Unit 2单元语法知识（学生版）2024-2025学年人教版英语九年级全册

一、本单元重点单 2、 重点语法 （一）动词的时态 （二）句子成分和基本句型 1.句子成分 No. 1 主语 概念和位置：句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，通常位于句首。 通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 语序：正常：主语+谓语; 全部倒装：谓语+主语; 部分倒装：情态动词/助动词+主语+实义动词。 No. 2 谓语 表示主语的动作或状态、谓语由动词充当，一般位于主语之后。 充当：一般由动词短语、系动词、动词、“情态动词/助动词+实义动词”结构等充当，谓语有时态与语态的变化，同时受到句子主语的单复数和人称的制约，如果主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式。 (1)由单一动词 V.做谓语 We are Chinese. (2)情态 V + V 原 He can speak English well. (3)助 V +V I have seen this man before. No. 3 宾语 通常由名词、数词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。 1.名词或相当于名词的短语 I accepted your wise advice. 2.代词或相当于代词的短语 All of us like him. 3.数词或数词短语 Give me four. 4. the + 形容词表示一类人 They teach the blind to read. 5.不定式或不定式短He began to learn English a year ago./He did not know what to say. 6.动名词或动名词短语 He is used to working at night./This book is worth reading. 7.从句 I think that he is right./I wonder if you'd like to go with us. No. 4 表语 （在系动词之后） 由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等充当。 1.形容词 I feel much better today. 2.代词 The book is mine. 3.名词或名词所有格 They are my students. 4.数词 His telephone number is 88888888. 5.副词 They are over there. 6.介词短语 They are in trouble. 7.不定式短语 My dream is to go to college. 8.动词 ing 短语 His hobby is collecting stamps. 9.过去分词短语 My camera is broken. 10.从句 The truth is what he said just now. No. 5 定语 概念：修饰或限定名词或代词的成分叫定语； 位置: 定语有前置定语和后置定语。形容词、数词、代词、名词等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之前，但是在修饰 any-，some-，no， every-等构成的单词，如 something 等时，应放于这些复合不定代词之后进行修饰。动词不定式、副词、介词短语、从句等作定语时一般放于被修饰词之后。 充当：定语通常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句充当。 No. 6 状语 概念：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、伴随、条件、程度、让步等。状语位置灵活。 修饰整个句子时放于句首; 修饰形容词或副词时放于其后; 表时间、目的、地点状语时常放于主句之前或之后，若强调时则应放于主句之前;频度副词如 almost、often 等作状语常放于 be 动词、情态动词之后，放于实义动词之前。 通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、形容词和从句等充当。 1.副词或副词短语作状语 He speaks English very well. 2.介词短语作状语 The boy was praised for his bravery. 3.动词不定式短语 The box is too heavy for me to lift. 4.动词 ing 短语 Wearing a pair of sunglasses, he went out . 5.过去分词短语 Written in a hurry， the article was not so good. 6.从句作状语 If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. No.7补语 概念和位置：有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明，补语有两种，分别是主语补足语、宾语补足语，用来对主语或宾语进行补充说明。 充当：常由形容词、名词、不定式、分词、副词等充当。高考英语试题主要考查非谓语动词作补足语的语法。 Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful.（形容词做宾补） We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.（名词短语作宾补） Lijiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students. （过去分词短语作宾补） No.8 同位语 概念和位置：对句子中某一名词（词组）做进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。 充当：同位语可用名词、代词、名词短语、同位语从句等充当。 1. This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. (名词) 练习： (1)We forget these writers. (2)These writers are forgotten. (3) He got her a present. (4)The apple tastes good. （三）宾语从句 （一）引导词 1. that 引导陈述句作宾语从句，口语中常省略。 Tell him (that) I have read the story. She told me (that) she would like to go with us. 宾语从句的否定转移。 在 think，believe，suppose，expect 等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将 think 等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如： ①我认为今晚他不能来。 【误】I think he can’t come this evening. 【正】I don’t think he can come this evening. ②他认为我们现在不在教室里。 【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now. 【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now. 2．连词 if/whether 引导一般疑问句作宾语从句，表“是否”，从句陈述语序（主语在谓语之前），且口语中多用 if。 Do you know if he will go to school tomorrow? I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei . 注意：以下情况的宾语从句中，只能用 whether，不能用 if： ① 引导词与动词不定式或 or not 连用时 I’m not sure whether to go or to stay. He asked me whether or not I was thirsty. ② 当从句做介词的宾语时 We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. The picnic will depend on whether the weather will be fine. 3．特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句作宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序。 He didn’t know when he would leave for shanghai. Could you tell me what is wrong with you? 练习： 1．— I wonder ________.— Yes, many young people like it very much. A．how do Chinese people dance B．where can Chinese people dance C．how many people like Chinese dance D．whether Chinese dance is popular 2．— Can you tell me ________?— Never spend too much time on screens. A．how we can have healthy eyes B．why we should protect our eyes C．how can we have bright eyes （二）时态 1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 家庭作业： 1．—Could you tell me ________?—It hasn’t been decided yet. A．when we will hold the graduation ceremony B．how long will the graduation ceremony last C．where the graduation ceremony was held 2．The Wandering Earth II (流浪地球 2) tells us a story about ________. A．how people tried to save the earth B．how did people try to save the earth C．how do people try to save the earth 3．Sometimes Daniel needs someone to share his worries with, but he doesn’t know ________. A．what should he talk to B．who he should talk to C．where should he talk to D．when he should talk to 4．—Dad, do you remember ________ for the first time?—In 2006. A．when you will visit Beijing B．when you visited Beijing C．when are you visiting Beijing Ⅱ。阅读理解 学科组长签字： 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$