专题1 高频词汇和短语动词（讲义）-黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版）及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中词汇知识清单的第1个专题，内容为高频词汇和短语动词。 黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习 英语词汇知识清单 专题1 高频词汇和短语动词（讲+练）【考点解读】 单词一直是英语学习的重点和难点。本文主要提供一些高频基础词汇，掌握词汇基础含义以及基本用法，对各种题型都有帮助。但复习时也要细致具体，关注基础，同时关注细节，注意拔高部分，掌握技巧，在考试中取得更好的成绩。 【知识点清单一】高频词汇 一、高频动词 单词及含义 例句 accept 接受 She will accept the gift from her friend.（她会接受朋友的礼物。） achieve 实现 He wants to achieve his dream of becoming a doctor.（他想实现成为医生的梦想。） advise 建议 My teacher advises me to study harder.（我的老师建议我更努力学习。） afford 支付得起 I can't afford this expensive book.（我买不起这本昂贵的书。） answer 回答 Please answer my question.（请回答我的问题。） appear 出现 The sun appears in the morning.（太阳在早上出现。） arrive 到达 We will arrive at the station at 8 o'clock.（我们将在 8 点到达车站。） argue争论 They often argue about small things.（他们经常为小事争吵。） beat打败 Our team beat their team in the game.（我们队在比赛中打败了他们队。） begin 开始 The class will begin in five minutes.（五分钟后开始上课。） believe相信 I believe what he said.（我相信他说的话。） break 打破 Don't break the glass.（别打破玻璃。） burn 燃烧 The fire burned the paper.（火把纸烧了。） cause 导致 His carelessness caused the accident.（他的粗心导致了事故。） celebrate庆祝 We celebrate Christmas every year.（我们每年都庆祝圣诞节。） check 检查 Please check your homework carefully.（请仔细检查你的作业。） choose 选择 You can choose your favorite color.（你可以选择你最喜欢的颜色。） collect收集 He likes to collect stamps.（他喜欢收集邮票。） communicate交流 We communicate with each other by phone.（我们通过电话互相交流。） compare 比较 Compare these two pictures and find the differences.（比较这两张图片，找出不同之处。） control 控制 He can control the speed of the car.（他能控制汽车的速度。） consider考虑 Please consider my suggestion.（请考虑我的建议。） continue 继续 Let's continue our discussion.（我们继续讨论吧。） connect 连接 Connect the computer to the internet.（把电脑连接到互联网。） cover覆盖 Cover the table with a cloth.（用一块布盖住桌子。） cross 横过 Be careful when you cross the road.（过马路时要小心。） count 数 Count the number of books on the shelf.（数一数书架上的书的数量。） create 创造 Children like to create their own stories.（孩子们喜欢创作自己的故事。） dare敢于 She doesn't dare to walk alone at night.（她不敢在晚上独自走路。） deal处理 I don't know how to deal with this problem.（我不知道如何处理这个问题。） decide 决定 They decide to go on a trip.（他们决定去旅行。） depend 依靠 Our success depends on hard work.（我们的成功取决于努力工作。） destroy 毁坏 The storm destroyed many houses.（暴风雨摧毁了许多房屋。） develop发展 The city is developing very fast.（这座城市发展得非常快。） discover 发现 Columbus discovered America in 1492.（哥伦布在 1492 年发现了美洲。） discuss 讨论 We will discuss the plan tomorrow.（我们明天将讨论这个计划。） drop掉落 He dropped his pen on the floor.（他把钢笔掉在地上了。） divide分开 Divide the cake into four pieces.（把蛋糕分成四份。） encourage鼓励 My parents encourage me to follow my heart.（我的父母鼓励我追随自己的内心。） examine检查 The doctor will examine your eyes.（医生将检查你的眼睛。） exchange改变 Let's exchange our phone numbers.（我们交换一下电话号码吧。） expect盼望 I expect to see you soon.（我期待很快见到你。） express 表现 She can express her feelings well.（她能很好地表达自己的感情。） explain 解释 Can you explain this word to me?（你能给我解释一下这个单词吗？） escape逃离 The bird escaped from the cage.（鸟从笼子里逃走了。） fail 失败，不及格 He failed the math test last week.