Unit 3 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures （导学案）英语人教版2019必修第一册

Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures（导学案） 【学习目标】 1.能识别并分析反意疑问句的基本结构，区分肯定陈述与否定附加疑问、否定陈述与肯定附加疑问的形式。 2.掌握含否定前缀词汇、祈使句、不定代词作主语等特殊情况的反意疑问规则，并能正确应用。 3.能根据事实对反意疑问句进行准确回答，突破中文思维干扰，理解前否后肯结构中 “yes/no” 的正确翻译。 4.感知反意疑问语句调的功能，能通过升调、降调区分疑问请求与求证同意，并在对话中恰当运用。 【学习重难点】 教学重点 1.反意疑问句的基本结构：肯定陈述部分 + 否定附加疑问部分，否定陈述部分 + 肯定附加疑问部分。 2.反意疑问句中特殊情况的处理：含否定前缀词汇、祈使句、不定代词作主语、情态动词 must 等的反意疑问形式。 3.反意疑问句的回答规则：根据事实回答，前否后肯结构中 yes 和 no 的正确翻译。 教学难点 1.否定前缀词的句子视为肯定陈述，附加疑问用否定形式（如 Tom dislikes the book, doesn't he?）。 2.祈使句反意形式区分：Let’s 对应 shall we，Let us/me 对应 will you。 3.语调准确运用：升调表疑问请求（↗），降调表求证同意（↙）。 【预习清单】 判断下列各问句的类型 1. Do you like sports?_________________________ 2. What sport do you like best?_________________________ 3. Which sport do you prefer, basketball or football?_________________________ 4. You like jogging, don’t you?_________________________ 【答案】 1.Do you like sports?___一般疑问句__ 2. What sport do you like best?___特殊疑问句_____ 3. Which sport do you prefer, basketball or football?_____选择疑问句_____ 4. You like jogging, don’t you?____附加疑问句___ 【学习过程】 一、导入・情境感知 观察下列各句，找出其中相同的部分及其组成方式： 1. You’ve left the picnic in the car , haven’t you? 2. We’re lost , aren’t we? 3. He’s quite big , isn’t he? 4. Mr Skinnylegs is big , isn’t he? 5. You’re not scared , are you? 6. You can repeat the questions, can’t you? 以上各句都是 句，它们都由两部分组成，分别是 和 。 附加疑问句又称 ，主要用于 ，通常用于表示说话人有一定的想法，但不完全 ，需要对方的 。 【答案】 以上各句都是 附加疑问 句，它们都由两部分组成，分别是 陈述部分 和 附加疑问部分 。 附加疑问句又称 反意疑问句 ，主要用于 口语 ，通常用于表示说话人有一定的想法，但不完全 肯定 ，需要对方的 证实 。 二、探究・规则构建 1. 附加疑问句的基本形式 观察下列各附加疑问句的各个组成部分的句式，并总结其中规律： You’ve left the picnic in the car, haven’t you? 疑问借助于__________词 You’re not scared, are you? 疑问借助于__________词 You can repeat the questions, can’t you? 疑问借助于 __________词 ①当陈述部分为陈述句的__________句时，附加疑问部分为__________句； 当陈述部分为陈述句的__________句时，附加疑问部分为__________句； 即前__________后__________，前__________后__________。 ②如果陈述部分出现否定前缀 un-, in-, im-, dis-或后缀-less，该陈述部分当做肯定句处理，附加疑问部分一般用__________形式。 ③ 陈述部分含有no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定或半否定含义的词时，疑问部分用__________形式。 ④观察下列各句，发现与前面各附加疑问句的区别： Come along with me, will you? Don’t miss the time, will you? Let’s go to the gym, shall we? Let us stay at the gym, will you? 附加疑问句的陈述部分除了可以是简单的陈述句外，还可以是__________句； 为了使祈使句听起来更__________，附加疑问部分还可以用would you, won’t you, can you, can’t you, could you等。 以Let’s 开头的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用__________或“shan’t we”; 以Let us/me开头的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用__________。 【答案】 You’ve left the picnic in the car, haven’t you? 疑问借助于___助动__词 You’re not scared, are you? 疑问借助于be动_词 You can repeat the questions, can’t you? 疑问借助于 _情态动___词 ①当陈述部分为陈述句的_肯定_句时，附加疑问部分为_否定__句； 当陈述部分为陈述句的_否定_句时，附加疑问部分为_肯定_句； 即前___肯__后_否__，前_否__后_肯___。 ②如果陈述部分出现否定前缀 un-, in-, im-, dis-或后缀-less，该陈述部分当做肯定句处理，附加疑问部分一般用_否定__形式。 ③ 陈述部分含有no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定或半否定含义的词时，疑问部分用_肯定_形式。 ④附加疑问句的陈述部分除了可以是简单的陈述句外，还可以是_____祈使_____句； 为了使祈使句听起来更__委婉、客气________，附加疑问部分还可以用would you, won’t you, can you, can’t you, could you等。 以Let’s 开头的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用_shall we_________或“shan’t we”; 以Let us/me开头的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用__will you________。 