want to 　discuss the problem with you　. 我想和你讨论一下这个问题。 2．pay attention to 注意 　Some people do not pay enough attention to smog, and they don't know it is partly caused by the gases from heavy industry and vehicles. (教材P121) 一些人对雾霾不够重视，他们不知道它部分是由重工业和汽车排放的气体造成的。 to为介词的动词短语： pay attention to　注意 look forward to 盼望，期待 get down to 着手处理 contribute...to 捐献…… lead to 导致；通向 We must pay enough attention to the housing condition of the teachers. 我们必须对教师们的住房有足够的重视。 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我希望很快能够见到你。 Stop talking, and get down to doing your homework. 别讲话了，开始认真做作业。 The student volunteers contributed their own time to helping exchanged students. 学生志愿者贡献自己的时间来帮助交换生。 The man got used to living in the countryside. 那个男人已习惯于住在农村。 ●[即学活用]　单句语法填空/单项选择 ①We always pay attention to 　improving　 (improve) our living quality. ②His actions could lead to him 　losing　 (lose) his job. ③I think we should get down to 　______________　our classroom at once. A．clean　　　　　 B．cleaning C．cleaned D．cleans 答案：B 3．harmful adj.有害的，造成伤害的 　These harmful gases also lead to acid rain, though a very small part of acid rain comes from volcanoes or wildfires.(教材P121) 这些有害气体也会导致酸雨，尽管有一小部分酸雨来自火山或野火。 be harmful to对……有害 harm n．伤害，损害 do harm to sb.＝do sb. harm损害；对……有害 Loud noise is harmful to the inner ear. 噪音对内耳有害。 Overwork will do harm to your health. 过度劳累会损害你的健康。 Too much exercise will do you harm. 运动过度可能对你有害。 He would never harm anyone. 他永远不会伤害任何人。 ●[即学活用]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It means smoking is 　harmful　 (harm) to our health. ②Some computer games 　do harm to/are harmful to　 children. 一些电脑游戏对孩子们有害。 ③Too much exposure to the sun 　is harmful to/does harm to　 your skin. 过多地在阳光下暴露对皮肤是有害的。 4．advise v．通知，告知；劝告，建议 　People are advised to use electric cars and public transportation.(教材P121) 建议人们使用电动汽车和公共交通工具。 advise doing sth.建议做某事 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事 advise that sb. (should) do sth.建议某人做某事 advice n．建议 a piece of advice一条建议 I would strongly advise against going out on your own. 我要极力奉劝你别单独外出。 How many times have I advised you to give up smoking? 我已经劝过你多少次让你戒烟了？ The doctor advised that he (should) change the heavy shoes for light ones. 医生建议他把重的鞋换成轻的鞋。 It is strongly advised that you (should) take out insurance. 奉劝你务必办理保险。 ●[即学活用]　单句语法填空/单项选择 ①They advised 　putting　 (put) off the meeting till next week. ②The minister advised him 　to leave　 (leave) as soon as possible. ③Jo was advised 　________　 to control herself. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learned 答案：B ④The teacher advised 　________　 a different approach. A．take B．took C．taking D．to take 答案：C Today we are growing too fast to remember the importance of sustainable development for both nature and human world.(教材P121) 今天，我们发展得太快，以至于忘记了可持续发展对自然和人类世界的重要性。 　[句式分析] 句中．..too fast to remember the importance 为too...to结构。 (1)too...to...句式的结构形式为“too＋形容词或副词＋to＋动词原形”，通常翻译成“太……而不能……”。 (2)根据语境的需要，不定式前可以带有一个由介词for引出的逻辑主语。如果句子主语与其后不定式有动宾关系，其后作为及物动词的不定式不再带宾语。但此时的不定式习惯上也不用被动语态(即用主动式表示被动意义)。 (3)在以下几种情况，too...to...结构可以表示肯定意义，而不是否定意义： ①当不定式前或者副词too前有否定词时； ②当副词too后面修饰的形容词是glad，ready，pleased等表示“积极”意义的词汇时。 Now I'm too busy to discuss it with you. 我现在太忙，没时间和你讨论。 The box is too heavy for me to carry. 这箱子太重了，我搬不动。 This problem is too difficult to solve. 这个问题太难，无法解决。 He is too smart not to jump at the chance. 他这人很精明，不会错过这个机会。 But I am not too busy to eat and drink. 可是我还没忙到顾不上吃喝的程度。 Everyone here is too ready to help others. 这里人们都很乐意帮助他人。 ●[即学活用]　单项选择/完成句子 ①The firm is 　_____________　small to compete against large companies. A．so B．too C．very D．quite 答案：B ②He is 　too young to know right from wrong　. 他太小，还分不清是非。 ③The road was 　too narrow for cars to pass　. 路很窄，汽车过不去。 $$ 对应学生课时P76 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．　