《外贸商函》从收到的报价信中收集信息（举一反三考点练）-讲义

举一反三考点练 《外贸商函》从收到的报价信中收集信息-讲义 1.掌握报盘的有效期表达方式； 2.掌握报盘中的条件限制和附加说明； 3.掌握订单类型及相关表达； 知识点一 报盘的有效期表达方式 在商务信函中，明确报盘的有效期非常重要，这关系到报盘是否仍然具有法律约束力。常用的表达方式有： “Our offer remains valid for/to + 时间” (我方的报盘……有效至……) “Our offer is open for/to + 时间” (我方的报盘……开放至……) “This offer is subject to acceptance within + 时间” (此报盘须在……内接受才有效) 相关词汇：valid, open, subject to, confirmation。 例句：Please note that our offer remains valid to May 3rd, 2019. (请注意，我方报盘有效期至2019年5月3日。) (单项选择题) Which phrase is the most appropriate way to express that an offer will expire on July 15th, 2025?（ ） A. Our offer is subject to confirmation by July 15th, 2025. B. Our offer remains valid until July 15th, 2025. C. We are open to offers until July 15th, 2025. D. Please confirm your acceptance before July 15th, 2025. 【答案】B 【解析】选项B "Our offer remains valid until July 15th, 2025" 直接且准确地表达了报盘的有效期截止到指定日期，符合 "Our offer remains valid for/to + 时间" 的表达方式。 【要点】考查表达报盘有效期截止日期的常用句式。 1.(单项选择题) In a business letter, the phrase "This offer is open for three weeks" means that the offer must be accepted within ______.（ ） A. one week B. two weeks C. three weeks D. four weeks 【答案】C 【解析】"This offer is open for three weeks" 使用了 "open for + 时间" 的表达方式，明确表示报盘开放接受的时间是三周，即必须在三周内接受才有效。 【要点】考查理解 "offer is open for + 时间" 所表达的接受期限。 2.(单项选择题) Which of the following sentences uses the term "subject to" correctly to indicate the time limit for accepting an offer?（ ） A. Our offer is subject to your immediate payment. B. This offer is subject to acceptance within 10 days. C. The validity of the offer is subject to market changes. D. Your order is subject to our final approval. 【答案】B 【解析】选项B "This offer is subject to acceptance within 10 days" 正确地使用了 "subject to + 名词短语" 的结构，其中的名词短语 "acceptance within 10 days" 明确指出了接受报盘的时间限制，符合 "This offer is subject to acceptance within + 时间" 的表达方式。其他选项中的 "subject to" 指的是其他条件（支付、市场变化、批准）。 【要点】考查 "subject to" 在表达报盘接受时间限制时的正确用法。 3.(判断题) The phrase "Our offer remains valid for June 30th, 2025" indicates that the offer can be accepted on July 1st, 2025.（ ） 【答案】× 【解析】"remains valid for June 30th, 2025" 通常意味着有效期截止到该日期结束，即不包括7月1日。因此，在7月1日该报盘已失效，不能接受。 【要点】考查对 "valid for/to + 具体日期" 表达有效期的理解，特别是截止日期的包含性。 1.(判断题) Both "Our offer is open to June 10th" and "Our offer remains valid until June 10th" convey the same meaning regarding the deadline for acceptance.（ ） 【答案】√ 【解析】在这两种表达方式中，"open to" 和 "valid until" 都清晰地表明了报盘必须在该日期（6月10日）或之前被接受，它们在表达接受截止日期方面含义相同。 【要点】考查对 "offer is open to + 日期" 和 "offer remains valid until + 日期" 两种表达方式在表示接受截止日期上是否等价的理解。 2.(填空题) Please confirm that you will accept the terms ______ the next working day; otherwise, our offer will lapse. (This offer is subject to acceptance within ______.) 【答案】before; the next working day 【解析】根据句意和括号中的提示 "This offer is subject to acceptance within + 时间"，空格处应填入表示“在...之内”的时间。第一个空需要填入介词 "before" 来表示在下一个工作日之前确认接受。第二个空直接填入时间 "the next working day"。 【要点】考查根据上下文和提示，使用 "subject to acceptance within + 时间" 的结构来填写接受期限。 3.(填空题) We are pleased to make you an offer for 100 units of Model X. The price is $50 per unit, ______ May 31st, 2025. (Our offer remains valid for/to ______.) 