2025年人教版九年级英语中考一轮动词时态讲义

考点一、动词的时态 （一）一般现在时 ①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。 I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。 ②表示客观事实、真理。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 ③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。 I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 ④表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于 start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive，return，take place 等。 构成： · 一般情况直接加-s · 以s,o,x,ch,sh结尾，加-es · 以辅音字母加y结尾，变Y为i加es · 不规则变化 例题解析： —Sunshine Taxi Service. Can I help you? —My plane ________ off at 11:30 in the morning. Can you send a taxi no later than 9 o’clock? A．takes B．took C．has taken D．will be take （二）一般过去时 ①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？ —I went swimming. 我去游泳了。 ②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 2. 一般过去时的基本结构 ①实义动词 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。 否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。 I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。 一般疑问句及其回答：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t / did not. —Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗？ —Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的，我去了。/ 不，我没去。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？ —Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了？ —I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。 ② be 动词 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他. I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他. I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。 一般疑问句及其回答：Were/Was + 主语 + 其他? —Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗？ —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的，我在家。/ 不，我不在家。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他? —Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪？ —I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 构成： · 一般情况，结尾加-ed · 以不发音的E结尾，加d · 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i加ed · 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母，在加ed 一般过去时的用法 （1）表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与 yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day 等连用。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事? （2）在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。 We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 注意： 表示过去经常发生的动作还可用 used to 和 would。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。 表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用 and 连结。 He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。 注意在语境中理解＂我刚才/原来还不......＂。 —Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗？我刚才没听清楚。 —It’s 2566666. 是 2566666。 口诀：一般过去时 肯定句的过去式，规则动词加-ed，不规则的必须记。 否定形式疑问句，没有 be 加 did。 如把 did 加在前，动词也要还原形。 例题解析 1．—Wendy, how long have you had the Huawei P30 Pro? —A couple of days. I ________ it last week. A．bought B．have bought C．buy 2．—Has your sister come back from Yunnan? —Yes. He ______there for two months to help training teachers in the countryside. A．stays B．stayed C．has stayed D．will stay （三）一般将来时 一般将来时主要构成形式 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。 1. will/shall+动词原形，shall 用于第一人称，常被 will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称，will not=won’t，shall not=shan’t。 Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？ 2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划、安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨快来了。 3. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 4. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 be going to 和 will 的区别 1. be going to 主要用于： a. 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。 What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么？ Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算看歌剧。 I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。 She’s going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。 b. 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。 Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集，要下雨了。 2. will 主要用于在以下几个方面： a. 表示单纯的未来＂将要＂，通用各个人称。 They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。 I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。 b. 表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。 He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他将三十岁了。 c. 问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。 Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗？ 一般将来时特殊用法： 1. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to talk about the report next Saturday. 2. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能与 tomorrow，next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 3. 有些表趋向性的动词可用进行时表将来，如：go，come，arrive，fly(飞往)，reach（到达），stay，leave，start，die 等。 I’m going to go to the zoo this weenend.= I’m going to the zoo this weenend. He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris. The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。 例题解析： 1.—I want to know if you ________ to Lisa’s birthday party on Sunday afternoon? —I’d love to. If she ________ me, I will arrive on time. A．will go; will invite B．will go; invites C．go; invites 2.—What do you think of ChatGPT? —I think it ________ the way people work and live in the future. A．changes B．will change C．has changed 3.— Jenny, do you know if your mother ________ back tomorrow? — Sorry, I don’t know. As soon as she ________ home, I will tell her to call you. A．comes; will get B．will come; gets to C．will come; gets 4.