Unit 4 Body Language（重难词汇精练）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 4 Body Language重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 1 题型三、重点单词 2 题型四、单句语法填空 3 题型五、单词拼写 3 题型六、完成句子 4 综合攻坚·能力跃升 4 题型一、语篇语法填空 4 题型二、应用文写作 5 题型一、词性转换 1．interaction n．交流；相互影响→ vi.相互交流；相互影响 2．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→ adj.不同的；各种各样的 → n．多样性；变化；种类 3． approve vi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过→ n．赞成；同意；批准 → adj.赞许的；赞成的 4．employ vt.使用；应用；雇用→ n．雇员；受雇者→ n．雇主；雇用者→ n．雇用；聘用 5．differ vi.相异；不同于→ adj.不同的；有差异的→ n．差别；差异 6．favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同→ adj.赞成的；有利的 7．anger n．愤怒；怒气vt.使生气；激怒→ adj.生气的；愤怒的 → adv.生气地；愤怒地 8．reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→ vi.依赖；信赖 9．slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→ adv.略微；稍微 10．assess vt.评估；评价→ n．评价；评定 11．educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→ vt.教育→ adj.受过教育的；有教养的→ n．教育 12．barely adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚→ adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的 13．occupy vt.占据；占用→ adj.有人使用的；忙于……的；被占领的 → n．占领；职业 14．distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别→ adj.卓越的；杰出的 15．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕→ adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的 16．embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的→ adj.使人难堪的；令人尴尬的 → vt.使窘迫；使尴尬 17． ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧→ n．羞耻；羞愧；遗憾的事 → adj.可耻的→ adj.无耻的；没廉耻的 18．adjust vt.调整；调节vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯→ adj.可调整的；可调节的→ n．调整；调节；适应 19．react vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→ n．反应；作用 题型二、核心短语 1. ________________________　　　　 相比之下  2. ________________________ (与……)相比较  3. ________________________ 推理; 推断  4. ________________________ 消除; 分解; 打破  5. ________________________ 直起来; 整理; 收拾整齐  6. ________________________ 换句话说; 也就是说  7. ________________________ (短暂地)访问; 要求(某人讲话等); 正式邀请  8. ________________________ 有某种影响; 在工作  9. ________________________ 因……而感到羞愧  10. ________________________ (在某事上)与某人相冲突/有争执/不一致 题型三、重点单词 1. ________________________　　　　　 vi. (根据情况)变化; 改变 2. ________________________ adj. 合适的; 恰当的 3. ________________________ vi. 赞成; 同意vt. 批准; 通过 4. ________________________ vt. 表现; 表达; 说明; 证明 5. ________________________ vt. 当场看到; 目击; 见证n. 目击者; 证人 6. ________________________ n. 隔阂; 障碍 7. ________________________ adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的 8. ________________________ vt. 揭示; 显示; 露出 9. ________________________ vt. 占据; 占用 10. ________________________ vt. 调整; 调节vi. &vt. 适应; (使)习惯 题型四、单句语法填空 1．This is a programme run by The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world’s remaining gorillas from (die) out. 2．Much to his (embarrass), the captain made a duck in each innings. 3．My brother is a most (distinguish) man — a great actor. 4．The government will make a strict (assess) of the food safety. 5．My sister had to continue her homework after (complain) to my parents about the noisy neighborhood. 6．Schools play a role in (socialize) children. 7．The newly-invented medicine will play a significant role in (cure) the rare disease. 8．With limited resources, the small museum had trouble (conserve) its precious historical paintings. 9．The machine can’t stand (expose) to heavy rain. 10．Embarrassed and (shame), I can’t concentrate on anything. Please help！ 11．As we know, recent years (witness) great changes taking place in China, particularly in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. （所给词的适当形式填空） 12．All approaches you thought of to (solve) the problem are very reasonable. 