Unit 2 Section 4 Language Practice-Grammar（PPT课件+Word版）-【创新教程】2025-2026学年中职英语拓展模块同步教案（高教版2023）

Section 4　Language Practice—Grammar 时态 英语八大时态是一般现在时、一般将来时、过去将来时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在进行时。 一、一般现在时 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：always，usually，often，sometimes，every week (day，year，month...)，once a week，on Sundays，etc. I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 二、一般过去时 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago，yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week(year，night，month...)，in 1989，just now，at the age of 5，one day，long long ago，once upon a time，etc. Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ When I was a child，I often played football in the street. 当我是个孩子的时候，常在街道上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit，they were given a warm welcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。 三、现在进行时 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now，at this time，these days，etc. We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。 Mr.Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。 The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。 四、过去进行时 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday，at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ She was doing her homework then. 那个时候她正在写作业。 When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 五、现在完成时 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：recently，lately，since...，for...，in the past few years，etc. I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。 Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我住在这儿二十多年了。 六、过去完成时 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即 “过去的过去”。 时间状语：before，by the end of last year(term，month)... She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她从未去过巴黎。 When the police arrived，the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。 We had hoped that you would come，but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。 七、一般将来时 概念：表示将要发生的动作，或存在的状态及打算，计划或准备做某事。 时间状语：tomorrow，next day，soon，in a few minutes... They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去参观工厂。 Today is Saturday.Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是(将)星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。 Look！There come the dark clouds.It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。 八、过去将来时 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语：the next day，the following month He said he would come to see me. 他说他要来看我。 She said she was going to start off at once. 她说她将立即出发。 It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来好像要下雨。 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Columbus proved that the earth 　is　(be) round. 2.When Bill 　comes　(come)，ask him to wait for me. 3.You 　are　 always 　changing　(change) your mind. 4.My brother fell while he 　was riding　(ride) his bicycle and hurt himself. 5.When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun 　was shining　(shine). 6.He said the train 　was leaving　(leave) at six the next morning. 7.He had no sooner bought the car than he 　sold　(sell) it. 8.In the past few years，many schools　 have changed　 (change) the ways of doing morning exercises. 被动语态 一、主动语态和被动语态的概念 He opened the door.他打开了门。 以上例句是一个主动句，主语是动作的执行者/发出者。 The door was opened by him.门被打开了。 第二个例句是一个被动句，主语是动作的承受者 汉语中表示被动的词：被……/ 由……/ 受……/ 给……。 英语中表被动用：be＋过去分词构成 二、被动语态的结构及用法 1.被动语态的几种句型 肯定句：主语＋be＋及物动词的过去分词＋(by) My phone was made in China. 否定句：主语＋be not＋过去分词＋(by) My phone wasn't made in China. 一般疑问句：Be＋主语＋过去分词＋(by)? Was your phone made in China? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋be＋主语＋过去分词＋(by)? Where was your phone made? 2.不同时态中的被动语态 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done Rice is grown in the south of the country. 水稻在国家的南方种植。 一般过去时 was/were＋done The door was closed by him. 门被他锁上了。 含有情 态动词 情态动词＋be＋done Your room must be cleaned every day. 你的房间必须每天打扫。 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋done The rooms are being painted. 房间正在被油漆。 过去进行时 was/were＋being＋done Trees were being planted here this time last year. 去年这个时间很多树被种植在这里。 一般将来时 will be＋done A building will be built near here. 一座大楼将在这附近建设。 现在完成时 have/has＋been＋done I have been told the sports meeting might be put off. 我被告知运动会可能被推迟。 过去完成时 had been ＋done He had been considered to be a great leader. 他被认为是一位伟大的领袖。 3.被动语态的用法 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。 