— What are you saving money for? — Father’s Day is around the corner. I ________ a gift for my father. A．am going to buy B．have bought C．bought （四）现在进行时 现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由＂be+现在分词（v-ing）＂构成。be 应为助动词，一定不要漏掉！它应与主语的人称和数保持一致，即：I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用 is，you/we/they 包括复数名词用 are。 1. 现在分词变化规则如下： a. 动词后直接+- ing（例：sleep+-ing→sleeping） b. 去掉不发音的 e+-ing（例：bite-e+-ing→biting） c. 重读闭音节，且末尾只有 1 个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+-ing（例：sitting，beginning，getting，putting，running，stopping，cutting） d. 特殊变化：die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying 2. 句式构成如下： 肯定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+现在分词+其他。 They are having an English class. 他们在上英语课。 否定句式：主语+be（am，is，are）+not +现在分词+其他。 They aren’t having an English class. 他们不在上英语课。 一般疑问句：Be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ Are they having an English class? 他们在上英语课吗? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be（am，is，are）+主语+现在分词+其他？ What are you doing now? 你现在在做什么？ 现在进行时的应用 A 表示现在（ 指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you. B. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C. 已经确定或安排好的将来活动。 I’m leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了） We’re flying to Paris tomorrow.（票已经拿到了） 在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况： （1）当句子中有 now 时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。 They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。 （2）以 look，listen 开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。 Listen! She is singing an English song. 听，她正在唱英语歌。 （3）表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有 this week，these days 等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。 We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。 （4）描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。 Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别 (1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情) I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为) (2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。 What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么？ They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。 (3)表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick,skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。 The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。 (5) 某些表示希望或想法的动词(如 hope, wonder, want 等)的进行时可以表示委婉客气。 I’m wondering whether you can help us now. 我不知道你现在能否给我们帮一个忙。 四类动词不用进行时 英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时) 1. 表心理状态、情感的动词，如 love, hate, like, care, respect, please, prefer, know 等，若用进行时则词义改变。 2. 表存在、状态的动词，如 appear, exist, lie, remain, stand, seem 等 3. 表感觉的动词，如 see, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste 等 4. 表一时性的动词，如 accept, allow, admit, decide, end, refuse, permit, promise 等。 现在进行时的特殊用法 1.现在进行时表将来 意为：意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay 等。 I’m leaving tomorrow. 现在进行时巧记口诀 look, listen 是标志，现在进行正发生； 有时 now 在句中现，＂be＋v-ing＂时态成。 若问 be 用何形式，须看主语数、人称。 he/she is, I am，we, you, they 后 are 紧跟。 v-ing 形式更好记，三种构成要分清。 一般问句 be 提前，be 后加 not 否定成！ 例题解析： 1.—Hurry up! Miss Smith ________ for you in the teachers’ office. —I am in big trouble. A．waits B．waited C．is waiting （5） 过去进行时 过去进行的结构 肯定句：主语+ was / were + 现在分词. I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。 否定句：主语+was/were not + 现在分词. I wasn’t walking down the street when a UFO landed. 疑问句：Was/Were not + 主语 + 现在分词? Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were not + 主语 + 现在分词? What were you doing when a UFO landed? 过去进行时的用法 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语 then, at that time, this time, yesterday 等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home. (2)叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用 While。 I was studying at college while my brother was teaching at university. (3)表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 过去进行的特殊用法 1. 表示临时性 即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。 It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生去年我住在巴黎的时候。 2. 表示重复 过去进行时有时可以与 always, constantly, continually, forever 等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。 They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。 She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。 注意：现在进行时也有类似用法，但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作，而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 例题解析： 1．—Remember the first time we met, Jim? —Of course I do. You ________ in the library. A．read B．had read C．were reading D．have read 2.—I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered. —I __________ my pet dog in the park at that time. A．am walking B．was walking C．will walk 3.—Tony, I called you but you didn’t answer. —Oh, sorry. I together with my cousins ________ watching a movie in the cinema. A．were B．was C．is 4.Alex with his friends ________ the mountains at the time of the rainstorm. A．is climbing B．was climbing C．are climbing D．were climbing （6） 现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 现在完成时基本结构： 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 过去分词变化规则如下： 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be 动词表示)，常与 for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：He has lived here since 1978. 自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for 和 since 的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：......时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从......