13．Politicians are skilled at (defend) themselves against their critics. 14．A good hobby is worth (share) with others. 15．She moved closer and (lower) her voice. 16．What can we do to prevent these animals from (disappear)? 17．We devoted a lot of time to (persuade) the stubborn old man to change his mind. 18．Jerry is a biologist. She is occupied (detect) insects every year. 19．Just accept your (differ) and learn to work with each other. 20．This requires commitment to a particular (occupy), branch of study or research. 题型五、单词拼写 1．She spent weeks (打磨；润色) her essay to ensure every paragraph flowed smoothly before the writing contest. 2．All citizens are encouraged to take an active part in (回收利用) waste, like bottles and paper. 3．With a (手势) of frustration, she swept the cards from the table. 4．We are all looking forward to the mayor’s (视察) our school tomorrow. 5．Too often children are (目击者) to a disturbing amount of violence. 6．The boy’s father is to blame for (宠坏) him. 7．This design is (稍微) different from that one. 8．When the old man was young, he was fond of (闲逛) in the street. 9．The bad weather meant (推迟) the sports meeting for next week. 10．In yesterday’s science class, the teacher (展示) how plants absorb water through experiments. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 题型六、完成句子 1．尽管缺乏经验，她坚持担任团队主管职位以证明自己的能力。 Though lacking experience, she the position of team leader to prove her capabilities. 2．我建议在中央公园野餐，这样我们可以在户外感受大自然的美。 I suggested in the Central Park we could feel the beauty of nature in the open air. 3．我为自己的错误感到不好意思。 I my mistake. 4．这种成年鸟很容易根据橘黄色的喙识别出来。 The adult bird can by its orange beak. 5．换句话说，他成了一位伟大的英雄。 He became, , a great hero. 6．总之，成功很重要，失败也很重要，因为它是成功之母。 , success is important, and so is failure, because it’s the mother of success. 7．只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。 Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 8．比起查字典，我总是试着去理解新单词的意思。 Instead of the dictionary, I always try to guess the meanings of the new words 9．不幸的是，塑料需要几个世纪才能分解。 Unfortunately, plastic takes centuries to . 10．我受够了跟在你后面收拾。 I’m fed up with after you! 题型一、语篇语法填空 （24-25高二上·浙江宁波·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Body language is important in our interactions with other people. It gives us information about their feelings. Just like spoken language, body language 1 (vary) from culture to culture. It is crucial that we use body language in a way 2 is appropriate to the culture we are in. For example, making eye contact is a way to display interest in some countries. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved 3 . The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different countries. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person 4 (employ) the gesture might think it means money. In France, the same gesture means zero. Even the gesture 5 (use) for “yes” and “no” by us differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By 6 (compare), in Bulgaria and 7 (south) Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. 8 good way of saying “I’m full” is moving your hand in 9 (circle) around your stomach after a meal. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the 10 (good) example is smiling, which can help us greatly in many ways. （24-25高二上·河南·阶段练习）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wanzy Lo, Sign Language Officer of the Hong Kong Society for the Deaf, 1 (participate) in teaching the public to create their own names in sign language during an activity to promote the communication method late last month. “Hello! My name is Wanzy. I’m a cat lover,” Lo said, 2 (place) three fingers on her face when introducing herself. This April, Lo and one of her coworkers were invited 3 (serve) as sign language interpreters at the Hong Kong Film Awards. “Film is 4 art. Interpreting films is not just about passing on information 5 the audience but also expressing the emotions, ” Lo said. When handling singing performances and touching speeches, she would use her facial expressions to make the deaf audience more 6 (engage). Nearly 10 years ago, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government and the Legislative Council began introducing instant sign language interpretation for important 7 (meeting), with the Hong Kong Society for the Deaf playing a pioneering role. Sign language interpretation is challenging, especially in live programs 8 require quick responses and rapid delivery. Interpreters must pay attention to various information in their 9 (day) lives. According to the “List of Sign Language Interpreters in Hong Kong” set up by local welfare organizations, there are 10 (current) more than 50 sign language interpreters in Hong Kong who meet the basic requirements. 题型二、应用文写作 （24-25高二上·陕西安康·期中）假定你是李华，你的在北京学习的英国朋友Jim写信告诉你他对一些中国人的日常肢体语言感到非常困惑。据此，请你给他写封回信，内容包括： 1. 表达安慰； 2. 举例说明中国人的日常肢体语言； 3. 你的期盼。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Body Language重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 1 题型三、重点单词 2 题型四、单句语法填空 2 题型五、单词拼写 5 题型六、完成句子 7 综合攻坚·能力跃升 9 题型一、语篇语法填空 9 题型二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1．interaction n．交流；相互影响→interact vi.相互交流；相互影响 2．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．多样性；变化；种类 3．approve vi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过→approval n．赞成；同意；批准→approving adj.赞许的；赞成的 4．employ vt.使用；应用；雇用→employee n．雇员；受雇者→employer n．雇主；雇用者→employment n．雇用；聘用 5．differ vi.相异；不同于→different adj.不同的；有差异的→difference n．差别；差异 6．favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同→favorable adj.赞成的；有利的 7．anger n．愤怒；怒气vt.使生气；激怒→angry adj.生气的；愤怒的→angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地 8．reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→rely vi.依赖；信赖 9．slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→slightly adv.略微；稍微 10．assess vt.评估；评价→assessment n．评价；评定 11．educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→educate vt.教育→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育 12．barely adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚→bare adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的 13．occupy vt.占据；占用→occupied adj.有人使用的；忙于……的；被占领的→occupation n．占领；职业 14．distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别→distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的 15．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的 16．embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassing adj.使人难堪的；令人尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫；使尴尬 17．ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；遗憾的事→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的 18．adjust vt.调整；调节vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应 19．react vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→reaction n．反应；作用 题型二、核心短语 1. by contrast　　　　 相比之下  2. by comparison (与……)相比较  3. make inferences 推理; 推断  4. break down 消除; 分解; 打破  5. straighten up 直起来; 整理; 收拾整齐  6. in other words 换句话说; 也就是说  7. call on (短暂地)访问; 要求(某人讲话等); 正式邀请  8. at work 有某种影响; 在工作  9. be ashamed of 因……而感到羞愧  10. in conflict with sb. (over sth. )  (在某事上)与某人相冲突/有争执/不一致 题型三、重点单词 1. vary　　　　　 vi. (根据情况)变化; 改变 2. appropriate adj. 合适的; 恰当的 3. approve vi. 