The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的) They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的) 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。 These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“这些书”) 三、主动语态变被动语态 1.一般情况下主动语态变被动语态 主动句：He closed the door. 变被动句：The door was closed by him. 口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done，时不变，数格必须随被变。 2.主动语态中若有双宾语 Vivian gave me a book.双宾语(me是间宾，book是直宾) →I was given a book by Vivian. 间接宾语提前 →A book was given to me by Vivian. 直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词 动词make/buy/get用for；动词give/send/lend/take用to。 3. “感使动词”(feel，hear，listen to，let，have，make，see，watch，notice，look at)真奇怪，主动结构“to”走开，被动结构又请来，十个动词要记牢，不会被它再难倒。 We saw him play football on the playground. 我们看见他在操场上打篮球。 变被动：He was seen to play football on the playground. 他被我们看到在操场上打篮球。 四、主动形式表被动意义 1.系动词没有被动语态，如feel，sound，taste，look，become，fall，get，grow，keep，remain，seem，smell，stay，turn等。 Your idea sounds good. 你的主意听起来蛮好的。 You look beautiful. 你看起来美美的。 2.在need，require，want，be worth，deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。 The TV needs repairing. ＝ The TV needs to be repaired. 电视需要修理。 3.一般说来，不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能使用被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，end(vi.结束)，fail，happen，last，lie，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silence，lose heart，take place，occur等。 A car accident happened in the street. 一场车祸发生在街上。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的故乡发生了巨变。 4.在某些形容词后面，当不定式表达的情况与它前面的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动式表示被动意义。 She has an important meeting to attend. 她有一个重要的会议要参加。 五、易错点总结(常考点) 1.在时间、条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。 If I am given enough time，I will do it better. 给我足够的时间，我会做得更好。 2.固定结构中的介词或副词在被动结构中不可省去。 Such a bad habit should be got rid of. 这样的坏习惯应该改掉。(of 不可以省去的) 3.有些动词如：write，read，sell，wash，open等当强调动作执行情况时，有被动语态；当用作不及物动词来说明主语本身所具有的特征时，无被动语态。 The computers were sold out，because they sell well. 电脑被卖光了，因为它们卖得好。 The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。 4.在“too...to...”结构和形容词 enough to do结构中，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The problem is too difficult to work out. 这个问题太难解决了。 5.常见的被动语态的句型搭配 It is said that...据说…… It is reported that ...据报道…… It is supposed that...据推测…… It is hoped that ...希望…… It is well known that ...众所周知…… It is generally considered that ...普遍认为…… It is suggested that...有人建议…… 1.A red sky in the morning 　________　 to be a sign of bad weather. A.says　　　　 B.is saying C.is said D.is being said 2.The book 　________　 for anyone who wants to learn more about the Internet. A.is intended B.has intended C.is intending D.will intend 3.The swimmer hung on to the rope and 　________　 to safety. A.is pulled B.has pulled C.was pulled D.was pulling 4.Einstein 　________　 the Nobel Prize for his contribution to Quantum Theory. A.is awarded B.has awarded C.was awarded D.was awarding 5.I can't turn a blind eye when someone 　________　. A.has robbed B.was robbed C.was robbing D.is being robbed 6.No decision 　________　 until next year，so you'll just have to wait and see. A.have made B.are made C.will make D.will be made 7.Candidates who are successful in the written test 　________　 for an interview. A.have invited B.have been invited C.will invite D.will be invited 8.No­one knows how many people 　________　 since the war began. A.have killed B.have been killed C.killed D.were killed 9.She has written two novels，both of which 　________　 into television series. A.have made B.have been made C.had made D.had been made 10.Blood is the medium in which oxygen 　________　 to all parts of the body. A.is carried B.has carried C.is carrying D.will carry 答案：1－5　CACCD　6－10　DDBBA Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.The students want to know whether they 　will have　(have) dictation today. 2.Linda said the moon 　travels　 (travel) round the earth. 3.I didn't know you 　were　 (be) so busy. 4.We will stay at home if my aunt 　comes　(come) to visit us tomorrow. 5.I 　was coming　 (come) to your party last night，but I had to attend to granny in hospital. 6.—Let's discuss the question raised last night，shall we? —There is no hurry for that.Besides，I 　am heading　 (head) for a conference. 7.You shouldn't leave school before you 　have finished　 (finish) your assignments. 8.Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement 　has been reached　 (reach) so far by the two sides. 