第04讲 Unit 2 语法（不定代词、副词和感叹句）及单元写作及单元写作-【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（仁爱科普版2024）

第04讲 Unit2语法（不定代词/副词和感叹句）及单元写作及单元写作 内容导航 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 考点一 不定代词/副词的用法 定义：不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词，表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。 一、初中常见复合不定代词一览表 some- any- no- every- -body somebody（某人） anybody（任何人） nobody（没有人） everybody（每人） -one someone（某人） anyone（任何人） no one（没有人） everyone（每人） -thing something（某事） anything（任何事） nothing（没有东西） everything（每件事） 2.复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Someone is crying in the room. 有人在房间里哭泣。 3.当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，必须放在其后。如： There is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else？ 我们还需要一名帮手。你能帮我们再找个人吗？ 【拓展】 1.常见含复合不定代词的句型： ①There is something wrong with... ……出问题了。 ②...have something/nothing to do with... ……与……有关/无关 ③sb. can do nothing but... 某人什么都不能做，只能…… ④There is nothing to... 没有什么要…… 2.somebody， anybody可指有一点地位或小有名气的人物；nobody指没有地位或默默无闻的人物。something往往指了不起的东西；nothing指无关紧要的东西。如： He thinks himself somebody， but we think him nobody. 他自以为是重要人物，但我们觉得他什么也不是。（20二、复合不定副词是由some, any, no, every加-where构成 复合不定副词在句中作状语，前面的介词要省略，跟here there home前不加to一样的道理。 例如：I want to go somewhere special. （状语） 三、常见普通不定代词的用法 （1）some、any的用法 用法 例句 some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词 Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。(修饰不可数名词) Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗？(修饰可数名词) some多用于肯定句；在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any Some of the boys are good at swimming. 一些男孩擅长游泳。 Will you give me some water? 请给我一些水好吗? any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中；用于肯定句中，表示＂任何＂ If you have any questions, please ask me. 如果你有问题，可以问我。 Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子都需要爱。 some和any可以用来修饰单数名词，some表示＂某一＂；any表示＂任何的＂ Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 某天中国人将会飞上月球。 （2）few，a few，little，a little的用法 用法 用于可数名词 用于不可数名词 表示肯定概念 a few虽少，但有几个 a little虽少，但有一点 表示否定概念 few不多，几乎没有 little不多，没有什么 （3）other，the other，others，the others，another的用法 用法 例句 other 某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面要跟单数名词或复数名词，泛指别的 Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里? others 其他。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西，常用于＂some... others＂结构 Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的，另一些是黑的。 the other 两个中的另一个，剩下的一个。特指，常用于＂one... the other...＂结构 She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐，一个是护士，另一个是老师。 the others 其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外，其他都是中国人。 another 另一个(指多个中的任何一个)，可单独用，也可接单数名词或名词复数，表示＂另几个，再几个＂ You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里，不是吗? （4）all，both，none，either，neither的用法 用法 例句 all ①侧重指三者或三者以上＂都，全部，一切＂，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语； all于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定使用none。 All the students are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。 Not all books are good.(= All books are not good. 不是所有的书都是好书。 【知识拓展】all作主语，指代人时，谓语动词使用复数形式，指代事情时，谓语动词一般使用单数；作同位语时，all在句中的位置与both相同。 All goes very well. 一切进展非常顺利。 both ①表示＂两者都＂，可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语； ②用于否定句表示部分否定，全部否定使用neither； ③both... and＂两者都，既……又……＂。 They both are not workers. 他们两个不都是工人。 Both Carl and Jeff are good at playing football. 卡尔和杰夫都擅长踢足球 【知识拓展】both作主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式；作主语的同位语时，位于be动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。 Both of them have been to Beijing. 他们两人都去过北京。 They all enjoyed it. 他们都喜欢它。 none ①意为＂没有人，没有一个，一点儿也没有，作主语和宾语，不作定语； ②none指代可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可，而指代不可数名词时，谓语动词必须使用单数形式。 None of the books are mine. 这些书都不是我的。 None of the rubbish has been removed. 垃圾一点也没运走。 【易错警示】none与no one的区别：none既可指人，又可指物，而no one意为＂没有人＂，只能用于指人。作主语时，谓语用单数；none可以与of搭配，而no one无此用法；none用于回答how many或how much引出的特殊疑问句，而no one用于回答who引出的特殊疑问句。 —How many students are there in the classroom now? 现在教室里有多少学生？ —None. 没有一个人。 —Who is in the classroom now? 现在谁在教室呢？ —No one. 没人。 either ①表示＂两者中任何一个＂，可作主语、宾语和定语； ②either作主语时，谓语动词应使用单数形式；作定语时，修饰单数名词。 You can park on either side of the street. 你在街道的哪边停车都可以。 The two guests have arrived and either is welcome. 两个客人都到了，而且都受欢迎。 【知识拓展】 （1）either可用于搭配＂either... or...＂，意为＂或者……或者……；要么……要么……＂。 Either he or I am to blame. 或者他或者我将受到责备。 （2）either可作为副词，意为＂也＂，用于否定句的句末。 He won’ t go and I won’ t go either. 他不去，我也不去。 neither ①意为＂两者都不＂，可作主语、宾语和定语； ②neither... nor...＂既不……也不……＂。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。 Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。 【易错警示】neither作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式；作定语时，修饰单数名词。 1．—Is there ________ in your life? —Yes, of course. A．something lucky B．anything lucky C．lucky something D．lucky anything 2．—I don’t think ________ knows the answer to this question. —Really? Let’s ask the teacher for help then. A．anyone B．someone C．everyone D．no one 3．—Who can finish the work in an hour? —The work is so easy that ________ can do it well quickly. A．someone B．nobody C．anyone 4．—The job isn’t very easy, but I’m sure ________ can do it. —I think so. Sandy may do it. A．someone B．anyone C．everyone D．no one 5．There must be _________ knocking at the door. It may be a stranger trying to sell something. A．everyone B．no one C．someone D．anyone 6．—Did you go ________ during your holiday? —Yes, we visited the Butterfly Spring with my cousin. A．interesting somewhere B．somewhere interesting C．anywhere interesting D．interesting anywhere 7．—Would you like chicken or pork? —________. I just want some fish. A．Both B．Either C．Neither 8．Tom wanted to keep on playing basketball, and ________ of his parents encouraged him a lot. A．neither B．both C．either D．all 9．He feels lonely. He has __________ friends here except me. A．many B．some C．few D．more 10．—Mum, there aren’t _________ eggs in the fridge. We’d better go to the supermarket to buy _________. —OK. Let’s go. A．some; any B．any; some C．any; any D．some; some · 思路点拨： 1．句意：——你生活中有幸运的事吗？——当然有。考查不定代词用法。something用于肯定句；anything用于疑问句或否定句；形容词修饰不定代词需后置。根据“Is there…”可知是疑问句，且“lucky”需置于不定代词后，所以填anything lucky。故选B。 2．句意：——我想没有人知道这个问题的答案。——真的吗？那我们去找老师帮忙吧。考查不定代词辨析。anyone任何人；someone有人；everyone 每个人；no one没有人。