2025年人教版中考英语复习简单句

2025-07-07
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考点一:句子成分和基本句型 (1) 句子成分 主语和宾语之间成分一致 主要句子成分:主语(subject)---s; 谓语(predicate)---v No. 1 主语 概念和位置:句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,通常位于句首。 通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 语序:正常:主语+谓语; 全部倒装:谓语+主语; 部分倒装:情态动词/助动词+主语+实义动词。 No. 2 谓语 表示主语的动作或状态、谓语由动词充当,一般位于主语之后。 充当:一般由动词短语、系动词、动词、“情态动词/助动词+实义动词”结构等充当,谓语有时态与语态的变化,同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约,如果主语是单数形式,谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。 (1)由单一动词 V.做谓语 We are Chinese. (2)情态 V + V 原 He can speak English well. (3)助 V +V I have seen this man before. No. 3 宾语 通常由名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 1.名词或相当于名词的短语 I accepted your wise advice. 2.代词或相当于代词的短语 All of us like him. 3.数词或数词短语 Give me four. 4. the + 形容词表示一类人 They teach the blind to read. 5.不定式或不定式短He began to learn English a year ago./He did not know what to say. 6.动名词或动名词短语 He is used to working at night./This book is worth reading. 7.从句 I think that he is right./I wonder if you'd like to go with us. No. 4 表语 (在系动词之后) 由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等充当。 1.形容词 I feel much better today. 2.代词 The book is mine. 3.名词或名词所有格 They are my students. 4.数词 His telephone number is 88888888. 5.副词 They are over there. 6.介词短语 They are in trouble. 7.不定式短语 My dream is to go to college. 8.动词 ing 短语 His hobby is collecting stamps. 9.过去分词短语 My camera is broken. 10.从句 The truth is what he said just now. No. 5 定语 概念:修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语; 位置: 定语有前置定语和后置定语。形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前,但是在修饰 any-,some-,no, every-等构成的单词,如 something 等时,应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰。动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后。 充当:定语通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句充当。 No. 6 状语 概念:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。状语位置灵活。 修饰整个句子时放于句首; 修饰形容词或副词时放于其后; 表时间、目的、地点状语时常放于主句之前或之后,若强调时则应放于主句之前;频度副词如 almost、often 等作状语常放于 be 动词、情态动词之后,放于实义动词之前。 通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、形容词和从句等充当。 1.副词或副词短语作状语 He speaks English very well. 2.介词短语作状语 The boy was praised for his bravery. 3.动词不定式短语 The box is too heavy for me to lift. 4.动词 ing 短语 Wearing a pair of sunglasses, he went out . 5.过去分词短语 Written in a hurry, the article was not so good. 6.从句作状语 If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. No.7补语 概念和位置:有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明,补语有两种,分别是主语补足语、宾语补足语,用来对主语或宾语进行补充说明。 充当:常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词、副词等充当。高考英语试题主要考查非谓语动词作补足语的语法。 Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful.(形容词做宾补) We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.(名词短语作宾补) Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students. (过去分词短语作宾补) No.8 同位语 概念和位置:对句子中某一名词(词组)做进一步解释、说明,与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。 充当:同位语可用名词、代词、名词短语、同位语从句等充当。 1. This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. (名词) (2) 基本句型 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 基本句型一: S +V (主+谓) 基本句型二: S +link-V +P (主+系+表) 基本句型三: S +V +O (主+谓+宾) 基本句型四: S +V +IO +O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 基本句型五: S +V +O +C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:S +V(主+谓) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如: 1.Time flies. 2. The moon rose. 基本句型二:S +link-V +P(主+系+表) (1)表示状态和持续的连系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain,continue;stay 等等。 (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove 等。 1. This is an English dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 基本句型三:S +V +O(主+谓+宾) 此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 1. Who knows the answer? 