Unit 3 Section 4 Language Practice-Grammar（PPT课件+Word版）-【创新教程】2025-2026学年中职英语拓展模块同步教案（高教版2023）

Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 1.This is not my dictionary.　Mine　 (I) is lent to Lucy. 2.The government has changed 　its　 (it) policy. 3.The little boy can dress 　himself　 (he) now. 4.Fangfang is not as　 tall　 (tall) as the other girls. 5.My eyes are 　bigger　 (big) than 　hers　 (she). 6.Which is 　heavier　 (heavy)，the elephant or the pig? 7.Who gets up 　earlier 　(early)，Tim or Tom? 8.I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are 　more meaningful　 (meaningful) things to do. 9.—These oranges are only a dollar. —Well，they are 　cheaper　 (cheap) than others，but they don't look as good. 10.The 　more　 (much) medicine I take，the worse I seem to feel. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.Paul has 　________　 friends except me，and sometimes he feels lonely. A.many　 B.some C.few D.more 2.If you want to book a round­trip ticket，you'll have to pay 　________　 $ 30. A.more B.other C.the other D.another 3.—Do you live by yourself，Mr Wang? —Yes.I have two sons.But 　________　 of them lives with me.They are now studying in America? A.neither B.both C.none D.either 4.—Have you sent your parents an e­mail telling them you arrived safe? —No. 　________　 of them can use a computer. A.None B.Both C.Neither D.All 5.Who taught 　________　 English last term？Was 　________　 Mr.Smith? A.you；it B.you；he C.your；it D.your；that 6.—That woman has a bag in her right hand.What's in her 　________　 hand? A.another B.other C.one D.the other 7.We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of 　________　. A.us B.our C.ours D.ourselves 8.—Is there a bus to the zoo? —I'm afraid there's 　________　 bus to the zoo. A.no B.any C.some D.none 9.You forgot your dictionary？You may have 　________　. A.me B.my C.mine D.myself 10.This is 　________　 classroom.Where is 　________　？ A.our；them B.us；they C.our；theirs D.ours；theirs 11.John is my 　________　 friend of all the classmates. A.good B.better C.best D.the best 12.E­mailing is much 　________　 than long­distance calling. A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapest D.the cheapest 13.Beijing is one of 　________　 cities in China. A.very beautiful B.much beautiful C.more beautiful D.the most beautiful 14.The Yellow River isn't so 　________　 as the Changjiang River. A.long B.longest C.longer D.the longest 15.The coat I bought last week is too big for me. I'd like to change it for a 　________　 one. A.small B.larger C.nicer D.smaller 答案：1－5　CDACA　6－10　BCACC 11－15　CBDAD Ⅲ.阅读理解 A My name is Sasha Olsen.I'm ten years old.Last summer，I visited Asia with my family.We went there by ship，and I saw so much trash (垃圾) in the ocean! I had never realized the seriousness of ocean pollution before.When we got back，I did a lot of research with my cousin.Finally，I told the people around me that it was about time we started taking care of our oceans.We couldn't keep watching sea animals die.This is how my “I Want My Ocean Back” movement was born. I've been cleaning up the beach in my town.I've also tried to bring more attention to ocean pollution.I wrote to the mayor (镇长) of my town.He gave me a chance to speak about the problem at a public meeting. I have had a lot of support from my family and friends.After I shared my thoughts online，I've received e­mails from kids all over the world.They all want to join me.This makes me really happy. Some people say I am too young to heal (治愈) the ocean，but I believe that together we kids can do something. Do you also want your ocean back? 1.Where did Sasha see so much trash? A.On the ship. B.In Asia. C.In her town. D.In the ocean on her way to Asia. 2.What's the aim of “I Want My Ocean Back”？ A.To visit Asia. B.To take care of the oceans. C.To keep watching sea animals die. D.To do a research about ocean pollution. 3.How did Sasha get the chance to talk about the ocean pollution at a public meeting? A.By cleaning up the beach. B.By bringing people more attention to ocean pollution. C.By writing to the mayor. D.By getting the support from her family and friends. 4.How did Sasha get support? A.By visiting Asia. B.By taking a ship. C.By sharing her thoughts online. D.By writing stories. 5.What do you think of Sasha? A.Interesting and happy. B.Amazing and exciting. C.Helpful and hard­working. D.Kind and generous. [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍作者努力保护海洋的故事。 1.D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...I visited Asia with my family.We went there by ship，and I saw so much trash (垃圾) in the ocean！”] 2.B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Finally，I told the people around me that it was about time we started taking care of our oceans.”] 