（他上周数学考试不及格。） fall落下 Leaves fall from the trees in autumn.（秋天树叶从树上掉落。） fear恐惧 She fears dogs.（她害怕狗。） feed 喂养 Don't forget to feed the cat.（别忘了喂猫。） fetch 去拿来 Please fetch me a glass of water.（请给我拿一杯水来。） fill 填满 Fill the bottle with water.（把瓶子装满水。） fix 修理 He can fix the broken bike.（他能修理坏了的自行车。） follow跟随 Follow me, and I will show you the way.（跟我来，我给你带路。） force 强迫 They forced him to leave.（他们强迫他离开。） guess猜测 Guess what I bought for you.（猜猜我给你买了什么。） greet 打招呼 We greet each other every morning.（我们每天早上互相打招呼。） guide指导 The tour guide showed us around the city.（导游带我们参观了这座城市。） happen发生 An accident happened on the road.（路上发生了一起事故。） hang悬挂 Hang your coat on the hook.（把你的外套挂在钩子上。） hide 隐藏 The children are hiding behind the door.（孩子们藏在门后面。） improve提高 I want to improve my English.（我想提高我的英语水平。） hold 容纳，握 Hold the book in your hand.（把书拿在手里。） hurry 赶快，匆忙 Hurry up, or we'll be late.（快点，否则我们要迟到了。） include 包括 The price includes tax.（价格包括税。） increase 增加 The price of vegetables has increased.（蔬菜价格上涨了。） imagine 想象 Imagine you are on a beautiful island.（想象你在一个美丽的岛上。） impress 留印象 His speech impressed everyone.（他的演讲给每个人留下了深刻印象。） interview采访 The reporter will interview the famous singer.（记者将采访这位著名歌手。） introduce介绍 Let me introduce my friend to you.（让我把我的朋友介绍给你。） invite 邀请 He invited me to his birthday party.（他邀请我参加他的生日聚会。） invent发明 Edison invented the light bulb.（爱迪生发明了电灯泡。） join 参加 She wants to join the music club.（她想加入音乐俱乐部。） jump 跳跃 The kids like to jump rope.（孩子们喜欢跳绳。） judge 判断 Don't judge a person by their appearance.（不要以貌取人。） keep保持 Keep the door open, please.（请让门开着。） manage管理 He can manage his time well.（他能很好地管理自己的时间。） match 匹配 These two colors match well.（这两种颜色很相配。） make制作 She makes a cake for her family.（她为家人做了一个蛋糕。） mark做记号;打分 Mark the important sentences.（把重要的句子标出来。） marry嫁娶 They will marry next month.（他们下个月结婚。） mean用意 What does this word mean?（这个单词是什么意思？） meet遇见 We will meet at the school gate.（我们将在学校门口见面。） mend修理 Can you mend my socks?（你能补一下我的袜子吗？） mention提到 He didn't mention his new job.（他没有提到他的新工作。） note 注意 Note down your phone number.（记下你的电话号码。） mind 介意 Do you mind if I open the window?（你介意我打开窗户吗？） mistake犯错 I mistook his book for mine.（我把他的书错当成我的了。） need 需要 We need some water.（我们需要一些水。） obey 服从 We should obey the traffic rules.（我们应该遵守交通规则。） notice通知 Did you notice the sign?（你注意到那个标志了吗？） offer 提供 He offered me a cup of tea.（他给了我一杯茶。） operate 运转 The machine operates well.（这台机器运转良好。） own 拥有 He owns a small house.（他拥有一所小房子。） order命令 The teacher ordered us to be quiet.（老师命令我们安静。） organize 组织 We will organize a party.（我们将组织一个聚会。） pass 通过 He passed the ball to his teammate.（他把球传给了队友。） perform 表演 The actors will perform a play.（演员们将表演一出戏剧。） pick 选择 Pick up the pencil on the floor.（捡起地上的铅笔。） pay 付款 I pay 10 yuan for this book.（我花 10 元买这本书。） phone打电话 I will phone you tonight.（我今晚给你打电话。） point 指出 He pointed to the map.（他指着地图。） praise 赞扬 The teacher praised him for his good work.（老师因他出色的作业表扬了他。） place 放置 Place the box on the table.（把盒子放在桌子上。） practice练习 Practice speaking English every day.