9.By the end of yesterday，we 　had received　 (receive) over 1,000 letters from all over the world. 10.We 　had intended　 (intend) to come to the party，but I was too busy. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.If the package 　________　 well，we assume the contents are also wonderful. A.is wrapped　　　 B.has wrapped C.is wrapping D.will wrap 2.Both hydrogen and oxygen are elements，but water，which 　________　 when they combine，is not. A.is formed B.has formed C.is forming D.will form 3.They ought to have arrived at lunchtime but the flight 　________　. A.is delayed B.has delayed C.was delayed D.was delaying 4.The crunch came when she 　________　 to choose between her marriage and her career. A.is forced B.has forced C.was forced D.was forcing 5.The dealer will provide you with a courtesy car while your vehicle 　________　. A.has repaired B.was repaired C.is being repaired D.was been repaired 6.He apologized to the people who 　________　. A.affected B.has affected C.have been affected D.had been affected 7.There is every chance that more jobs 　________　 later this year. A.will lose B.will be lost C.have lost D.have been lost 8.There's still a ray of hope that the missing child 　________　 alive. A.was found B.have found C.will find D.will be found 9.Due to the recent high cost of borrowing，many companies 　________　 to close. A.had forced B.had been forced C.have forced D.have been forced 10.Once the goods 　________　 for they will be delivered at your convenience. A.have paid B.have been paid C.will pay D.will been paid 答案：1－5　AACCC　6－10　DBDDB Ⅲ.阅读理解 A When I was a little kid，I would always dance when I heard music.So my mom sent me to a dance class when I was seven years old.At that time，I didn't realize I had such a flexible (柔韧的) body.When pressing legs with others，I realized I didn't feel any pain.From then on，I started to take dance seriously. I've been dancing for 18 years now.It's quite a long time.Dance is a dream for me，because when I was a kid I thought one day I would shine on the stage and let everyone remember me. I have actually cried too many times because of dance.Once I went for a competition during college，and if I had held until the end，I would have gotten a good result.However，I fell down，breaking a leg by accident.It hurt so much and I couldn't help crying even after the operation (手术).I was in tears almost every day after that，not only because of the pain，but also I felt I couldn't dance anymore.Dance has been a belief (信仰) of mine.I couldn't imagine what life would be if I lost it.Luckily，I 　recovered　 day by day. For all these years，I have gone through so much to reach today's achievements step by step，because there's a belief that supports me.I think dance is not just a job for me.It's a part of my life—whether it is now or in the future.One can't live without one dream that one can stick (坚持) to. 1.What do we know from Paragraph 1? A.The writer was afraid of pressing legs. B.The writer hates music. C.The writer is gifted in dancing. D.The writer often took music classes. 2.How old is the writer now? A.7 years old.　　　　 B.11 years old. C.18 years old. D.25 years old. 3.Why didn't the writer hold until the end in the competition? A.Because she was busy with study. B.Because one of her legs was broken. C.Because she was too tired. D.Because she had gotten enough prizes. 4.The underlined word “recovered” in Paragraph 3 probably means “　________　” in Chinese. A.受伤　 B.进步 C.长大　 　D.恢复 5.What can we learn from the passage? A.Dreams are necessary for everyone. B.Competitions are dangerous for dancers. C.Crying is a way of facing with difficulties. D.Dance should be learned as early as possible. [语篇解读]　作者在文中表达了自己对舞蹈的热爱，并以自身经历告诉我们，人不能没有梦想。 1.C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When I was a little kid，I would always dance when I heard music.”和“At that time，I didn't realize I had such a flexible body.When pressing legs with others，I realized I didn't feel any pain.”可知，作者从小就喜欢随着音乐舞动，而且身体柔韧性很好，练功压腿时不会感到疼痛。由此可推知，作者很有舞蹈天赋。] 2.D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“So my mom sent me to a dance class when I was seven years old...From then on，I started to take dance seriously.”可知，作者7岁开始练舞；结合第二段第一句“I've been dancing for 18 years now.”可知，作者如今练舞已有18年了，由此可知，她现在25岁。] 3.B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However，I fell down，breaking a leg by accident.”可知，作者在比赛中没能坚持到最后是因为她意外跌倒，一条腿摔骨折了。] 4.D　[词义猜测题。根据上文内容可知，作者在比赛中意外把一条腿摔骨折了，她很担心以后跳不了舞了。结合语境及画线词前的Luckily可推知，此处指她的腿日渐恢复了。recover意为“恢复”。] 