根据“I don’t think…knows the answer to this question.”及“Really? Let’s ask the teacher for help then.”可知，此处指的是我认为没有人知道答案。anyone“任何人”，一般用于否定句和疑问句中。故选A。 3．句意：——谁能在一小时内完成这项工作？——工作很容易，任何人很快就能做好。考查复合不定代词。someone某人；nobody没有人；anyone任何人。根据“The work is so easy that ... can do it well quickly.”可知，因为工作很容易，所以任何人都能很快做好。故选C。 4．句意：——这份工作并不简单，但我相信有人能胜任。——我也这样认为。Sandy也许能行。 考查不定代词someone。someone某个人；anyone任何人；everyone每个人；no one没有人。根据“The job isn’t very easy”和“Sandy may do it.”可知，这份工作不简单，但是有人能胜任，Sandy也许可以。故选A。 5．句意：一定有人在敲门。可能是一个陌生人想卖东西。考查代词辨析。everyone每一个人；no one没有人；someone某人；anyone任何人。根据“There must be...knocking at the door.”可知，这里表示某个人在敲门。故选C。 6．句意：——假期里你去过什么有趣的地方吗？——是的，我和我的表妹去了蝴蝶泉。考查不定副词和定语后置。somewhere某处；anywhere任何地方，用于疑问句和条件从句时表示某个地方；interesting有趣的。根据“Did you go…during your holiday?”可知本句是一般疑问句，因此用anywhere，形容词interesting修饰anywhere时要后置。故选C。 7．句意：——你想要鸡肉还是猪肉？——都不要。我只想要一些鱼肉。考查代词辨析。Both两者（都）；Either两者中的任意一个；Neither两者（都不）。根据“chicken or pork?”以及答语“I just want some fish.”可知此处是说两者都不要，只想要一些鱼肉，Neither符合语境。故选C。 8．句意：汤姆想继续打篮球，他的父母都鼓励了他很多。考查代词辨析。neither两者都不；both两者都；either两者之一；all全部，三者及以上。根据“of his parents”可知，此处指“父母两人都鼓励他”，强调两者都，故选B。 9．句意：他感到孤独。除了我以外，他在这里几乎没有朋友。考查形容词辨析。many许多；some一些；few几乎没有；more更多的。根据“He feels lonely.”可知，他几乎没有朋友，表否定意义，且修饰可数名词 friends，故用 few。故选C。 10．句意：——妈妈，冰箱里没有鸡蛋了。我们最好去超市买些。——好的。我们走吧。考查不定代词。some通常用于肯定句中，表示“一些”；any通常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“任何”或“一些”。空格1在否定句中用any，空格2在肯定句中用some。故选B。 · 答案 1-5 BACAC 6-10 CCBCB 考点二 感叹句的用法 　　感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情，通常用what或how引导。 1.what引导的感叹句（中心词为名词） ①What ＋ a/an ＋ adj.＋单数可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！如： What a kind heart you have！ 你的心肠真好！ ②What ＋ adj. ＋不可数名词/可数名词复数（＋主语＋谓语）！如： What interesting stories he’s told us！ 他给我们讲的故事真有趣！ What great progress she has made！ 她取得了多么大的进步啊！ 2.how引导的感叹句（中心词为形容词或副词） ①How ＋ adj./adv.（＋主语＋谓语）！如： How clever the boy is！ 这男孩真聪明！ ②How ＋ adj. ＋ a/an ＋单数可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！如： How clever a boy he is！ 他真是个聪明的男孩！ ③How＋主语＋谓语！如： How time flies！ 时间过得真快呀！ 【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句： 1.凡是以a/an开头的，多用what； 2.凡是形容词直接加名词的，多用what；此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况，如：weather，news，advice，fun，information，work，traffic等； 3.其他一般用how。 口诀助记：感叹句要记牢，句子主谓先划掉，再来确定what/how；再在形容词后找，若有名词用what，没有名词用how。 1．—The movie Ne Zha has been among the best of cartoon films. ________ it is! —Exactly. Even my 5-year-old cousin was deeply attracted. A．What success B．How success C．What a success D．How a success 2．—Jane won the first prize in the English speech contest. —________ big progress she has made! She used to be weak in English. A．How B．How a C．What D．What a 3．________ interesting the storybook is! A．What B．What an C．How D．How an 4．________ good news! The music festival held in the Sculpture Park was really a success. A．What a B．What C．How a D．How 5．Jeff can do math problems fast in his mind. ________ clever boy he is! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a · 思路点拨： 1．句意：——电影《哪吒》已成为最优秀的卡通电影之一。它多么成功啊！——确实。就连我5岁的表弟都被深深吸引了。  考查感叹句用法。根据题干结构“... it is!”可知此处考查“What + (a/an) + adj. + n.”或“How + adj./adv.”的感叹句结构。success作为“成功的事”时为可数名词，此处应使用“What a success”表示“多么成功的一件事”。故选C。 2．句意：——简在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。——她取得了多大的进步啊！她过去英语很差。考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知，此句为感叹句，中心词为不可数名词progress，用what引导感叹句，结构为句型“What + 形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!”。故选C。 3．句意：这本故事书真有趣！考查感叹句。感叹句的结构为“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！”或“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”。分析句子结构可知，本句符合“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”的结构，所以此处应用How引导感叹句，且interesting是形容词，前面不需要加冠词an。故选C。 4．句意：好消息！在雕塑公园举行的音乐节真的很成功。考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知，此句为感叹句，中心词为不可数名词news，用what引导，结构为“What+adj.+不可数名词+ 主语+谓语！”。故选B。 5．句意：杰夫能心算出很快的数学题。他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊！考查感叹句。根据“… clever boy he is!”可知，此句为感叹句，感叹句的结构为“what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主谓”或者“How+adj./adv.+主谓”，分析句子，he is为主语和谓语，而boy“男孩”为可数名词单数，且空后clever为辅音音素开头的单词。故选B。 · 答案 1-5 CCCBB 单元写作 艺术形式：传统文化 常考的内容有传统节日、传统艺术形式（传统手工艺品、传统乐器）、传统美德等，通常有以下命题角度： 1. 介绍传统节日的基本信息、庆祝节日的方式或活动、喜欢哪个节日及原因等； 2. 介绍茶文化等某种具有广泛影响力或知名度较高的文化相关内容； 3. 孝亲敬长、无私奉献、勤俭节约等优秀传统美德。 传统文化元素 1.I’d like to introduce Chinese paper cutting， which is widely used in our everyday life. 我想介绍中国的剪纸，它在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用。 2.The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional Chinese festivals. 春节是最重要的中国传统节日之一。 3.The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar. 端午节在中国农历五月初五。 paste Spring Festival couplets 贴春联　　　　　　　　 have a family reunion dinner 吃年夜饭 solve riddles written on lanterns 猜灯谜 sweep tombs and offer sacrifices to ancestors 扫墓祭祖 watch boat races 看龙舟比赛 admire/enjoy the moon 赏月 传统文化的活动 paste Spring Festival couplets 贴春联　　　　　　　　 have a family reunion dinner 吃年夜饭 solve riddles written on lanterns 猜灯谜 sweep tombs and offer sacrifices to ancestors 扫墓祭祖 watch boat races 看龙舟比赛 admire/enjoy the moon 赏月 传统文化的价值与内涵 benefit from 从……中受益 catch sb.’s eye 吸引某人的注意力 stand for 代表 be seen/regarded as 被视为 different kinds of 各种各样，不同种类 lift up 举起 think highly of… 对……评价很高 be in the lead 处于领先地位 in memory/honor of 为了纪念 in the long run 从长远来看 a sense of pride 自豪感 of all the time 自古以来，有史以来 have a strong influence on 对……产生很大的影响 one of the symbols of… 一个……的符号/象征/标志 be supposed/expected to do sth. 应该做某事 be ready to do sth. 准备做某事 inherit and spread 传承 keep a tradition on 继承传统 realize/understand the importance of… 意识到/明白……的重要性 pass down from generation to generation 一代一代传下来 experience diverse Chinese culture 体验多元的中国文化 开头中间结尾模板 开头段 1. What I am going to share is the Spring Festival. It’s a traditional festival in China. It’s on January 1st of the lunar calendar every year. 我要分享的节日是春节。它是中国的一个传统节日。它在每年的农历正月初一。 2. There are many important festivals in China， like the Dragon Boat Festival. 中国有许多重要的节日，比如端午节。 中间段 People have the tradition of guessing lantern riddles. It’s interesting and a little difficult. It’s also traditional for people to watch the dragon dance and the lion dance， and even enjoy the performance named walking on stilts. At the same time， eating yuanxiao is a must for the Lantern Festival. 人们有猜灯谜的传统。这很有趣，也有点难。