Unit 6 Section 4 Language Practice-Grammar（PPT课件+Word版）-【创新教程】2025-2026学年中职英语拓展模块同步教案（高教版2023）

Section 4　Language Practice—Grammar 定 语 从 句 一、定语从句概述 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。其中被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，as以及关系副词where，when和why。 关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中可作地点、时间、原因状语。 二、引导定语从句的关系代词 1.that的用法 由关系代词that引导的定语从句的先行词是人或物。that在其后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语。 The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。 主要特点： ① that在定语从句中作主语时不可以省略，作宾语时可以省略。 ②不引导非限制性定语从句。 ③that前不加介词。 2.which的用法 由关系代词which引导的定语从句的先行词是物。which在其后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语。 The book which is on the table is mine. 在桌子上的那本书是我的。 主要特点： ① which在定语从句中作主语时不可以省略，作宾语时可以省略；引导非限制性定语从句时不能省略。 ②which既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。 ③which的前面可以有介词。 ④which有时可以指代前面句子的全部或部分意思，意为“这一点……”，此时，which引导的定语从句通常位于主句的后面。 3.who的用法 由关系代词who引导的定语从句的先行词是人。who在其后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语。The man who is talking to her is my brother. 正在和她说话的那个人是我的兄弟。 4.whom的用法 由关系代词whom引导的定语从句的先行词是人。whom在其后面的定语从句中作宾语。 The woman whom he loves is a famous singer. 他所爱的那个女人是一位著名的歌手。 主要特点： ①whom前可以有介词。 ②whom在定语从句中可以省略，但其前若有介词时，则不能省略。 5.whose的用法 关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，whose引导的定语从句既可为限制性的，也可为非限制性的。先行词既可为人，也可为物。whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。 主要特点： ①whose后必须接名词，相当于“the＋名词＋of which/whom”。 ②whose前可以有介词。 6.as的用法 as也可以用作关系代词，引导定语从句。 主要特点： ①主要与such和the same连用。 We have such books as you never read. 我们有你从未读过的书。 This is the same cellphone as I bought yesterday. 这手机和我昨天买的一样。 ②as还可以单独引导定语从句，意为“正如……，正像……”，先行词是主句的整个句子，as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中或句末。 三、引导定语从句的关系副词 1.where的用法 由关系副词where引导的定语从句的先行词一般是表示地点的名词或普通名词。where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词＋which”。 The city where he lives is very beautiful. 他居住的城市非常美丽。 注意：①若表示地点的名词在后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语，用that/which引导定语从句，而不用where。 ②普通名词，如：position，stage，situation，case，activity等在后面的定语从句中作地点状语时，用where引导定语从句。 2.when的用法 由关系副词when引导的定语从句的先行词一般是表示时间的名词。when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词＋which”。 July 4th is the day when Americans celebrate their independence. 7月4日是美国人庆祝独立的日子。 注意：若表示时间的名词在后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语，用that/which引导定语从句，而不用when。 3.why的用法 由关系副词why引导的定语从句的先行词是表示原因的名词reason。why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于for which。 That is the reason why I didn't go to the party. 那就是我没有去参加派对的原因。 注意：若先行词reason在后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语，用that/which引导定语从句，而不用why。 四、介词＋关系词的用法 1.关系代词中whom和which的前面可以有介词，构成“介词＋whom/which”。 2.关系代词whose前也可以有介词，构成“介词＋whose＋名词”。 3.关系副词where/when前也可以有介词，构成from where或since when。 4.“数词/代词＋of which/whom”常用于非限制性定语从句中。 五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1.限制性定语从句与主句不用逗号分开；非限制性定语从句与主句用逗号分开。 2.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如删去，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充说明的作用，如删去，主句的意思仍然清楚。 六、有关定语从句的注意事项 1.先行词way后面的定语从句用that/in which引导或省略关系词。 2.定语从句中的主谓一致 ①定语从句中的谓语动词由先行词决定。 I，who am your good friend，will try my best to help you. 作为你的好朋友，我将尽力帮助你。 ②当“one of ＋复数名词”后接定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词和复数名词一致，用复数；而“the only one of ＋复数名词”后接定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词和the only one一致，用单数。 Susan is one of the students who have won the prize three times. 苏珊是三次获奖的学生之一。 Susan is the only one of the students who has won the prize three times. 苏珊是学生中唯一得过三次奖的人。 3.通常只用that，不用which，who或whom的情况： ①当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，little，few，much，none等不定代词时。 ②当先行词被any，few，little，some，no，all，every等词修饰时。 ③当先行词被the only，the very修饰时。 ④当先行词本身是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 ⑤当先行词本身是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 ⑥当先行词既有人又有物时。 ⑦当主句的主语是who或which时。 Ⅰ.用适当的引导词填空 1.A football fan is a person 　who/that　 has a strong interest in football. 2.The house，the roof of 　which　 was destroyed in the terrible fire，has been repaired. 3.The matter 　that/which　 you were arguing about last night has been settled. 4.They talked for about an hour of things and persons　 that　 they remembered in the school. 5.Who　 that　 has common sense will do such a thing? 6.They asked him to tell them everything 　that　 he saw at the front. 7.A child 　whose　 parents are dead is called an orphan. 8.He has lost the key to the drawer 　where　 the papers are kept. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.All the apples 　________　 fell down were eaten by the pigs. A.that 　　B.those C.which　 D.what 2.I'll tell you 　________　 he told me last night. A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all 3.Is this the museum 　________　 you visited the other day? A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 4.—How do you like the book? —It's quite different from 　________　 I read last month. A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what 5.The train 　________　 she was traveling was late. A.which B.where C.on which D.in that 6.Antarctic 　________　 we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A.which B.where C.that D.about which 7.It's the third time 　________　 late this month. A.that you arrived B.when you arrived C.that you've arrived D.when you've arrived 8.He often helps the students 　________　 he thinks are not quick at their studies. A.whom B.who C.when D.because 9.The Second World War 　________　 millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A.when B.during that C.in which D.which 10.He was born in the year 　________　 the Anti­Japanese War broke out. A.which B.when C.on which D.during which 答案：1－5　ADACC 　6－10　DCBCB Ⅰ.用适当的引导词填空 1.Mr.Crossett will never forget the day 　which/that　 he spent with his various students. 2.This is just the place 　that 　I am longing to visit these years. 3.I have bought the same dress 　as 　she is wearing. 4.Is that the reason 　why　 you are in favor of the proposal? 5.Some of the roads were flooded，　which　 made our journey more difficult. 6.He must be from Africa，　as　 can be seen from his skin. 7.He has two sons，both of 　whom　 work as chemists. 8.I will hire the man 　who　 they say is a good English speaker. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.The hotel 　________　 during our holidays stands by the seaside. A.we stayed at　 　　 　B.where we stayed at C.we stayed D.in that we stayed 2.He is not 　________　 a fool 　________　. A.such；as he is looked B.such；as he looks C.as；as he is looked D.so；as he looks 3.The buses，　________　 were already full，were surrounded by an angry crowd. A.most of that B.which most C.most of which D.that most 4.My glasses，　________　 I was like a blind man，fell to the ground and broke. A.which B.with which C.without which D.that 5.Mr.Wu，　________　 everybody likes，is going to give us a talk on chemistry. A.whom　　 B.that C.which　 D./ 6.This is Mr.Smith，　________　 I think has something interesting to tell us. A.who B.whom C.that D./ 7.　________　，the compass was first made in China. A.It is know to all B.It is known that C.We all know D.As is known to all 8.I，　________　 your good friend，will try my best to help you out. A.who is B.who am C.that is D.what is 9.He is a man of great experience，　________　 much can be learned. A.who B.that C.from which D.from whom 10.It was such a serious mistake，　________　 caused by carelessness. A.which I think was B.which I think it was C.I think which was D.I think which it was 答案：1－5　ABCCA　6－10　ADBDA Ⅲ.