【答案】valid until; May 31st, 2025 【解析】根据句意和括号中的提示 "Our offer remains valid for/to + 时间"，空格处应填入表示有效期的短语。第一个空需要填入 "valid until" 来表示有效期截止到。第二个空直接填入具体日期 "May 31st, 2025"。 【要点】考查根据上下文和提示，使用 "valid for/to + 时间" 的结构来填写报盘的有效期。 · 在商务信函中，明确说明报盘的有效期对于其法律约束力至关重要。 · 常用表达如 "Our offer remains valid for/to..." 或 "Our offer is open for/to..." 来直接告知报盘的有效截止时间。 · 另一种方式是使用 "This offer is subject to acceptance within..."，强调在规定时间内接受报盘才有效。 · 相关词汇如 valid（有效的）、open（开放的）、subject to（取决于）和 confirmation（确认）是表达报盘有效期时的关键术语。 知识点二 报盘中的条件限制和附加说明 发出的报盘通常会附带一些条件或说明，以保护卖方利益或明确交易细节。 常见的包括： 以收到回复的时间为条件: 如 “subject to your reply reaching us within + 时间” (以贵方回复在……内到达我方为条件)。 以货物未售出为条件: 如 “subject to prior sale” 或 “subject to the goods being unsold” (以货物未售出为准)，表明如果在此之前货物已被卖给别人，此报盘则无效。 以卖方最后确认为准: 如 “subject to our final confirmation” (以我方最后确认为准)，保留卖方最终决定权。 相关词汇：subject to, prior sale, final confirmation。 例句：As requested, we are now making you, subject to your reply reaching us within 10 days, the following offer. (应贵方要求，现报盘如下，以贵方回复在10天内到达我方为条件。) (单项选择题) Which condition in an offer typically protects the seller by allowing them to reject the offer even after it has been made? ( ) A. Subject to your reply reaching us within 5 days. B. Subject to prior sale. C. Subject to our final confirmation. D. Subject to the goods being unsold. 【答案】C 【解析】"Subject to our final confirmation" (以我方最后确认为准) 明确保留了卖方的最终决定权，即使报盘已经发出，卖方仍可以最终拒绝。 【要点】考查报盘条件中保留卖方最终决定权的表述。 1.(单项选择题) The phrase "subject to the goods being unsold" means that the offer is valid only if: ( ) A. The buyer replies within the specified time. B. The seller confirms the offer before the deadline. C. The goods have not been sold to another party before the buyer accepts. D. The buyer provides a deposit before the offer expires. 【答案】C 【解析】"Subject to the goods being unsold" (以货物未售出为准) 意味着报盘的有效性取决于在买方接受之前，这些货物没有被卖给别人。如果货物已被售出，则此报盘无效。 【要点】考查“以货物未售出为条件”这一报盘条件的含义。 2.(单项选择题) In the sentence "We make you an offer, subject to your reply reaching us within one week," what does the condition "subject to your reply reaching us within one week" primarily serve to do? ( ) A. Ensure the goods are still available. B. Give the seller time to reconsider the offer. C. Set a deadline for the buyer to accept the offer and make it binding. D. Allow the seller to sell the goods to someone else if a better offer comes in. 【答案】C 【解析】"Subject to your reply reaching us within one week" (以贵方回复在一周内到达我方为条件) 设定了买方接受报盘的有效期限。如果买方未在此期限内回复，报盘通常就失效了，这使报盘在一定时间内具有约束力，但有时间限制。 【要点】考查“以收到回复的时间为条件”这一报盘条件的主要作用。 3.(判断题) The phrase "subject to prior sale" is used by sellers to indicate that the offer might be withdrawn if the goods have already been sold to another customer before the buyer's acceptance. ( ) 【答案】√ 【解析】"Subject to prior sale" (以先前售出为准) 正是表达了这种意思。它告知买方，如果货物在此之前已被卖掉，则当前的报盘无效。 【要点】考查对“以先前售出为准”这一报盘条件的理解。 1.(判断题) An offer that states "subject to our final confirmation" gives the buyer the right to cancel the offer at any time before the goods are shipped. ( ) 【答案】× 【解析】"Subject to our final confirmation" (以我方最后确认为准) 是卖方保留的权利，意味着卖方可以最终决定是否接受或执行该报盘，而不是买方的权利。买方一旦接受，通常不能随意取消，除非有其他约定或法律规定。 【要点】考查对“以卖方最后确认为准”这一报盘条件的理解，区分买卖双方的权利。 2.