3.C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wrote to the mayor of my town.He gave me a chance to speak about the problem at a public meeting.”] 4.C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After I shared my thoughts online，I've received emails from kids all over the world.”] 5.C　[推理判断题。通读全文可知，Sasha看到海洋中的垃圾后不懈努力，为保护海洋做出了自己的贡献，说明她非常愿意服务于社会，而且非常努力。] B In today's society，every day we may face some kinds of stress and difficulties from work，school or family.They can influence both our bodies and our minds.So learning how to deal with stress is very important for keeping healthy.Well，how do we reduce stress？In my opinion，the best ways are exercise and contacting with nature (亲近自然). For example，we don't have to go to a gym or spend much money on exercise.In fact，walking or riding to work is suitable for exercise.The second way of dealing with stress is to make contact with nature.You can take many ways，including walk­ ing in the forests，hiking in the mountains or walking in the garden.Nature is very great and if you can make contact with her，you can enjoy the smell and the sight (风景) of green plants and then let you feel 　delighted　. Some of these activities can let you get exercise，but also you can enjoy the beauty of your garden every day.So，take my advice and start now，if you meet some kinds of pressure in your work or study.Good luck! 6.Which is TRUE according to the passage? A.Stress only comes from school. B.Stress is only bad for our minds. C.Reducing (减少) stress is not an very important thing for us. D.Making contact with nature is one of the best ways of reducing stress. 7.If you want to exercise，you need to 　________　. A.spend money on exercise B.go to a gym C.walk or ride a bike D.get up early every day 8.Which way of making contact with nature is NOT mentioned according to the passage? A.Walking in the forests. B.Walking in the garden. C.Hiking in the mountains. D.Hanging out in the park. 9.The underlined word “delighted” means “　________　”. A.happy B.excited C.nervous D.energetic 10.What's the main idea of the text? A.Walking in the garden makes you get exercise. B.Contacting with nature is good for your health. C.The two ways of dealing with stress are useful for us. D.Both getting exercise and contacting with nature are not good. [语篇解读]　这篇文章讲的是在当今社会我们会面临很多压力，如何处理这些压力，作者认为最好的方式是锻炼和亲近自然。 6.D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，亲近自然对我们的身心有益。] 7.C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知。] 8.D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第四句的描述可知。] 9.A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句可知，你可以享受绿色植物的味道和风景然后让你感到高兴。] 10.C　[主旨大意题。这篇文章讲的是在当今社会我们会面临很多压力，如何处理这些压力，作者认为最好的方式是锻炼和亲近自然。] Ⅳ.书面表达 当前环境污染越来越严重，但我们只有一个地球，地球是我们生存的家园，作为中学生我们要采取积极的措施来保护好我们的地球。请根据下面提示写一篇保护环境的文章。 原因： 1.砍伐树木，工厂排放废水与废气； 2.……(你补充) 引起后果： 1.土地沙化、河流污染； 2.……(你补充) 应对措施： 1.种树，阻止工厂乱排废气、废水， 2.……(你的2—3条建议) 注意： 词数80～120。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] As we know，our environment is worse and worse.There are many reasons.People cut down too many trees.Factories pour waste water，which has caused some serious problems.For example，the land is sandy，the river is polluted.Also，there are too many cars in the street.The air is polluted and less chean than before. What shall we do to save the earth？To begin with，we should plant more trees and stop factories pouring waste water.What's more，when we go out，we can take buses instead of taking cars. As a student，at school we can use both sides of paper.At home we can also use used water to water flowers. We have only one earth，and we should do everything to protect it. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Section 4 Language Practice—Grammar UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 语法 探究突破 01 课后 素养提升 02 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 下一页 上一页 返回导航 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 3 Doing Our Part for the Environment 英语拓展模块（GJ） 代词 代词的分类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词等。 1.人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称，分为主格和宾格两种形式。 (1)主格用来作句子的主语、表语。 I often go shopping on Sundays. 星期天我常去购物。 Are they from Brazil? 他们是巴西人吗？ Where have they gone? 他们上哪儿去了？ (2)宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。 Who teaches you English this year? 今年谁教你们的英语？ We often write letters to her. 我们常给他写信。 (3)人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时，可以用主格形式，也可以用宾格形式，口语中大多用宾格。 —It's I/me.——是我。 (4)三个不同人称同时出现，或者主语中包含“我”时，按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。 Both he and I are working at that computer company. 我和他都在那家电脑公司上班。 —Who will go there？——谁要去那儿？ —You and me.——你和我。 (5)人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外，还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义，此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用，替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。 It's a long way to go. 那可要走好长的路。 It took him three days to clean his house. 打扫屋子花了他三天的时间。 It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space. 很显然，公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空。 2.物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词，分为形容词性和名词性两种。 (1)形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语，后面要跟名词。 Is that your umbrella? 那是你的伞吗？ I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. 我经常在星期天去看望我的阿姨。 (2)名词性物主代词相当于名词，既代替事物又表明所属关系，在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语，后面千万不可以跟名词。 This is your cup，but where is mine? 这是你的杯子，可我的在哪儿？ Your classroom is very big，but ours is rather small. 你们的教室很大，我们的相当小。 3.反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。 (1)反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。 Don't play with the knife，you might hurt yourself. 不要玩刀子，那会割伤你的。 (2)在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。 The story itself is good.Only he didn't tell it well. 故事本身是好的，只是他没有讲好。 4.指示代词：指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。 指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语，也可以作定语修饰名词。 That model plane is made of plastic. 那只模型飞机是塑料做的。 Remember never to do such things. 记得永远不要做这样的事情。 Do the same as the teacher tells you. 按老师说的做。 5.关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词。 关系代词who，which，that，whom，whose，as等，将定语从句和主句连接起来。 英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分，另一方面又起连接作用。 The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One. 正在画画的学生是一年级的。 Have you found the book which you lost several days ago? 你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗？ Can you see the man that is running along the river bank? 你看得见顺着河跑的男人了吗？ 6.连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。 英语中连接代词主要有：what，who，whom，which，whose等。 7.疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。 who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中，一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语，但在介词后则只能用whom。 Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party? 你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的？ What does she want to be when she grows up? 她长大了想干什么？ 8.不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。 复合不定代词有12个：something(某事)，someone(某人)，somebody(某人)，anything(任何事)，anyone(任何人)，anybody(任何人)，nothing(没事)，nobody(没有人)，no one(没有人)，everything(一切)，everyone(每个人)，everybody(每个人)等。 9.相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。 each other，one another是相互代词，译成“互相”，可以通用。each other表示两者之间，而one another表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each other's，one another's。 We must help each other when we are in trouble. 我们身处困境时要互相帮助。 They sat there without talking to one another/each other. 他们坐在那儿，互相都不说话。 1.Tom，please pass 　________　 the glasses.I want to read the newspapers. A.you B.me C.him D.her 2.The English novel is quite easy for you.There are 　________　 new words in it. A.a little B.little C.a few D.few 3.—You want 　________　 sandwich? —Yes，I usually eat a lot when I'm hungry. A.other B.another C.others D.the other 4.The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS.They think more of others than 　________　. A.they B.them C.themselves D.theirs 5.—Which do you prefer，a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? — 　________　，thanks.I'd like a cup of tea. A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 6.—Oh！I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. —Never mind.You can have 　________　. A.us B.ours C.you D.yours 7.—Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? —　________　 is OK.I'm free today and tomorrow. A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 8.—How are you going to improve 　________　 this term? —Work harder than last term. A.ourselves B.myself C.himself D.yourself 9.—Could you tell me 　________　 she is looking for? —Her cousin，Susan. A.that B.whose C.who D.which 10.—Is 　________　 here? —No.Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A.everybody B.somebody C.anybody D.nobody 答案：1－5　BDBCB　6－10　 BADCA 形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词和副词有三个比较等级：原级、比较级和最高级。从形式上来说，原级就是形容词或副词本身，那么怎样构成形容词和副词的比较级和最高级呢？ 1.一般情况下，后面加­er构成其比较级，加­est构成其最高级。 long—longer—longest；strong—stronger—strongest 2.以不发音的e字母结尾的词，直接加­r构成比较级，加­st构成最高级。 nice—nicer—nicest；fine—finer—finest; large—larger—largest 3.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，须先变y为i，再加­er构成比较级，加­est构成最高级。 heavy—heavier—heaviest；pretty—prettier—prettiest 4.