阅读理解 A Have you ever seen instruments (乐器) made of vegetables? Who says you can't play with your food？Or，play your food？For the Vegetable Orchestra(管弦乐队)，vegetables are the start of a whole new kind of music. The Vegetable Orchestra was started in Vienna，Austria，in 1998 and organizes concerts around the world.Its members play carrots，bell peppers，tomatoes，sweet potatoes，and pumpkins—all fresh from local farmers' markets. The day before a concert，the members will spend the whole day preparing.First，they carefully pick vegetables for their texture (质地)，size and shape.All of these influence (影响) the sound.Next，they get to work with knives and other tools to cut，carve (刻)，and make holes in new instruments from a lot of mixed vegetables—almost 45 kg of them.The end result？The perfect instruments that can play some really fresh sounds.Once the instruments are ready，they are covered with 　damp　 cloths to keep them from drying out. And then it's time to play！The orchestra plays their own kind of jazz music.Some of the orchestra's pieces are old，while others are improvised (即兴创作的)，making each concert completely new.What happens to all these vegetable instruments after each concert? They are cut into pieces and cooked into soups for all to enjoy.So a cook and band member is quite needed. Besides the cook，other members also come from different backgrounds，including musicians，artists，engineers，writers and doctors.They often give classes to teach children and adults how to make their own instruments from vegetables.Do you want to give it a try? How many different sounds can you make in your kitchen? 1.What is special about the orchestra? A.Its music pieces are about food. B.Its instruments are made of vegetables. C.It calls on people not to waste food. D.It tries to help people play with food. 2.How is the orchestra's life the day before a concert? A.Busy. B.Easy. C.Hard. D.Relaxing. 3.The underlined word“damp”in Paragraph 3 probably means “　________　”. A.warm B.cool C.clean D.wet 4.A cook is needed in the orchestra because 　________　. A.he can cut the vegetables well B.he is good at picking vegetables C.he can cook with the vegetables after concerts D.he can look after other members of the orchestra 5.The passage is mainly about 　________　. A.a special orchestra B.the way of dealing with vegetables C.a new kind of music D.the instruments made of vegetables [语篇解读]　除了可以吃之外，你还能想到蔬菜的其他用途吗？奥地利有一支特别的乐团，他们的演出乐器都是用蔬菜制作的。本文主要介绍了该蔬菜乐团演出前的准备工作、演出的音乐曲目以及演出结束后如何处理这些蔬菜乐器等内容。 1.B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中乐团的名字Vegetable Orchestra，第二段中的“Its members play carrots，bell peppers，tomatoes，sweet potatoes，and pumpkins”以及第三段中有关制作蔬菜乐器的内容可知，这支乐团的特别之处就是其乐器都是用蔬菜制作的。] 2.A　[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The day before a concert，the members will spend the whole day preparing.”可知，音乐会的前一天，这支乐团将花一整天的时间作准备，再结合该段中有关他们挑选蔬菜、制作乐器的介绍可推知，他们这一天会很忙。] 3.D　[词义猜测题。结合画线词后的“to keep them from drying out”可知，盖这种布的目的是防止蔬菜乐器变干，结合生活常识可推知，此处应该是用湿布盖着这些乐器。damp意为“潮湿的”。] 4.C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后三句可知，因为每次音乐会结束后，这些蔬菜乐器会被切成碎块，煮成汤供大家享用，因此这个乐团需要一位厨师。] 5.A　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了奥地利的蔬菜乐团，包括他们音乐会前的准备工作、音乐会上演奏的曲目以及音乐会后如何处理蔬菜乐器等内容，故文章主要介绍了一支特殊的乐团。] B Join UNICEF and NYT Kids China's Pen Pal Initiative (计划) Have you been through a hard time? On the other side of the world，teenagers like you might be experiencing something similar.The Pen Pal Initiative offers a great chance for teenagers to communicate with each other.The program will start in July and last for 60 days. ★Why start the Pen Pal Initiative? A new study says that one in every seven teenagers in the world may have mental (精神的) health problems.That is to say，about 175 million boys and girls around the world may face