2.附加疑问句中的主语 ●陈述句主语是名词时, 附加疑问句的主语要用相应的人称代词代替。 The students are studying hard, aren't they? ●陈述句主语是指示代词this, that, these, those指物时, 附加疑问句主语要用it或they；指人时，疑问句主语要用相应的人称代词。 This is a beautiful book, isn't it? Those are my classmates, aren't they? ●陈述句主语是表示人的不定代词，如anyone, someone, no one, everybody, nobody, somebody 等，附加疑问句的主语通常用he或they。 Everyone knows the answer, don't they? /doesn't he? ●陈述句主语是表示物的不定代词，如anything, nothing, something, everything等，反意疑问句的主语用it。 Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it? ●陈述句主语是非谓语或主语从句时, 附加疑问句的主语用it代替。 To see is to believe, isn't it? ●陈述句含宾语从句时，陈述部分主语是第一人称，附加疑问句的主语同从句主语保持一致; 如不是第一人称，则疑问部分主语同主句主语保持一致。 I think he is a good student, isn't he? He said that she would go to Beijing tomorrow, didn't he? ●Let’s后的附加疑问句用shall we；Let us/me后的附加疑问句用will you。 Let’s go to the park together, shall we? Let us have a break, will you? ●陈述部分是祈使句，无论是否定还是肯定，附加疑问部分多用will you。肯定的祈使句的附加疑问句也可用won’t you。 Don’t make any noise, will you? Please close the door, will you? Exercise 1——完成句子 ①I don’t think that the necklace is made of diamond, ? ② She is unfit for the job, ？ ③Everything begins to grow in spring, ？ ④Don’t make so much noise in public places, ？ ⑤I don’t think you have heard of him before, ？ ⑥Mary thinks you will come to the party, ? ⑦Let us wait for you in the reading­room, ? ⑧Come to have supper with us this evening, ? 【答案】 ①is it ② isn’t she ③ doesn’t it ④ will you ⑤ have you ⑥ doesn’t she ⑦ will you ⑧will/won’t you 3.附加疑问句中的谓语 ●I am 的附加疑问句用 aren't I（非正式）或 am I not（正式） I'm your teacher, aren't I?（非正式） I am the one responsible for this project, am I not?（正式） ●陈述句中的谓语动词是 wish 时, 疑问部分常用may。 You wish to go home, may you? I wish to visit Paris, may I? You wish to study abroad, may you? ●陈述句谓语为 have、has、had时， (1) 表示实义动词时, 反意疑问句的谓语用have或do的相应形式都可以。 They have a house in the town, haven’t they/don’t they? He has lunch at school, doesn’t he？ (2) 表示情态动词时, 疑问部分用do的相应形式。 They have to go there, don’t they？ (3)陈述部分的谓语是 had better 时, 疑问部分用hadn’t。 You’d better have a good rest, hadn’t you？ ●陈述部分用 used to+主语时, 问句部分用didn’t+主语？或 usedn’t+主语？ They used to be good friends, didn’t they? / usedn’t they? ●陈述部分情态动词 must (1) 表 “必须” 时, 疑问部分用 mustn’t I must answer the letter, mustn’t I? (2)表 “推测” 时, 疑问部分多与must之后的动词形式和时态与句子主语保持一致。 She must have read the novel, hasn’t she？ Exercise 2——完成句子 ①Few of them were injured in the accident last night, they? ②Mother used to live in a poor village, she? ③Everything begins to grow in spring, it ? ④Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, ? ⑤You had some trouble finding where I live, you? ⑥They must have stayed at home last night, they? ⑦You’d better have a day off so that you can look after your sick mother, you? 【答案】 ①were ② didn't/usedn’t ③ doesn’t ④ didn’t she ⑤ didn’t ⑥ didn’t ⑦ hadn’t 4.附加疑问句的语调 ●Tag是疑问或请求，需要得到回答时用升调↗ The school team have won the gold medal, haven’t they? ↗ 校队赢得了金牌，不是吗？ ●Tag是求证或希望得到对方的同意时用降调↙ The school team have won the gold medal, haven’t they? ↙ Exercise 3——根据语意，确定语调 You were captain of the football team, were’t you? 你是足球队的队长，是吗？ You were captain of the football team, were’t you? 