以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 现在完成时与一般过去时区别 现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间 。 I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与 already，yet，just，ever，never，before 等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week 等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 例题解析 1.Miss Zhang along with the other teachers in her office ________ many flowers and letters since two years ago.A．received B．have received C．has received 2.After the long flight, now we are at the Capital Airport. We hope you _________ your flight with our airline this evening. A．have enjoyed B．will enjoy C．are enjoying D．enjoy 考点二、被动语态 被动语态的各种时态形式 （1） 被动语态的句型 肯定句：主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句：主 语 + be + not +过去分词( + by...) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句：Be + 主 语 + 过 去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + be +主 语 + 过 去 分 词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? （2） 用法 不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？ The book was published in 2005. 这本书是 2005 年出版的。 强调动作的承受者 School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。 句法修饰的需要 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。 表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。 有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。 It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是 来自新西兰的一位教授。 （3） 主动变被动 ①＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂ 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，谓语改为被动形式。如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。 The famous professor gave two lectures in English. →Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。 ②＂主语 + 间接宾语+直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语 而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词 to 或 or。 The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation. →I was given some good advice on the pronunciation. →Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation. 老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。 ③含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。 We call him Li Hua.→He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。 【易错警示】 感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号 to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。 They saw her enter the meeting room just now. →She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。 含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。 They take good care of these children. →These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。 （4） 主动形式表示被动意义 表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound 等。 This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。 某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth 等。 The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组： be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着 例题解析： 1． —Have you seen Full River Red? 2． —Yes. We ________ to watch it in Chinese class last month. A．suggested B．are suggested C．were suggested D．suggest 2．A large number of athletes ________ to come to Chengdu for the 31st Summer World University Games in July. A．is expected B．are expected C．expect 3.—Linda, shall we go to fly kites in the Central Park? —Sure, I will go with you as soon as my homework ________. A．is finished B．will be finished C．finishes 4．—Are you going to Tom’s birthday party this Sunday? —Unless I ________. A．am inviting B．will be invited C．am invited D．will be inviting 5.The Ministry of Education（教育部）announces that mobile phones ________ to take into school in China now because they are bad for the students. A．haven’t allowed B．are allowed C．aren’t allowed D．allow 6.Nowadays, more and more actions _________ to reduce the waste of food. A．are taken B．have taken C．take D．are taking 考点三、非谓语动词之动名词 【注意】非谓语动词是在句子中除了谓语动词之外的动词，不做谓语成分，一个句子中只有一个谓语动词，剩下的都是非谓语。 （1） 动名词的句法功能 （1）作主语 动名词作主语，放在句子的前面，但当动名词短语较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。 Reading makes a man perfect.阅读使人完美。 ①it 作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语的常用句型： 1.It is a waste of time doing sth ...做......是浪费时间。 2.It is no good/no use doing ...做......是不好的/没用的。 3.It is hardly/scarcely worth doing ...做......不值得。 4.It is worth/worthwhile doing ...做......是值得的。如： 5.It is no good reading in the sun.在阳光下看书是不好的。 6.It is useless remembering words only.只记单词是没有用的。 7.It is a waste of time doing such a thing.做这种事情是浪费时间。 8.It is worth discussing the problem.讨论这个问题是值得的。 ②动名词作主语常用于 there be 句型。如： There is no point doing such a silly thing.做这样一件傻事毫无意义。 There is no stopping him.无法阻止他。 ③动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如： Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。 （2）作宾语 动名词作宾语，既可用于及物动词和短语动词后作宾语，也可用于介词后作介词的宾语。如： He enjoys reading stories.他喜欢读故事。 I dislike playing cards.我不喜欢打牌。 注意： ①并不是所有的及物动词都可以用动名词作宾语，动名词只能做某些及物动词及短语动词的宾语。可以用动名词作宾语的动词常用的有：enjoy，finish，spend，mind，keep，practice，stop，admit，advise，allow，avoid，dislike，miss，suggest。 可以用动名称作宾语的短语动词有：can't help，give up，keep on，feel like，carry on，put off，insist on，get down to，look forwards to，be/get used to 等。 （3）作表语 动名词作表语，有两种情况：①当动名词具有名词性质时，动名词短语说明主语的内容；②当动名词具有形容词性质时，动名词说明主语的性质或特征。如： His job is teaching English.他的工作是教英语。（说明工作的内容） His job is interesting.他的工作很有趣。（说明工作的特征） 注意： 当动词-ing 的动作是主语所发出时，句子不是系表结构，而是现在进行时。如： He is teaching Japanese at that school.他在那所学校教日语。（现在进行时） （4）作定语 动名词或动名词短语作定语，有的放在它所修饰的名词之前，有的放在它所修饰的名词之后。 ①单个的动名词作定语时，总是位于被修饰的名词之前，说明被修饰名词的目的、用途或特征。如：China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。 ②动名词后接名词、代词或副词构成的短语作定语时，总是位于所修饰的名词之后，说明名词所处的状态或进行的动作。如： The boy studying in the classroom is Li Lei.在教室里学习的那个男孩是李雷。 Don't trouble the dog sleeping over there .不要惹是生非。 （5）作同位语 动名词作同位语，位于同位的名词之后，且跟前面的名词用逗号隔开，表示前面名词的内容。如：His idea，helping farmers get in their crops，interested us very much.我们对他那帮助农民收割庄稼的想法很感兴趣。 The goal，making two thousand cars this month，excites the workers.本月生产两千辆小汽车的目标使工人们很兴奋。 （三）常见跟动词的 ing 形式的情况总结归纳 动词： finish doing sth.完成做某事； enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事； practice doing sth. 练习做某事 ；imagine doing,想象做某事； avoid doing sth.避免做某事； consider doing sth.考虑做某事； suggest doing sth.建议做某事； mind doing sth.介意做某事； keep doing sth.持续做 我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like） 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind） ②固定短语： feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事； be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 be worth doing 值得做某事； spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事； have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth 做某事有困难； have fun doing.做某事高兴 ③介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by 等) 如：be good at doing sth= do well in doing sth..； thank you for doing sth.； give up doing sth.； stop/keep/prevent sb. from doing sth.； be afraid of doing sth.； be interested in doing sth.； be proud of； instead of； be fond of ④to 作介词+doing 1. look forward to doing sth （盼望） 2.pay attention to doing sth.（注意） 3.be used to doing sth. （习惯于） 4.prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢） 5.devote...... to doing sth （致力于） 6. make a contribution to doing （做贡献） 例题解析： 1． Nowadays the volunteers from the charity are busy money for the children who have infantile autism (自闭症). (collect) 2.After (finish) doing your homework, you can have a good rest. 3．Thanks a lot for (invite) me to your house. 4．To avoid （hit）the truck, he ran into the wall and his arm was badly hurt. 5．All the students are looking forward to (meet) the famous singer. 6．—The window is broken and needs ________. —I think so. They can hardly keep out the cold now. A．repairing B．to repair C．repaired D．be repaired 7．—What do you remember about Grade Seven, Jane? —I remember ________ the Old People’s Home. A．visit B．to visit C．visiting D．visited 当堂练习： 1．—Did you see anyone walk into my office, Jack? —Sorry, I didn’t notice it, for my teacher （explain）the math problem for me. 2．Dear Friend, since you (grow) up, you can make decisions by yourself. 3．We all think those soldiers who have （service）our country for many yearsshould be well paid. 4．I (read) the English novel for nearly a month, but it will take me another week to finish it. 5．—Has your cousin returned from the USA? —No. She (stay) there for another week. 6．—Why won’t you go to the movies with them this Sunday? —Because I ________ the film twice. A．watched B．have watched C．will watch D．was watching 7．—Remember the first time we met? —Always in my mind. You ________ a novel called Treasure Island. A．read B．are reading C．were reading 8．—I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered. —I __________ my pet dog in the park at that time. A．am walking B．was walking C．will walk 9．Tom used to _____ problems _____ along with his roommates, but now he can get on well with them. A．having; getting B．have; get C．have; getting D．having; get 10．It’s 1:30 pm now. Half the class ________ in class one. A．is sing B．is singing C．are singing D．sings 11.I’m really looking forward ________ with you on the project. A．work B．to work C．working D．to working 12．—I feel really tired after working for a long time. —Why not consider ________ a break? A．have B．to have C．Having 13．I think ________ not difficult ________ English every morning. A．that; keep reading B．it’s; to keep reading C．that; to keep read D．it; to keep to read 14．—Mr. Lee is an animal-lover. He spends as much time as he can ________ animals. —He is a true friend of animals. A．protect B．protects C．to protect D．protecting 15．Many students have difficulty ________ with their parents, which causes trouble in their life. A．communicate B．to communicate C．communicating D．communicated 16．—Would you mind my ________ here? —Better not. If you do that, you will be fined (罚款). A．smoke B．to smoke C．smoking D．smokeing 17．I asked Uncle Tom to stop ________ because he didn’t feel well. A．smoke B．smoked C．to smoke D．smoking 18．I’m sleepy. I prefer ________ at home to ________ out for a walk. A．sleeping; going B．to sleep; go C．slept; go D．sleep; going 19．Recently, ________ in public places is forbidden. A．smoke B．to smoke C．smoked D．smoking 20．I often practice ________ the piano in the morning, but my neighbors don’t mind ________ the sound. A．play; hearing B．playing; hearing C．playing; to hear 家庭作业 In America, an increasing number of middle and high schools now require students to serve a certain number of community service hours before they can graduate. And some parents ask their children to do volunteer work year round even if it’s not mandatory (强制性的) at school. Volunteering has important benefits (益处), such as learning new skills and developing responsibility.However, some people question whether community service is worthwhile if students are forced (强迫，迫使) to take part. Some people say that many teenagers’ schedules (日常安排) are filled with homework and after-school programs, and forcing them to do other activities will make them stressed out. “Adding community service to teenagers’ already crowded schedules makes it feel like an unpleasant and boring task,” says Ellison, 15, a student from Bay Head, New Jersey. Other people say that mandatory service will lead students to believe that they should only help others when they receive an immediate benefit in return, and finally discourage them from volunteering later in life。 