(填空题) The common phrase used in offers to indicate that acceptance must be received by the seller within a specific timeframe is "subject to your reply reaching us within ________." 【答案】five days（或10 days, a specified date) 【解析】“以收到回复的时间为条件”常用 "subject to your reply reaching us within + 时间" 的结构来表达，其中“+ 时间”部分需要具体指明期限。 【要点】考查“以收到回复的时间为条件”这一报盘条件的标准英文表达结构。 3.(填空题) To protect themselves from selling goods that might already be committed to another buyer, sellers often include the condition "subject to ________" or "subject to the goods being ________" in their offers. 【答案】prior sale / unsold 【解析】卖方常用 "subject to prior sale" (以先前售出为准) 或 "subject to the goods being unsold" (以货物未售出为准) 来确保在报盘有效期内货物未被他人买走。 【要点】考查用于保护卖方免于“一物二卖”风险的两种常见报盘条件的英文表述。 · 报盘时常附加条件以保护卖方利益，例如设定回复期限。 · 常见的限制条件包括声明货物可能已售出，使报盘失效。 · 卖方常保留最终确认权，确保对交易有最终决定权。 · 这些条件通常使用 "subject to" 等短语来表达其约束性。 知识点三 订单类型及相关表达 在商务往来中，根据订单的性质和阶段，有不同的称谓。了解这些术语有助于准确沟通业务需求。 首次订单/试订单: initial order, trial order (通常指新客户或新产品的第一次订购)。 追加订单/续订单: further orders, repeat order (指在已有业务基础上的再次订购)。 新订单: fresh/new order (相对于旧订单而言)。 相关词汇：initial, trial, repeat, further, fresh, new, order。 例句：We hope this initial order will be the start of a long and mutually beneficial business relationship. (我们希望这次首批订单将是长期互惠互利业务关系的开端。) (单项选择题) A customer who has already purchased your products once places an order for the same items again. What type of order is this most likely to be called? ( ) A. Initial order B. Trial order C. Repeat order D. Fresh order 【答案】C 【解析】"repeat order" (续订单) 指的是在已有业务基础上的再次订购，符合题干描述。 【要点】考查对“续订单”定义的理解。 1.(单项选择题) When a new client places their very first order with your company, which term is most appropriate to describe this order? ( ) A. Further order B. Repeat order C. Initial order D. New order 【答案】C 【解析】"initial order" (首次订单) 通常指新客户或新产品的第一次订购。 【要点】考查对“首次订单”适用场景的理解。 2.(单项选择题) Which of the following terms would be used to describe an order placed by a returning customer for additional quantities of products they have bought before? ( ) A. Trial order B. Initial order C. Repeat order D. Subject to order 【答案】C 【要点】考查对“续订单”与“追加订单”概念的理解，以及术语的准确性。 3.(判断题) A "trial order" is typically placed by an existing customer who wants to test a new product line offered by the supplier. ( ) 【答案】√ 【要点】考查对“试订单”概念外延的理解。 1.(判断题) The term "fresh order" is commonly used to refer to the very first order a company ever receives. ( ) 【答案】× 【解析】“fresh order”指的是相对于旧订单而言的新订单，不一定是最初的第一个订单，可以是任何时间点上的新订单，以区别于之前的旧订单。 【要点】考查对“新订单”与“首次订单”区别的理解。 2.(填空题) We are pleased to receive your first purchase. This is a/an _______ order, and we hope it marks the beginning of a good business relationship. 【答案】initial / trial 【解析】“initial order” (首次订单) 或 “trial order” (试订单) 都可以用来描述第一次的订单，特别是当它来自新客户时。 【要点】考查在特定语境下选择合适的订单类型词汇。 3.(填空题) After successfully fulfilling your first order, we look forward to receiving your _______ orders in the near future. 【答案】repeat / further 【解析】“repeat order” (续订单) 或 “further orders” (追加订单) 都表示在已有业务基础上的再次订购。 【要点】考查在特定语境下选择合适的后续订单类型词汇。 · 商务订单根据其性质和阶段有不同的称谓，便于沟通。 · 来自新客户或新产品的第一次订购常被称为首次订单或试订单。 · 在已有业务基础上再次订购的订单被称为追加订单或续订单。 · 新订单是一个相对概念，用于区分当前订单与之前的旧订单。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$