你是足球队的队长，对吧？ Frank hardly goes to the gym, does he? Frank 几乎不去健身房，是吗？ You were captain of the football team, does he? Frank 几乎不去健身房，对吧？ 【答案】 ↗ ↙↗ ↙ 三、实践・应用提升 Task 1: Read the conversations below and underline the tag questions and their answers. What functions do the tag questions have? 1. Amy: It’s not a real sport, is it? Shen Qi: Yes, it is. 2. Adam: That sounds interesting, doesn’t it? Julie: Sure, it does. 3. Lin Tao: Hi! It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it? Han Jing: Yes, it is. I’m going to play soccer. Can you come along and join us? Lin Tao: Sorry, I can’t. I’ve got to meet my adviser. By the way, our school soccer team won at last, didn’t they? Han Jing: No, they didn’t. It’s too bad. 【答案】 1. Amy: It’s not a real sport, is it? Shen Qi: Yes, it is. 2. Adam: That sounds interesting, doesn’t it? Julie: Sure, it does. 3. Lin Tao: Hi! It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it? Han Jing: Yes, it is. I’m going to play soccer. Can you come along and join us? Lin Tao: Sorry, I can’t. I’ve got to meet my adviser. By the way, our school soccer team won at last, didn’t they? Han Jing: No, they didn’t. It’s too bad. Task 2: Complete the conversations with appropriate tag questions or correct answers. Then act them out. ①A: It’s not going to rain, is it? B: _ . It’s a good day for sports. A: Then we can play football, _ ? B: _ . We don’t have a ball. ②A: It’s Sports Day next Thursday, ? B: You’re right, it is. Let’s ask Xia Lei if she wants to join a team. A: She likes soccer, ? B: _ . But she loves volleyball. She could be in the volleyball team. ③A: It’s time for badminton class. Where is the coach? He’s late, ? B: It’s been 10 minutes already. He isn’t coming, ? A: Cool! We can have a good time. That’s great! B: Shh! A: Oh no, he’s right behind me, ? C: Yes, I am! 【答案】 ①A: It’s not going to rain, is it? B: _No, it isn’t. It’s a good day for sports. A: Then we can play football, _can’t we__? B: No, we can’t_. We don’t have a ball. ②A: It’s Sports Day next Thursday, isn’t it? B: You’re right, it is. Let’s ask Xia Lei if she wants to join a team. A: She likes soccer, doesn’t she? B: No, she doesn’t_. But she loves volleyball. She could be in the volleyball team. ③A: It’s time for badminton class. Where is the coach? He’s late, isn’t he_? B: It’s been 10 minutes already. He isn’t coming, is he __? A: Cool! We can have a good time. That’s great! B: Shh! A: Oh no, he’s right behind me, isn’t he_? C: Yes, I am! Task 3 Work in pairs. Use tag questions to role-play one of the situations below. A possible sample: A: The Sports Day is coming soon, isn’t it? B: Yes, it is. They need some volunteers, don’t they? A: Yes, they do. We should volunteer, shouldn’t we? B: Yes, we should. 四、总结・评价反思 Score each aspect in the assessment form according to your performance and achievement in this period. Things I can do. Scores I can distinguish between positive and negative tag question structures. 5 4 3 2 1 I can handle special cases like imperatives and negative prefixes in tag questions correctly and quickly. 5 4 3 2 1 I can use correct pronouns and verbs in tag questions. 