赞成; 同意vt. 批准; 通过 4. demonstrate vt. 表现; 表达; 说明; 证明 5. witness vt. 当场看到; 目击; 见证n. 目击者; 证人 6. barrier n. 隔阂; 障碍 7. reliable adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的 8. reveal vt. 揭示; 显示; 露出 9. occupy vt. 占据; 占用 10. adjust vt. 调整; 调节vi. &vt. 适应; (使)习惯 题型四、单句语法填空 1．This is a programme run by The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world’s remaining gorillas from (die) out. 【答案】dying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是由大猩猩组织运营的一个项目，旨在筹集资金以拯救世界上现存的大猩猩免于灭绝。介词from后需接动名词作宾语，die的动名词形式为dying，构成短语“prevent...from dying out”，意为“防止……灭绝。故填dying。 2．Much to his (embarrass), the captain made a duck in each innings. 【答案】embarrassment 【详解】考查名词。句意：令队长十分尴尬的是，他在每局比赛中都得了零分。根据空前的形容词性物主代词his及固定短语“much to one’s + 情感类名词”意为“令某人……的是”可知，此处需用名词作宾语，embarrass为动词，意为“使尴尬”，其名词形式为embarrassment，意为“尴尬，窘迫”。故填embarrassment。 3．My brother is a most (distinguish) man — a great actor. 【答案】distinguished 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我哥哥是个非常杰出的人——一位伟大的演员。本空修饰名词man，应填形容词distinguished“杰出的”，作前置定语。故填distinguished。 4．The government will make a strict (assess) of the food safety. 【答案】assessment 【详解】考查名词。句意：政府将对食品安全进行严格的评估。设空处前有不定冠词 a 和形容词 strict 修饰，应填名词单数形式作宾语，assess的名词形式是assessment。故填assessment。 5．My sister had to continue her homework after (complain) to my parents about the noisy neighborhood. 【答案】complaining 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我妹妹向我父母抱怨了吵闹的邻居后，不得不继续做作业。after后接动名词complaining作宾语。故填complaining。 6．Schools play a role in (socialize) children. 【答案】socializing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校在儿童社交方面发挥着作用。介词in后接动名词形式，在句中作宾语。故填socializing。 7．The newly-invented medicine will play a significant role in (cure) the rare disease. 【答案】curing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种新研发的药物将在治疗这种罕见疾病方面发挥重要作用。作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填curing。 8．With limited resources, the small museum had trouble (conserve) its precious historical paintings. 【答案】conserving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于资源有限，这家小博物馆在保护其珍贵的历史画作方面遇到了困难。根据固定搭配“have trouble (in) doing sth.”意为“做某事有困难”可知，空格处需用动名词形式作介词“in”的宾语，介词“in”可省略。故填conserving。 9．The machine can’t stand (expose) to heavy rain. 【答案】being exposed 【详解】考查动名词。句意：这台机器经受不住被大雨淋。根据stand doing sth意为“忍受做某事”可知，此处使用动名词作宾语，根据be exposed to sth意为“暴露于”可知，expose与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，所以此处使用动名词的被动形式。故填being exposed。 10．Embarrassed and (shame), I can’t concentrate on anything. Please help！ 【答案】ashamed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：感到尴尬和羞愧，我无法集中精力做任何事情。请帮帮我！此处为形容词作状语，根据空前的形容词embarrassed和and可知，此处应填shame的形容词形式ashamed，意为“感到羞愧得”，修饰主语I，表示主语当时的状态。故填ashamed。 11．As we know, recent years (witness) great changes taking place in China, particularly in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】have witnessed 【详解】考查时态。句意：正如我们所知，近年来中国发生了巨大的变化，尤其是在北京、天津和上海。根据时间状语in recent years可知句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时。主语recent years是复数，所以用have witnessed，表示从过去到现在的一段时间里已经发生的动作或存在的状态。故填have witnessed。 12．All approaches you thought of to (solve) the problem are very reasonable. 【答案】solving 【详解】考查动名词。句意：你想到的解决这个问题的所有方法都很合理。“you thought of”是定语从句，修饰先行词approaches，the approach to doing是固定短语，意为“做……的方法”，因此空格处用动名词solving作宾语，故填solving。 13．Politicians are skilled at (defend) themselves against their critics. 【答案】defending 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：政治家们擅长为自己辩护，对抗批评者。此处作介词at的宾语，defend用动名词形式。故填defending。 14．A good hobby is worth (share) with others. 【答案】sharing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个好的爱好值得与他人分享。