5.A　[主旨大意题。结合作者的经历和文章最后一句“One can't live without one dream that one can stick to.”可知，作者认为一个人不能没有为之坚持的梦想，由此可知，梦想对于每个人来说都是必要的。] B For “The Book Lady” Jennifer，her love of reading started early.As she and her sisters and brothers grew up，their librarian (图书管理员) mother read books to them often，“She read to us every day until we went off to college，” Jennifer said. After graduation (毕业)，Jennifer worked at an elementary school.She took her love of reading into her classroom.However，she realized that not all families could get books for kids. So she started collecting books.In 2017，as a volunteer of an event called Engage Danville，she collected and gave away 900 books in three days.Friends heard about her story and started offering books to her.But she wanted to do more.“I decided I was going to try to give away 1,000,000 books.” Jennifer said. Jennifer gave her 63,300th book to children at Chatham Elementary School.The teacher Carter at the school said some families didn't have extra (额外的) money to buy books for their children.“And I think it gives every child a good chance to have a book of their own，” said Carter，whose love of reading began as a small child. Even though locals call her “The Book Lady”，Jennifer said she doesn't do it all by herself.Many people have given books or money to the event.If her book giveaway (馈赠活动) keeps going at the same rate(速度)as it has the past few years，she will reach her goal by age 92.She's hopeful that she'll give away the 1,000,000th book soon.“I'm willing to work at it and keep going，”said Jennifer. 6.Who helped Jennifer develop the hobby of reading? A.Her brothers.　 B.Her sisters. C.Her father. D.Her mother. 7.What did Jennifer work as after graduation? A.A librarian. B.A teacher. C.A bookseller. D.A bookstore owner. 8.What can we know about Jennifer and Carter? A.They have been best friends for years. B.They once worked at the same elementary school. C.They have been fond of reading since they were young. D.They both gave away books to kids from poor families. 9.What does Jennifer plan to do according to the passage? A.Give away more books to children. B.Try to live to the age of 92. C.Ask more friends to help her. D.Sell more than 1,000,000 books. 10.What is the best title for the passage? A.Are you ready to take part in Engage Danville? B.A young teacher helps many kids fall in love with reading C.How can children from poor families get a chance to read? D.“The Book Lady” plans to give away one million books to kids [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了“图书女士”Jennifer的故事。在母亲的影响下，Jennifer从小就爱读书，长大后，她发现不是所有的孩子都有书读，因此她开始为贫困儿童募集图书。 6.D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...her love of reading started early.As she and her sisters and brothers grew up，their librarian mother read books to them often.”可知，Jennifer的母亲经常读书给她听，所以在母亲的影响下，她养成了读书的爱好。] 7.B　[推理判断题。根据第二段前两句“After graduation，Jennifer worked at an elementary school.She took her love of reading into her classroom.”可知，毕业后，Jennifer在一所小学工作，把她对书的热爱带入了课堂。由此可推知，Jennifer毕业后做了老师。] 8.C　[细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Jennifer很早就喜欢读书，在她和兄弟姐妹成长的过程中，母亲经常给他们读书；再结合第四段最后一句中的“Carter，whose love of reading began as a small child”可知，Carter对阅读的热爱从孩提时代就开始了，故Jennifer和Carter都从小就喜欢读书。] 9.A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She's hopeful that she'll give away the 1,000,000th book soon.‘I'm willing to work at it and keep going，’said Jennifer.”可知，Jennifer有信心能在92岁之前送出第一百万本书，她愿意继续努力，继续前进。由此可知，Jennifer要继续为孩子们捐赠图书。] 10.D　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Jennifer在母亲的影响下从小就喜欢读书，后来，她发现并不是每个孩子都能有书读，因此，她开始收集图书，把它们送给当地的孩子们，并下定决心要在大家的帮助下送出一百万本书，她也因自己送书的善举被当地人称为“图书女士”，故D项“‘图书女士’计划给孩子们赠送一百万本书”最适合作本文的标题。] Ⅳ.书面表达 你在学校学习了哪些科目，列举出来，并谈一谈：你最喜欢的学科是什么，你认为什么学科最有趣，什么学科最枯燥(dull)，什么学科最难，什么学科最重要和最有用？ 要求：1.围绕此话题，适当展开。结构完整，语言流畅，语法准确。 2.词数80～120。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] We study many subjects at school，such as Chinese，maths，English，physics，biology and so on.Of all these subjects，I like English best，because it is very interesting and I can learn more about foreign countries.Besides，we can use English to communicate with people from other countries.I think physics is difficult and boring.I don't like to study it but I have to.For our students，it is necessary to learn all the subjects well.So we must study hard at every subject.In this way，we can get good grades. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.The students want to know whether they 　will have　(have) dictation today. 