Unit 4 Section 4 Language Practice-Grammar（PPT课件+Word版）-【创新教程】2025-2026学年中职英语拓展模块同步教案（高教版2023）

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(谚语)已成定局，无可挽回。 That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important. 我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势，这一点非常重要。 That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true. 一位新老师将来教我们地理，这是真的。 (2)引导词if和whether if和whether引导主语从句时，在句首用whether在句中二者均可。 Whether she will go home or not is unknown. 她是否回家还不得而知。 Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided. 我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍没决定。 ＝It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese. (3)其它引导词 连接代词who，which，whom，whose有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等；连接副词when，where，why，how等有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语。 三、语气 在It is necessary/natural/important/strange...＋ that­clause这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用“should ＋原形”，表虚拟语气。 It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once. 这个问题必须马上解决。 It's strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 他竟然没向我们说一声就走了，真是奇怪。 四、以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别 “It be ＋ adj./n.＋ that­clause”与强调句型均有It be...that...之类的语言标志，但不同的是。 (1)前者中的that从句是主语从句，若删掉其中的It be和that，则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子；但若将后者中的It be和that去掉，则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子。 (2)强调句型译为汉语时可加上“正是……”或“就是……”之类的字眼，而主语从句则不可以。 请比较下面两个句子： It is surprising that Mary should have won first place. 令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名。 It is Mary that has won first place. 正是玛莉得了第一名。 第一句话中的It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，句中的It is和that无法删除，一旦删除句子就不成立。 第二句是强调句型，其中的It is和that可以去掉，因为没有It is和that句子仍然很通顺。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.　Whoever　 makes mistakes must correct them. 2.　What　 Tom liked to eat was different from what you had expected. 3.　That　 we go swimming every day does us a lot of good. 4.　It　 is thought that Bob drives badly. 5.It's uncertain 　whether　 the experiment is worth doing. 6.　Whether　 we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 7.　When　 we'll finish translating the book depends on the time. 8.　Why　 he won't go there is clear to all of us. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.When and why he came here 　________　 yet. A.is not known　　　 B.are not known C.has not known D.have not known 2.　________　 the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry. A.That　 B.What C.How　　 D.Which 3.　________　 we can't get seems better than 　________　 we have. A.What，what B.What，that C.That，that D.That，what 4.　________　 you don't like him is none of my business. A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 5.　________　 is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee. A.That B.Why C.How D.Who 6.　________　 the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting. A.If B.Where C.That D.What 7.　________　 you come or not is up to you. A.What B.If C.Why D.Whether 8.　________　 team will win the match is a matter of public concern. A.Which B.That C.If D.How 9.　________　 leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who 10.Does 　________　 matter if he can't finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it 答案：1－5　AAACD　6－10　BDACD 宾语从句 在复合句中，充当宾语的成分是一个句子，这个句子代替了原来用一个词表示的宾语，我们称之为宾语从句。 宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.­ing形式后面都能带宾语从句，有些形容词(afraid，sure，glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。 一、动词＋宾语从句 We knew that we should go home. 我们知道我们应该回家。 这类动词一般是及物动词(vt.)，即后面能直接加宾语的动词，比如：give，tell 等。但像“arrive”就不能直接加宾语，如果要加宾语，后面需要加介词。 二、介词＋宾语从句 They are talking about whether it will rain tomorrow. 他们在谈论明天是否会下雨。 三、形容词＋宾语从句 I am sure that he can come on time. 我确信他会准时来的。 后面可以直接加宾语从句的形容词有：pleased，glad，happy，afraid，surprised，certain，sorry等。 宾语从句过“三关”：语序，引导词，时态。 (一)语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连接词(引导词)＋宾语从句(主语＋谓语＋……)”句式。 根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种： 1.连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。 Could you tell me who knows the answer，please? 你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？ The small children don't know what is in their stockings. 这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西。 2.连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。 He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class. 他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room. 老师问我们房间里有多少人。 3.连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who(m)，what，which，how many，how much，when，why，how，where，if/whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。 He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi. 他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。 Could you tell me what I should do with the money? 你能告诉我该如何处理这笔钱吗？ 4.连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。 Do you know which class he is in? 你知道他在哪个班吗？ She asked me if I knew whose pen it was. 