此处是固定搭配be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”，其中是主动形式表达被动含义，所以空处应填动名词作宾语。故填sharing。 15．She moved closer and (lower) her voice. 【答案】lowered 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：她靠得更近了，并且压低了声音。lower(压低)在句中作并列谓语动词，与主语之间是主动关系，结合moved可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态。故填lowered。 16．What can we do to prevent these animals from (disappear)? 【答案】disappearing/disappearance 【详解】考查非谓语动词或名词。句意：我们能做些什么来防止这些动物消失？prevent sb./sth. from (doing) sth.意为“防止某人/某物（做）某事”，为固定搭配，disappear意为“消失”，为不及物动词，空处可用动名词作宾语，也可用disappear的名词形式disappearance，作宾语，意为“消失”，为不可数名词。故填disappearing/disappearance。 17．We devoted a lot of time to (persuade) the stubborn old man to change his mind. 【答案】persuading 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们花了很多时间说服那个固执的老人改变主意。devote...to... “把……用于/投入到……”，to为介词，填动词persuade的动名词形式作宾语，故填persuading。 18．Jerry is a biologist. She is occupied (detect) insects every year. 【答案】detecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杰瑞是一位生物学家。她每年都忙着观察昆虫。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，be occupied (in) doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”，in可以省略，所以此处应用detect“查明，侦察”的动名词形式detecting，作宾语。故填detecting。 19．Just accept your (differ) and learn to work with each other. 【答案】differences 【详解】考查名词。句意：接受你的不同，学会彼此合作。分析句子可知，这里应填名词作宾语，difference，表“不同(之处)”，为可数名词，再由句意可知，此空应用复数形式。故填differences。 20．This requires commitment to a particular (occupy), branch of study or research. 【答案】occupation 【详解】考查名词。句意：这需要对特定的职业、研究领域或分支作出贡献。此处为名词作宾语，occupy的名词为occupation，表示“职业”，空前有不定冠词a，所以此处使用名词单数形式。故填occupation。 题型五、单词拼写 1．She spent weeks (打磨；润色) her essay to ensure every paragraph flowed smoothly before the writing contest. 【答案】polishing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在写作比赛前，她花了好几个星期润色她的文章，以确保每一段都流畅。根据汉语提示可知，polish“打磨；润色”，动词，spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，用动名词作宾语，故填polishing。 2．All citizens are encouraged to take an active part in (回收利用) waste, like bottles and paper. 【答案】recycling 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：鼓励所有公民积极参与废物回收利用，如瓶子和纸张。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填动词recycle“回收利用”，take an active part in doing sth.“积极参与做某事”，in为介词，其后接动名词作宾语。故填recycling。 3．With a (手势) of frustration, she swept the cards from the table. 【答案】gesture 【详解】考查名词。句意：带着沮丧的手势，她把桌子上的卡片一扫而空。根据汉语提示“手势”可知，空格处涉及单词“gesture”，意为“手势”，为可数名词，不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数，作宾语。故填gesture。 4．We are all looking forward to the mayor’s (视察) our school tomorrow. 【答案】inspecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们都期待着市长明天来视察我们学校。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用动词inspect，表示“视察”；根据空格前的所有格“the mayor’s”可知，此处应填动词的动名词形式，作固定短语look forward to中的介词to的宾语。故填inspecting。 5．Too often children are (目击者) to a disturbing amount of violence. 【答案】witnesses 【详解】考查名词。句意：很多时候，孩子们都会目睹大量的暴力行为。表示“目击者”，用名词witness作表语，主语是复数，相应的用复数作表语。故填witnesses。 6．The boy’s father is to blame for (宠坏) him. 【答案】spoiling 【详解】考查动词。句意：这男孩的父亲应该为溺爱他而受到责备。表示“宠坏”使用动词spoil，应用动名词作介词for的宾语，故填spoiling。 7．This design is (稍微) different from that one. 【答案】slightly 【详解】考查副词。句意：这个设计与那个设计稍微有些不同。根据汉语提示“稍微”可知，此处应用副词slightly，作状语，修饰形容词different。故填slightly。 8．When the old man was young, he was fond of (闲逛) in the street. 【答案】wandering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当这位老人年轻时，他喜欢在街上闲逛。根据空前介词of和汉语提示“闲逛”可知，空处应填动名词wandering作宾语，be fond of doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。故填wandering。 9．The bad weather meant (推迟) the sports meeting for next week. 【答案】delaying/postponing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：恶劣的天气意味着运动会将推迟到下周。