2.Linda said the moon 　travels　 (travel) round the earth. 3.I didn't know you 　were　 (be) so busy. 4.We will stay at home if my aunt 　comes　(come) to visit us tomorrow. 5.I 　was coming　 (come) to your party last night，but I had to attend to granny in hospital. 6.—Let's discuss the question raised last night，shall we? —There is no hurry for that.Besides，I 　am heading　 (head) for a conference. 7.You shouldn't leave school before you 　have finished　 (finish) your assignments. 8.Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement 　has been reached　 (reach) so far by the two sides. 9.By the end of yesterday，we 　had received　 (receive) over 1,000 letters from all over the world. 10.We 　had intended　 (intend) to come to the party，but I was too busy. Ⅱ.单项选择 1.If the package 　________　 well，we assume the contents are also wonderful. A.is wrapped　　　 B.has wrapped C.is wrapping D.will wrap 2.Both hydrogen and oxygen are elements，but water，which 　________　 when they combine，is not. A.is formed B.has formed C.is forming D.will form 3.They ought to have arrived at lunchtime but the flight 　________　. A.is delayed B.has delayed C.was delayed D.was delaying 4.The crunch came when she 　________　 to choose between her marriage and her career. A.is forced B.has forced C.was forced D.was forcing 5.The dealer will provide you with a courtesy car while your vehicle 　________　. A.has repaired B.was repaired C.is being repaired D.was been repaired 6.He apologized to the people who 　________　. A.affected B.has affected C.have been affected D.had been affected 7.There is every chance that more jobs 　________　 later this year. A.will lose B.will be lost C.have lost D.have been lost 8.There's still a ray of hope that the missing child 　________　 alive. A.was found B.have found C.will find D.will be found 9.Due to the recent high cost of borrowing，many companies 　________　 to close. A.had forced B.had been forced C.have forced D.have been forced 10.Once the goods 　________　 for they will be delivered at your convenience. A.have paid B.have been paid C.will pay D.will been paid 答案：1－5　AACCC　6－10　DBDDB Ⅲ.阅读理解 A When I was a little kid，I would always dance when I heard music.So my mom sent me to a dance class when I was seven years old.At that time，I didn't realize I had such a flexible (柔韧的) body.When pressing legs with others，I realized I didn't feel any pain.From then on，I started to take dance seriously. I've been dancing for 18 years now.It's quite a long time.Dance is a dream for me，because when I was a kid I thought one day I would shine on the stage and let everyone remember me. I have actually cried too many times because of dance.Once I went for a competition during college，and if I had held until the end，I would have gotten a good result.However，I fell down，breaking a leg by accident.It hurt so much and I couldn't help crying even after the operation (手术).I was in tears almost every day after that，not only because of the pain，but also I felt I couldn't dance anymore.Dance has been a belief (信仰) of mine.I couldn't imagine what life would be if I lost it.Luckily，I 　recovered　 day by day. For all these years，I have gone through so much to reach today's achievements step by step，because there's a belief that supports me.I think dance is not just a job for me.It's a part of my life—whether it is now or in the future.One can't live without one dream that one can stick (坚持) to. 1.What do we know from Paragraph 1? A.The writer was afraid of pressing legs. B.The writer hates music. C.The writer is gifted in dancing. D.The writer often took music classes. 2.How old is the writer now? A.7 years old.　　　　 B.11 years old. C.18 years old. D.25 years old. 3.Why didn't the writer hold until the end in the competition? A.Because she was busy with study. B.Because one of her legs was broken. C.Because she was too tired. D.Because she had gotten enough prizes. 4.The underlined word “recovered” in Paragraph 3 probably means “　________　” in Chinese. A.受伤　 B.进步 C.长大　 　D.恢复 5.What can we learn from the passage? A.Dreams are necessary for everyone. B.Competitions are dangerous for dancers. C.Crying is a way of facing with difficulties. D.Dance should be learned as early as possible. [语篇解读]　作者在文中表达了自己对舞蹈的热爱，并以自身经历告诉我们，人不能没有梦想。 1.C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When I was a little kid，I would always dance when I heard music.”