她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 (二)引导词 1.that 当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，不充当句子成分，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 I expect (that) the plane would be diverted. 我预计飞机会改变航线。 2.if/whether 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”，不充当句子成分，但不能省略。 I don't know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道过了这么多年他是否还住在这里。 3.特殊疑问词 如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导 疑问代词：what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever... 有词义，充当句子成分(主语、宾语、表语和定语；一般充当主语或宾语，whose 充当定语) We'll do whatever we can to save him. 我们会尽我们所能救他。 疑问副词：where(地点)，when(时间)，how(方式)，why(原因)...有词义，充当句子成分(状语) He knows where they live. 他知道他们住在哪里。 Tell us how you are getting on now. 告诉我们你现在过得怎么样。 4.if和whether的区别 只能用whether，不能用if 引导的宾语从句 ①当宾语从句中，紧接or not时，只用whether，否则都可。 Let me know whether/if you can come or not. 让我知道你是否能来。 ②当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether，不能用if。 Whether it is true，I can't tell. 这是不是真的，我说不准。 ③whether 可以引导带to 的不定式，而if不行。 I don't know whether to accept. 我不知道该不该接受。 ④whether 可以放在介词后，作介词的宾语，而if不可以。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心我是否伤害了她的感情。 ⑤动词discuss，decide，consider，sure等后习惯上也常用whether引导从句，不用if。 Time for her to decide whether she wants to continue the journey. 该是她决定是否继续旅行的时候了。 (三)时态 1.主现从不限。(主句是某种现在的时态，从句没有限制) 宾语从句中，如果主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句的时态根据实际情况来定，不受主句限制。 I know she lives here. 我知道她住在这里。 I know she lived here ten years ago. 我知道她十年前住在这里。 2.主过从必过。(客观真理除外) 宾语从句中，如果主句是过去时态(包括一般过去时，过去进行时等)，那么从句的时态一定也是用过去的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时等)。 She told me that she was 15 last year. 她告诉我她去年15岁。 3.客观真理永一现。 如果宾语从句讲述的是某种客观真理，这个时候，需要用一般现在时。 She told her daughter that the earth is round. 她告诉女儿地球是圆的。 (四)否定转移通常要满足三个条件 (1)主句的主语是第一人称I和we。 (2)主句的谓语动词是表示“认为” “相信” “期望”等主观想法的词 常见：think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine，feel等。 (3)主句时态为一般现在时 I don't believe that they can accomplish the task in such a short time. 我不相信他们能在这么短的时间内完成这项任务。 We don't imagine that they will join the competition. 我们认为他们不会参加竞争。 Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.We are sure that he 　will go　 (go) to school tomorrow. 2.Do you know who 　was　 (be) the first man to walk on the moon? 3.Our father said that he 　would buy　 (buy) a new computer. 4.I hear that he 　swam　 (swim) in the sea yesterday. 5.The little boy tells us where his father 　works　 (work). 6.He said that he 　had finished　 (finish) his work already. 7.He was glad that so many people 　helped　 (help) him. 8.She doesn't know whether 　to go　 (go) or wait. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.He wanted to know 　________　. A.whether he speaks at the meeting B.when the meeting would start C.what he's going to do at the meeting D.where would the meeting be held 2.—Could you tell me 　________　 the Bamboo Garden? —The day after tomorrow，I think. A.when will you visit B.when you will visit C.when would you visit D.when you would visit 3.Would you please tell me 　________　 next，Mr.Wang? A.what should we do B.we should do what C.what we should do D.should we do what 4.You can't imagine 　________　 when they received these nice Christmas presents. A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited 5.I want to know 　________　 you will come back at 8：00 tomorrow. A.that B.when C.where D.whether 6.—Could you tell me 　________　？ —Sorry，I don't know.I was not at the meeting. A.what does he say at the meeting B.what did he say at the meeting C.what he says at the meeting D.what he said at the meeting 7.—Could you tell me 　________　 last night? —Er，I was watching Euro 2004 at home. A.what you were doing B.what were you doing C.what you are doing D.what are you doing 8.The teacher asked the students 　________　. A.if they were interested in dinosaurs B.when was Albert Einstein born C.what they will do with the computers D.how many trees they have planted 9.Every morning the patients are asked if 　________　 their temperature taken. A.they had had B.have they had C.they have had D.had they had 10.It's up to you to decide 　________　 you'll go there，by air or by road. A.how　 B.why C.that 　　D.when 答案：1－5　BBCBD　6－10　DAACA $$ Ⅰ.用合适的连接词填空 1.Jim told me 　________　 he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon. 2.Do you know 　________　 else is going to be on duty today? 3.She said 　________　 it wouldn't matter much. 4.He always thinks 　________　 he can do better. 5.I really don't know 　________　 the bridge will be finished. 6.They don't know 　________　 to go or wait. 7.We are talking about 　________　 we'll go back tomorrow. 8.I was really surprised at 　________　 I saw. 9.I don't know 　________　 so many people are looking at him. 10.Do you know 　________　 you are studying for? 11.It worried her a bit 　________　 her hair was turning gray. 12.　________　 fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. 答案：1.why　2.who　3.that　4.how 5.how soon　6.whether　7.whether　8.what　9.why　10.what　11.that　12.That Ⅱ.单项选择 1.　