this problem.It is 4 million more than in 2000.So we should do something for them. ★What you can do •Have meetings on the Internet with a group of friends from all over the world. •Exchange (交换) e­mails with your pen friends to share your experience，feelings and ideas. •Help people pay more attention to teenagers' mental health. ★How to sign up? If you are interested in this program and meet the following conditions： •Be 13­18 years old； •Have good English spoken and writing skills； •Be willing (愿意的) to show yourself in front of the screen.The video meeting will be recorded，so your parents should agree first； •Have a strong interest in teenagers' mental health； •Be willing to share and take part in the discussion； •Have good communication skills and respect (尊敬) other cultures. Please send us an e­mail in English before July 12 to beijing @ unicef.org. 6.From the first paragraph we can know the program 　________　. A.is about 2 months long B.is held every year C.is only for students D.is going to end in July 7.What is the purpose of holding the program? A.To make a study on mental health problems. B.To teach teenagers to make pen pals. C.To help teenagers with mental health problems. D.To show the importance of living a happy life. 8.What can teenagers do in the program? A.Exchange gifts with their pen pals. B.Learn how to communicate with others. C.Taste delicious food from all over the world. D.Meet kids from other places online. 9.If you want to sign up，you should 　________　. A.be at least ten years old B.speak and write English well C.join with your parents D.record videos of yourself 10.The passage is mainly written to 　________　. A.talk about the problems faced by teenagers B.tell people how to go through a hard time C.ask more teenagers to join the Pen Pal Initiative D.draw people's attention to teenagers' mental health problems [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了联合国儿童基金会和NYT Kids China一起在中国组织的笔友计划，号召青少年们积极参与到这个活动中。 6.A　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The program will...last for 60 days.”可知，这项活动将持续六十天，即大约两个月。] 7.C　[推理判断题。根据“Why start the Pen Pal Initiative？”部分中的“A new study says that one in every seven teenagers in the world may have mental health problems.”和“So we should do something for them.”可知，一项新的研究表明，世界上每七个青少年中就有一个会有心理健康问题，因此我们应该为他们做一些事情。所以，举办该活动是为了帮助那些被心理健康问题困扰的青少年。] 8.D　[细节理解题。根据What you can do部分中的“Have meetings on the Internet with a group of friends from all over the world.”可知，参加该活动的青少年可以与来自世界各地的朋友在网上开会，即进行视频会面。] 9.B　[细节理解题。根据“How to sign up？”部分中的“Have good English spoken and writing skills”可知，如果你想要报名参加该活动的话，应该具备良好的英语口语和书面表达能力。] 10.C　[主旨大意题。根据文章的标题和文章最后的“Please send us an e­mail in English before July 12 to beijing @ unicef.org.”可知，作者介绍笔友计划是为了让更多的青少年参与到这个活动中。] Ⅳ.书面表达 众所周知爱迪生是美国的发明大王，一生共创造了1 000多种发明，为社会进步和人类发展做出了卓越贡献。请就此写一篇短文介绍一下爱迪生的事迹。 要求：1.词数80～120之间； 2.注意连词的使用和前后文逻辑。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Born in America，Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.He was once thought to be a boy who was not worth teaching.In fact，he was a man full of imagination. I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution to the world.He had more than 1,000 inventions.In his lifetime，he was always eager to know how things worked，which helped him make great contributions to society.He was also so diligent that he worked day and night.And this explained why he had so many great inventions. What impresses me most is his famous saying：Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety­nine percent perspiration.From him，I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born，but what you are doing and how you do it in your life. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Ⅰ.