5 4 3 2 1 I can answer tag questions based on facts, not sentence structure correctly. 5 4 3 2 1 I can use rising/falling intonation to show different meanings in tag questions 5 4 3 2 1 I can make small conversations using tag questions appropriately. 5 4 3 2 1 五、课后拓展 本节课作业为分层作业，难度有所区别。作业一注重考察对本节语法基础知识的掌握情况，作业二注重考察对本节知识在实际生活中的正确运用。 作业一： Complete the sentences ①Your parents had a long talk with you last night, ? ②Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom, ? ③Few people are here, ? ④ There’s no room here, ? ⑤Let’s go there by bus, ? ⑥Let us go there by bus, ? ⑦Don’t forget to give Polly some food, ? ⑧You think (that) you are funny, ? 【答案】 ① didn’t they ② will/won’t you ③ are they ④ is there ⑤ shall we ⑥ will you ⑦ will/won’t you ⑧don’t you 作业二： Make small conversations The School Fitness Club is recruiting new members, and a student is inquiring something about it from the consultant. Please make a small conversation using tag questions. A——Consultant B——Student A: Welcome to the School Fitness Club! You're interested in joining, aren't you? B: Yes, I am. The club ... A possible sample A: Welcome to the School Fitness Club! You're interested in joining, aren't you? B: Yes, I am. The club offers weekly training sessions, doesn't it? A: Exactly! We have classes for swimming and yoga. You haven’t tried club activities before, have you? B: No, but I want to start. The membership fee isn’t too high, is it? A: It’s $20 per semester. Let’s sign you up today, shall we? B: Great! I can attend the trial class tomorrow, can’t I? A: Of course. You’ll love our facilities, won’t you? B: I think so. Thanks for your help! 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures（导学案） 【学习目标】 1.能识别并分析反意疑问句的基本结构，区分肯定陈述与否定附加疑问、否定陈述与肯定附加疑问的形式。 2.掌握含否定前缀词汇、祈使句、不定代词作主语等特殊情况的反意疑问规则，并能正确应用。 3.能根据事实对反意疑问句进行准确回答，突破中文思维干扰，理解前否后肯结构中 “yes/no” 的正确翻译。 4.感知反意疑问语句调的功能，能通过升调、降调区分疑问请求与求证同意，并在对话中恰当运用。 【学习重难点】 教学重点 1.反意疑问句的基本结构：肯定陈述部分 + 否定附加疑问部分，否定陈述部分 + 肯定附加疑问部分。 2.反意疑问句中特殊情况的处理：含否定前缀词汇、祈使句、不定代词作主语、情态动词 must 等的反意疑问形式。 3.反意疑问句的回答规则：根据事实回答，前否后肯结构中 yes 和 no 的正确翻译。 教学难点 1.否定前缀词的句子视为肯定陈述，附加疑问用否定形式（如 Tom dislikes the book, doesn't he?）。 2.祈使句反意形式区分：Let’s 对应 shall we，Let us/me 对应 will you。 3.语调准确运用：升调表疑问请求（↗），降调表求证同意（↙）。 【预习清单】 判断下列各问句的类型 1. Do you like sports?_________________________ 2. What sport do you like best?_________________________ 3. Which sport do you prefer, basketball or football?_________________________ 4. You like jogging, don’t you?_________________________ 【学习过程】 一、导入・情境感知 观察下列各句，找出其中相同的部分及其组成方式： 1. You’ve left the picnic in the car , haven’t you? 2. We’re lost , aren’t we? 3. He’s quite big , isn’t he? 4. Mr Skinnylegs is big , isn’t he? 5. You’re not scared , are you? 6. You can repeat the questions, can’t you? 以上各句都是 句，它们都由两部分组成，分别是 和 。 附加疑问句又称 ，主要用于 ，通常用于表示说话人有一定的想法，但不完全 ，需要对方的 。 二、探究・规则构建 1. 附加疑问句的基本形式 观察下列各附加疑问句的各个组成部分的句式，并总结其中规律： You’ve left the picnic in the car, haven’t you? 疑问借助于__________词 You’re not scared, are you? 疑问借助于__________词 You can repeat the questions, can’t you? 疑问借助于 __________词 ①当陈述部分为陈述句的__________句时，附加疑问部分为__________句； 当陈述部分为陈述句的__________句时，附加疑问部分为__________句； 即前__________后__________，前__________后__________。 ②如果陈述部分出现否定前缀 un-, in-, im-, dis-或后缀-less，该陈述部分当做肯定句处理，附加疑问部分一般用__________形式。 ③ 陈述部分含有no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定或半否定含义的词时，疑问部分用__________形式。 ④观察下列各句，发现与前面各附加疑问句的区别： Come along with me, will you? Don’t miss the time, will you? Let’s go to the gym, shall we? Let us stay at the gym, will you? 附加疑问句的陈述部分除了可以是简单的陈述句外，还可以是__________句； 为了使祈使句听起来更__________，附加疑问部分还可以用would you, won’t you, can you, can’t you, could you等。 以Let’s 开头的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用__________或“shan’t we”; 以Let us/me开头的祈使句，其附加疑问部分用__________。 2.附加疑问句中的主语 ●陈述句主语是名词时, 附加疑问句的主语要用相应的人称代词代替。 The students are studying hard, aren't they? ●陈述句主语是指示代词this, that, these, those指物时, 附加疑问句主语要用it或they；指人时，疑问句主语要用相应的人称代词。 This is a beautiful book, isn't it? Those are my classmates, aren't they? ●陈述句主语是表示人的不定代词，如anyone, someone, no one, everybody, nobody, somebody 等，附加疑问句的主语通常用he或they。 Everyone knows the answer, don't they? /doesn't he? ●陈述句主语是表示物的不定代词，如anything, nothing, something, everything等，反意疑问句的主语用it。 Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it? ●陈述句主语是非谓语或主语从句时, 附加疑问句的主语用it代替。 To see is to believe, isn't it? ●陈述句含宾语从句时，陈述部分主语是第一人称，附加疑问句的主语同从句主语保持一致; 如不是第一人称，则疑问部分主语同主句主语保持一致。 I think he is a good student, isn't he? He said that she would go to Beijing tomorrow, didn't he? ●Let’s后的附加疑问句用shall we；Let us/me后的附加疑问句用will you。 Let’s go to the park together, shall we? Let us have a break, will you? ●陈述部分是祈使句，无论是否定还是肯定，附加疑问部分多用will you。肯定的祈使句的附加疑问句也可用won’t you。 Don’t make any noise, will you? Please close the door, will you? Exercise 1——完成句子 ①I don’t think that the necklace is made of diamond, ? ② She is unfit for the job, ？ ③Everything begins to grow in spring, ？ ④Don’t make so much noise in public places, ？ ⑤I don’t think you have heard of him before, ？ ⑥Mary thinks you will come to the party, ? ⑦Let us wait for you in the reading­room, ? ⑧Come to have supper with us this evening, ? 3.附加疑问句中的谓语 ●I am 的附加疑问句用 aren't I（非正式）或 am I not（正式） I'm your teacher, aren't I?（非正式） I am the one responsible for this project, am I not?（正式） ●陈述句中的谓语动词是 wish 时, 疑问部分常用may。 You wish to go home, may you? I wish to visit Paris, may I? You wish to study abroad, may you? ●陈述句谓语为 have、has、had时， (1) 表示实义动词时, 反意疑问句的谓语用have或do的相应形式都可以。 They have a house in the town, haven’t they/don’t they? He has lunch at school, doesn’t he？ (2) 表示情态动词时, 疑问部分用do的相应形式。 They have to go there, don’t they？ (3)陈述部分的谓语是 had better 时, 疑问部分用hadn’t。 You’d better have a good rest, hadn’t you？ ●陈述部分用 used to+主语时, 问句部分用didn’t+主语？或 usedn’t+主语？ They used to be good friends, didn’t they? / usedn’t they? ●陈述部分情态动词 must (1) 表 “必须” 时, 疑问部分用 mustn’t I must answer the letter, mustn’t I? (2)表 “推测” 时, 疑问部分多与must之后的动词形式和时态与句子主语保持一致。 She must have read the novel, hasn’t she？ Exercise 2——完成句子 ①Few of them were injured in the accident last night, they? ②Mother used to live in a poor village, she? ③Everything begins to grow in spring, it ? ④Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, ? ⑤You had some trouble finding where I live, you? ⑥They must have stayed at home last night, they? ⑦You’d better have a day off so that you can look after your sick mother, you? 4.