________　 is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A.There　 B.This C.That 　　D.It 2.　________　 what they told me really true? A.Has B.Is C.Does D.Have 3.It matters little 　________　 a man dies，but 　________　 matters much is 　________　 he lives. A.how；what；how B.how；it；how C.why；it；why D.that；what；that 4.　________　 she couldn't understand was 　________　 fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A.What；why B.That；what C.What；because D.Why；that 5.What did Mike say？He said 　________　. A.if you are free the next week B.what colour was it C.the weather is fine D.summer comes after spring 6.Tom asked my friend 　________　. A.where was he from B.that the earth is bigger than the moon C.when did he come back D.not to be so angry 7.Let me tell you 　________　. A.how much is the car B.how much does the car cost C.how much did I pay for the car D.how much I spent on the car 8.Peter knew 　________　. A.whether he has finished reading the book B.why the boy had so many questions C.there were 12 months in a year D.when they will leave for Paris 9.Could you tell me 　________　？ A.where do you live B.who you are waiting for C.who were you waiting for D.where you live in 10.I can't understand 　________　 the boy alone. A.why she left B.why did she leave C.why she had left D.why had she left 11.She told me the sun 　________　 in the east. A.rise B.rose C.rises D.had risen 12.I don't know 　________　 up so early last Sunday. A.why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D.why he got 13.The manager came up to see 　________　. A.what was the matter B.what the matter was C.what the matter is D.what's the matter 14.He asked his father 　________　. A.where it happens B.where did it happen C.how it happened D.how did it happen 15.No one tells us 　________　，so we need your help. A.how we should do B.what should we do C.how to do it D.what to do it 答案：1－5　DBAAD　6－10　DDBBA 11－15　CDACC Ⅲ.阅读理解 A Being a college student during a pandemic (流行病) means you're probably working from home internship.Working remotely has become a posi­ tive trend and more people are realizing that it's not only easy to do，but is also environmentally and economically (经济上) friendly. Although there are some challenges and diffi­ culties to overcome when you work from home internship.Interns do not have interaction (互动) with the workmates and don't get as much hands­on experience，which can be disappointing at times. It's important to make connections with your workmates while serving your internship.Normally，this is done by being in the office every day and gathering near the water cooler to chat or in meetings.Making connections and building relationships with co­workers while working from home is a major challenge.This can be done in a couple of different ways. The first is to stick to meetings with your supervisor (上级).Plan a weekly，or daily if necessary，meeting to talk about your projects and to build a relationship together.Besides，join in your team meetings when you can contribute something important or meaningful.You can even master the art of small talk so you know that your voice is being heard by every workmate.It's admirable for a young intern，　especially　 one who works from home，to speak up.Lastly，you can join in any team­building exercise or social event.Since working remotely has become newly normal，companies are trying to come up with activities that help coworkers unite together even when they aren't face­ to­face. 1.What's the author's attitude towards “working remotely”？ A.Pessimistic. B.Optimistic. C.Uncertain. D.Questioning. 2.Which is the possible weakness of “working remotely”？ A.The difficulty in interacting with others. B.Being unable to get working experience. C.Feeling disappointed all the time. D.Losing touch with your supervisor. 3.How many pieces of advice are given in Paragraph 4? A.One. B.Two. C.Three.　 D.Four. 4.What does the word “especially” mean in Chinese? A.特别地 B.尤其 C.经常 D.遥远地 5.What's the best title for the passage? A.Communicating Much While Working From Home Internship B.Getting the Most From Working From Home Internship C.Combining Office Culture with Working From Home Internship D.Experiencing Working From Home Internship When You Graduate [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了在家工作实习的优点和可能存在和其他人互动困难的问题，最后重点提出了解决问题的几条建议。 1.B　[推理判断题。根据第一段“Working remotely has become a positive trend and more people are realizing that it's not only easy to do，but is also environmentally and economically friendly.”可知，作者认为远程办公有很多好处，故作者对此事持积极的态度。] 2.A　[细节理解题。根据第二段“Interns do not have interaction with the workmates and don't get as much hands­on experience，which can be disappointing at times.”可知，远程办公可能存在的缺点是，和其他人互动有一定的困难。] 3.C　[细节理解题。根据第四段“The first is to stick to meetings with your supervisor...Besides，join in your teammeetings when you can contribute something important or meaningful...Lastly，you can join in any team­building exercises or social events.”可知，为了在家时能与同事建立联系，作者给出了三条建议。] 4.B　[词义猜测题。根据前句“You can even master the art of small talk so you know that your voice is being heard by every workmate.”