用适当的引导词填空 1.Mr.Crossett will never forget the day 　which/that　 he spent with his various students. 2.This is just the place 　that 　I am longing to visit these years. 3.I have bought the same dress 　as 　she is wearing. 4.Is that the reason 　why　 you are in favor of the proposal? 5.Some of the roads were flooded，　which　 made our journey more difficult. 6.He must be from Africa，　as　 can be seen from his skin. 7.He has two sons，both of 　whom　 work as chemists. 8.I will hire the man 　who　 they say is a good English speaker. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.The hotel 　________　 during our holidays stands by the seaside. A.we stayed at　 　　 　B.where we stayed at C.we stayed D.in that we stayed 2.He is not 　________　 a fool 　________　. A.such；as he is looked B.such；as he looks C.as；as he is looked D.so；as he looks 3.The buses，　________　 were already full，were surrounded by an angry crowd. A.most of that B.which most C.most of which D.that most 4.My glasses，　________　 I was like a blind man，fell to the ground and broke. A.which B.with which C.without which D.that 5.Mr.Wu，　________　 everybody likes，is going to give us a talk on chemistry. A.whom　　 B.that C.which　 D./ 6.This is Mr.Smith，　________　 I think has something interesting to tell us. A.who B.whom C.that D./ 7.　________　，the compass was first made in China. A.It is know to all B.It is known that C.We all know D.As is known to all 8.I，　________　 your good friend，will try my best to help you out. A.who is B.who am C.that is D.what is 9.He is a man of great experience，　________　 much can be learned. A.who B.that C.from which D.from whom 10.It was such a serious mistake，　________　 caused by carelessness. A.which I think was B.which I think it was C.I think which was D.I think which it was 答案：1－5　ABCCA　6－10　ADBDA Ⅲ.阅读理解 A Have you ever seen instruments (乐器) made of vegetables? Who says you can't play with your food？Or，play your food？For the Vegetable Orchestra(管弦乐队)，vegetables are the start of a whole new kind of music. The Vegetable Orchestra was started in Vienna，Austria，in 1998 and organizes concerts around the world.Its members play carrots，bell peppers，tomatoes，sweet potatoes，and pumpkins—all fresh from local farmers' markets. The day before a concert，the members will spend the whole day preparing.First，they carefully pick vegetables for their texture (质地)，size and shape.All of these influence (影响) the sound.Next，they get to work with knives and other tools to cut，carve (刻)，and make holes in new instruments from a lot of mixed vegetables—almost 45 kg of them.The end result？The perfect instruments that can play some really fresh sounds.Once the instruments are ready，they are covered with 　damp　 cloths to keep them from drying out. And then it's time to play！The orchestra plays their own kind of jazz music.Some of the orchestra's pieces are old，while others are improvised (即兴创作的)，making each concert completely new.What happens to all these vegetable instruments after each concert? They are cut into pieces and cooked into soups for all to enjoy.So a cook and band member is quite needed. Besides the cook，other members also come from different backgrounds，including musicians，artists，engineers，writers and doctors.They often give classes to teach children and adults how to make their own instruments from vegetables.Do you want to give it a try? How many different sounds can you make in your kitchen? 1.What is special about the orchestra? A.Its music pieces are about food. B.Its instruments are made of vegetables. C.It calls on people not to waste food. D.It tries to help people play with food. 2.How is the orchestra's life the day before a concert? A.Busy. B.Easy. C.Hard. D.Relaxing. 