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词delay/ postpone“推迟”，满足句意要求，结合空前mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”，所以此处为动名词形式。故填delaying/ postponing。 10．In yesterday’s science class, the teacher (展示) how plants absorb water through experiments. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】demonstrated 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：在昨天的科学课上，老师通过实验展示了植物是如何吸收水分的。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填动词demonstrate“展示”，作谓语，由时间状语In yesterday’s science class可知，句子应用一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式。故填demonstrated。 题型六、完成句子 1．尽管缺乏经验，她坚持担任团队主管职位以证明自己的能力。 Though lacking experience, she the position of team leader to prove her capabilities. 【答案】 insisted on taking up 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。中英文对比可知空格处缺少“坚持担任”，应用动词短语insist on doing sth.，表示“坚持做某事”，take up表示“担任（职位、工作等）”，用动名词形式taking up作宾语；根据语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，insist的过去式为insisted。故填insisted on taking up。 2．我建议在中央公园野餐，这样我们可以在户外感受大自然的美。 I suggested in the Central Park we could feel the beauty of nature in the open air. 【答案】 having a picnic so that 【详解】考查非谓语动词和目的状语从句。句意：我建议在中央公园野餐，这样我们可以在户外感受大自然的美。表示“去野餐”应用have a picnic，原句中“建议做某事”应用suggest doing sth.结构，其中suggest为及物动词，后接动名词作宾语，故第一空填having a picnic；“这样我们可以在户外感受大自然的美”表示目的，可用so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便；为了”，符合语境，故第二空填so that。故填①having a picnic②so that。 3．我为自己的错误感到不好意思。 I my mistake. 【答案】felt so embarrassed about 【详解】考查形容词短语和时态。根据句意，此处表示“为……感到不好意思”，使用固定短语feel so embarrassed about，其中embarrassed为形容词作表语，意为“尴尬的、不好意思的”，so为副词作状语修饰形容词embarrassed，about后接宾语“my mistake”，结合句意，句子描述过去的感受，所以此处使用一般过去时，谓语动词为feel的过去式felt。故填felt so embarrassed about。 4．这种成年鸟很容易根据橘黄色的喙识别出来。 The adult bird can by its orange beak. 【答案】be easily distinguished 【详解】考查动词语态和副词。表示“识别”用动词distinguish，且与主语The adult bird之间为被动关系，用be distinguished表被动，与空前的can构成含有情态动词的被动语态；表示“容易地”用副词easily，作状语，修饰distinguished。故填be easily distinguished。 5．换句话说，他成了一位伟大的英雄。 He became, , a great hero. 【答案】in other words 【详解】考查介词短语。根据中文句可知，空格需要填意为“换句话说”的短语，in other words“换句话说”符合语境。故答案为in other words。 6．总之，成功很重要，失败也很重要，因为它是成功之母。 , success is important, and so is failure, because it’s the mother of success. 【答案】In a word/In one word 【详解】考查介词短语。根据句意，此处表示“总之”，使用固定短语in a/one word，短语位于句首时，句首单词首字母需大写。故填In a/one word。 7．只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。 Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 【答案】 can we stop being 【详解】考查动词、非谓语动词和倒装。对比中英文可知，空处表示“我们才不会成为”，“我们”用代词we，“会”可用情态动词can，“不”可用动词stop，“成为”可用be动词，stop后be动词应用动名词形式，作宾语，且“only+when引导的时间状语从句”置于句首，主句部分需部分倒装，情态动词can需放在主语之前。故填can we stop being。 8．比起查字典，我总是试着去理解新单词的意思。 Instead of the dictionary, I always try to guess the meanings of the new words 【答案】 referring to 【详解】考查动名词。“查字典”为“refer to the dictionary”，介词of后接动名词。故填referring to。 9．不幸的是，塑料需要几个世纪才能分解。 Unfortunately, plastic takes centuries to . 【答案】 break down 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“分解”短语为break down，此处为短语take time to do sth.，to为不定式符号，空处应填原形。故填break down。 10．我受够了跟在你后面收拾。 I’m fed up with after you! 【答案】 clearing up 【详解】考查固定短语和动名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“收拾”，是固定短语clear up，with是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，故填①clearing②up。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （24-25高二上·浙江宁波·期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Body language is important in our interactions with other people. It gives us information about their feelings. Just like spoken language, body language 1 (vary) from culture to culture. It is crucial that we use body language in a way 2 is appropriate to the culture we are in. For example, making eye contact is a way to display interest in some countries. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved 3 . The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different countries. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person 4 (employ) the gesture might think it means money. In France, the same gesture means zero. Even the gesture 5 (use) for “yes” and “no” by us differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By 6 (compare), in Bulgaria and 7 (south) Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. 8 good way of saying “I’m full” is moving your hand in 9 (circle) around your stomach after a meal. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the 10 (good) example is smiling, which can help us greatly in many ways. 【答案】 1．varies 2．that/which 3．of 4．employing 5．used 6．comparison 7．southern 8．A 9．circles 10．best 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出肢体语言在人际交往中很重要，且因文化而异，也提到有些手势的含义是通用的。 1．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：就像口语一样，肢体语言因文化而异。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语body language是单数，vary“不同，呈现差异”应用第三人称单数形式。故填varies。 2．考查定语从句。句意：重要的是，我们要以一种适合我们所处文化的方式使用肢体语言。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a way，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 3．考查介词。句意：相比之下，在其他国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可的。approve of是固定短语，表示“赞成，认可”。故填of。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。结合语境此处表示目睹另一个人正在使用这个手势，应用witness sb. doing sth.表示“目睹某人正在做某事”，用employ的现在分词形式作宾语补足语。故填employing。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：就连我们表示“是”和“不是”的手势在世界各地也不一样。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作the gesture的后置定语，use“使用”和the gesture逻辑上是被动关系，因此用use的过去分词形式。故填used。 6．考查名词。句意：相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部，这些手势的意思正好相反。by comparison是固定短语，意为“相比之下”。故填comparison。 7．考查形容词。句意：相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部，这些手势的意思正好相反。空处作修饰Albania的定语，应用south的形容词形式southern，意为“南部的”。故填southern。 8．考查冠词。句意：说“我吃饱了”的一个好方法是在饭后用手在肚子上转圈圈。空处表示泛指，意为“一个好方法”，应用不定冠词，且good的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填A。 9．考查名词的数。句意：说“我吃饱了”的一个好方法是在饭后用手在肚子上转圈圈。in circles是固定短语，表示“转圈，循环”。故填circles。 10．考查最高级。句意：也许最好的例子是微笑，它可以在许多方面极大地帮助我们。空前有定冠词“the”，结合语境此处表示“最好的例子”，因此用good的最高级best。故填best。 （24-25高二上·河南·阶段练习）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wanzy Lo, Sign Language Officer of the Hong Kong Society for the Deaf, 1 (participate) in teaching the public to create their own names in sign language during an activity to promote the communication method late last month. “Hello! My name is Wanzy. I’m a cat lover,” Lo said, 2 (place) three fingers on her face when introducing herself. This April, Lo and one of her coworkers were invited 3 (serve) as sign language interpreters at the Hong Kong Film Awards. “Film is 4 art. Interpreting films is not just about passing on information 5 the audience but also expressing the emotions, ” Lo said. When handling singing performances and touching speeches, she would use her facial expressions to make the deaf audience more 6 (engage). Nearly 10 years ago, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government and the Legislative Council began introducing instant sign language interpretation for important 7 (meeting), with the Hong Kong Society for the Deaf playing a pioneering role. Sign language interpretation is challenging, especially in live programs 8 require quick responses and rapid delivery. Interpreters must pay attention to various information in their 9 (day) lives. According to the “List of Sign Language Interpreters in Hong Kong” set up by local welfare organizations, there are 10 (current) more than 50 sign language interpreters in Hong Kong who meet the basic requirements. 