Studies show that teenagers who volunteer are more likely to do better in school and are less likely to take part in risky behaviors. They also get social skills and work experience that can pay off later in life. However, if many busy teenagers are given a choice, they would simply skip voluntary service. That’s why requiring community service is important, supporters say. In addition, there is little proof (证据) to support that mandatory community service weakens young people’s motivation (动机) to join in future service. In fact, studies show that mandatory service is connected with strong wish to take part in future volunteering. As a high school student in New York, Bellamy Richardson, now 18, had to do 75 hours of community service before graduation. At first, she was worried how she could find that much time. But to her surprise, she not only met the service requirement sooner than she’d expected, but also learned a lot, and found that she loved volunteering. Bellamy is now glad that her service wasn’t by choice。“Requiring community service would give other people the chance l had,” she said. So ask yourself: Would you volunteer if it weren’t mandatory? Could the benefits of volunteering make it worthwhile no matter how teenagers take part? I suppose community service is something that should be encouraged even if it is just a duty at the beginning. 1．Some people are against mandatory community service because ________. A．it has bad effect on students study B．it makes students worried and bored C．students have no ability to do it D．students get little immediate benefit from it 2．The word “skip” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”. A．give up performing B．get interested in C．have fun in doing D．enjoy benefits from 3．What can we learn from the example of Bellamy Richardson? A．Students take part in community service because of strong love. B．Many students don’t have the chances to offer community service. C．Mandatory service makes students lose wish to volunteer in the future. D．It’s possible and good for students to meet schools service requirement. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To express support for mandatory community service. B．To say the importance of balancing volunteer work and study. C．To discuss the bad influence of volunteer work on students future life. D．To remind people of the disadvantages of mandatory community service. Jacky feels different these days. He isn’t as playful as usual and doesn’t like to talk much. Some of us may feel like Jacky sometimes. When unexpected things happen, we can feel like this. There are also some other things that can put us in bad moods. Here are some examples. We might feel bad if we’re not getting along well with our friends, or if we do poorly on an exam. Having bad moods too often can affect our mental (心理) health. The 4 habits below can harm our mental health. > Sleep too little A lack of sleep can make us feel bad. > Lack of exercise For the best result, try to do no less than 30 minutes of exercise three to five times a week. > Bad diets Studies have shown that eating cakes and bread in large quantities, and low amounts of fruit and vegetable will increase the risk of depression (沮丧) and mood disorders. Being inside all day Spending the most of our day indoors can increase our risk for depression. Don’t be afraid of having bad moods. The tips below can help us overcome them. Accept our moods No one can be happy all the time. Our friends and parents can also have bad moods sometimes. Bad moods are normal. Accept this first and then we can find ways to deal with them. Let our bad feelings out When we feel unhappy or upset, don’t hide our feelings or pretend nothing is wrong. We can find a comfortable way to let them out. > We can talk to our parents or friends. > We can write bout our feelings in our diary. We can read our favourite books. We can play sports or do some other kinds of activities. Set a new goal Messing up (搞砸) something can put us in a bad mood, too. But we can just try harder next time. For example: We didn’t win a soccer game. Try to score a goal next time. >We didn’t do well on an exam. Try to get five more points next time. We had an argument with our friend. Next time, try to talk to him or her in a nice way. Remember that bad things will end No matter what makes us feel bad, it will end at last. Remembering this will help us feel better. 29．What can affect our mental health? A．Feeling different sometimes. B．Doing well on exams. C．Getting along well with our friends. D．Having bad moods too often. 30．The underlined word “them” refers to ________. A．our friends B．our parents C．bad moods D．some tips 31．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．How to be different. B．How to exercise. C．How to get rid of bad moods. D．How to get rid of bad diets. 32．If Jacky reads about the article, what will he probably do to make himself playful again?A．He will probably have a talk with his parents. B．He will probably argue with his friend. C．He will probably remember his bad feelings. D．He will probably mess up something. 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$