可知表示递进。句意：一个年轻的实习生，尤其是在家工作的实习生，说出自己的想法是令人钦佩的。] 5.A　[主旨大意题。文章首段点题，引出了远程办公这一趋势；第二段和第三段讲了远程办公的缺点，那就是同事之间互动比较困难；第四段主要就如何克服这一缺点提出建议，那就是尽可能多地和别人交流。因此文章的主旨是在家实习的时候尽可能多地和同事交流。] B Do you think in England teachers teach math the same way as teachers in China do? The answer is yes! In England，we have math lessons very similar to what kids have in China.During each lesson，our teacher teaches us about a new math concept (概念).Later，we finish either a worksheet or a booklet (小册子) to improve our understanding.We have a test once every term to see how much we have learned. But things are a little different in Grade 7.We don't take any end­of­year exams.We do something different—a math test to form “sets (在某学科上能力相当的一批学生)”.What does a “set” mean？In each class of 26 students，only 30 percent will reach the top set.The other students will be in the medium set.To get into the top set，you need to get high scores in your math exams.With the sets，teachers can focus on a smaller group of students who are good at math.They can pay more attention to them and give them harder questions to answer. I had my math sets exam on May 17.It had two parts，A and B.For part A，we had 40 minutes.It was mainly arithmetic (算术) and questions about numbers.For part B，we had 50 minutes to answer problem­solving questions. I got into the top set.It is true that the lessons are much harder.But I like them because they make me more competitive (有竞争力的). 6.What can we know about math teaching and learning in England? A.Teachers teach math in a different way. B.Teachers don't teach their students about math concepts. C.Grade 7 students in England have no end­of­year exams. D.Students have a math test once a year. 7.In England，how many students can reach the top set in a class of 26 students? A.7 to 8. B.12 to 13. C.16. D.26. 8.How was the writer's math sets exam on May 17? A.He got high scores. B.He failed the exam. C.He got an A. D.He missed the exam. 9.What does the writer think of the lessons for the top set? A.Very easy，so he often gets good scores. B.So easy，and he feels bored. C.Very hard，so he doesn't like them. D.So difficult，but he likes them. 10.What is the best title for the passage? A.Why is math so hard in England? B.Math learning in England C.Math tests in England D.The best way to learn math in England [语篇解读]　本文介绍了英国的数学教学模式。英国学生的数学课跟中国的几乎一样，都是先讲概念后练习，然后期末考试。七年级与其他年级不同的是考试模式。通过分级考试，只有30%的学生会进入优等班，其他的学生则会进入中等班。 6.C　[细节理解题。第二段提到了英国和中国的数学教学模式是很相似的，即先讲概念后练习。根据第三段前两句“But things are a little different in Grade 7.We don't take any end­of­year exams.”可知，不同的是英国七年级的学生没有年终考试。] 7.A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In each class of 26 students，only 30 percent will reach the top set.”可知，在一个26人的班里，只有30%的学生会进入优等班，由此推断26人中有7至8人能进入优等班。] 8.A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To get into the top set，you need to get high scores in your math exams.”和最后一段第一句“I got into the top set.”可知，作者这次考试得分很高。] 9.D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It is true that the lessons are much harder.But I like them because they make me more competitive.”可知，作者认为优等班的数学很难，但是他很喜欢。] 10.B　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了英国数学教学和考试的一些特点，故B项适合作本文的标题。] Ⅳ.书面表达 9月20日是你校建校50周年纪念日，学校将举办庆祝活动。假如你是李华，请写一封邀请信邀请外籍教师 Smith前来参加。 要求：1.词数80～120左右； 2.注意邀请信格式。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Dear Smith， I'm honored on behalf of our school to invite you to attend the evening party in celebration of our school's 50th anniversary.Here is the information in detail. As scheduled，the performance is due to start at 20 o'clock and end at 22 o'clock on September 20.You are arranged to sit in Seat 6，Row 4，Section 3 where you can feast your eyes.At the party，folk songs will be performed，poem recitation and student group dance included.By the way，you can take bus to the party venue，the Youth Activity Center located in northeast of the crossroads where Xinghua Street meets University Road. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section 4　Language Practice—Grammar 主语从句 一、主语从句的概念与类型 主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，引导主语从句的词有从属连词that，whether以及连接代词who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever和连接副词when，where，why，how等。 That she was chosen made us very happy. 她当选了使我们很高兴。 What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜。 Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否来还是一个问题。 Which team will win the match is still unknown. 哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道。 Whoever comes to the party will receive a present. 参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼物。 When they will start has not been decided yet. 他们何时出发还没决定。 注意：上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。 It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。 It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today. 他们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况。 这样就构成了下面一些常用句型： ①It is ＋ adj./n.＋从句 It is a pity/shame that...遗憾的是…… It is possible that...