3.The underlined word“damp”in Paragraph 3 probably means “　________　”. A.warm B.cool C.clean D.wet 4.A cook is needed in the orchestra because 　________　. A.he can cut the vegetables well B.he is good at picking vegetables C.he can cook with the vegetables after concerts D.he can look after other members of the orchestra 5.The passage is mainly about 　________　. A.a special orchestra B.the way of dealing with vegetables C.a new kind of music D.the instruments made of vegetables [语篇解读]　除了可以吃之外，你还能想到蔬菜的其他用途吗？奥地利有一支特别的乐团，他们的演出乐器都是用蔬菜制作的。本文主要介绍了该蔬菜乐团演出前的准备工作、演出的音乐曲目以及演出结束后如何处理这些蔬菜乐器等内容。 1.B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中乐团的名字Vegetable Orchestra，第二段中的“Its members play carrots，bell peppers，tomatoes，sweet potatoes，and pumpkins”以及第三段中有关制作蔬菜乐器的内容可知，这支乐团的特别之处就是其乐器都是用蔬菜制作的。] 2.A　[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The day before a concert，the members will spend the whole day preparing.”可知，音乐会的前一天，这支乐团将花一整天的时间作准备，再结合该段中有关他们挑选蔬菜、制作乐器的介绍可推知，他们这一天会很忙。] 3.D　[词义猜测题。结合画线词后的“to keep them from drying out”可知，盖这种布的目的是防止蔬菜乐器变干，结合生活常识可推知，此处应该是用湿布盖着这些乐器。damp意为“潮湿的”。] 4.C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后三句可知，因为每次音乐会结束后，这些蔬菜乐器会被切成碎块，煮成汤供大家享用，因此这个乐团需要一位厨师。] 5.A　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了奥地利的蔬菜乐团，包括他们音乐会前的准备工作、音乐会上演奏的曲目以及音乐会后如何处理蔬菜乐器等内容，故文章主要介绍了一支特殊的乐团。] B Join UNICEF and NYT Kids China's Pen Pal Initiative (计划) Have you been through a hard time? On the other side of the world，teenagers like you might be experiencing something similar.The Pen Pal Initiative offers a great chance for teenagers to communicate with each other.The program will start in July and last for 60 days. ★Why start the Pen Pal Initiative? A new study says that one in every seven teenagers in the world may have mental (精神的) health problems.That is to say，about 175 million boys and girls around the world may face this problem.It is 4 million more than in 2000.So we should do something for them. ★What you can do •Have meetings on the Internet with a group of friends from all over the world. •Exchange (交换) e­mails with your pen friends to share your experience，feelings and ideas. •Help people pay more attention to teenagers' mental health. ★How to sign up? If you are interested in this program and meet the following conditions： •Be 13­18 years old； •Have good English spoken and writing skills； •Be willing (愿意的) to show yourself in front of the screen.The video meeting will be recorded，so your parents should agree first； •Have a strong interest in teenagers' mental health； •Be willing to share and take part in the discussion； •Have good communication skills and respect (尊敬) other cultures. Please send us an e­mail in English before July 12 to beijing @ unicef.org. 6.From the first paragraph we can know the program 　________　. A.is about 2 months long B.is held every year C.is only for students D.is going to end in July 7.What is the purpose of holding the program? A.To make a study on mental health problems. B.To teach teenagers to make pen pals. C.To help teenagers with mental health problems. D.To show the importance of living a happy life. 8.What can teenagers do in the program? A.Exchange gifts with their pen pals. B.Learn how to communicate with others. C.Taste delicious food from all over the world. D.Meet kids from other places online. 9.If you want to sign up，you should 　________　. A.be at least ten years old B.speak and write English well C.join with your parents D.record videos of yourself 10.The passage is mainly written to 　________　. A.talk about the problems faced by teenagers B.tell people how to go through a hard time C.ask more teenagers to join the Pen Pal Initiative D.draw people's attention to teenagers' mental health problems [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了联合国儿童基金会和NYT Kids China一起在中国组织的笔友计划，号召青少年们积极参与到这个活动中。 