（每天练习说英语。） provide 提供 The company provides free training for new employees.这家公司为新员工提供免费培训。 prepare准备 We are preparing for the exam.（我们正在为考试做准备。） protect保护 We should protect the environment.（我们应该保护环境。） reach达到 They reached the village at night.（他们晚上到达了村庄。） regard 看待 I regard him as my best friend.（我把他当作我最好的朋友。） receive 接收 She received a letter from her mother.（她收到了母亲的一封信。） repeat 重复 Please repeat the sentence.（请重复这个句子。） rise 上升 The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。） satisfy令人满意 The result satisfies everyone.（这个结果让每个人都满意。） send发送 I will send an email to my friend.（我将给我的朋友发一封电子邮件。） share分享 Let's share the food.（我们分享这些食物吧。） stick 坚持 Stick to your dream, and you will succeed.（坚持你的梦想，你就会成功。） succeed 成功 He succeeded in passing the exam.（他成功通过了考试。） solve解决 Can you solve this math problem?（你能解决这道数学题吗？） travel 旅行 They travel to different cities every year.（他们每年去不同的城市旅行。） wake 叫醒 Please wake me up at 7 o'clock.（请在 7 点叫醒我。） prove证明 He can prove his idea.（他能证明他的想法。） produce 生产 This factory produces cars.（这家工厂生产汽车。） provide提供 The hotel provides breakfast.（这家酒店提供早餐。） prevent阻止 We should prevent the disease from spreading.（我们应该防止疾病传播。） realize 意识到 I realize I was wrong.（我意识到我错了。） regret 后悔 He regrets saying those words.（他后悔说了那些话。） remember记得 Remember to turn off the light.（记得关灯。） reply回复 He replied to my letter.（他回复了我的信。） return 返回 Please return the book on time.（请按时还书。） relax 放松 Listening to music can help you relax.（听音乐能帮助你放松。） rent出租 They rent a house in the city.（他们在城里租了一所房子。） report 报导 The newspaper reported the news.（报纸报道了这条新闻。） review 回顾 Review the lessons before the exam.（考试前复习功课。） record 记录 He likes to record his daily life.（他喜欢记录自己的日常生活。） raise提高 Raise your hand if you have a question.（如果有问题就举手。） refuse拒绝 She refused his invitation.（她拒绝了他的邀请。） remain 保持 He remained silent during the meeting.（他在会议期间保持沉默。） repair 修理 My father can repair the TV.（我爸爸能修理电视机。） require 需要 The job requires hard work.（这份工作需要努力。） remind 介意 This photo reminds me of my childhood.（这张照片让我想起了我的童年。） search 研究 They search for the lost keys.（他们寻找丢失的钥匙。） shut 关闭 Shut the door, please.（请关上门。） shine 照耀 The sun shines brightly.（阳光灿烂。） store 储藏 They store food for the winter.（他们储存食物过冬。） study 研究 She studies English every day.（她每天学习英语。） save节省 Save water, please.（请节约用水。） show显示 Show me your new bag.（给我看看你的新包。） sort 分类 Sort the books by subject.（按科目把书分类。） suit 适合 This dress suits you well.（这件连衣裙很适合你。） surprise使惊奇 The news surprised everyone.（这个消息让每个人都很惊讶。） serve 接待 The restaurant serves delicious food.（这家餐厅供应美味的食物。） shout呼喊 Don't shout in the library.（不要在图书馆大喊大叫。） spend 花钱 I spend two hours doing my homework.（我花两个小时做作业。） suggest 建议 I suggest going for a walk.（我建议去散步。） supply 供给 The company supplies materials to the factory.（这家公司为工厂供应材料。） trust 相信 I trust my parents.（我信任我的父母。） taste 尝起来 The cake tastes good.（这个蛋糕尝起来很好吃。） turn 转变 Turn left at the corner.（在拐角处向左转。） visit参观 We will visit our grandparents this weekend.（我们这个周末将去看望祖父母。） wonder想知道 I wonder what time it is.（我想知道现在几点了。） waste浪费 Don't waste food.（不要浪费食物。） wait 等待 Wait for me at the bus stop.