Loose　 (宽松的) clothing gives you greater freedom of movement. 2．The body was hidden beneath a thin layer of 　soil　 (土壤)． 3．He spoke angrily about the condition of the 　urban　 (城市的) poor. 4．The meeting discussed how to 　promote　 (推广) this latest product. 5．An active 　volcano　 (火山) may erupt at anytime. 6．She didn't participate in the 　discussion　 (讨论)． 7．　Global　 (全球的) warming is a real problem. 8．I 　realize　 (认识到) I ought to have told you about it. Ⅱ.短语填空 cut down，lead to，come from，be responsible for，due to，pay attention to，too...to，try to do 1．Now I 　try_to_do　 the same job in Cuba. 2．He 　cut_down　 on coffee and cigarettes，and ate a balanced diet. 3．The laws have 　led_to　 a reduction in fuel consumption in the US. 4．Nearly half the students 　come_from　 overseas. 5．Mike 　is_responsible_for　 designing the entire project. 6．She was 　too　 tired 　to　 take a shower. 7．How to 　pay_attention_to　 mental health? 8．Many accidents were 　due_to　 pilot misjudgement. Ⅲ.单项选择 1．Smoking is responsible 　________　 about 90% of deaths from lung cancer. A．to　 B．for　 C．on　 D．with 2．His work is to 　________　 trees for the factory. A．cut off　　　　 B．cut out C．cut in D．cut down 3．Don't tie your horse 　________　 the young tree. A．for　 B．on　 C．to　 D．at 4．We had a discussion 　________　 them 　________　 the differences between Britain and the US. A．with；with B．about；about C．about；with D．with；about 5．Smoking is not only harmful 　________　 smokers themselves，but also threatens other people's health. A．for　 B．to　 C．on　 D．with 6．He as well as his parents 　________　 me very well. A．treat B．treating C．treats D．to treat 7．He was advised 　________　 his alcohol consumption. A．to reduce B．reduce C．reducing D．reduces 8．It's uncertain 　________　 the exhibition will be held in Shanghai. A．if　 B．that　 C．whether　 D．how 答案：1－5　BDCDB　6－8　CAC Ⅳ.阅读理解 Natural (自然的) disasters affect thousands of people around the world each year.But different parts of the world experience different types of disasters. Some places have typhoons while others have tornadoes. You should know what disasters can affect your home and family. Every emergency (紧急情况) is different. But these three things can help you prepare yourself and keep your family safe. Do Some Research Learn about the disasters that can happen in your area. How could those disasters affect your home，phones，power and water? Make a Plan In a disaster，you can't always travel. Sometimes phones stop working，too. Decide where family members should meet if they can't get home safely. Make a list of important phone numbers and addresses for everyone to keep in their bags or wallets. Prepare for the emergency. What will you take if you need to leave home quickly? Clothes，water and food are important. But so are important papers such as ID cards and bank information. If someone in your family needs medicine，you should take that，too. Keep these things together in one place. That way you can get them quickly if you need them. 1．To keep your family safe in disasters，you should 　________　 first of all. A．do some research B．make a plan C．prepare for the emergency D．own a strong house 2．It's better for family members to keep important phone numbers 　________　. A．in their bedroom B．in their wallets C．on the desk D．in their mind 3．Which of the following is NOT true? A．Natural disasters happen every year. B．Phones may stop working in a disaster. C．Typhoon happens in every part of the world. D．You should choose a place for your family members to meet. 4．How many kinds of things should we keep together in one place according to the last paragraph? A．Two.　 B．Three.　 C．Four.　 D．Five. 5．What's the best title for the passage? A．Natural Disasters B．The Effect of Disasters C．Preparation for Disasters D．