2. She laugh at her. 3. He understands English. 主谓宾和主系表的区别 句型 谓语后区别 谓语词性或形式 主谓宾 主语≠宾语 宾语不能是形容词或者介词短语 主系表 主语≈宾语 表语可以是形容词或者介词短语 例:I love you 宾语 she is beautiful! 基本句型四:S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。 1. She passed him a new dress. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 直接宾语:动作的直接承受者 间接宾语:动作的间接接受者 基本句型五:S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 宾补:对宾语补充说明 1.I find the girl beautiful. 2. We keep the table clean. 3. They painted the door green. 4. They call supper dinner. 句型 区别1 区别二 区别三 主谓直宾间宾 直宾≠间宾 双宾不能是形容词/介短 间宾可以去掉 句子依然完整 主谓宾+宾补 宾语≈宾补 (有be关系) 宾补可以是形容词和介短 宾补不可以去掉 一旦去掉句子不完整 例:1.I found you a dog. I find the dog lovely 3.I find you a dog. I made you my assistant.(宾补可以去吗?) 例题解析 1. Which is the ADVERBIAL of the following sentence “He is doing the housework now.”? A.“He” B.“is doing” C.“the housework” D.“now” 2. 判断句型以及各类成分 (1)We forget these writers. (2)These writers are forgotten. (3) He got her a present. (4)The apple tastes good. 考点二、非谓语动词之动名词 【注意】非谓语动词是在句子中除了谓语动词之外的动词,不做谓语成分,一个句子中只有一个谓语动词,剩下的都是非谓语。 (1) 动名词的句法功能 (1)作主语 动名词作主语,放在句子的前面,但当动名词短语较长时,为了使句子保持平衡,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。 Reading makes a man perfect.阅读使人完美。 ①it 作形式主语,动名词作真正的主语的常用句型: 1.It is a waste of time doing sth ...做......是浪费时间。 2.It is no good/no use doing ...做......是不好的/没用的。 3.It is hardly/scarcely worth doing ...做......不值得。 4.It is worth/worthwhile doing ...做......是值得的。如: 5.It is no good reading in the sun.在阳光下看书是不好的。 6.It is useless remembering words only.只记单词是没有用的。 7.It is a waste of time doing such a thing.做这种事情是浪费时间。 8.It is worth discussing the problem.讨论这个问题是值得的。 ②动名词作主语常用于 there be 句型。如: There is no point doing such a silly thing.做这样一件傻事毫无意义。 There is no stopping him.无法阻止他。 ③动名词作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如: Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。 (2)作宾语 动名词作宾语,既可用于及物动词和短语动词后作宾语,也可用于介词后作介词的宾语。如: He enjoys reading stories.他喜欢读故事。 I dislike playing cards.我不喜欢打牌。 注意: ①并不是所有的及物动词都可以用动名词作宾语,动名词只能做某些及物动词及短语动词的宾语。可以用动名词作宾语的动词常用的有:enjoy,finish,spend,mind,keep,practice,stop,admit,advise,allow,avoid,dislike,miss,suggest。 可以用动名称作宾语的短语动词有:can't help,give up,keep on,feel like,carry on,put off,insist on,get down to,look forwards to,be/get used to 等。 (3)作表语 动名词作表语,有两种情况:①当动名词具有名词性质时,动名词短语说明主语的内容;②当动名词具有形容词性质时,动名词说明主语的性质或特征。如: His job is teaching English.他的工作是教英语。(说明工作的内容) His job is interesting.他的工作很有趣。(说明工作的特征) 注意: 当动词-ing 的动作是主语所发出时,句子不是系表结构,而是现在进行时。如: He is teaching Japanese at that school.他在那所学校教日语。(现在进行时) (4)作定语 动名词或动名词短语作定语,有的放在它所修饰的名词之前,有的放在它所修饰的名词之后。 ①单个的动名词作定语时,总是位于被修饰的名词之前,说明被修饰名词的目的、用途或特征。如:China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。 ②动名词后接名词、代词或副词构成的短语作定语时,总是位于所修饰的名词之后,说明名词所处的状态或进行的动作。如: The boy studying in the classroom is Li Lei.在教室里学习的那个男孩是李雷。 Don't trouble the dog sleeping over there .不要惹是生非。 (5)作同位语 动名词作同位语,位于同位的名词之后,且跟前面的名词用逗号隔开,表示前面名词的内容。如:His idea,helping farmers get in their crops,interested us very much.我们对他那帮助农民收割庄稼的想法很感兴趣。 The goal,making two thousand cars this month,excites the workers.本月生产两千辆小汽车的目标使工人们很兴奋。 (三)常见跟动词的 ing 形式的情况总结归纳 动词: finish doing sth.完成做某事; enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事; practice doing sth. 练习做某事 ;imagine doing,想象做某事; avoid doing sth.避免做某事; consider doing sth.考虑做某事; suggest doing sth.建议做某事; mind doing sth.介意做某事; keep doing sth.持续做 我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词 完成实践值得忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy) 继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up) 考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can't help, feel like) 喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind) ②固定短语: feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事; be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 be worth doing 值得做某事; spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事; have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth 做某事有困难; have fun doing.