人们观看舞龙、舞狮，甚至欣赏高跷表演，这也是一种传统。同时，元宵节必须吃元宵。 结尾段 1. How about visiting China next year and celebrating the Lantern Festival with us？ I believe you will have great fun here. 明年来中国和我们一起庆祝元宵节怎么样？我相信你在这里会玩得很开心。 2. I think the Spring Festival makes me fonder of traditional Chinese culture， gives us the chance to meet， and also brings new hope. 我认为春节使我更喜欢中国传统文化，给我们相聚的机会，同时也带来新的希望。 3. I like the Mid－Autumn Festival best not only because I like the delicious mooncakes but also because it’s a family get－together time. I really enjoy the love among the family members. 我最喜欢中秋节，不仅因为我喜欢美味的月饼，还因为这是家庭团聚的时刻。我非常享受家人之间的爱。 ＞话题俗语谚语 1.Do as Romans do when in Rome. 入乡随俗。 2.A snow year， a rich year. 瑞雪兆丰年。 3.Courtesy on one side only lasts not long. 来而不往非礼也。 典例赏析： 坚定文化自信，弘扬中国优秀传统文化，是新时代中国青少年的责任与使命。假如你是李华，近期，一批外国留学生要到你所在的学校参观访问，你将作为学生代表向他们介绍中国优秀传统文化。请根据下面表格中的要点提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。 总体介绍 中国传统文化种类多、历史悠久、影响广泛。 京剧 国粹（national treasure）之一，包含唱（singing）念（speaking）做（acting）打（acrobatic fighting）；讲述了很多故事，受各个年龄段人们的喜欢。 茶文化 茶的种类多，对健康有益。 瓷器（china） 中国是瓷器之乡，技术世界领先，闻名于世。 写作要求：1.字迹工整，书写规范，不逐字翻译，包含全部要点，可适当发挥； 2.文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。 Dear friends， Welcome to our school. Today， I want to share something about traditional Chinese culture with you. 　There are many kinds of traditional Chinese culture. Some of them have a long history. And they also have a wide influence.　 　Beijing Opera comes first. As one of Chinese national treasures， Beijing Opera includes singing， speaking， acting and acrobatic fighting. It tells stories of history， politics， society and daily life. And it’s loved by Chinese people of all ages.　 　Next， let’s talk about tea. In China， there are many different kinds of tea in different areas， such as green tea and black tea. It is good for our health.　 　The last one is about china. China is the hometown of china. Our china－making technology is the best in the world， and it’s famous all over the world.　 Thanks for your listening. 一、单词拼写 1．As a great a , Qi Baishi drew a lot of famous paintings in his lifetime. 2．I watched an (excite) game because the players all did a good job. 3．Henry looks for his wallet (到处) but he can’t find it. 4．Tom is too tired. He doesn’t want to eat (任何东西) now. 5．The English teacher is (受欢迎的) with students. 6．I like . It can make me happy. (轻松的音乐) 7．I respect the /'spɪrɪt/ of the craftspeople. 8．Look! He is playing an i ! The sound of it is really beautiful. 9．They are (极好的) works from thousands of years ago. 10．Pumpkin pie is a (tradition) American dish served on Thanksgiving. 二、单项选择 11．The performance was so ________ that everyone stood with their mouth ________. A．amazing; wide open B．amazed; wide open C．amazing; widely open D．amazed; widely open 12．Tomorrow is my father’s birthday, and I plan ________ a cake for him. A．make B．making C．made D．to make 13．—How was your school trip, Sarah? —It was ________! I’m very happy I learned how to make a model robot. A．exciting B．boring C．terrible D．dirty 14．—Uncle Li enjoys drawing very much! —That’s for sure. He is a police ________, an interesting job. A．singer B．artist C．visitor D．actor 15．—Is there ________ wrong with the e-bike? —I’m not sure. I will ask ________ to check it. A．anything; anyone B．something; someone C．anything; someone 16．_________ of the story books has a beautiful cover. A．Everyone B．Every one C．Both D．All 17．It is lucky that there is one room left. Otherwise (否则), we’ll have ________ to stay now. A．nowhere B．somewhere C．anywhere D．everywhere 18．— Have you got the ______ news about the World Cup? — Yes, I’m so ______ because my favourite team has won again. A．exciting; exciting B．excited; excited C．exciting; excited D．excited; exciting 19．The orchestra needs a new ________ for the violinist. She broke hers during the rehearsal. A．instrument B．equipment C．tool D．appliance 20．—Our class team lost the game, but everyone is still smiling and cheering. —That’s because they never lose their ________. They’ll try even harder next time. A．interesting activities B．lucky chances C．high spirits D．creative methods 三、语法选择 Mary is my best friend. We 21 about each other when we were twelve years old because we were in the same school. I was the 22 student in my class, while she was the most outgoing girl in her class. I was good at math and often helped her with it. She was talented 23 English and gave me some tips. We learned from each other and expected 24 good grades. She works in a different city now, so I only see her at the weekend and during holidays. She is important to me 25 she knows me quite well. We enjoy the same thing—singing, but she sings 26 than me. When I am feeling unhappy or when I need to talk to someone, I always call 27 . She is really a good listener but she isn’t perfect. She is always late and she never offers an apology. Last weekend, we planned to do 28 interesting together. We planned to meet at four o’clock to play basketball, however, she arrived at half past five. 29 was nearly dark. OK, nobody 30 perfect. She is still my best friend! 21．A．care B．cared C．cares 22．A．quiet B．quieter C．quietest 23．A．in B．of C．at 24．A．get B．to get C．got 25．A．because B．and C．so 26．A．well B．better C．best 27．A．she B．hers C．her 28．A．something B．anything C．nothing 29．A．She B．It C．They 30．A．am B．are C．Is 四、短文填空 请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In China, there are many amazing intangible cultural heritages (非物质文化遗产). One of the most fantastic ones is the iron flower display. It has a long history and is 31 (deep) rooted (植根于) in the local culture. The iron flower display is not only a special art form but also 32 way to express people’s good wishes. The iron is heated by the craftsmen at a very high temperature 33 it becomes liquid. Then, they use special tools to splash the liquid iron into the air. When the liquid iron meets the cold air, it 34 (turn) into beautiful sparks, just like a shower of flowers. This traditional performance usually takes place during important 35 (festival) such as the Spring Festival. People gather together to watch this wonderful show. The right sparks light up the night sky, 36 (make) an unforgettable picture. Protecting and passing down the flower display is 37 great importance. It helps to keep our traditional culture 38 (live). More and more young people are getting 39 (interest) in it and are learning about the skills. They hope to carry forward this special art form and let 40 (it) shine in the future. 