以由“一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”构成的重读闭音节结尾的词，双写该辅音字母，加­er构成比较级，加­est构成最高级。 big—bigger—biggest；thin—thinner—thinnest 5.部分双音节词和多音节词前面加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。 outgoing—more outgoing—most outgoing important—more important—most important 6.不规则变化： many/much—more—most；good/well—better—best bad/badly/ill—worse—worst；far—farther/further—farthest/furthest； old—older/elder—oldest/eldest；little(少)—less—least (一)原级的用法 1.肯定句：as＋原级形容词＋as A man is only as good as what he loves. 一个人要用他所爱的东西有多好来衡量。 Attitude is just as important as ability. 态度和能力一样重要。 She was as good as she was beautiful. 她不仅外表美而且心灵也美。 2.否定句：not＋so/as＋原级形容词＋as Life is not always as good as we imagined，but also not as bad as we imagined. 生活永远不像我们想象的那样好，但也不会像我们想象的那么坏。 常见的固定搭配： as/so long as 只要；as far as sth.is concerned 就……而言；as soon as 一……就……；as well as 和……一样好 So long as there are men there will be wars. 只要有人类，就会有战争。 Business makes a man as well as tries him. 事业既考验人，也造就人。 (二)比较级的用法 1.比较级＋than Two heads are better than one. 集思广益。 Lost years are worse than lost dollars. 一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。 Experience without learning is better than learning without experience. 有经验而无学问，胜于有学问而无经验。 2.比较级前面可以用far，even，much，rather，slightly，still，a little，a bit，a great deal，a lot，by far，twice，three times，any (用于否定句或疑问句)等修饰，表示程度。 Gold is precious，however，vigorous and heroic patriots are much more precious than gold. 黄金是宝贵的，但是生机蓬勃勇敢的爱国者却比黄金更为宝贵。 3.“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”结构意为“越……，越……” The older，the wiser. 姜还是老的辣。 The more a man learns，the more he sees his ignorance. 一个人学得的知识越多，他就越能发现自己的无知。 The greater a man is，the less he is disposed to show his greatness. 一个人愈伟大，愈不喜欢显露他的伟大。 4.“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构意为“越来越……” Our country is becoming more and more powerful. 我们的国家变得越来越强大。 5.当有of短语表范围时，比较级前面需加the。 Of the two brothers，Jim is the taller. 兄弟俩当中吉姆较高。 比较的对象不能相互包容，常见的句型如下： 比较级＋than＋ any other ＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋ all the other ＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋ anyone else 比较级＋than＋ any of the other ＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋ the rest of ＋ 复数名词或不可数名词 Ants are more diligent than any other animal，but they always keep silence. 没有任何动物比蚂蚁更为勤奋，但他们从不自夸。 6.英语中有一些含比较意义的形容词，后面不用than，而要用to。如 junior(年幼)，senior(年长)，superior(优于)，prior(先于)，previous(先前的)等。 My brother is senior to me by two years. 家兄比我年长两岁。 比较状语从句中的谓语部分可以省略，只保留主语，也可保留助动词、be或have等，或将它们移到主语之前。 (三)最高级的用法 the ＋ 最高级 ＋范围(of/in短语) The best hearts are always the bravest. 心灵最高尚的人也总是最勇敢的人。 Suffering is the most powerful teacher of life. 苦难是人生最伟大的老师。 A contented mind is the greatest blessing a man can enjoy in this world. 知足是人生在世最大的幸事。 The greatest test of courage on earth is to bear defeat without losing heart. 世界上对勇气的最大考验是忍受失败而不丧失信心。 one of/among ＋the ＋最高级＋复数名词 Horse­racing is one of the most popular sports in Great Britain. 赛马是英国最盛行的运动项目之一。 the ＋序数词＋最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 否定词语用在原级或比较级结构中有时可以表示最高级的意义。 Nothing is more important than health. 没有什么比健康更重要。 Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 1.My brother is two years 　older　 (old)than me. 2.Tom is as 　fat　 (fat) as Jim. 3.Is your sister 　younger　 (young) than you? Yes，she is. 4.Who is 　thinner　 (thin)，you or Helen？Helen is. 5.Whose pencil­box is 　bigger　 (big)，yours or hers？Hers is. 6.Mary's hair is as 　long　 (long) as Lucy's. 7.Ben jumps 　higher　 (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8.Does Nancy sing 　better　 (well) than Helen？Yes，she does. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.The white shirt is as 　________　 as the yellow one. A.cheap　　　　　　　 B.cheaper C.cheapest D.the cheapest 2.You know 　________　 about it than Tom does. A.even little B.even less C.more little D.more less 3.This garden is 　________　 that one. A.ten times as long as B.ten times as longer as C.as ten times long as D.as long as ten times 4.The earth is getting 　________　. A.warm and warmer B.warmer and warm C.warmer and warmer D.warm and warm 5.Which one is 　________　，football or basketball? A.more popular B.popular C.popularer D.much popular 6.This kind of drink is different 　________　. A.and it is also better B.and better than the other C.but also than others D.from the other，and better 7.She looks 　________　 than she really is. A.the more younger B.much younger C.very younger D.more younger 8.Our country is becoming 　________　. A.more beautiful and more B.more beautiful and beautiful C.more and more beautiful D.more beautiful and beautifuler 9.Of the two Australian students，Masha is 　________　 one.I think you can find her easily. A.tallest B.the taller C.taller D.the tallest 10.In our city，it's 　________　 in July，but it is even 　________　 in August. A.hotter，hottest B.hot，hot C.hotter，hot D.hot，hotter 答案：1－5　ABACA　6－10　DBCBD $$ Section 4　Language Practice—Grammar 代词 代词的分类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词等。 