6.A　[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The program will...last for 60 days.”可知，这项活动将持续六十天，即大约两个月。] 7.C　[推理判断题。根据“Why start the Pen Pal Initiative？”部分中的“A new study says that one in every seven teenagers in the world may have mental health problems.”和“So we should do something for them.”可知，一项新的研究表明，世界上每七个青少年中就有一个会有心理健康问题，因此我们应该为他们做一些事情。所以，举办该活动是为了帮助那些被心理健康问题困扰的青少年。] 8.D　[细节理解题。根据What you can do部分中的“Have meetings on the Internet with a group of friends from all over the world.”可知，参加该活动的青少年可以与来自世界各地的朋友在网上开会，即进行视频会面。] 9.B　[细节理解题。根据“How to sign up？”部分中的“Have good English spoken and writing skills”可知，如果你想要报名参加该活动的话，应该具备良好的英语口语和书面表达能力。] 10.C　[主旨大意题。根据文章的标题和文章最后的“Please send us an e­mail in English before July 12 to beijing @ unicef.org.”可知，作者介绍笔友计划是为了让更多的青少年参与到这个活动中。] Ⅳ.书面表达 众所周知爱迪生是美国的发明大王，一生共创造了1 000多种发明，为社会进步和人类发展做出了卓越贡献。请就此写一篇短文介绍一下爱迪生的事迹。 要求：1.词数80～120之间； 2.注意连词的使用和前后文逻辑。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Born in America，Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.He was once thought to be a boy who was not worth teaching.In fact，he was a man full of imagination. I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution to the world.He had more than 1,000 inventions.In his lifetime，he was always eager to know how things worked，which helped him make great contributions to society.He was also so diligent that he worked day and night.And this explained why he had so many great inventions. What impresses me most is his famous saying：Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety­nine percent perspiration.From him，I realize the secret to success is not when or where you were born，but what you are doing and how you do it in your life. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Section 4 Language Practice—Grammar UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 语法 探究突破 01 课后 素养提升 02 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 6 Carrying Forward Craftsmanship 英语拓展模块（GJ） 定 语 从 句 一、定语从句概述 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。其中被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，as以及关系副词where，when和why。 关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中可作地点、时间、原因状语。 二、引导定语从句的关系代词 1.that的用法 由关系代词that引导的定语从句的先行词是人或物。that在其后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语。 The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。 主要特点： ① that在定语从句中作主语时不可以省略，作宾语时可以省略。 ②不引导非限制性定语从句。 ③that前不加介词。 2.which的用法 由关系代词which引导的定语从句的先行词是物。which在其后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语。 The book which is on the table is mine. 在桌子上的那本书是我的。 主要特点： ① which在定语从句中作主语时不可以省略，作宾语时可以省略；引导非限制性定语从句时不能省略。 ②which既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。 ③which的前面可以有介词。 ④which有时可以指代前面句子的全部或部分意思，意为“这一点……”，此时，which引导的定语从句通常位于主句的后面。 3.who的用法 由关系代词who引导的定语从句的先行词是人。who在其后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语。The man who is talking to her is my brother. 正在和她说话的那个人是我的兄弟。 4.whom的用法 由关系代词whom引导的定语从句的先行词是人。whom在其后面的定语从句中作宾语。 The woman whom he loves is a famous singer. 他所爱的那个女人是一位著名的歌手。 主要特点： ①whom前可以有介词。 ②whom在定语从句中可以省略，但其前若有介词时，则不能省略。 5.whose的用法 关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，whose引导的定语从句既可为限制性的，也可为非限制性的。先行词既可为人，也可为物。whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。 主要特点： ①whose后必须接名词，相当于“the＋名词＋of which/whom”。 ②whose前可以有介词。 6.as的用法 as也可以用作关系代词，引导定语从句。 主要特点： ①主要与such和the same连用。 We have such books as you never read. 我们有你从未读过的书。 This is the same cellphone as I bought yesterday. 这手机和我昨天买的一样。 ②as还可以单独引导定语从句，意为“正如……，正像……”，先行词是主句的整个句子，as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中或句末。 三、引导定语从句的关系副词 1.where的用法 由关系副词where引导的定语从句的先行词一般是表示地点的名词或普通名词。where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词＋which”。 The city where he lives is very beautiful. 他居住的城市非常美丽。 