五、选词填空 根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在答题卡对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。 create   kind   but   earliest   we   among   should   main   thousands   sadness The Book of Songs (《诗经》) is one of the most important Chinese classics. It is not only the start of ancient Chinese poetry but also the 41 collection of poems in China. It has collected all 42 of musical works and poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. The poems were 43 by lots of people over a period of 500 years. When I read this book, I feel like I’m having a talk with people from 44 of years ago. It’s just like stepping into their time. 45 all the poems in this book, my favorite is Homecoming After War (《采薇》). This poem 46 tells the story of soldiers (士兵) coming back home after a long war. They missed their homeland very much, 47 the war kept them from returning. By reading the poem, we can know what these soldiers went through, feel their 48 , and see how hard the war can be. I think everyone 49 read The Book of Songs. It touches 50 hearts and help us know more about Chinese culture in its words. 六、书面表达 51．我国的传统文化源远流长，博大精深。我们随时都能感受到传统文化的气息，它绽放在异彩纷呈的民俗节日中。假如你是李华，上周五，我校组织了“存心寄华夏 诠释中国红”的艺术展览活动 (school art fair)，你的英国朋友Jack对此很感兴趣。请你根据以下信息，向Jack介绍此次活动。 参考词汇：red packets红包；paper cutting剪纸 注意： 1. 词数80左右，已给出部分不计入总词数； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、地名等内容。 Dear Jack, It’s great to receive your letter. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第04讲 Unit2语法（不定代词/副词和感叹句）及单元写作及单元写作 内容导航 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 考点一 不定代词/副词的用法 定义：不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词，表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。 一、初中常见复合不定代词一览表 some- any- no- every- -body somebody（某人） anybody（任何人） nobody（没有人） everybody（每人） -one someone（某人） anyone（任何人） no one（没有人） everyone（每人） -thing something（某事） anything（任何事） nothing（没有东西） everything（每件事） 2.复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Someone is crying in the room. 有人在房间里哭泣。 3.当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，必须放在其后。如： There is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else？ 我们还需要一名帮手。你能帮我们再找个人吗？ 【拓展】 1.常见含复合不定代词的句型： ①There is something wrong with... ……出问题了。 ②...have something/nothing to do with... ……与……有关/无关 ③sb. can do nothing but... 某人什么都不能做，只能…… ④There is nothing to... 没有什么要…… 2.somebody， anybody可指有一点地位或小有名气的人物；nobody指没有地位或默默无闻的人物。something往往指了不起的东西；nothing指无关紧要的东西。如： He thinks himself somebody， but we think him nobody. 他自以为是重要人物，但我们觉得他什么也不是。（20二、复合不定副词是由some, any, no, every加-where构成 复合不定副词在句中作状语，前面的介词要省略，跟here there home前不加to一样的道理。 例如：I want to go somewhere special. （状语） 三、常见普通不定代词的用法 （1）some、any的用法 用法 例句 some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词 Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。(修饰不可数名词) Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗？(修饰可数名词) some多用于肯定句；在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any Some of the boys are good at swimming. 一些男孩擅长游泳。 Will you give me some water? 请给我一些水好吗? any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中；用于肯定句中，表示＂任何＂ If you have any questions, please ask me. 如果你有问题，可以问我。 Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子都需要爱。 some和any可以用来修饰单数名词，some表示＂某一＂；any表示＂任何的＂ Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 某天中国人将会飞上月球。 （2）few，a few，little，a little的用法 用法 用于可数名词 用于不可数名词 表示肯定概念 a few虽少，但有几个 a little虽少，但有一点 表示否定概念 few不多，几乎没有 little不多，没有什么 （3）other，the other，others，the others，another的用法 用法 例句 other 某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面要跟单数名词或复数名词，泛指别的 Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里? others 其他。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西，常用于＂some... others＂结构 Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的，另一些是黑的。 the other 两个中的另一个，剩下的一个。特指，常用于＂one... the other...＂结构 She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐，一个是护士，另一个是老师。 the others 其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外，其他都是中国人。 another 另一个(指多个中的任何一个)，可单独用，也可接单数名词或名词复数，表示＂另几个，再几个＂ You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里，不是吗? （4）all，both，none，either，neither的用法 用法 例句 all ①侧重指三者或三者以上＂都，全部，一切＂，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语； all于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定使用none。 All the students are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。 Not all books are good.(= All books are not good. 不是所有的书都是好书。 【知识拓展】all作主语，指代人时，谓语动词使用复数形式，指代事情时，谓语动词一般使用单数；作同位语时，all在句中的位置与both相同。 All goes very well. 一切进展非常顺利。 both ①表示＂两者都＂，可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语； ②用于否定句表示部分否定，全部否定使用neither； ③both... and＂两者都，既……又……＂。 They both are not workers. 他们两个不都是工人。 Both Carl and Jeff are good at playing football. 卡尔和杰夫都擅长踢足球 【知识拓展】both作主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式；作主语的同位语时，位于be动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。 Both of them have been to Beijing. 他们两人都去过北京。 They all enjoyed it. 他们都喜欢它。 none ①意为＂没有人，没有一个，一点儿也没有，作主语和宾语，不作定语； ②none指代可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可，而指代不可数名词时，谓语动词必须使用单数形式。 None of the books are mine. 这些书都不是我的。 None of the rubbish has been removed. 垃圾一点也没运走。 【易错警示】none与no one的区别：none既可指人，又可指物，而no one意为＂没有人＂，只能用于指人。作主语时，谓语用单数；none可以与of搭配，而no one无此用法；none用于回答how many或how much引出的特殊疑问句，而no one用于回答who引出的特殊疑问句。 —How many students are there in the classroom now? 现在教室里有多少学生？ —None. 没有一个人。 —Who is in the classroom now? 现在谁在教室呢？ —No one. 没人。 either ①表示＂两者中任何一个＂，可作主语、宾语和定语； ②either作主语时，谓语动词应使用单数形式；作定语时，修饰单数名词。 You can park on either side of the street. 你在街道的哪边停车都可以。 The two guests have arrived and either is welcome. 两个客人都到了，而且都受欢迎。 【知识拓展】 （1）either可用于搭配＂either... or...＂，意为＂或者……或者……；要么……要么……＂。 Either he or I am to blame. 或者他或者我将受到责备。 （2）either可作为副词，意为＂也＂，用于否定句的句末。 He won’ t go and I won’ t go either. 他不去，我也不去。 neither ①意为＂两者都不＂，可作主语、宾语和定语； ②neither... nor...＂既不……也不……＂。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。 Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。 【易错警示】neither作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式；作定语时，修饰单数名词。 