附加疑问句的语调 ●Tag是疑问或请求，需要得到回答时用升调↗ The school team have won the gold medal, haven’t they? ↗ 校队赢得了金牌，不是吗？ ●Tag是求证或希望得到对方的同意时用降调↙ The school team have won the gold medal, haven’t they? ↙ Exercise 3——根据语意，确定语调 You were captain of the football team, were’t you? 你是足球队的队长，是吗？ You were captain of the football team, were’t you? 你是足球队的队长，对吧？ Frank hardly goes to the gym, does he? Frank 几乎不去健身房，是吗？ You were captain of the football team, does he? Frank 几乎不去健身房，对吧？ 三、实践・应用提升 Task 1: Read the conversations below and underline the tag questions and their answers. What functions do the tag questions have? 1. Amy: It’s not a real sport, is it? Shen Qi: Yes, it is. 2. Adam: That sounds interesting, doesn’t it? Julie: Sure, it does. 3. Lin Tao: Hi! It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it? Han Jing: Yes, it is. I’m going to play soccer. Can you come along and join us? Lin Tao: Sorry, I can’t. I’ve got to meet my adviser. By the way, our school soccer team won at last, didn’t they? Han Jing: No, they didn’t. It’s too bad. Task 2: Complete the conversations with appropriate tag questions or correct answers. Then act them out. ①A: It’s not going to rain, is it? B: _ . It’s a good day for sports. A: Then we can play football, _ ? B: _ . We don’t have a ball. ②A: It’s Sports Day next Thursday, ? B: You’re right, it is. Let’s ask Xia Lei if she wants to join a team. A: She likes soccer, ? B: _ . But she loves volleyball. She could be in the volleyball team. ③A: It’s time for badminton class. Where is the coach? He’s late, ? B: It’s been 10 minutes already. He isn’t coming, ? A: Cool! We can have a good time. That’s great! B: Shh! A: Oh no, he’s right behind me, ? C: Yes, I am! Task 3 Work in pairs. Use tag questions to role-play one of the situations below. 四、总结・评价反思 Score each aspect in the assessment form according to your performance and achievement in this period. Things I can do. Scores I can distinguish between positive and negative tag question structures. 5 4 3 2 1 I can handle special cases like imperatives and negative prefixes in tag questions correctly and quickly. 5 4 3 2 1 I can use correct pronouns and verbs in tag questions. 5 4 3 2 1 I can answer tag questions based on facts, not sentence structure correctly. 5 4 3 2 1 I can use rising/falling intonation to show different meanings in tag questions 5 4 3 2 1 I can make small conversations using tag questions appropriately. 5 4 3 2 1 五、课后拓展 本节课作业为分层作业，难度有所区别。作业一注重考察对本节语法基础知识的掌握情况，作业二注重考察对本节知识在实际生活中的正确运用。 作业一： Complete the sentences ①Your parents had a long talk with you last night, ? ②Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom, ? ③Few people are here, ? ④ There’s no room here, ? ⑤Let’s go there by bus, ? ⑥Let us go there by bus, ? ⑦Don’t forget to give Polly some food, ? ⑧You think (that) you are funny, ? 作业二： Make small conversations The School Fitness Club is recruiting new members, and a student is inquiring something about it from the consultant. Please make a small conversation using tag questions. A——Consultant B——Student A: Welcome to the School Fitness Club! You're interested in joining, aren't you? B: Yes, I am. The club ... 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$