很可能…… It is unlikely that...不可能…… ②It ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems/appears that...似乎…… It happened that...碰巧…… ③It ＋ be ＋过去分词＋从句 It is said that...据说…… It is known to all that...众所周知…… It is reported that...据报道…… It is believed that...据信……；人们相信…… It is suggested that...有人建议…… It must be pointed out that...必须指出…… It has been proved that...已证明…… It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed. 据信，至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。 It is suggested that the meeting should be put off. 有人建议会议延期召开。 It's reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly. 据报道，事故中三人丧生，五人重伤。 It is known to all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. 众所周知，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。 二、学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题 (1)引导词that与what what既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于all that/everything that...，常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等。)”；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不担当任何句子成分，但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。 What is done can't be undone. (谚语)已成定局，无可挽回。 That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important. 我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势，这一点非常重要。 That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true. 一位新老师将来教我们地理，这是真的。 (2)引导词if和whether if和whether引导主语从句时，在句首用whether在句中二者均可。 Whether she will go home or not is unknown. 她是否回家还不得而知。 Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided. 我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍没决定。 ＝It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese. (3)其它引导词 连接代词who，which，whom，whose有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等；连接副词when，where，why，how等有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语。 三、语气 在It is necessary/natural/important/strange...＋ that­clause这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用“should ＋原形”，表虚拟语气。 It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once. 这个问题必须马上解决。 It's strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 他竟然没向我们说一声就走了，真是奇怪。 四、以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别 “It be ＋ adj./n.＋ that­clause”与强调句型均有It be...that...之类的语言标志，但不同的是。 (1)前者中的that从句是主语从句，若删掉其中的It be和that，则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子；但若将后者中的It be和that去掉，则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子。 (2)强调句型译为汉语时可加上“正是……”或“就是……”之类的字眼，而主语从句则不可以。 请比较下面两个句子： It is surprising that Mary should have won first place. 令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名。 It is Mary that has won first place. 正是玛莉得了第一名。 第一句话中的It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，句中的It is和that无法删除，一旦删除句子就不成立。 第二句是强调句型，其中的It is和that可以去掉，因为没有It is和that句子仍然很通顺。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.　Whoever　 makes mistakes must correct them. 2.　What　 Tom liked to eat was different from what you had expected. 3.　That　 we go swimming every day does us a lot of good. 4.　It　 is thought that Bob drives badly. 5.It's uncertain 　whether　 the experiment is worth doing. 6.　Whether　 we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 7.　When　 we'll finish translating the book depends on the time. 8.　Why　 he won't go there is clear to all of us. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.When and why he came here 　________　 yet. A.is not known　　　 B.are not known C.has not known D.have not known 2.　________　 the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry. A.That　 B.What C.How　　 D.Which 3.　________　 we can't get seems better than 　________　 we have. A.What，what B.What，that C.That，that D.That，what 4.　________　 you don't like him is none of my business. A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 5.　________　 is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee. A.That B.Why C.How D.Who 6.　________　 the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting. A.If B.Where C.That D.What 7.　________　 you come or not is up to you. A.What B.If C.Why D.Whether 8.　________　 team will win the match is a matter of public concern. A.Which B.That C.If D.How 9.　________　 leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who 10.Does 　________　 matter if he can't finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it 答案：1－5　AAACD　6－10　BDACD 宾语从句 在复合句中，充当宾语的成分是一个句子，这个句子代替了原来用一个词表示的宾语，我们称之为宾语从句。 宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.­ing形式后面都能带宾语从句，有些形容词(afraid，sure，glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。 一、动词＋宾语从句 We knew that we should go home. 我们知道我们应该回家。 这类动词一般是及物动词(vt.)，即后面能直接加宾语的动词，比如：give，tell 等。但像“arrive”就不能直接加宾语，如果要加宾语，后面需要加介词。 二、介词＋宾语从句 They are talking about whether it will rain tomorrow. 他们在谈论明天是否会下雨。 三、形容词＋宾语从句 I am sure that he can come on time. 我确信他会准时来的。 后面可以直接加宾语从句的形容词有：pleased，glad，happy，afraid，surprised，certain，sorry等。 宾语从句过“三关”：语序，引导词，时态。 (一)语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连接词(引导词)＋宾语从句(主语＋谓语＋……)”句式。 根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种： 1.