1.人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称，分为主格和宾格两种形式。 (1)主格用来作句子的主语、表语。 I often go shopping on Sundays. 星期天我常去购物。 Are they from Brazil? 他们是巴西人吗？ Where have they gone? 他们上哪儿去了？ (2)宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。 Who teaches you English this year? 今年谁教你们的英语？ We often write letters to her. 我们常给他写信。 (3)人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时，可以用主格形式，也可以用宾格形式，口语中大多用宾格。 —It's I/me.——是我。 (4)三个不同人称同时出现，或者主语中包含“我”时，按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。 Both he and I are working at that computer company. 我和他都在那家电脑公司上班。 —Who will go there？——谁要去那儿？ —You and me.——你和我。 (5)人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外，还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义，此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用，替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。 It's a long way to go. 那可要走好长的路。 It took him three days to clean his house. 打扫屋子花了他三天的时间。 It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space. 很显然，公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空。 2.物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词，分为形容词性和名词性两种。 (1)形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语，后面要跟名词。 Is that your umbrella? 那是你的伞吗？ I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. 我经常在星期天去看望我的阿姨。 (2)名词性物主代词相当于名词，既代替事物又表明所属关系，在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语，后面千万不可以跟名词。 This is your cup，but where is mine? 这是你的杯子，可我的在哪儿？ Your classroom is very big，but ours is rather small. 你们的教室很大，我们的相当小。 3.反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。 (1)反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。 Don't play with the knife，you might hurt yourself. 不要玩刀子，那会割伤你的。 (2)在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。 The story itself is good.Only he didn't tell it well. 故事本身是好的，只是他没有讲好。 4.指示代词：指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。 指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语，也可以作定语修饰名词。 That model plane is made of plastic. 那只模型飞机是塑料做的。 Remember never to do such things. 记得永远不要做这样的事情。 Do the same as the teacher tells you. 按老师说的做。 5.关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词。 关系代词who，which，that，whom，whose，as等，将定语从句和主句连接起来。 英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分，另一方面又起连接作用。 The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One. 正在画画的学生是一年级的。 Have you found the book which you lost several days ago? 你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗？ Can you see the man that is running along the river bank? 你看得见顺着河跑的男人了吗？ 6.连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。 英语中连接代词主要有：what，who，whom，which，whose等。 7.疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。 who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中，一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语，但在介词后则只能用whom。 Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party? 你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的？ What does she want to be when she grows up? 她长大了想干什么？ 8.不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。 复合不定代词有12个：something(某事)，someone(某人)，somebody(某人)，anything(任何事)，anyone(任何人)，anybody(任何人)，nothing(没事)，nobody(没有人)，no one(没有人)，everything(一切)，everyone(每个人)，everybody(每个人)等。 9.相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。 each other，one another是相互代词，译成“互相”，可以通用。each other表示两者之间，而one another表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each other's，one another's。 We must help each other when we are in trouble. 我们身处困境时要互相帮助。 They sat there without talking to one another/each other. 他们坐在那儿，互相都不说话。 1.Tom，please pass 　________　 the glasses.I want to read the newspapers. A.you　　 B.me C.him　 　D.her 2.The English novel is quite easy for you.There are 　________　 new words in it. A.a little B.little C.a few D.few 3.—You want 　________　 sandwich? —Yes，I usually eat a lot when I'm hungry. A.other B.another C.others D.the other 4.The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS.They think more of others than 　________　. A.they B.them C.themselves D.theirs 5.—Which do you prefer，a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? — 　________　，thanks.I'd like a cup of tea. A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 6.—Oh！I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. —Never mind.You can have 　________　. A.us B.ours C.you D.yours 7.—Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? —　________　 is OK.I'm free today and tomorrow. A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 8.—How are you going to improve 　________　 this term? —Work harder than last term. A.ourselves B.myself C.himself D.yourself 9.—Could you tell me 　________　 she is looking for? —Her cousin，Susan. A.that B.whose C.who D.which 10.—Is 　________　 here? —No.Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A.everybody B.somebody C.anybody D.nobody 答案：1－5　BDBCB　6－10　 BADCA 形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词和副词有三个比较等级：原级、比较级和最高级。从形式上来说，原级就是形容词或副词本身，那么怎样构成形容词和副词的比较级和最高级呢？ 1.一般情况下，后面加­er构成其比较级，加­est构成其最高级。 long—longer—longest；strong—stronger—strongest 2.以不发音的e字母结尾的词，直接加­r构成比较级，加­st构成最高级。 nice—nicer—nicest；fine—finer—finest; large—larger—largest 3.以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，须先变y为i，再加­er构成比较级，加­est构成最高级。 heavy—heavier—heaviest；pretty—prettier—prettiest 4.以由“一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”构成的重读闭音节结尾的词，双写该辅音字母，加­er构成比较级，加­est构成最高级。 big—bigger—biggest；thin—thinner—thinnest 5.部分双音节词和多音节词前面加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。 outgoing—more outgoing—most outgoing important—more important—most important 6.不规则变化： many/much—more—most；good/well—better—best bad/badly/ill—worse—worst；far—farther/further—farthest/furthest； old—older/elder—oldest/eldest；little(少)—less—least (一)原级的用法 1.肯定句：as＋原级形容词＋as A man is only as good as what he loves. 一个人要用他所爱的东西有多好来衡量。 Attitude is just as important as ability. 态度和能力一样重要。 She was as good as she was beautiful. 她不仅外表美而且心灵也美。 2.否定句：not＋so/as＋原级形容词＋as Life is not always as good as we imagined，but also not as bad as we imagined. 生活永远不像我们想象的那样好，但也不会像我们想象的那么坏。 常见的固定搭配： as/so long as 只要；as far as sth.is concerned 就……而言；as soon as 一……就……；as well as 和……一样好 So long as there are men there will be wars. 只要有人类，就会有战争。 Business makes a man as well as tries him. 事业既考验人，也造就人。 (二)比较级的用法 1.比较级＋than Two heads are better than one. 集思广益。 Lost years are worse than lost dollars. 一寸光阴一寸金，寸金难买寸光阴。 Experience without learning is better than learning without experience. 有经验而无学问，胜于有学问而无经验。 2.比较级前面可以用far，even，much，rather，slightly，still，a little，a bit，a great deal，a lot，by far，twice，three times，any (用于否定句或疑问句)等修饰，表示程度。 Gold is precious，however，vigorous and heroic patriots are much more precious than gold. 黄金是宝贵的，但是生机蓬勃勇敢的爱国者却比黄金更为宝贵。 3.“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”结构意为“越……，越……” The older，the wiser. 姜还是老的辣。 The more a man learns，the more he sees his ignorance. 一个人学得的知识越多，他就越能发现自己的无知。 The greater a man is，the less he is disposed to show his greatness. 一个人愈伟大，愈不喜欢显露他的伟大。 4.“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构意为“越来越……” Our country is becoming more and more powerful. 我们的国家变得越来越强大。 5.当有of短语表范围时，比较级前面需加the。 Of the two brothers，Jim is the taller. 兄弟俩当中吉姆较高。 比较的对象不能相互包容，常见的句型如下： 比较级＋than＋ any other ＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋ all the other ＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋ anyone else 比较级＋than＋ any of the other ＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋ the rest of ＋ 复数名词或不可数名词 Ants are more diligent than any other animal，but they always keep silence. 没有任何动物比蚂蚁更为勤奋，但他们从不自夸。 6.英语中有一些含比较意义的形容词，后面不用than，而要用to。如 junior(年幼)，senior(年长)，superior(优于)，prior(先于)，previous(先前的)等。 My brother is senior to me by two years. 家兄比我年长两岁。 比较状语从句中的谓语部分可以省略，只保留主语，也可保留助动词、be或have等，或将它们移到主语之前。 (三)最高级的用法 the ＋ 最高级 ＋范围(of/in短语) The best hearts are always the bravest. 心灵最高尚的人也总是最勇敢的人。 Suffering is the most powerful teacher of life. 苦难是人生最伟大的老师。 A contented mind is the greatest blessing a man can enjoy in this world. 知足是人生在世最大的幸事。 The greatest test of courage on earth is to bear defeat without losing heart. 世界上对勇气的最大考验是忍受失败而不丧失信心。 one of/among ＋the ＋最高级＋复数名词 Horse­racing is one of the most popular sports in Great Britain. 赛马是英国最盛行的运动项目之一。 the ＋序数词＋最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 否定词语用在原级或比较级结构中有时可以表示最高级的意义。 Nothing is more important than health. 没有什么比健康更重要。 Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 1.My brother is two years 　older　 (old)than me. 2.Tom is as 　fat　 (fat) as Jim. 3.Is your sister 　younger　 (young) than you? Yes，she is. 4.Who is 　thinner　 (thin)，you or Helen？Helen is. 5.Whose pencil­box is 　bigger　 (big)，yours or hers？Hers is. 6.Mary's hair is as 　long　 (long) as Lucy's. 7.Ben jumps 　higher　 (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8.Does Nancy sing 　better　 (well) than Helen？Yes，she does. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.The white shirt is as 　________　 as the yellow one. A.cheap　　　　　　　 B.cheaper C.cheapest D.the cheapest 2.You know 　________　 about it than Tom does. A.even little B.even less C.more little D.more less 3.This garden is 　________　 that one. A.ten times as long as B.ten times as longer as C.as ten times long as D.as long as ten times 4.The earth is getting 　________　. A.warm and warmer B.warmer and warm C.warmer and warmer D.warm and warm 5.Which one is 　________　，football or basketball? A.more popular B.popular C.popularer D.much popular 6.This kind of drink is different 　________　. A.and it is also better B.and better than the other C.but also than others D.from the other，and better 7.She looks 　________　 than she really is. A.the more younger B.much younger C.very younger D.more younger 8.Our country is becoming 　________　. A.more beautiful and more B.more beautiful and beautiful C.more and more beautiful D.more beautiful and beautifuler 9.Of the two Australian students，Masha is 　________　 one.I think you can find her easily. A.tallest B.the taller C.taller D.the tallest 10.In our city，it's 　________　 in July，but it is even 　________　 in August. A.hotter，hottest B.hot，hot C.hotter，hot D.hot，hotter 答案：1－5　ABACA　6－10　DBCBD Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的正确形式填空 1.This is not my dictionary.　Mine　 (I) is lent to Lucy. 2.The government has changed 　its　 (it) policy. 3.The little boy can dress 　himself　 (he) now. 4.Fangfang is not as　 tall　 (tall) as the other girls. 5.My eyes are 　bigger　 (big) than 　hers　 (she). 6.Which is 　heavier　 (heavy)，the elephant or the pig? 7.Who gets up 　earlier 　(early)，Tim or Tom? 8.I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are 　more meaningful　 (meaningful) things to do. 9.—These oranges are only a dollar. —Well，they are 　cheaper　 (cheap) than others，but they don't look as good. 10.The 　more　 (much) medicine I take，the worse I seem to feel. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.Paul has 　________　 friends except me，and sometimes he feels lonely. A.many　 B.some C.few D.more 2.If you want to book a round­trip ticket，you'll have to pay 　________　 $ 30. A.more B.other C.the other D.another 3.—Do you live by yourself，Mr Wang? —Yes.I have two sons.But 　________　 of them lives with me.They are now studying in America? A.neither B.both C.none D.either 4.—Have you sent your parents an e­mail telling them you arrived safe? —No. 　________　 of them can use a computer. A.None B.Both C.Neither D.All 5.Who taught 　________　 English last term？Was 　________　 Mr.Smith? A.you；it B.you；he C.your；it D.your；that 6.—That woman has a bag in her right hand.What's in her 　________　 hand? A.another B.other C.one D.the other 7.We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of 　________　. A.us B.our C.ours D.ourselves 8.—Is there a bus to the zoo? —I'm afraid there's 　________　 bus to the zoo. A.no B.any C.some D.none 9.You forgot your dictionary？You may have 　________　. A.me B.my C.mine D.myself 10.This is 　________　 classroom.Where is 　________　？ A.our；them B.us；they C.our；theirs D.ours；theirs 11.John is my 　________　 friend of all the classmates. A.good B.better C.best D.the best 12.E­mailing is much 　________　 than long­distance calling. A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapest D.the cheapest 13.Beijing is one of 　________　 cities in China. A.very beautiful B.much beautiful C.more beautiful D.the most beautiful 14.The Yellow River isn't so 　________　 as the Changjiang River. A.long B.longest C.longer D.the longest 15.The coat I bought last week is too big for me. I'd like to change it for a 　________　 one. A.small B.larger C.nicer D.smaller 答案：1－5　CDACA　6－10　BCACC 11－15　CBDAD Ⅲ.阅读理解 A My name is Sasha Olsen.I'm ten years old.Last summer，I visited Asia with my family.We went there by ship，and I saw so much trash (垃圾) in the ocean! I had never realized the seriousness of ocean pollution before.When we got back，I did a lot of research with my cousin.Finally，I told the people around me that it was about time we started taking care of our oceans.We couldn't keep watching sea animals die.This is how my “I Want My Ocean Back” movement was born. I've been cleaning up the beach in my town.I've also tried to bring more attention to ocean pollution.I wrote to the mayor (镇长) of my town.He gave me a chance to speak about the problem at a public meeting. I have had a lot of support from my family and friends.After I shared my thoughts online，I've received e­mails from kids all over the world.They all want to join me.This makes me really happy. Some people say I am too young to heal(治愈) the ocean，but I believe that together we kids can do something. Do you also want your ocean back? 1.Where did Sasha see so much trash? A.On the ship. B.In Asia. C.In her town. D.In the ocean on her way to Asia. 2.What's the aim of “I Want My Ocean Back”？ A.To visit Asia. B.To take care of the oceans. C.To keep watching sea animals die. D.To do a research about ocean pollution. 3.How did Sasha get the chance to talk about the ocean pollution at a public meeting? A.By cleaning up the beach. B.By bringing people more attention to ocean pollution. C.By writing to the mayor. D.By getting the support from her family and friends. 4.How did Sasha get support? A.By visiting Asia. B.By taking a ship. C.By sharing her thoughts online. D.By writing stories. 5.What do you think of Sasha? A.Interesting and happy. B.Amazing and exciting. C.Helpful and hard­working. D.Kind and generous. [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍作者努力保护海洋的故事。 1.D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...I visited Asia with my family.We went there by ship，and I saw so much trash (垃圾) in the ocean！”] 2.B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Finally，I told the people around me that it was about time we started taking care of our oceans.”] 3.C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wrote to the mayor of my town.He gave me a chance to speak about the problem at a public meeting.”] 4.C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After I shared my thoughts online，I've received emails from kids all over the world.”] 5.C　[推理判断题。通读全文可知，Sasha看到海洋中的垃圾后不懈努力，为保护海洋做出了自己的贡献，说明她非常愿意服务于社会，而且非常努力。] B In today's society，every day we may face some kinds of stress and difficulties from work，school or family.They can influence both our bodies and our minds.So learning how to deal with stress is very important for keeping healthy.Well，how do we reduce stress？In my opinion，the best ways are exercise and contacting with nature (亲近自然). For example，we don't have to go to a gym or spend much money on exercise.In fact，walking or riding to work is suitable for exercise.The second way of dealing with stress is to make contact with nature.You can take many ways，including walk­ ing in the forests，hiking in the mountains or walking in the garden.Nature is very great and if you can make contact with her，you can enjoy the smell and the sight (风景) of green plants and then let you feel 　delighted　. Some of these activities can let you get exercise，but also you can enjoy the beauty of your garden every day.So，take my advice and start now，if you meet some kinds of pressure in your work or study.Good luck! 6.Which is TRUE according to the passage? A.Stress only comes from school. B.Stress is only bad for our minds. C.Reducing (减少) stress is not an very important thing for us. D.Making contact with nature is one of the best ways of reducing stress. 7.If you want to exercise，you need to 　________　. A.spend money on exercise B.go to a gym C.walk or ride a bike D.get up early every day 8.Which way of making contact with nature is NOT mentioned according to the passage? A.Walking in the forests. B.Walking in the garden. C.Hiking in the mountains. D.Hanging out in the park. 9.The underlined word “delighted” means “　________　”. A.happy B.excited C.nervous D.energetic 10.What's the main idea of the text? A.Walking in the garden makes you get exercise. B.Contacting with nature is good for your health. C.The two ways of dealing with stress are useful for us. D.Both getting exercise and contacting with nature are not good. [语篇解读]　这篇文章讲的是在当今社会我们会面临很多压力，如何处理这些压力，作者认为最好的方式是锻炼和亲近自然。 6.D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，亲近自然对我们的身心有益。] 7.C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知。] 8.D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第四句的描述可知。] 9.A　[词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句可知，你可以享受绿色植物的味道和风景然后让你感到高兴。] 10.C　[主旨大意题。这篇文章讲的是在当今社会我们会面临很多压力，如何处理这些压力，作者认为最好的方式是锻炼和亲近自然。] Ⅳ.书面表达 当前环境污染越来越严重，但我们只有一个地球，地球是我们生存的家园，作为中学生我们要采取积极的措施来保护好我们的地球。请根据下面提示写一篇保护环境的文章。 原因： 1.砍伐树木，工厂排放废水与废气； 2.……(你补充) 引起后果： 1.土地沙化、河流污染； 2.……(你补充) 应对措施： 1.种树，阻止工厂乱排废气、废水， 2.……(你的2—3条建议) 注意： 词数80～120。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] As we know，our environment is worse and worse.There are many reasons.People cut down too many trees.Factories pour waste water，which has caused some serious problems.For example，the land is sandy，the river is polluted.Also，there are too many cars in the street.The air is polluted and less chean than before. What shall we do to save the earth？To begin with，we should plant more trees and stop factories pouring waste water.What's more，when we go out，we can take buses instead of taking cars. As a student，at school we can use both sides of paper.At home we can also use used water to water flowers. We have only one earth，and we should do everything to protect it. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$