1．—Is there ________ in your life? —Yes, of course. A．something lucky B．anything lucky C．lucky something D．lucky anything 2．—I don’t think ________ knows the answer to this question. —Really? Let’s ask the teacher for help then. A．anyone B．someone C．everyone D．no one 3．—Who can finish the work in an hour? —The work is so easy that ________ can do it well quickly. A．someone B．nobody C．anyone 4．—The job isn’t very easy, but I’m sure ________ can do it. —I think so. Sandy may do it. A．someone B．anyone C．everyone D．no one 5．There must be _________ knocking at the door. It may be a stranger trying to sell something. A．everyone B．no one C．someone D．anyone 6．—Did you go ________ during your holiday? —Yes, we visited the Butterfly Spring with my cousin. A．interesting somewhere B．somewhere interesting C．anywhere interesting D．interesting anywhere 7．—Would you like chicken or pork? —________. I just want some fish. A．Both B．Either C．Neither 8．Tom wanted to keep on playing basketball, and ________ of his parents encouraged him a lot. A．neither B．both C．either D．all 9．He feels lonely. He has __________ friends here except me. A．many B．some C．few D．more 10．—Mum, there aren’t _________ eggs in the fridge. We’d better go to the supermarket to buy _________. —OK. Let’s go. A．some; any B．any; some C．any; any D．some; some · 思路点拨： 1．句意：——你生活中有幸运的事吗？——当然有。考查不定代词用法。something用于肯定句；anything用于疑问句或否定句；形容词修饰不定代词需后置。根据“Is there…”可知是疑问句，且“lucky”需置于不定代词后，所以填anything lucky。故选B。 2．句意：——我想没有人知道这个问题的答案。——真的吗？那我们去找老师帮忙吧。考查不定代词辨析。anyone任何人；someone有人；everyone 每个人；no one没有人。根据“I don’t think…knows the answer to this question.”及“Really? Let’s ask the teacher for help then.”可知，此处指的是我认为没有人知道答案。anyone“任何人”，一般用于否定句和疑问句中。故选A。 3．句意：——谁能在一小时内完成这项工作？——工作很容易，任何人很快就能做好。考查复合不定代词。someone某人；nobody没有人；anyone任何人。根据“The work is so easy that ... can do it well quickly.”可知，因为工作很容易，所以任何人都能很快做好。故选C。 4．句意：——这份工作并不简单，但我相信有人能胜任。——我也这样认为。Sandy也许能行。 考查不定代词someone。someone某个人；anyone任何人；everyone每个人；no one没有人。根据“The job isn’t very easy”和“Sandy may do it.”可知，这份工作不简单，但是有人能胜任，Sandy也许可以。故选A。 5．句意：一定有人在敲门。可能是一个陌生人想卖东西。考查代词辨析。everyone每一个人；no one没有人；someone某人；anyone任何人。根据“There must be...knocking at the door.”可知，这里表示某个人在敲门。故选C。 6．句意：——假期里你去过什么有趣的地方吗？——是的，我和我的表妹去了蝴蝶泉。考查不定副词和定语后置。somewhere某处；anywhere任何地方，用于疑问句和条件从句时表示某个地方；interesting有趣的。根据“Did you go…during your holiday?”可知本句是一般疑问句，因此用anywhere，形容词interesting修饰anywhere时要后置。故选C。 7．句意：——你想要鸡肉还是猪肉？——都不要。我只想要一些鱼肉。考查代词辨析。Both两者（都）；Either两者中的任意一个；Neither两者（都不）。根据“chicken or pork?”以及答语“I just want some fish.”可知此处是说两者都不要，只想要一些鱼肉，Neither符合语境。故选C。 8．句意：汤姆想继续打篮球，他的父母都鼓励了他很多。考查代词辨析。neither两者都不；both两者都；either两者之一；all全部，三者及以上。根据“of his parents”可知，此处指“父母两人都鼓励他”，强调两者都，故选B。 9．句意：他感到孤独。除了我以外，他在这里几乎没有朋友。考查形容词辨析。many许多；some一些；few几乎没有；more更多的。根据“He feels lonely.”可知，他几乎没有朋友，表否定意义，且修饰可数名词 friends，故用 few。故选C。 10．句意：——妈妈，冰箱里没有鸡蛋了。我们最好去超市买些。——好的。我们走吧。考查不定代词。some通常用于肯定句中，表示“一些”；any通常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“任何”或“一些”。空格1在否定句中用any，空格2在肯定句中用some。故选B。 · 答案 1-5 BACAC 6-10 CCBCB 考点二 感叹句的用法 　　感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情，通常用what或how引导。 1.what引导的感叹句（中心词为名词） ①What ＋ a/an ＋ adj.＋单数可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！如： What a kind heart you have！ 你的心肠真好！ ②What ＋ adj. ＋不可数名词/可数名词复数（＋主语＋谓语）！如： What interesting stories he’s told us！ 他给我们讲的故事真有趣！ What great progress she has made！ 她取得了多么大的进步啊！ 2.how引导的感叹句（中心词为形容词或副词） ①How ＋ adj./adv.（＋主语＋谓语）！如： How clever the boy is！ 这男孩真聪明！ ②How ＋ adj. ＋ a/an ＋单数可数名词（＋主语＋谓语）！如： How clever a boy he is！ 他真是个聪明的男孩！ ③How＋主语＋谓语！如： How time flies！ 时间过得真快呀！ 【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句： 1.凡是以a/an开头的，多用what； 2.凡是形容词直接加名词的，多用what；此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况，如：weather，news，advice，fun，information，work，traffic等； 3.其他一般用how。 口诀助记：感叹句要记牢，句子主谓先划掉，再来确定what/how；再在形容词后找，若有名词用what，没有名词用how。 1．—The movie Ne Zha has been among the best of cartoon films. ________ it is! —Exactly. Even my 5-year-old cousin was deeply attracted. A．What success B．How success C．What a success D．How a success 2．—Jane won the first prize in the English speech contest. —________ big progress she has made! She used to be weak in English. A．How B．How a C．What D．What a 3．________ interesting the storybook is! A．What B．What an C．How D．How an 4．________ good news! The music festival held in the Sculpture Park was really a success. A．What a B．What C．How a D．How 5．Jeff can do math problems fast in his mind. ________ clever boy he is! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a · 思路点拨： 1．句意：——电影《哪吒》已成为最优秀的卡通电影之一。它多么成功啊！——确实。就连我5岁的表弟都被深深吸引了。  考查感叹句用法。根据题干结构“... it is!”可知此处考查“What + (a/an) + adj. + n.”或“How + adj./adv.”的感叹句结构。success作为“成功的事”时为可数名词，此处应使用“What a success”表示“多么成功的一件事”。故选C。 2．句意：——简在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。——她取得了多大的进步啊！她过去英语很差。考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知，此句为感叹句，中心词为不可数名词progress，用what引导感叹句，结构为句型“What + 形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!”。故选C。 3．句意：这本故事书真有趣！考查感叹句。感叹句的结构为“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！”或“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”。分析句子结构可知，本句符合“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”的结构，所以此处应用How引导感叹句，且interesting是形容词，前面不需要加冠词an。故选C。 4．句意：好消息！在雕塑公园举行的音乐节真的很成功。考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知，此句为感叹句，中心词为不可数名词news，用what引导，结构为“What+adj.+不可数名词+ 主语+谓语！”。故选B。 5．句意：杰夫能心算出很快的数学题。他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊！考查感叹句。根据“… clever boy he is!”可知，此句为感叹句，感叹句的结构为“what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主谓”或者“How+adj./adv.+主谓”，分析句子，he is为主语和谓语，而boy“男孩”为可数名词单数，且空后clever为辅音音素开头的单词。故选B。 · 答案 1-5 CCCBB 单元写作 艺术形式：传统文化 常考的内容有传统节日、传统艺术形式（传统手工艺品、传统乐器）、传统美德等，通常有以下命题角度： 1. 介绍传统节日的基本信息、庆祝节日的方式或活动、喜欢哪个节日及原因等； 2. 介绍茶文化等某种具有广泛影响力或知名度较高的文化相关内容； 3. 孝亲敬长、无私奉献、勤俭节约等优秀传统美德。 传统文化元素 1.I’d like to introduce Chinese paper cutting， which is widely used in our everyday life. 我想介绍中国的剪纸，它在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用。 2.The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional Chinese festivals. 春节是最重要的中国传统节日之一。 3.The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar. 端午节在中国农历五月初五。 