连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。 Could you tell me who knows the answer，please? 你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？ The small children don't know what is in their stockings. 这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西。 2.连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。 He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class. 他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room. 老师问我们房间里有多少人。 3.连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who(m)，what，which，how many，how much，when，why，how，where，if/whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。 He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi. 他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。 Could you tell me what I should do with the money? 你能告诉我该如何处理这笔钱吗？ 4.连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。 Do you know which class he is in? 你知道他在哪个班吗？ She asked me if I knew whose pen it was. 她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 (二)引导词 1.that 当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，不充当句子成分，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 I expect (that) the plane would be diverted. 我预计飞机会改变航线。 2.if/whether 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”，不充当句子成分，但不能省略。 I don't know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道过了这么多年他是否还住在这里。 3.特殊疑问词 如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导 疑问代词：what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever... 有词义，充当句子成分(主语、宾语、表语和定语；一般充当主语或宾语，whose 充当定语) We'll do whatever we can to save him. 我们会尽我们所能救他。 疑问副词：where(地点)，when(时间)，how(方式)，why(原因)...有词义，充当句子成分(状语) He knows where they live. 他知道他们住在哪里。 Tell us how you are getting on now. 告诉我们你现在过得怎么样。 4.if和whether的区别 只能用whether，不能用if 引导的宾语从句 ①当宾语从句中，紧接or not时，只用whether，否则都可。 Let me know whether/if you can come or not. 让我知道你是否能来。 ②当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether，不能用if。 Whether it is true，I can't tell. 这是不是真的，我说不准。 ③whether 可以引导带to 的不定式，而if不行。 I don't know whether to accept. 我不知道该不该接受。 ④whether 可以放在介词后，作介词的宾语，而if不可以。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心我是否伤害了她的感情。 ⑤动词discuss，decide，consider，sure等后习惯上也常用whether引导从句，不用if。 Time for her to decide whether she wants to continue the journey. 该是她决定是否继续旅行的时候了。 (三)时态 1.主现从不限。(主句是某种现在的时态，从句没有限制) 宾语从句中，如果主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句的时态根据实际情况来定，不受主句限制。 I know she lives here. 我知道她住在这里。 I know she lived here ten years ago. 我知道她十年前住在这里。 2.主过从必过。(客观真理除外) 宾语从句中，如果主句是过去时态(包括一般过去时，过去进行时等)，那么从句的时态一定也是用过去的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时等)。 She told me that she was 15 last year. 她告诉我她去年15岁。 3.客观真理永一现。 如果宾语从句讲述的是某种客观真理，这个时候，需要用一般现在时。 She told her daughter that the earth is round. 她告诉女儿地球是圆的。 (四)否定转移通常要满足三个条件 (1)主句的主语是第一人称I和we。 (2)主句的谓语动词是表示“认为” “相信” “期望”等主观想法的词 常见：think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine，feel等。 (3)主句时态为一般现在时 I don't believe that they can accomplish the task in such a short time. 我不相信他们能在这么短的时间内完成这项任务。 We don't imagine that they will join the competition. 我们认为他们不会参加竞争。 Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.We are sure that he 　will go　 (go) to school tomorrow. 2.Do you know who 　was　 (be) the first man to walk on the moon? 3.Our father said that he 　would buy　 (buy) a new computer. 4.I hear that he 　swam　 (swim) in the sea yesterday. 5.The little boy tells us where his father 　works　 (work). 6.He said that he 　had finished　 (finish) his work already. 7.He was glad that so many people 　helped　 (help) him. 8.She doesn't know whether 　to go　 (go) or wait. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.He wanted to know 　________　. A.whether he speaks at the meeting B.when the meeting would start C.what he's going to do at the meeting D.where would the meeting be held 2.—Could you tell me 　________　 the Bamboo Garden? —The day after tomorrow，I think. A.when will you visit B.when you will visit C.when would you visit D.when you would visit 3.Would you please tell me 　________　 next，Mr.Wang? A.what should we do B.we should do what C.what we should do D.should we do what 4.You can't imagine 　________　 when they received these nice Christmas presents. A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited 5.I want to know 　________　 you will come back at 8：00 tomorrow. A.that B.when C.where D.whether 6.—Could you tell me 　________　？ —Sorry，I don't know.I was not at the meeting. A.what does he say at the meeting B.what did he say at the meeting C.what he says at the meeting D.what he said at the meeting 7.—Could you tell me 　________　 last night? —Er，I was watching Euro 2004 at home. A.what you were doing B.what were you doing C.what you are doing D.what are you doing 8.The teacher asked the students 　________　. A.if they were interested in dinosaurs B.when was Albert Einstein born C.what they will do with the computers D.how many trees they have planted 9.Every morning the patients are asked if 　________　 their temperature taken. A.they had had B.have they had C.they have had D.had they had 10.It's up to you to decide 　________　 you'll go there，by air or by road. A.how　 B.why C.that 　　D.when 答案：1－5　BBCBD　6－10　 DAACA Ⅰ.