做某事高兴 ③介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by 等) 如:be good at doing sth= do well in doing sth..; thank you for doing sth.; give up doing sth.; stop/keep/prevent sb. from doing sth.; be afraid of doing sth.; be interested in doing sth.; be proud of; instead of; be fond of ④to 作介词+doing 1. look forward to doing sth (盼望) 2.pay attention to doing sth.(注意) 3.be used to doing sth. (习惯于) 4.prefer doing sth to doing sth.(更喜欢) 5.devote...... to doing sth (致力于) 6. make a contribution to doing (做贡献) 例题解析: 1. Nowadays the volunteers from the charity are busy money for the children who have infantile autism (自闭症). (collect) 2. After (finish) doing your homework, you can have a good rest. 3.Thanks a lot for (invite) me to your house. 4.To avoid (hit)the truck, he ran into the wall and his arm was badly hurt. 5.All the students are looking forward to (meet) the famous singer. 6.—The window is broken and needs ________. —I think so. They can hardly keep out the cold now. A.repairing B.to repair C.repaired D.be repaired 考点二、陈述句的构成形式及基本用法 陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法的句子。通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。 它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。 1. 肯定句。肯定句的基本结构是“主语+谓语”。如:I have a new friend. 我有一个新朋友。 I bought a book in the shop last Sunday. 上个星期天我在书店里买了一本书。 2. 否定句。否定句分为完全否定句和部分否定句。 (1)完全否定句: ① 若肯定陈述句谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成完全否定句。如: He is playing the guitar.(肯定)→ He is the guitar.(否定) We can get there before dark.(肯定)→ We there before dark.(否定) ② 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t,同时把该实义动词变为原形,即可构成完全否定句。如: He plays the violin well.(肯定)→ He the violin well.(否定) She won the game.(肯定)→ She the game.(否定) ③ 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have/has(有),则只需在be和have/has后加not,即可构成完全否定句。如: He has some books. → He any books. There is some water in the cup. → There water in the cup. ④ 除not外,否定词no, no one, nothing, nobody, never, neither等也可构成完全否定句。如: I have seen the film. → I have seen the film. There is something wrong with his bike. → There is wrong with his bike. 【注意】英语中,有些单词在变为否定句后,有所改变。如:some改为any,too改为either,already改为yet,and改为or,lots of改为many或much。 I have already had breakfast. → I haven’t had breakfast . There is some water in the cup. → There is not water in the cup. Jim has brothers and sisters. → Jim doesn’t have brothers sisters. There are lots of books in the library. → There aren’t books in the library. (2)部分否定句: ① 用hardly, seldom, few, little等词表示部分否定。如: I can hardly see anything in the rain. 在雨中我几乎什么东西也看不见。 ② not和both, all, each, every, quite, always等连用表示部分否定。如: Not all students come to school by bus. 并非所有的学生都乘公共汽车来上学。 三 疑问句的构成形式及基本用法 用来提出问题的句子叫做疑问句,句末用问号。疑问句可分为:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。 1. 一般疑问句: 一般疑问句用来询问事物或某种情况是否属实,以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have/has(有)开头,通常要求以yes,或no来回答的疑问句,读时通常用升调。 (1)一般疑问句的肯定结构:①Be+主语+其他(?) ②助动词(或情态动词)+主语+谓语(动词原形)+其他(?) 使用一般疑问句时应特别注意问句与答句在人称、数和时态上要保持一致。对一般疑问句作肯定回答时,通常是:Yes, 主语+be/助动词/情态动词;作否定回答时,通常是:No, 主语+be/助动词/情态动词+not;not一般要与前面的词构成缩略形式。如: ---- Can you swim? 你会游泳吗? ---- Yes, I can. 是的,我会。// ---- No, I can’t. 不,我不会。 ---- Is Tom a doctor? 汤姆是一个医生吗?---- Yes, he is. 是的,他是。// ---- No, he isn’t. 不,他不是。 ---- Do you know Mr. Smith? 你认识史密斯先生吗? ---- Yes, I do. 是的,我认识。// ---- No, I don’t. 不,我不是。 【注意】一般疑问句也可用表示肯定或否定的词来回答,如certainly(当然),surely(当然),of course(当然),I think so(我想是的),all right(好吧) certainly not(当然不是), not at all(一点也不),never(从不),sorry(很抱歉),not yet(还没有) I’m afraid not(恐怕不是)等。