注意：①若表示地点的名词在后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语，用that/which引导定语从句，而不用where。 ②普通名词，如：position，stage，situation，case，activity等在后面的定语从句中作地点状语时，用where引导定语从句。 2.when的用法 由关系副词when引导的定语从句的先行词一般是表示时间的名词。when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词＋which”。 July 4th is the day when Americans celebrate their independence. 7月4日是美国人庆祝独立的日子。 注意：若表示时间的名词在后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语，用that/which引导定语从句，而不用when。 3.why的用法 由关系副词why引导的定语从句的先行词是表示原因的名词reason。why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于for which。 That is the reason why I didn't go to the party. 那就是我没有去参加派对的原因。 注意：若先行词reason在后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语，用that/which引导定语从句，而不用why。 四、介词＋关系词的用法 1.关系代词中whom和which的前面可以有介词，构成“介词＋whom/which”。 2.关系代词whose前也可以有介词，构成“介词＋whose＋名词”。 3.关系副词where/when前也可以有介词，构成from where或since when。 4.“数词/代词＋of which/whom”常用于非限制性定语从句中。 五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1.限制性定语从句与主句不用逗号分开；非限制性定语从句与主句用逗号分开。 2.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如删去，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充说明的作用，如删去，主句的意思仍然清楚。 六、有关定语从句的注意事项 1.先行词way后面的定语从句用that/in which引导或省略关系词。 2.定语从句中的主谓一致 ①定语从句中的谓语动词由先行词决定。 I，who am your good friend，will try my best to help you. 作为你的好朋友，我将尽力帮助你。 ②当“one of ＋复数名词”后接定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词和复数名词一致，用复数；而“the only one of ＋复数名词”后接定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词和the only one一致，用单数。 Susan is one of the students who have won the prize three times. 苏珊是三次获奖的学生之一。 Susan is the only one of the students who has won the prize three times. 苏珊是学生中唯一得过三次奖的人。 3.通常只用that，不用which，who或whom的情况： ①当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，little，few，much，none等不定代词时。 ②当先行词被any，few，little，some，no，all，every等词修饰时。 ③当先行词被the only，the very修饰时。 ④当先行词本身是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 ⑤当先行词本身是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 ⑥当先行词既有人又有物时。 ⑦当主句的主语是who或which时。 Ⅰ.用适当的引导词填空 1.A football fan is a person 　who/that　 has a strong interest in football. 2.The house，the roof of 　which　 was destroyed in the terrible fire，has been repaired. 3.The matter 　that/which　 you were arguing about last night has been settled. 4.They talked for about an hour of things and persons　 that　 they remembered in the school. 5.Who　 that　 has common sense will do such a thing? 6.They asked him to tell them everything 　that　 he saw at the front. 7.A child 　whose　 parents are dead is called an orphan. 8.He has lost the key to the drawer 　where　 the papers are kept. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.All the apples 　________　 fell down were eaten by the pigs. A.that B.those C.which 　 D.what 2.I'll tell you 　________　 he told me last night. A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all 3.Is this the museum 　________　 you visited the other day? A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 4.—How do you like the book? —It's quite different from 　________　 I read last month. A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what 5.The train 　________　 she was traveling was late. A.which B.where C.on which D.in that 6.Antarctic 　________　 we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A.which B.where C.that D.about which 7.It's the third time 　________　 late this month. A.that you arrived B.when you arrived C.that you've arrived D.when you've arrived 8.He often helps the students 　________　 he thinks are not quick at their studies. A.whom B.who C.when D.because 9.The Second World War 　________　 millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A.when B.during that C.in which D.which 10.He was born in the year 　________　 the Anti­Japanese War broke out. A.which B.when C.on which D.during which 答案：1－5　ADACC 　6－10　DCBCB $$