用合适的连接词填空 1.Jim told me 　________　 he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon. 2.Do you know 　________　 else is going to be on duty today? 3.She said 　________　 it wouldn't matter much. 4.He always thinks 　________　 he can do better. 5.I really don't know 　________　 the bridge will be finished. 6.They don't know 　________　 to go or wait. 7.We are talking about 　________　 we'll go back tomorrow. 8.I was really surprised at 　________　 I saw. 9.I don't know 　________　 so many people are looking at him. 10.Do you know 　________　 you are studying for? 11.It worried her a bit 　________　 her hair was turning gray. 12.　________　 fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. 答案：1.why　2.who　3.that　4.how 5.how soon　6.whether　7.whether　8.what　9.why　10.what　11.that　12.That Ⅱ.单项选择 1.　________　 is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A.There　 B.This C.That 　　D.It 2.　________　 what they told me really true? A.Has B.Is C.Does D.Have 3.It matters little 　________　 a man dies，but 　________　 matters much is 　________　 he lives. A.how；what；how B.how；it；how C.why；it；why D.that；what；that 4.　________　 she couldn't understand was 　________　 fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A.What；why B.That；what C.What；because D.Why；that 5.What did Mike say？He said 　________　. A.if you are free the next week B.what colour was it C.the weather is fine D.summer comes after spring 6.Tom asked my friend 　________　. A.where was he from B.that the earth is bigger than the moon C.when did he come back D.not to be so angry 7.Let me tell you 　________　. A.how much is the car B.how much does the car cost C.how much did I pay for the car D.how much I spent on the car 8.Peter knew 　________　. A.whether he has finished reading the book B.why the boy had so many questions C.there were 12 months in a year D.when they will leave for Paris 9.Could you tell me 　________　？ A.where do you live B.who you are waiting for C.who were you waiting for D.where you live in 10.I can't understand 　________　 the boy alone. A.why she left B.why did she leave C.why she had left D.why had she left 11.She told me the sun 　________　 in the east. A.rise B.rose C.rises D.had risen 12.I don't know 　________　 up so early last Sunday. A.why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D.why he got 13.The manager came up to see 　________　. A.what was the matter B.what the matter was C.what the matter is D.what's the matter 14.He asked his father 　________　. A.where it happens B.where did it happen C.how it happened D.how did it happen 15.No one tells us 　________　，so we need your help. A.how we should do B.what should we do C.how to do it D.what to do it 答案：1－5　DBAAD　6－10　DDBBA 11－15　CDACC Ⅲ.阅读理解 A Being a college student during a pandemic (流行病) means you're probably working from home internship.Working remotely has become a posi­ tive trend and more people are realizing that it's not only easy to do，but is also environmentally and economically (经济上) friendly. Although there are some challenges and diffi­ culties to overcome when you work from home internship.Interns do not have interaction (互动) with the workmates and don't get as much hands­on experience，which can be disappointing at times. It's important to make connections with your workmates while serving your internship.Normally，this is done by being in the office every day and gathering near the water cooler to chat or in meetings.Making connections and building relationships with co­workers while working from home is a major challenge.This can be done in a couple of different ways. The first is to stick to meetings with your supervisor (上级).Plan a weekly，or daily if necessary，meeting to talk about your projects and to build a relationship together.Besides，join in your team meetings when you can contribute something important or meaningful.You can even master the art of small talk so you know that your voice is being heard by every workmate.It's admirable for a young intern，　especially　 one who works from home，to speak up.Lastly，you can join in any team­building exercise or social event.Since working remotely has become newly normal，companies are trying to come up with activities that help coworkers unite together even when they aren't face­ to­face. 1.What's the author's attitude towards “working remotely”？ A.Pessimistic. B.Optimistic. C.Uncertain. D.Questioning. 2.Which is the possible weakness of “working remotely”？ A.The difficulty in interacting with others. B.Being unable to get working experience. C.Feeling disappointed all the time. D.Losing touch with your supervisor. 3.How many pieces of advice are given in Paragraph 4? A.One. B.Two. C.Three.　 D.Four. 4.What does the word “especially” mean in Chinese? A.特别地 B.尤其 C.经常 D.