paste Spring Festival couplets 贴春联　　　　　　　　 have a family reunion dinner 吃年夜饭 solve riddles written on lanterns 猜灯谜 sweep tombs and offer sacrifices to ancestors 扫墓祭祖 watch boat races 看龙舟比赛 admire/enjoy the moon 赏月 传统文化的活动 paste Spring Festival couplets 贴春联　　　　　　　　 have a family reunion dinner 吃年夜饭 solve riddles written on lanterns 猜灯谜 sweep tombs and offer sacrifices to ancestors 扫墓祭祖 watch boat races 看龙舟比赛 admire/enjoy the moon 赏月 传统文化的价值与内涵 benefit from 从……中受益 catch sb.’s eye 吸引某人的注意力 stand for 代表 be seen/regarded as 被视为 different kinds of 各种各样，不同种类 lift up 举起 think highly of… 对……评价很高 be in the lead 处于领先地位 in memory/honor of 为了纪念 in the long run 从长远来看 a sense of pride 自豪感 of all the time 自古以来，有史以来 have a strong influence on 对……产生很大的影响 one of the symbols of… 一个……的符号/象征/标志 be supposed/expected to do sth. 应该做某事 be ready to do sth. 准备做某事 inherit and spread 传承 keep a tradition on 继承传统 realize/understand the importance of… 意识到/明白……的重要性 pass down from generation to generation 一代一代传下来 experience diverse Chinese culture 体验多元的中国文化 开头中间结尾模板 开头段 1. What I am going to share is the Spring Festival. It’s a traditional festival in China. It’s on January 1st of the lunar calendar every year. 我要分享的节日是春节。它是中国的一个传统节日。它在每年的农历正月初一。 2. There are many important festivals in China， like the Dragon Boat Festival. 中国有许多重要的节日，比如端午节。 中间段 People have the tradition of guessing lantern riddles. It’s interesting and a little difficult. It’s also traditional for people to watch the dragon dance and the lion dance， and even enjoy the performance named walking on stilts. At the same time， eating yuanxiao is a must for the Lantern Festival. 人们有猜灯谜的传统。这很有趣，也有点难。人们观看舞龙、舞狮，甚至欣赏高跷表演，这也是一种传统。同时，元宵节必须吃元宵。 结尾段 1. How about visiting China next year and celebrating the Lantern Festival with us？ I believe you will have great fun here. 明年来中国和我们一起庆祝元宵节怎么样？我相信你在这里会玩得很开心。 2. I think the Spring Festival makes me fonder of traditional Chinese culture， gives us the chance to meet， and also brings new hope. 我认为春节使我更喜欢中国传统文化，给我们相聚的机会，同时也带来新的希望。 3. I like the Mid－Autumn Festival best not only because I like the delicious mooncakes but also because it’s a family get－together time. I really enjoy the love among the family members. 我最喜欢中秋节，不仅因为我喜欢美味的月饼，还因为这是家庭团聚的时刻。我非常享受家人之间的爱。 ＞话题俗语谚语 1.Do as Romans do when in Rome. 入乡随俗。 2.A snow year， a rich year. 瑞雪兆丰年。 3.Courtesy on one side only lasts not long. 来而不往非礼也。 典例赏析： 坚定文化自信，弘扬中国优秀传统文化，是新时代中国青少年的责任与使命。假如你是李华，近期，一批外国留学生要到你所在的学校参观访问，你将作为学生代表向他们介绍中国优秀传统文化。请根据下面表格中的要点提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。 总体介绍 中国传统文化种类多、历史悠久、影响广泛。 京剧 国粹（national treasure）之一，包含唱（singing）念（speaking）做（acting）打（acrobatic fighting）；讲述了很多故事，受各个年龄段人们的喜欢。 茶文化 茶的种类多，对健康有益。 瓷器（china） 中国是瓷器之乡，技术世界领先，闻名于世。 写作要求：1.字迹工整，书写规范，不逐字翻译，包含全部要点，可适当发挥； 2.文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。 Dear friends， Welcome to our school. Today， I want to share something about traditional Chinese culture with you. 　There are many kinds of traditional Chinese culture. Some of them have a long history. And they also have a wide influence.　 　Beijing Opera comes first. As one of Chinese national treasures， Beijing Opera includes singing， speaking， acting and acrobatic fighting. It tells stories of history， politics， society and daily life. And it’s loved by Chinese people of all ages.　 　Next， let’s talk about tea. In China， there are many different kinds of tea in different areas， such as green tea and black tea. It is good for our health.　 　The last one is about china. China is the hometown of china. Our china－making technology is the best in the world， and it’s famous all over the world.　 Thanks for your listening. 一、单词拼写 1．As a great a , Qi Baishi drew a lot of famous paintings in his lifetime. 【答案】(a)rtist 【详解】句意：作为一位伟大的艺术家，齐白石一生创作了许多名画。根据“Qi Baishi drew a lot of famous paintings in his lifetime”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示一位伟大的艺术家。artist“艺术家”，a后跟单数名词。故填(a)rtist。 2．I watched an (excite) game because the players all did a good job. 【答案】exciting 【详解】句意：我观看了一场令人兴奋的比赛，因为球员们都表现得很出色。根据下文“because the players did a good job”可知，球员们表现出色，所以此处是指比赛是令人兴奋的，应用excite的形容词形式exciting“令人兴奋的”， 在句中作定语，修饰名词“game”，描述比赛本身具有的属性。故填exciting。 3．Henry looks for his wallet (到处) but he can’t find it. 【答案】everywhere 【详解】句意：Henry到处找他的钱包，但找不到。根据“Henry looks for his wallet”以及汉语提示可知句中需要填入一个表示“到处”的副词，修饰动词短语“looks for”，作地点状语。故填everywhere。 4．Tom is too tired. He doesn’t want to eat (任何东西) now. 【答案】anything 【详解】句意：汤姆太累了。他现在什么都不想吃。anything“任何东西”，代词，用于否定句中。故填anything。 5．The English teacher is (受欢迎的) with students. 【答案】popular 【详解】句意：这位英语老师很受学生欢迎。popular“受欢迎的”，形容词作表语。故填popular。 6．I like . It can make me happy. (轻松的音乐) 【答案】relaxing music 【详解】句意：我喜欢轻松的音乐。它能让我快乐。relaxing“轻松的”，修饰物，music“音乐”，名词。故填relaxing music。 7．I respect the /'spɪrɪt/ of the craftspeople. 【答案】spirit 【详解】句意：我尊重工匠们的精神。根据“I respect the...of the craftspeople.”及音标提示可知，音标对应的单词是“spirit”，意为“精神、心灵”，符合语境。“the spirit of the craftspeople”表示“工匠们的精神”。故填spirit。 8．Look! He is playing an i ! The sound of it is really beautiful. 【答案】(i)nstrument 【详解】句意：看！他正在演奏一件乐器！它的声音真美妙。根据“an”可知，此处需填名词作宾语；结合上下文“playing”和“sound is beautiful”可知，instrument“乐器”符合语境。故填(i)nstrument。 9．They are (极好的) works from thousands of years ago. 【答案】wonderful 【详解】句意：它们是古代杰出作品。根据汉语提示，此处用wonderful“极好的”，作定语修饰名词works。故填wonderful。 10．Pumpkin pie is a (tradition) American dish served on Thanksgiving. 【答案】traditional 【详解】句意：南瓜派是感恩节上供应的一道传统美国菜肴。根据“a … American dish”可知，此处是指一道传统的美国菜肴，应用tradition的形容词形式traditional“传统的”，在句中作定语，修饰“American dish”。故填traditional。 二、单项选择 11．The performance was so ________ that everyone stood with their mouth ________. A．amazing; wide open B．amazed; wide open C．amazing; widely open D．amazed; widely open 【答案】A 【详解】句意：表演太精彩了，每个人都张大了嘴。考查词汇辨析。amazing令人惊讶的，修饰物；amazed惊讶的，修饰人。wide宽的，形容词；widely宽地，副词。根据“The performance was...that everyone stood with their mouth...”可知，第一空修饰performance“表演”，应使用amazing；“嘴巴大张”wide open，是固定搭配。故选A。 12．Tomorrow is my father’s birthday, and I plan ________ a cake for him. A．make B．making C．made D．to make 【答案】D 【详解】句意：明天是我爸爸的生日，我计划为他做一个蛋糕。考查动词不定式作宾语的用法。make动词原形；making动名词/现在分词；made过去式/过去分词；to make动词不定式。“plan to do sth.”表示“计划做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式“to make”。故选D。 13．—How was your school trip, Sarah? —It was ________! I’m very happy I learned how to make a model robot. A．exciting B．boring C．terrible D．dirty 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的学校旅行怎么样，萨拉？