和“At that time，I didn't realize I had such a flexible body.When pressing legs with others，I realized I didn't feel any pain.”可知，作者从小就喜欢随着音乐舞动，而且身体柔韧性很好，练功压腿时不会感到疼痛。由此可推知，作者很有舞蹈天赋。] 2.D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“So my mom sent me to a dance class when I was seven years old...From then on，I started to take dance seriously.”可知，作者7岁开始练舞；结合第二段第一句“I've been dancing for 18 years now.”可知，作者如今练舞已有18年了，由此可知，她现在25岁。] 3.B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However，I fell down，breaking a leg by accident.”可知，作者在比赛中没能坚持到最后是因为她意外跌倒，一条腿摔骨折了。] 4.D　[词义猜测题。根据上文内容可知，作者在比赛中意外把一条腿摔骨折了，她很担心以后跳不了舞了。结合语境及画线词前的Luckily可推知，此处指她的腿日渐恢复了。recover意为“恢复”。] 5.A　[主旨大意题。结合作者的经历和文章最后一句“One can't live without one dream that one can stick to.”可知，作者认为一个人不能没有为之坚持的梦想，由此可知，梦想对于每个人来说都是必要的。] B For “The Book Lady” Jennifer，her love of reading started early.As she and her sisters and brothers grew up，their librarian (图书管理员) mother read books to them often，“She read to us every day until we went off to college，” Jennifer said. After graduation (毕业)，Jennifer worked at an elementary school.She took her love of reading into her classroom.However，she realized that not all families could get books for kids. So she started collecting books.In 2017，as a volunteer of an event called Engage Danville，she collected and gave away 900 books in three days.Friends heard about her story and started offering books to her.But she wanted to do more.“I decided I was going to try to give away 1,000,000 books.” Jennifer said. Jennifer gave her 63,300th book to children at Chatham Elementary School.The teacher Carter at the school said some families didn't have extra (额外的) money to buy books for their children.“And I think it gives every child a good chance to have a book of their own，” said Carter，whose love of reading began as a small child. Even though locals call her “The Book Lady”，Jennifer said she doesn't do it all by herself.Many people have given books or money to the event.If her book giveaway (馈赠活动) keeps going at the same rate(速度)as it has the past few years，she will reach her goal by age 92.She's hopeful that she'll give away the 1,000,000th book soon.“I'm willing to work at it and keep going，”said Jennifer. 6.Who helped Jennifer develop the hobby of reading? A.Her brothers.　 B.Her sisters. C.Her father. D.Her mother. 7.What did Jennifer work as after graduation? A.A librarian. B.A teacher. C.A bookseller. D.A bookstore owner. 8.What can we know about Jennifer and Carter? A.They have been best friends for years. B.They once worked at the same elementary school. C.They have been fond of reading since they were young. D.They both gave away books to kids from poor families. 9.What does Jennifer plan to do according to the passage? A.Give away more books to children. B.Try to live to the age of 92. C.Ask more friends to help her. D.Sell more than 1,000,000 books. 10.What is the best title for the passage? A.Are you ready to take part in Engage Danville? B.A young teacher helps many kids fall in love with reading C.How can children from poor families get a chance to read? D.“The Book Lady” plans to give away one million books to kids [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了“图书女士”Jennifer的故事。在母亲的影响下，Jennifer从小就爱读书，长大后，她发现不是所有的孩子都有书读，因此她开始为贫困儿童募集图书。 6.D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...her love of reading started early.As she and her sisters and brothers grew up，their librarian mother read books to them often.”可知，Jennifer的母亲经常读书给她听，所以在母亲的影响下，她养成了读书的爱好。] 7.B　[推理判断题。根据第二段前两句“After graduation，Jennifer worked at an elementary school.She took her love of reading into her classroom.”可知，毕业后，Jennifer在一所小学工作，把她对书的热爱带入了课堂。由此可推知，Jennifer毕业后做了老师。] 8.C　[细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Jennifer很早就喜欢读书，在她和兄弟姐妹成长的过程中，母亲经常给他们读书；再结合第四段最后一句中的“Carter，whose love of reading began as a small child”可知，Carter对阅读的热爱从孩提时代就开始了，故Jennifer和Carter都从小就喜欢读书。] 9.A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She's hopeful that she'll give away the 1,000,000th book soon.‘I'm willing to work at it and keep going，’said Jennifer.”可知，Jennifer有信心能在92岁之前送出第一百万本书，她愿意继续努力，继续前进。由此可知，Jennifer要继续为孩子们捐赠图书。] 10.D　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Jennifer在母亲的影响下从小就喜欢读书，后来，她发现并不是每个孩子都能有书读，因此，她开始收集图书，把它们送给当地的孩子们，并下定决心要在大家的帮助下送出一百万本书，她也因自己送书的善举被当地人称为“图书女士”，故D项“‘图书女士’计划给孩子们赠送一百万本书”最适合作本文的标题。] Ⅳ.书面表达 你在学校学习了哪些科目，列举出来，并谈一谈：你最喜欢的学科是什么，你认为什么学科最有趣，什么学科最枯燥(dull)，什么学科最难，什么学科最重要和最有用？ 要求：1.围绕此话题，适当展开。结构完整，语言流畅，语法准确。 