遥远地 5.What's the best title for the passage? A.Communicating Much While Working From Home Internship B.Getting the Most From Working From Home Internship C.Combining Office Culture with Working From Home Internship D.Experiencing Working From Home Internship When You Graduate [语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了在家工作实习的优点和可能存在和其他人互动困难的问题，最后重点提出了解决问题的几条建议。 1.B　[推理判断题。根据第一段“Working remotely has become a positive trend and more people are realizing that it's not only easy to do，but is also environmentally and economically friendly.”可知，作者认为远程办公有很多好处，故作者对此事持积极的态度。] 2.A　[细节理解题。根据第二段“Interns do not have interaction with the workmates and don't get as much hands­on experience，which can be disappointing at times.”可知，远程办公可能存在的缺点是，和其他人互动有一定的困难。] 3.C　[细节理解题。根据第四段“The first is to stick to meetings with your supervisor...Besides，join in your teammeetings when you can contribute something important or meaningful...Lastly，you can join in any team­building exercises or social events.”可知，为了在家时能与同事建立联系，作者给出了三条建议。] 4.B　[词义猜测题。根据前句“You can even master the art of small talk so you know that your voice is being heard by every workmate.”可知表示递进。句意：一个年轻的实习生，尤其是在家工作的实习生，说出自己的想法是令人钦佩的。] 5.A　[主旨大意题。文章首段点题，引出了远程办公这一趋势；第二段和第三段讲了远程办公的缺点，那就是同事之间互动比较困难；第四段主要就如何克服这一缺点提出建议，那就是尽可能多地和别人交流。因此文章的主旨是在家实习的时候尽可能多地和同事交流。] B Do you think in England teachers teach math the same way as teachers in China do? The answer is yes! In England，we have math lessons very similar to what kids have in China.During each lesson，our teacher teaches us about a new math concept (概念).Later，we finish either a worksheet or a booklet (小册子) to improve our understanding.We have a test once every term to see how much we have learned. But things are a little different in Grade 7.We don't take any end­of­year exams.We do something different—a math test to form “sets (在某学科上能力相当的一批学生)”.What does a “set” mean？In each class of 26 students，only 30 percent will reach the top set.The other students will be in the medium set.To get into the top set，you need to get high scores in your math exams.With the sets，teachers can focus on a smaller group of students who are good at math.They can pay more attention to them and give them harder questions to answer. I had my math sets exam on May 17.It had two parts，A and B.For part A，we had 40 minutes.It was mainly arithmetic (算术) and questions about numbers.For part B，we had 50 minutes to answer problem­solving questions. I got into the top set.It is true that the lessons are much harder.But I like them because they make me more competitive (有竞争力的). 6.What can we know about math teaching and learning in England? A.Teachers teach math in a different way. B.Teachers don't teach their students about math concepts. C.Grade 7 students in England have no end­of­year exams. D.Students have a math test once a year. 7.In England，how many students can reach the top set in a class of 26 students? A.7 to 8. B.12 to 13. C.16. D.26. 8.How was the writer's math sets exam on May 17? A.He got high scores. B.He failed the exam. C.He got an A. D.He missed the exam. 9.What does the writer think of the lessons for the top set? A.Very easy，so he often gets good scores. B.So easy，and he feels bored. C.Very hard，so he doesn't like them. D.So difficult，but he likes them. 10.What is the best title for the passage? A.Why is math so hard in England? B.Math learning in England C.Math tests in England D.The best way to learn math in England [语篇解读]　本文介绍了英国的数学教学模式。英国学生的数学课跟中国的几乎一样，都是先讲概念后练习，然后期末考试。七年级与其他年级不同的是考试模式。通过分级考试，只有30%的学生会进入优等班，其他的学生则会进入中等班。 6.C　[细节理解题。第二段提到了英国和中国的数学教学模式是很相似的，即先讲概念后练习。根据第三段前两句“But things are a little different in Grade 7.We don't take any end­of­year exams.”可知，不同的是英国七年级的学生没有年终考试。] 7.A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In each class of 26 students，only 30 percent will reach the top set.”可知，在一个26人的班里，只有30%的学生会进入优等班，由此推断26人中有7至8人能进入优等班。] 8.A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To get into the top set，you need to get high scores in your math exams.”和最后一段第一句“I got into the top set.”可知，作者这次考试得分很高。] 9.D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It is true that the lessons are much harder.But I like them because they make me more competitive.”可知，作者认为优等班的数学很难，但是他很喜欢。] 10.B　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了英国数学教学和考试的一些特点，故B项适合作本文的标题。] Ⅳ.书面表达 9月20日是你校建校50周年纪念日，学校将举办庆祝活动。假如你是李华，请写一封邀请信邀请外籍教师 Smith前来参加。 要求：1.词数80～120左右； 2.注意邀请信格式。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Dear Smith， I'm honored on behalf of our school to invite you to attend the evening party in celebration of our school's 50th anniversary.Here is the information in detail. As scheduled，the performance is due to start at 20 o'clock and end at 22 o'clock on September 20.You are arranged to sit in Seat 6，Row 4，Section 3 where you can feast your eyes.At the party，folk songs will be performed，poem recitation and student group dance included.By the way，you can take bus to the party venue，the Youth Activity Center located in northeast of the crossroads where Xinghua Street meets University Road. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$