从而使语气变得客气、委婉。 ---- Can you come and play badminton with me? 你能和我一起去打羽毛球吗? ---- I’m afraid not. I have many things to do. 恐怕不能,我有许多事情要做。 (2)一般疑问句的否定结构:一般是以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have/has(有)与not的缩略形式开头,往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。与汉语不同的是,英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定,全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的,则用yes加肯定结构;若答语是否定的,则用no加否定结构。但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。 ---- Won’t she like it? 难道她不喜欢它?---- Yes, she will. 不,她喜欢。// No, she won’t. 是的,她不喜欢。 ---- Aren’t you a football fan? 难道你不是一个足球迷吗?---- Yes, I am. 不,我是。// No, I’m not. 是的,我不是。 2. 特殊疑问句: 以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。基本结构为:“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”。但如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语,就用“特殊疑问词+陈述句”。 特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答,要根据询问的内容具体回答。读时用降调。疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。 疑问代词可提问主语、谓语、表语或定语,常用的疑问代词有who(谁),whom(谁),whose(谁的),which(哪一个),what(什么);疑问副词有when(何时),where(何地),why(为什么),how(如何)以及疑问词组:how soon (多久);how long (多长时间);how far (多远);how often (多久一次);how many/much (多少)等。 常用的特殊疑问句和疑问词组用法辨析: 询问内容 疑问词或句型 例    句 回   答 职业,身份 what What is your father? He is a doctor. 姓名或关系 who Who is that boy? He is Jack. He is my brother 相貌特征 What be…like? What do/does…like? What is she like? What does she look like? She is kind/friendly. She looks like her mother. 目的 what…for? What did they come here for? To attend a meeting. 原因 why Why did they come here? Because they have a meeting to attend. 天气  how  what…like? How is the weather today? What is the weather like today? It’s fine. 颜色 what color…? What dolor is her skirt? It’s red. 服装尺寸 what size What size does he wear? He wears 40. 几点钟 what time What time is it? It’s 7:30. 星期几 what day What day is today? It’s Tuesday. 几号,日期 what is the date…? What is the date today? It’s May 2. 年龄(多大) how old How old is he? He is 38. 持续多长时间(多久) how long How long have you been here? For five months. 长度(多长) how long How long is the bridge? It’s 500 metres. 距离(多远) how far How far is it from here to the zoo? It’s 6 kilometres. 频度(多久一次) how often How often do you come back? Once a week. 时间经过(多久) how soon How soon will she arrive? In a week. 数量 (多少) how many(可数名词) how much(不可数名词) How many jackets do you have? How much coffee do you want? Three. Two cups. 价格 how much How much is it? How much does it cost? Five dollars. 高度(多高) how tall(人,树) how high(山,建筑物) How tall is she? How high is the tower? She’s 1.73 metres. It’s 450 metres. 3. 选择疑问句: 选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况,让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“一般疑问句+or+供选择部分”。or前面的部分读升调,or后面的部分读降调。选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答,而必须具体的选择答复。选择疑问句可分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。 一般选择疑问句的结构:一般疑问句+or+供选择部分? 如: ---- Shall we go there by bus or on foot? 我们乘坐公共汽车去还是步行去? ---- We’ll go by bus. 我们乘坐公共汽车去。 特殊选择疑问句的结构:特殊疑问句,+A or B/A, B or C? 如: ---- Which do you like better, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡,你更喜欢哪种? ---- I like tea better. 我更喜欢茶。 4. 反意疑问句: 反意疑问句也叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句的后面加一个简短问句,对陈述句所说的事实或者观点提出疑问或希望陈述句部分内容得到证实。 (1)反意疑问句的结构为:“肯定陈述+否定疑问句”或“否定陈述+肯定疑问句”(前肯,后否。前否,后肯。)如: 1.You are coming, you? 你会来的,是吗? 2.You can’t swim, you? 你不会游泳,对吗? 3.Her brother went to college last year, he? 她哥哥去年上的大学,是不是? (2)使用反意疑问句应该注意的问题: ① 简略问句如果是否定式,not应与be, do, will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写; ② 简略问句的主语不用名词,应用人称代词主格; ③ 当说话者的目的存在疑问,则用升调; ④ 反意问句里还必须要保持前后两部分在人称、时态、情态动词等方面的一致性。 (3)反意疑问句的回答:在回答反意疑问句的时候,如果是前肯后否的句子,思维和中国人相同;如果是前否后肯的句子,思维正好同中国人相反。 