2.词数80～120。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] We study many subjects at school，such as Chinese，maths，English，physics，biology and so on.Of all these subjects，I like English best，because it is very interesting and I can learn more about foreign countries.Besides，we can use English to communicate with people from other countries.I think physics is difficult and boring.I don't like to study it but I have to.For our students，it is necessary to learn all the subjects well.So we must study hard at every subject.In this way，we can get good grades. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section 4 Language Practice—Grammar UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 语法 探究突破 01 课后 素养提升 02 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 语法 探究突破 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 下一页 上一页 返回导航 UNIT 2 Sharpening Your Skills 英语拓展模块（GJ） 时态 英语八大时态是一般现在时、一般将来时、过去将来时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在进行时。 一、一般现在时 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：always，usually，often，sometimes，every week (day，year，month...)，once a week，on Sundays，etc. I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 二、一般过去时 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago，yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week(year，night，month...)，in 1989，just now，at the age of 5，one day，long long ago，once upon a time，etc. Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ When I was a child，I often played football in the street. 当我是个孩子的时候，常在街道上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit，they were given a warm welcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。 三、现在进行时 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now，at this time，these days，etc. We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。 Mr.Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。 The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。 四、过去进行时 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday，at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ She was doing her homework then. 那个时候她正在写作业。 When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 五、现在完成时 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：recently，lately，since...，for...，in the past few years，etc. I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。 Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我住在这儿二十多年了。 六、过去完成时 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即 “过去的过去”。 时间状语：before，by the end of last year(term，month)... She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她从未去过巴黎。 When the police arrived，the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。 We had hoped that you would come，but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。 七、一般将来时 概念：表示将要发生的动作，或存在的状态及打算，计划或准备做某事。 时间状语：tomorrow，next day，soon，in a few minutes... They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去参观工厂。 Today is Saturday.Tomorrow will be Sunday. 今天是星期六。明天是(将)星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。 Look！There come the dark clouds.It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。 八、过去将来时 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语：the next day，the following month He said he would come to see me. 他说他要来看我。 She said she was going to start off at once. 她说她将立即出发。 It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来好像要下雨。 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Columbus proved that the earth 　is　(be) round. 2.When Bill 　comes　(come)，ask him to wait for me. 3.You 　are　 always 　changing　(change) your mind. 4.My brother fell while he 　was riding　(ride) his bicycle and hurt himself. 5.When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun 　was shining　(shine). 6.He said the train 　was leaving　(leave) at six the next morning. 7.He had no sooner bought the car than he 　sold　(sell) it. 8.In the past few years，many schools　 have changed　 (change) the ways of doing morning exercises. 被动语态 一、主动语态和被动语态的概念 He opened the door.他打开了门。 以上例句是一个主动句，主语是动作的执行者/发出者。 The door was opened by him.门被打开了。 第二个例句是一个被动句，主语是动作的承受者 汉语中表示被动的词：被……/ 由……/ 受……/ 给……。 英语中表被动用：be＋过去分词构成 二、被动语态的结构及用法 1.被动语态的几种句型 肯定句：主语＋be＋及物动词的过去分词＋(by) My phone was made in China. 否定句：主语＋be not＋过去分词＋(by) My phone wasn't made in China. 一般疑问句：Be＋主语＋过去分词＋(by)? Was your phone made in China? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋be＋主语＋过去分词＋(by)? Where was your phone made? 2.