——太令人兴奋了！我很开心我学会了如何制作机器人模型。考查形容词辨析。exciting令人兴奋的；boring无聊的；terrible糟糕的；dirty肮脏的。根据下文“I’m very happy I learned how to make a model robot.”可知，说话人感到很开心，说明这次旅行是令人兴奋的。故选A。 14．—Uncle Li enjoys drawing very much! —That’s for sure. He is a police ________, an interesting job. A．singer B．artist C．visitor D．actor 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——李叔叔非常喜欢画画！——确实。他是一名警察画像师，一份有趣的工作。考查名词辨析。singer歌手；artist艺术家/美术家；visitor访客；actor演员。根据“police”和“drawing”可知，此处指“警局画像师”，即根据目击者描述绘制嫌疑人画像的警察。故选B。 15．—Is there ________ wrong with the e-bike? —I’m not sure. I will ask ________ to check it. A．anything; anyone B．something; someone C．anything; someone 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——电动车有什么问题吗？——我不确定。我会叫人检查一下。 考查复合不定代词。anything任何事；anyone任何人；something一些事；someone某人。句子是疑问句，用anything，表示“某事”，用以代替something，所以第一空用anything；第二空所在句是肯定句，表达的是找某人检查一下，因此用someone。故选C。 16．_________ of the story books has a beautiful cover. A．Everyone B．Every one C．Both D．All 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每本故事书都有一个漂亮的封面。考查代词辨析。Everyone每个人；Every one每个；Both两者都；All都（三者及三者以上）。根据“has”可知，主语表示个体；根据“of the story books”可知，指每本书。故选B。 17．It is lucky that there is one room left. Otherwise (否则), we’ll have ________ to stay now. A．nowhere B．somewhere C．anywhere D．everywhere 【答案】A 【详解】句意：幸运的是还剩下一个房间。否则，我们现在就无处可去了。 考查副词辨析。nowhere无处；somewhere某处；anywhere任何地方；everywhere到处。根据“It is lucky that there is one room left.”可知，还剩下一个房间，否则就无处可去了。故选A。 18．— Have you got the ______ news about the World Cup? — Yes, I’m so ______ because my favourite team has won again. A．exciting; exciting B．excited; excited C．exciting; excited D．excited; exciting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你有世界杯的激动人心的消息吗？——是的，我太兴奋了，因为我最喜欢的球队又赢了。 考查形容词辨析。exciting令人兴奋的，修饰事物；excited感到兴奋的，修饰人。 第一空修饰“news”，用exciting；第二空描述“我”的感受，用excited。故选C。 19．The orchestra needs a new ________ for the violinist. She broke hers during the rehearsal. A．instrument B．equipment C．tool D．appliance 【答案】A 【详解】句意：管弦乐队需要为小提琴手准备一个新的乐器。她在排练时把自己的弄坏了。 考查名词辨析。instrument乐器，仪器；equipment设备，装备；tool工具；appliance器具；电器。根据“for the violinist”可知，这里说的是小提琴手需要的乐器，所以应填instrument。故选A。 20．—Our class team lost the game, but everyone is still smiling and cheering. —That’s because they never lose their ________. They’ll try even harder next time. A．interesting activities B．lucky chances C．high spirits D．creative methods 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们班队输了比赛，但每个人仍在微笑和欢呼。——那是因为他们从不失去高昂的情绪。下次他们会更加努力。考查形容词及名词辨析。interesting activities有趣的活动；lucky chances幸运的机会；high spirits高昂的情绪；creative methods创造性方法。根据“Our class team lost the game, but everyone is still smiling and cheering.”可知，输了比赛，但每个人仍然微笑和欢呼，应是没有失去高昂的情绪。故选C。 三、语法选择 Mary is my best friend. We 21 about each other when we were twelve years old because we were in the same school. I was the 22 student in my class, while she was the most outgoing girl in her class. I was good at math and often helped her with it. She was talented 23 English and gave me some tips. We learned from each other and expected 24 good grades. She works in a different city now, so I only see her at the weekend and during holidays. She is important to me 25 she knows me quite well. We enjoy the same thing—singing, but she sings 26 than me. When I am feeling unhappy or when I need to talk to someone, I always call 27 . She is really a good listener but she isn’t perfect. She is always late and she never offers an apology. Last weekend, we planned to do 28 interesting together. We planned to meet at four o’clock to play basketball, however, she arrived at half past five. 29 was nearly dark. OK, nobody 30 perfect. She is still my best friend! 21．A．care B．cared C．cares 22．A．quiet B．quieter C．quietest 23．A．in B．of C．at 24．A．get B．to get C．got 25．A．because B．and C．so 26．A．well B．better C．best 27．A．she B．hers C．her 28．A．something B．anything C．nothing 29．A．She B．It C．They 30．A．am B．are C．Is 【答案】 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．A 26．B 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．C 【导语】本文作者介绍了自己最好的朋友玛丽。两人十二岁时相识，在学习上互相帮助。现在玛丽在不同城市工作，作者只能在周末和假期见到她。玛丽对作者很重要，她们有共同爱好。虽然玛丽并不完美，总是迟到且不道歉，但作者认为没人是完美的，玛丽仍是她最好的朋友 。    21．句意：我们十二岁的时候就开始关心彼此了，因为我们在同一所学校。 care关心，原形；cared过去式；cares三单形式。根据“when we were twelve years old”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，描述过去发生的动作，故选B。 22．句意：我是我班上最安静的学生，而她是她班上最外向的女孩。 quiet安静的，原形；quieter更安静的，比较级；quietest最安静的，最高级。根据“in my class”以及“while she was the most outgoing girl in her class”可知，这里是在班级范围内进行比较，要用最高级，故选C。 23．句意：她在英语方面很有天赋，还给了我一些建议。 in在……方面；of……的；at在（某一地点或时间点）。be talented in是固定短语，表示“在……方面有天赋”，故选A。 24．句意：我们互相学习，期望取得好成绩。 get取得，原形；to get动词不定式；got过去式。根据“and expected...good grades.”可知，expect to do sth.是固定用法，表示“期望做某事”，这里要用动词不定式形式，故选B。   25．句意：她对我很重要，因为她很了解我。 because因为；and和；so所以。根据前后句逻辑关系可知，“She is important to me”和“she knows me quite well”是因果关系，后一句是原因，故选A。 26．句意：我们都喜欢同一件事——唱歌，但她比我唱得更好。 well好地，原形；better更好，比较级；best最好，最高级。根据“than me”可知，这里是两者进行比较，要用比较级，故选B。 27．句意：当我不开心或者需要和人倾诉的时候，我总是给她打电话。 she她，主格；hers她的（东西），名词性物主代词；her她，宾格。根据“I always call...”可知，call是动词，后面接人称代词宾格作宾语，故选C。 28．句意：上周末，我们计划一起做一些有趣的事情。 something一些事情，用于肯定句；anything任何事情，用于否定句或疑问句；nothing没有事情。根据“we planned to do...interesting together.”可知，本句是肯定句，表达“一些有趣的事情”，故选A。 29．句意：快天黑了。 She她；It它；They他们。根据“...was nearly dark.”可知，这里用it指代时间、天气等情况，句中指天色，故选B。 30．句意：好吧，没有人是完美的。 am用于第一人称单数I；are用于第二人称you和复数主语；Is用于第三人称单数he/she/it等。根据“nobody...perfect.”可知，主语是nobody，谓语动词要用单数形式，故选C。 四、短文填空 请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In China, there are many amazing intangible cultural heritages (非物质文化遗产). One of the most fantastic ones is the iron flower display. It has a long history and is 31 (deep) rooted (植根于) in the local culture. The iron flower display is not only a special art form but also 32 way to express people’s good wishes. The iron is heated by the craftsmen at a very high temperature 33 it becomes liquid. Then, they use special tools to splash the liquid iron into the air. When the liquid iron meets the cold air, it 34 (turn) into beautiful sparks, just like a shower of flowers. This traditional performance usually takes place during important 35 (festival) such as the Spring Festival. People gather together to watch this wonderful show. The right sparks light up the night sky, 36 (make) an unforgettable picture. Protecting and passing down the flower display is 37 great importance. It helps to keep our traditional culture 38 (live). More and more young people are getting 39 (interest) in it and are learning about the skills. They hope to carry forward this special art form and let 40 (it) shine in the future. 