Fight against Disasters [语篇解读]　本文讲述了自然灾害每年影响着全世界数千人，详细介绍了在不同的灾害面前，我们需要做的一些准备，来保护家人的安全。 1．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段和“Do some research.”可知，为了让你的家人在灾难中安全，你首先应该做一些调查。故选A。] 2．B　[细节理解题。根据“Make a list of important phone numbers and addresses for everyone to keep in their bags or wallets.”可知，家人最好把重要的电话号码放在钱包里。故选B。] 3．C　[推理判断题。根据“Some places have typhoons while others have tornadoes.”可知，台风在世界各地都有发生是错误的。故选C。] 4．D　[细节理解题。根据“Clothes，water and food are important. But so are important papers such as ID cards and bank information. If someone in your family needs medicine，you should take that，too.”可知，根据最后一段，我们应该把衣服、水、食物、重要证件和药放在一起。故选D。] 5．C　[标题归纳题。根据整篇文章，尤其是第二段内容，可知文章说的是为灾难做准备。故选C。] Ⅴ.完形填空 Like it or not，plastic is everywhere. We sit on it，store our food in it，drink from it，text with it，type with it，and wear it. Americans buy 50 million plastic water bottles every year，and we 　____1____　 away enough plastic items each year to go around the Earth four times. But still it is 　____2____　 to live without it at present. What can you do about it? Broadreach has 　____3____　 a Plastic­Free Day. This is your chance to make a 　____4____　 by living without plastic for one day. Here's 　____5____　： First，don't buy anything made of plastic. It is clear that items like water bottles and many kids' toys are made of plastic.　____6____　，there are some other items that may contain (含有) hidden plastic. Second，just say 　____7____　 to single­use plastics like straws (吸管)，cups and bags.Many people love to drink from a straw or use plastic bags to carry things，but they are really an environmental disaster. Third，bring your own utensils (器具) if you're 　____8____　 to eat outside. This one can be hard to remember. Just put a pair of chopsticks in your bag before you leave home. Fourth，take a water bottle with you. You know you're going to need some water to get you 　____9____　 your day. So take a bottle with you. That will help you 　____10____　 plastic bottles. 1．A.put　　　　　 B．take C．throw D．get 2．A.natural B．difficult C．necessary D．comfortable 3．A.organized B．celebrated C．supported D．provided 4．A.decision B．difference C．conclusion D．conversation 5．A.when B．where C．why D．how 6．A.Instead B．Moreover C．However D．Otherwise 7．A.no B．yes C．hello D．sorry 8．A.expecting B．trying C．waiting D．planning 9．A.for B．through C．against D．with 10．A.recycle B．reuse C．avoid D．pick [语篇解读]　本文介绍了塑料的重要性以及塑料制品使用的现状，建议我们采取行动减少塑料的使用。 1．C　[考查动词。put意为“放”；take意为“拿”；throw意为“扔”；get意为“得到”。根据上半句“Americans buy 50 million plastic water bottles every year”可知，应该是我们每年扔掉的塑料制品足以绕地球四周。故选C。] 2．B　[考查形容词。natural意为“自然的”；difficult意为“困难的”；necessary意为“必要的”；comfortable意为“舒服的”。根据常识，应该是“但目前生活中没有塑料还很难”。故选B。] 3．A　[考查动词。organize意为“组织”；celebrate意为“庆祝”；support意为“支持”；provide意为“提供”。根据后面a Plastic­Free Day可知，应该是Broadreach组织了一个无塑料日。故选A。] 4．B　[考查名词。decision意为“决定”；difference意为“不同”；conclusion意为“结论”；conversation意为“对话”。根据上句Broadreach组织了一个无塑料日，这里应该是这是一个机会，通过叫你在没有塑料的情况下生活一天而产生影响。故选B。] 5．D　[考查疑问词。when意为“何时”；where意为“哪儿”；why意为“为什么”；how意为“怎样”。根据上文“这是一个机会，通过叫你在没有塑料的情况下生活一天而产生影响”及下文的介绍，可知应该是要怎么做。故选D。] 6．C　[考查副词。instead意为“代替”；moreover意为“此外”；however意为“然而”；otherwise意为“否则，不然”。根据“很明显像水瓶和许多儿童玩具这样的物品是由塑料制成的”，以及后面“有一些别的东西可能含有隐藏的塑料”，可知应该是表转折关系，故选C。] 7．A　[考查感叹词。no意为“不”；yes意为“是”；hello意为“你好”；sorry意为“对不起”。根据下文“Many people love to drink from a straw or use plastic bags to carry things，but they are really an environmental disaster.”可知应该是对塑料说不。故选A。] 8．D　[考查动词。expect意为“期待”；try意为“尝试”；wait意为“等”；plan意为“计划”。根据后面to eat outside，可知，如果你计划在外面吃就带上你自己的餐具。故选D。] 9．B　[考查介词。for意为“为”；through意为“穿过”；against意为“反对”；with意为“和”。根据下文的your day可知，你需要一些水使你度过你的一天，get through意为“度过”。故选B。] 10．C　[考查动词。recycle意为“回收”；reuse意为“再利用”；avoid意为“避免”；pick意为“捡”。根据“所以带上一个瓶子”，可推出用动词avoid，意为“避免”。故选C。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$