1.---- He is a student, he? 他是个学生,不是吗? ---- Yes, he is. 是的,他是学生。// No, he isn’t. 不是,他不是学生。 2.---- He doesn’t like playing football, does he? 他不喜欢踢球,是吗? ---- Yes, he does. 。// No, he doesn’t. 。 3.I am not a teacher, am I? (我不是一名老师,是吗?Yes, I am. No, I am not. 【注意】在回答时,不允许用“Yes, 人称代词+(系/助/情+not)(缩写).“或者“No, 人称代词+系/助/情.”。 1.You are in Class Four, you? 你在四班,不是吗? 2.Jim will go to England, he? 吉姆将要去英格兰,不是吗? 3.He can swim, he? 他会游泳,不是吗? 2)当陈述句谓语是行为动词的一般现在时或一般过去时,附加疑问句部分用do/don’t, does/doesn’t, did/didn’t +主语。 1.You need some help, you? 2.Tom tells you about it, he? 3.Jenny didn’t come to school yesterday, she? 3)当陈述部分谓语动词的have表示“有”之意时,则附加疑问可用have/haven’t(的适当形式)+主语,也可用助动词do/don’t (的适当形式)+主语;have用在完成时态中作助动词时,则附加疑问部分用have/haven’t(的适当形式)+主语;如果have作实义动词,表示“吃、喝、玩、度过”等意思时,则附加疑问部分用do/don’t (的适当形式) +主语;have to表示“必须,不得不”之意时,则附加疑问部分用do/don’t(的适当形式)+主语。 1.The Smiths has two children, they? 史密斯夫妇有两个孩子,不是吗? 2.They have planted a lot of trees, they? 他们已经种了许多树,不是吗? 4)当陈述部分是There be结构,附加疑问句部分用be there。 There is a clock on the table, there? 桌子上有一个时钟,不是吗? There is nothing in the box, there? 盒子里没有东西,是吗? 5)当陈述部分的情态动词must 表示“推测”时,附加疑问部分用aren’t/isn’t +主语,而不可用mustn’t;如果must表示“必须”时,附加疑问部分用needn’t。当陈述部分有mustn’t表示“禁止”时,附加疑问部分用must。 1.It must be yours, it? 它一定是你的,不是吗? 2.You must be hungry, you? 你一定饿了,不是吗? 6)当陈述句中含有情态动词may时,附加疑问句部分用mightn’t或can’t。如果表示将来意义,也可用won’t。 They may be here next week, they? 下周他们可能在这儿,不是吗? 7)当陈述句中含有ought to时,附加疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。 We ought to go now, we? 我们应当现在走,不是吗? 8)当陈述句的谓语部分含有had better, would rather, would like时,附加疑问部分的谓语应用相应的助动词+主语。 1.You’d better go now, you? 你最好现在走,不是吗? 2.You’d rather go there early, you? 你宁愿早去那儿,不是吗? 3.He’d like to go there, he? 他想要去那儿,不是吗? 10)当陈述部分有no, never, few, little, hardly, nothing, none, nobody, nowhere, seldom (不经常,很少), rarely (很少), scarcely (几乎不), too…to…等否定或半否定词时,附加疑问部分用肯定形式。 1.There is no air or water on the moon, there? 月球上没有空气和水,是吗? 2.She’s never been to West Hill Farm, she? 她从来没有去过西山农场,是吗? 3.She can hardly speak an English word, she? 她几乎不会说一个英语单词,是吗? 11)当陈述句的谓语部分含有un-, in, im, il, ir, dis否定前缀或否定后缀less构成的派生词时,附加疑问部分仍用否定结构。 1.He is unlike his brother, he? 他与他的哥哥不同,他不是吗? 2.The girl is too careless, she? 那个女孩太粗心了,不是吗? 3.That’s unfair, it? 那是不公平的,不是吗? 4.You are hopeless, you? 你是没有希望的,不是吗? 5.He is unfit for his job, he? 他是不称职的,不是吗? 6.She dislikes it, she? 她不喜欢它,不是吗? 7.You are unhappy, you? 你不开心,不是吗? 四 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、劝告、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。 1. 肯定的祈使句: (1)祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。如: Be quiet. 安静! // You be quiet! 你安静! (2)“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。如: Do come on time! 一定要准时来!// Do look out! 一定要小心! (3)有时为了表示一种客气、委婉的语气,可在句首或句末加please,但please加在句末时,前面必须用逗号与其余部分分开。如:Open the window, please. 请打开窗! // Please listen to me carefully. 请认真听我讲。 (4)Let引导祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。如: Let Jack wait a minute. 让杰克等一分钟。 // Let’s go to school. 让我们去上学吧。 (5)在祈使句中,Let’s和 Let us是有区别的。Let’s包括说话者在内,而Let us不包括说话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。如: Let’s go skating, shall we?(表示内部的建议) // Let us try again, will you?(表示向别人发出请求) 2. 否定祈使句: (1)Don’t/Never+动词原形。如:Don’t be late.不要迟到。// Don’t do that again! 别再那样做了! Never leave today’s work for tomorrow! 决不要把今天的工作留到明天! (2)Let型的否定式有两种:“Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。如: Don’t let him go.= Let him not go. 别让他走。 Don’t let me go with her tomorrow.=Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。 (3)在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。如: No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! // No smoking! 禁止吸烟! // No parking! 禁止停车!// NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照! “祈使句+and/or+结果状语”句型,此句型可以转换成if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句。 Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点,否则你就迟到了。 =If you don’t hurry up, you will be late. 如果不快点,你就会迟到。 =If you hurry up, you won’t be late. 如果快点,你将不会迟到。 五 由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别 感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“!”,读时用降调,感叹句往往由what或how引导,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词,副词或动词。 1. what引导的感叹句: (1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! (2)what+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语! 2. How引导的感叹句: (1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! (2)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! 3. what和how引导的感叹句有时可以互换,但是要注意词序的变化。 1. a tall boy your brother is! 你哥哥是一个多么高的男孩! 2. beautiful pictures they are! 那些图画多美丽呀! 3. terrible weather it is! 天气多么糟糕啊! 4. cold it is! 天气多么冷啊! 5. hard he works! 他工作多么努力啊! 当堂练习: 1. 分析句子类型以及标出成分。 I taste the apple. He got his shoes and socks wet. I found the book easily. I found the book easy They elected him as the chairman of the Students’ Union. He was elected as the chairman of the Students’ Union. 家庭作业 语法选择 When it becomes colder and colder and you see people sneezing and getting a runny(流鼻涕的) nose, you should think about getting vaccinated (接种疫苗) to protect yourself against the flu. Below are some commonly asked questions about this illness.  1  on and you'll find out how to prevent yourself from getting it.  Q: 2  I need to be vaccinated against the flu?  A:The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US recommends that everyone aged 6 months and older receive a flu vaccine. Q: 3  does a flu shot (注射) work?  A:The formula(配方) in the shot helps your immune system(免疫系统) to produce antibodies(抗体). The antibodies work against the three most common flu viruses. Q:Do I really need a vaccine every year? A: 4 . This is because public health officials look at which of the flu viruses will be the most common every year. Then they set a formula to work against those special viruses. So the formula can change from year to year.  Q: 5  does the flu season start?  A:It usually begins in October and can last through May. But people don't know when the flu will strike, and seasonal peaks may be different in different areas. Q:I hate needles (针)!I can take a flu pill instead,  6 I?  A:Unfortunately, you can't! But now, there is a new, less scary method. It uses a new needle, about 90 percent smaller than the standard one. It goes just under the skin rather than deep into the muscle, causing less pain later. People aged from 18 to 64 can have this kind of vaccine. Q: 7  are the risks(风险)?  A:Serious problems from flu vaccines seldom happen. Common mild problems include:soreness or redness where the shot was given, a fever, a headache, and a cough. Allergic (过敏的) reaction symptoms include:difficult breathing, a fast heart rate and hives (荨麻疹). Q: 8  dangerous it seems! What should people do if such problems happen?  A:People with severe allergies, especially to eggs, should talk to their doctors before getting a shot. 1.A.Read    B.To read    C.Readed    D.Reading 2.A.Do    B.Does    C.Are    D.Did 3.A.What    B.How    C.Why    D.When 4.A.Yes, I do    B.No, I don't C.Yes, you do  D.No, you don't 5.A.Where    B.When    C.Which    D.Why 6.A.can    B.can't    C.do    D.don't 7.A.What    B.How    C.When    D.Where 8.A.What    B.What a    C.How    D.How a 4 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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2025年人教版中考英语复习简单句
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2025年人教版中考英语复习简单句
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