国际音标专项学案 2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级上册
初一上国际音标专项训练(2025版)
一、元音(Vowels 20个)元音发音时气流不受阻碍,声带振动。分为单元音和双元音。
1. 单元音(Monophthong,12个):发音时舌位、唇形基本不变。
分类 | 音标 | 例词(英) | 拓展 |
前元音 | /iː/ | bee /biː/ | meet, see, tree, sheep, beef |
前元音 | /ɪ/ | bit /bɪt/ | big, fish, pig, swim, sister |
前元音 | /e/ | bed /bed/ | egg, red, pen, leg, hen |
前元音 | /æ/ | cat /kæt/ | hat, map, rat, apple, black |
中元音 | /ɜː/ | bird /bɜːd/ | her, work, nurse, circle, word |
中元音 | /ə/ | about /əˈbaʊt/ | sofa, panda, teacher, father, doctor |
中元音 | /ʌ/ | cup /kʌp/ | bus, sun, fun, but, luck |
后元音 | /uː/ | moon /muːn/ | ruler, blue, school, goose, kangaroo |
后元音 | /ʊ/ | book /bʊk/ | look, cook, good, wood, foot |
后元音 | /ɔː/ | ball /bɔːl/ | wall, tall, door, horse, corn |
后元音 | /ɒ/ | hot /hɒt/ | box, dog, lot, stop, clock |
后元音 | /ɑː/ | car /kɑːr/ | far, star, park, garden, hard |
- 双元音(Diphthongs,8个):发音时舌位从一个元音滑动到另一个元音,形成复合音。
音标 | 例词(英) | 拓展 |
/eɪ/ | day /deɪ/ | cake, name, plane, game, way |
/aɪ/ | bike/baɪk/ | time, like, ice, fine, five |
/ɔɪ/ | boy /bɔɪ/ | toy, coin, noise, void, enjoy |
/əʊ/ | go /ɡəʊ/ | no, so, home, phone, nose |
/aʊ/ | now /naʊ/ | cow, how, down, town, brown |
/ɪə/ | near /nɪə(r)/ | ear, hear, dear, beer, clear |
/eə/ | hair /heə(r)/ | pair, chair, bear, wear, swear |
/ʊə/ | sure /ʃʊə(r)/ | tour, poor, pure, moor, endure |
二、辅音(Consonants,28个):辅音发音时气流受口腔或喉部阻碍,分为清辅音(声带不振动)和浊辅音(声带振动)。
1. 爆破音(Plosives,6个)气流瞬间冲破阻碍发出爆破声。
音标 | 分类 | 例词(英) | 拓展 |
/p/ | 清辅音 | pen /pen/ | pig, cap, map, cup, top |
/b/ | 浊辅音 | bed /bed/ | bag, big, ball, boy, job |
/t/ | 清辅音 | tea /tiː/ | cat, hat, ten, sit, let |
/d/ | 浊辅音 | dog /dog/ | dad, red, bad, sad, mad |
/k/ | 清辅音 | cat /kæt/ | kite, cake, book, look, back |
/ɡ/ | 浊辅音 | goat /goat/ | girl, bag, big, dog, log |
2. 摩擦音(Fricatives,10个)气流通过狭窄通道摩擦发声。
音标 | 分类 | 例词(英) | 拓展 |
/f/ | 清辅音 | fish /fɪʃ/ | five, four, fly, coffee, leaf |
/v/ | 浊辅音 | leave /liːv/ | five, very, love, have, save |
/θ/ | 清辅音 | thin /θɪn/ | thank, three, teeth, mouth, bath |
/ð/ | 浊辅音 | this /ðɪs/ | that, these, those, father, brother |
/s/ | 清辅音 | sun /sʌn/ | sister, sit, six, bus, miss |
/z/ | 浊辅音 | zoo /zuː/ | zero, rose, nose, his, is |
/ʃ/ | 清辅音 | ship /ʃɪp/ | fish, shoe, shop, brush, fresh |
/ʒ/ | 浊辅音 | Asia /eɪʒə/ | television, vision, measure, pleasure, garage |
/h/ | 清辅音 | hot /hɒt/ | hat, he, her, hello, house |
/r/ | 浊辅音 | rice /raɪs/ | red, run, rabbit,rabbit, cry |
3. 破擦音(Affricate,4个)爆破后立即转为摩擦音。
音标 | 分类 | 例词(英) | 拓展 |
/tʃ/ | 清辅音 | chair /tʃeə(r)/ | child, China, watch, catch, match |
/dʒ/ | 浊辅音 | job /dʒɒb/ | jam, orange, cage, bridge, judge |
/tr/ | 清辅音 | tree /triː/ | train, truck, try, trousers, country |
/dr/ | 浊辅音 | dress /dres/ | drink, drive, draw, dream, drop |
4. 鼻音(Nasals,3个)气流从鼻腔流出,口腔阻碍。
音标 | 例词(英) | 拓展 |
/m/ | man /mæn/ | map, mom, milk, summer, climb |
/n/ | net /net/ | pen, ten, nine, name, nice |
/ŋ/ | sing /sɪŋ/ | ring, long, song, thing, English |
5. 舌侧音(Laterals,1个)气流从舌两侧流出。
音标 | 例词(英) | 拓展 |
/l/ | leg /leɡ/ | ball, tall, girl, little, school |
6. 半元音(Semivowels,2个)发音接近元音但短暂,起辅音作用。
音标 | 例词(英) | 拓展 |
/j/ | yes /jes/ | yellow, you, your, year, young |
/w/ | we /wiː/ | window, water, what, white, want |
专项训练
一、单项选择(30 题)
1. 单词“bee”中字母组合“ee”的发音是( )
A. /iː/ B. /ɪ/ C. /e/
2. “hot”里字母“o”的发音为( )
A. /ɒ/ B. /əʊ/ C. /ɔː/
3. 下列音标中,属于清辅音的是( )
A. /b/ B. /d/ C. /p/
4. “chair”中划线部分的音标是( )
A. /tʃ/ B. /dʒ/ C. /tr/
5. “now”中字母组合“ow”的发音属于( )
6. ear ____________
7. pair ____________
8. tour ____________
9. pig ____________
10. dog ____________
11. tree ____________
12. lake ____________
13. park ____________
14. grass ____________
15. pond ____________
五、根据音标写单词(10 题)
1. /peɪn/ ____________
2. /laɪk/ ____________
3. /tɔɪ/ ____________
4. /həʊm/ ____________
5. /braʊn/ ____________
6. /nɪə(r)/ ____________
7. /heə(r)/ ____________
8. /ʃʊə(r)/ ____________
9. /pɪɡ/ ____________
10. /dɒɡ/ ____________
六、根据音标完成句子题(5 题)
1. I have a /bɪk/. It's very nice. (bike)
2. She likes to drink /kɔːfɪ/. (______)
3. The /bɔɪ/ is playing football. (______)
4. We go to school at /sevn/ o'clock. (______)
5. There is a big /kæt/ under the tree. (______)
七、音标拼写题(10 题)
根据所给的单词和提示,写出正确的音标。
1. cake (/______k/)
2. time (/t______m/)
3. noise (/n______z/)
4. phone (/f______n/)
5. down (/d______n/)
6. chair (/t______eə(r)/)
7. job (/d______b/)
8. tree (/tr______/)
9. dress (/dr______s/)
10. sing (/s______ŋ/)
参考答案