【答案】 31．deeply 32．a 33．until 34．turns 35．festivals 36．making 37．of 38．alive 39．interested 40．it 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国非物质文化遗产之一 ——打铁花的悠久历史、表演形式和文化意义。 31．句意：它有着悠久的历史，深深植根于当地的文化。此处修饰“rooted”，需用副词形式deeply，表示“深度植根于”。故填deeply。 32．句意：打铁花不仅是一种特殊的艺术形式，也是一种表达美好祝愿的方式。根据“way to express people’s good wishes.”可知此处泛指一种美好祝愿的方式，way为辅音音素开头的单词，填不定冠词a。故填a。 33．句意：铁匠将铁加热到极高温度，直到它融化成液体。此处需用连词until“直到”引导时间状语从句，描述加热过程的持续。故填until。 34．句意：当液态铁遇到冷空气时，会变成美丽的火花。主句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“it”为第三人称单数，动词用turns。故填turns。 35．句意：这种表演通常在春节等重要节日期间举行。根据“such as the Spring Festival”可知，需用名词复数festivals表示多个节日。故填festivals。 36．句意：火花点亮夜空，构成一幅难忘的画面。此处需用现在分词making作结果状语，表示自然产生的结果。故填making。 37．句意：保护和传承打铁花非常重要。“be of+名词”为固定结构，相当于形容词，故填of。 38．句意：它有助于让我们的传统文化保持活力。“keep sth. alive”为固定搭配，填形容词alive。故填alive。 39．句意：越来越多的年轻人对它感兴趣，并正在学习这些技能。“get interested in”为固定短语，表示“对……感兴趣”，故填interested。 40．句意：他们希望传承这种艺术形式，让它在未来闪耀。此处需用代词it指代前文的“this special art form”。故填it。 五、选词填空 根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在答题卡对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。 create   kind   but   earliest   we   among   should   main   thousands   sadness The Book of Songs (《诗经》) is one of the most important Chinese classics. It is not only the start of ancient Chinese poetry but also the 41 collection of poems in China. It has collected all 42 of musical works and poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. The poems were 43 by lots of people over a period of 500 years. When I read this book, I feel like I’m having a talk with people from 44 of years ago. It’s just like stepping into their time. 45 all the poems in this book, my favorite is Homecoming After War (《采薇》). This poem 46 tells the story of soldiers (士兵) coming back home after a long war. They missed their homeland very much, 47 the war kept them from returning. By reading the poem, we can know what these soldiers went through, feel their 48 , and see how hard the war can be. I think everyone 49 read The Book of Songs. It touches 50 hearts and help us know more about Chinese culture in its words. 【答案】 41．earliest 42．kinds 43．created 44．thousands 45．Among 46．mainly 47．but 48．sadness 49．should 50．our 【导语】本文介绍了《诗经》以及其中的《采薇》。 41．句意：这不仅是中国古代诗歌的开端，也是中国最早的诗歌集。根据“It is not only the start of ancient Chinese poetry but also the...collection of poems in China.”可知，是中国最早的诗歌集，备选词earliest“最早的”符合语境，故填earliest。 42．句意：它收录了从西周到春秋时期的各类音乐作品和诗歌。根据“It has collected all... of musical works and poems from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period.”可知，它收录了从西周到春秋时期的各类音乐作品和诗歌，备选词kind“种类”符合语境，all修饰可数名词复数。故填kinds。 43．句意：这些诗歌是由众多人士在长达500年的时间里创作而成的。根据“The poems were...by lots of people over a period of 500 years.”可知，这些诗歌是由众多人士在长达500年的时间里创作而成的，备选词create“创造”符合语境，此处是一般过去时的被动语态，动词用过去分词形式。故填created。 44．句意：当我阅读这本书时，我感觉自己仿佛在与数千年前的人们进行交谈。根据“I feel like I’m having a talk with people from...of years ago”可知，感觉自己仿佛在与数千年前的人们进行交谈，thousands of“数千”，故填thousands。 45．句意：在这本书的所有诗歌中，我最喜欢的是《采薇》。根据“...all the poems in this book, my favorite is Homecoming After War (《采薇》).”可知，在这本书的所有诗歌中，我最喜欢的是《采薇》，备选词among“在……之间”符合语境，句首需大写首字母。故填Among。 46．句意：这首诗主要讲述了士兵们在历经漫长战争后重返家乡的故事。根据“This poem...tells the story of soldiers (士兵) coming back home after a long war.”可知，这首诗主要讲述了士兵们在历经漫长战争后重返家乡的故事，备选词main“主要的”符合语境，此处应使用副词修饰动词。故填mainly。 47．句意：他们非常思念自己的家乡，但战争却使他们无法返回。根据“They missed their homeland very much, ...the war kept them from returning.”可知，前后两句构成转折关系，备选词but“但是”符合语境，故填but。 48．句意：通过阅读这首诗，我们能够了解这些士兵所经历的一切，感受到他们的悲伤，并明白战争是多么艰难。根据“By reading the poem, we can know what these soldiers went through, feel their..., and see how hard the war can be.”可知，感受到他们的悲伤，备选词sadness“悲伤”符合语境，在动词后作宾语。故填sadness。 49．句意：我认为每个人都应该读一读《诗经》。根据“I think everyone...read The Book of Songs.”可知，每个人都应该读一读《诗经》，备选词should“应该”符合语境，故填should。 50．句意：它能触动我们的心灵，并通过其文字让我们更深入地了解中国文化。根据“It touches...hearts and help us know more about Chinese culture in its words.”可知，它能触动我们的心灵，备选词we“我们”符合语境，此处应使用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填our。 六、书面表达 51．我国的传统文化源远流长，博大精深。我们随时都能感受到传统文化的气息，它绽放在异彩纷呈的民俗节日中。假如你是李华，上周五，我校组织了“存心寄华夏 诠释中国红”的艺术展览活动 (school art fair)，你的英国朋友Jack对此很感兴趣。请你根据以下信息，向Jack介绍此次活动。 参考词汇：red packets红包；paper cutting剪纸 注意： 1. 词数80左右，已给出部分不计入总词数； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、地名等内容。 Dear Jack, It’s great to receive your letter. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】例文 Dear Jack,      It’s great to receive your letter. The school organized an art exhibition activity themed “Embodying China’s Heritage: Interpreting Chinese Red”. Now I will introduce something about it to you.     School Art Fair was hold at 2:00-5:00 p.m. in School art museum last Friday. It attracted many students to attend. There were all kinds of activities. We could admire some art works and learn the history of some art forms. Besides, we also could take part in making red packets. To our surprise, we could learn to how to make paper cutting, where red paper is often used to create beautiful designs that are displayed on windows and doors. Red remains a significant color in Chinese culture, representing our heritage and traditions. At last, we could get some exquisite handicrafts as gifts.     I learnt more culture about Chinese tradition arts and felt the charm of “Chinese red”. I hope this gives you a better understanding of “Chinese red”. If you have more questions, feel free to ask! Yours,   Li Hua    【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一封书信作文。 ②时态：时态主要为“一般过去时”。 ③提示：根据提示写作，不要遗漏信息，注意行文连贯，逻辑清晰，无拼写和语法错误。 [写作步骤] 第一步，承接给出的开头，介绍学校举办的艺术展； 第二步，介绍艺术展的时间、地点、活动。 第三步，介绍我的感受。 [亮点词汇] ①all kinds of各种 ②to one’s surprise令某人吃惊的是 ③a better understanding of更好的理解…… [高分句型] ①To our surprise, we could learn to how to make paper cutting, where red paper is often used to create beautiful designs that are displayed on windows and doors. (定语从句) ②If you have more questions, feel free to ask! (if引导的条件状语从句) 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$