不同时态中的被动语态 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done Rice is grown in the south of the country. 水稻在国家的南方种植。 一般过去时 was/were＋done The door was closed by him. 门被他锁上了。 含有情 态动词 情态动词＋be＋done Your room must be cleaned every day. 你的房间必须每天打扫。 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋done The rooms are being painted. 房间正在被油漆。 过去进行时 was/were＋being＋done Trees were being planted here this time last year. 去年这个时间很多树被种植在这里。 一般将来时 will be＋done A building will be built near here. 一座大楼将在这附近建设。 现在完成时 have/has＋been＋done I have been told the sports meeting might be put off. 我被告知运动会可能被推迟。 过去完成时 had been ＋done He had been considered to be a great leader. 他被认为是一位伟大的领袖。 3.被动语态的用法 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。 The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的) They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的) 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。 These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“这些书”) 三、主动语态变被动语态 1.一般情况下主动语态变被动语态 主动句：He closed the door. 变被动句：The door was closed by him. 口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done，时不变，数格必须随被变。 2.主动语态中若有双宾语 Vivian gave me a book.双宾语(me是间宾，book是直宾) →I was given a book by Vivian. 间接宾语提前 →A book was given to me by Vivian. 直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词 动词make/buy/get用for；动词give/send/lend/take用to。 3. “感使动词”(feel，hear，listen to，let，have，make，see，watch，notice，look at)真奇怪，主动结构“to”走开，被动结构又请来，十个动词要记牢，不会被它再难倒。 We saw him play football on the playground. 我们看见他在操场上打篮球。 变被动：He was seen to play football on the playground. 他被我们看到在操场上打篮球。 四、主动形式表被动意义 1.系动词没有被动语态，如feel，sound，taste，look，become，fall，get，grow，keep，remain，seem，smell，stay，turn等。 Your idea sounds good. 你的主意听起来蛮好的。 You look beautiful. 你看起来美美的。 2.在need，require，want，be worth，deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。 The TV needs repairing. ＝ The TV needs to be repaired. 电视需要修理。 3.一般说来，不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能使用被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，end(vi.结束)，fail，happen，last，lie，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silence，lose heart，take place，occur等。 A car accident happened in the street. 一场车祸发生在街上。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的故乡发生了巨变。 4.在某些形容词后面，当不定式表达的情况与它前面的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动式表示被动意义。 She has an important meeting to attend. 她有一个重要的会议要参加。 五、易错点总结(常考点) 1.在时间、条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。 If I am given enough time，I will do it better. 给我足够的时间，我会做得更好。 2.固定结构中的介词或副词在被动结构中不可省去。 Such a bad habit should be got rid of. 这样的坏习惯应该改掉。(of 不可以省去的) 3.有些动词如：write，read，sell，wash，open等当强调动作执行情况时，有被动语态；当用作不及物动词来说明主语本身所具有的特征时，无被动语态。 The computers were sold out，because they sell well. 电脑被卖光了，因为它们卖得好。 The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。 4.在“too...to...”结构和形容词 enough to do结构中，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The problem is too difficult to work out. 这个问题太难解决了。 5.常见的被动语态的句型搭配 It is said that...据说…… It is reported that ...据报道…… It is supposed that...据推测…… It is hoped that ...希望…… It is well known that ...众所周知…… It is generally considered that ...普遍认为…… It is suggested that...有人建议…… 1.A red sky in the morning 　________　 to be a sign of bad weather. A.says　　　　 B.is saying C.is said D.is being said 2.The book 　________　 for anyone who wants to learn more about the Internet. A.is intended B.has intended C.is intending D.will intend 3.The swimmer hung on to the rope and 　________　 to safety. A.is pulled B.has pulled C.was pulled D.was pulling 4.Einstein 　________　 the Nobel Prize for his contribution to Quantum Theory. A.is awarded B.has awarded C.was awarded D.was awarding 5.I can't turn a blind eye when someone 　________　. A.has robbed B.was robbed C.was robbing D.is being robbed 6.No decision 　________　 until next year，so you'll just have to wait and see. A.have made B.are made C.will make D.will be made 7.Candidates who are successful in the written test 　________　 for an interview. A.have invited B.have been invited C.will invite D.will be invited 8.No­one knows how many people 　________　 since the war beg an. A.have killed B.have been killed C.killed D.were killed 9.She has written two novels，both of which 　________　 into television series. A.have made B.have been made C.had made D.had been made 10.Blood is the medium in which oxygen 　________　 to all parts of the body. A.is carried B.has carried C.is carrying D.will carry 答案：1－5　CACCD　6－10　DDBBA $$