【答案】 1．participated 2．placing 3．to serve 4．an 5．to 6．engaged 7．meetings 8．which/that 9．daily 10．currently 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了香港聋人协会手语主任Wanzy Lo在推广手语交流活动中的经历，以及手语翻译工作的挑战和现状。 1．考查时态。句意：上个月底，在一次推广这种交流方式的活动中，香港聋人协会手语主任Wanzy Lo参与教授公众用手语创造自己的名字。participate (参与)是谓语动词，与主语Wanzy Lo之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“late last month”可知，讲述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时态。故填participated。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：“你好！我叫Wanzy。我是个爱猫的人，”Lo在自我介绍时，把三根手指放在脸上说。“(place) three fingers on her face when introducing herself”作伴随状语，place(放置)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Lo之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式表主动，作伴随状语。故填placing。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：今年4月，Lo和她的一位同事被邀请在香港电影金像奖上担任手语翻译。be invited to do sth.为固定短语，意为“被邀请做某事”，用不定式作主语补足语。故填to serve。 4．考查冠词。句意：电影是一门艺术。可数名词art在句中表示“一门艺术”，泛指，且art是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 5．考查介词。句意：翻译电影不仅仅是向观众传递信息，还要表达情感。pass on sth. to sb.为固定短语，意为“把某物传递给某人”。故填to。 6．考查形容词。句意：在处理歌唱表演和感人的演讲时，她会用面部表情让聋哑观众更加投入。提示词作宾语补足语，用形容词engaged，表明其逻辑主语the deaf audience的状态，意为“专注的，投入的”。故填engaged。 7．考查名词复数。句意：近10年前，香港特别行政区政府和立法会开始为重要会议引入即时手语翻译，香港聋人协会发挥了先驱作用。可数名词meeting作宾语，结合常识，重要会议不止一个，用复数形式，表示泛指。故填meetings。 8．考查定语从句。句意：手语翻译很有挑战性，尤其是在需要快速反应和快速传递的直播节目中。“_____ require quick responses and rapid delivery”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词live programs，指物，关系词词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 9．考查形容词。句意：翻译必须注意日常生活中的各种信息。提示词修饰名词lives，用形容词daily作定语，意为“日常的”。故填daily。 10．考查副词。句意：根据当地福利组织设立的“香港手语翻译名单”，目前香港有50多名符合基本要求的手语翻译。提示词修饰整个句子，用副词currently作时间状语，意为“目前”。故填currently。 题型二、应用文写作 （24-25高二上·陕西安康·期中）假定你是李华，你的在北京学习的英国朋友Jim写信告诉你他对一些中国人的日常肢体语言感到非常困惑。据此，请你给他写封回信，内容包括： 1. 表达安慰； 2. 举例说明中国人的日常肢体语言； 3. 你的期盼。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Jim, Sorry to hear that you are puzzled about some Chinese gestures, which is common for the foreigners. In China, some body language is identical to yours, while some differs from yours. For example, we usually greet our guests by shaking hands. Some may favour a nod or smile, but try to avoid hugging, especially kissing on the cheek. In addition, we nod our heads to approve and shake our heads to say “no”. Of course, it is to show great respect for others that we bow. I hope the information above will help you adjust yourself to your life in China and enjoy yourself forever. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的告知信。要求考生给在北京学习的英国朋友Jim写封信，就其对中国人的日常肢体语言感到非常困惑一事进行解释。 【详解】1.词汇积累 与……不同：differ from→ be different from 此外：in addition→ what’s more 适应：adjust oneself to→ get accustomed to 玩得开心：enjoy oneself→ have a good time 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In addition, we nod our heads to approve and shake our heads to say “no”. 拓展句：In addition, we nod our heads to approve while we shake our heads to say “no”. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Sorry to hear that you are puzzled about some Chinese gestures, which is common for the foreigners.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】Of course, it is to show great respect for others that we bow.（运用了 it 作形式主语和that引导的主语从句） 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$