（在公交车站等我。） worry 担忧 Don't worry about your exam.（别担心你的考试。） 【即时训练】 一、选择题 1.She ______ the gift from her friend but didn’t use it. A. accepted B. received C. refused D. returned 答案：B 解析：receive 强调 “客观收到”，accept 表示 “主观接受”。句意为 “她收到了礼物但没用”，用 received 更合适。 2.The company plans to ______ new technology to improve production. A. invent B. discover C. create D. develop 答案：D 解析：develop technology 表示 “研发技术”；invent（发明）、discover（发现）、create（创造）均不符合 “改进现有技术” 的语境。 3.Can you ______ the difference between “lie” and “lay”? A. say B. tell C. speak D. talk 答案：B 解析：tell the difference 为固定搭配，意为 “区分差异”。 4.The old bridge ______ by workers last month. A. repairs B. repaired C. is repaired D. was repaired 答案：D 解析：bridge 与 repair 为被动关系，且 last month 提示过去时，用一般过去时的被动语态 was repaired。 5.The sun ______ in the east every day. A. rises B. raises C. is rising D. is raising 答案：A 解析：rise（升起）为不及物动词，描述自然现象用一般现在时；raise（举起）为及物动词，后需接宾语。 6.The company will ______ 50 new staff next month. A. join B. take on C. attend D. enter 答案：B 解析：take on 表示 “雇佣”，符合 “公司招聘新员工” 的语境；join（加入）、attend（参加）、enter（进入）均不搭配。 7.The doctor ______ him to stop smoking for health. A. advised B. suggested C. hoped D. made 答案：A 解析：advise sb. to do sth. 为固定结构；suggest 后接 doing sth.，hope 不接 sb. to do，make sb. do sth.（使某人做）不符合语境。 8.She ______ the book and found her lost key. A. looked up B. looked through C. looked for D. looked after 答案：B 解析：look through（浏览）符合 “翻看书本找到钥匙” 的语境；look up（查阅）、look for（寻找）、look after（照顾）均不匹配。 二、填空题 9.The teacher advised us ______ (review) the lessons before the exam. 答案：to review 解析：advise sb. to do sth. 为固定结构，意为 “建议某人做某事”。 10.He can’t afford ______ (buy) a new car because of low salary. 答案：to buy 解析：afford to do sth. 表示 “有能力做某事”，后接不定式。 11.The team decided ______ (hold) a meeting to solve the problem. 答案：to hold 解析：decide to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为 “决定做某事”。 12.The fire ______ (burn) for 10 minutes before firefighters arrived. 答案：had burned /had burnt 解析：burn 的过去分词有规则（burned）和不规则（burnt）两种形式，此处用过去完成时表示 “火灾在消防员到达前已燃烧 10 分钟”。 13.She ______ (break) the cup when she dropped it. 答案：broke 解析：break 的过去式为 broke，句意为 “她摔杯子时打碎了它”，用一般过去时。 14.When I ______ (arrive) at the station, the train ______ (leave). 答案：arrived; had left 解析：“到达车站” 为过去时，“火车已离开” 发生在到达之前，用过去完成时 had left。 15.从方框中选择合适动词并用正确形式填空： [achieve, compare, protect, waste, surprise] 1）She ______ her goal of running a marathon last year. 2）Don’t ______ time on meaningless things. 3）The gift ______ her because it was her favorite book. 答案： a. achieved（实现目标） b. waste（浪费时间） c. surprised（使惊讶，用过去时） 三、改错题 16.The movie was so moving that I couldn’t help to cry.（改错） 答案：to cry → crying 解析：can’t help doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为 “忍不住做某事”。 17.He was too nervous to answer to the question.（改错） 答案：answer to → answer 解析：answer 为及物动词，直接接宾语，无需加 to。 九、翻译题 18.翻译：他坚持每天练习英语。 答案：He sticks to practicing English every day. 解析：stick to doing sth. 表示 “坚持做某事”，注意 to 为介词，后接动名词。 二、高频形容词 单词及含义 例句 able能够的 He is able to solve the math problem.（他能解决这道数学题。） alive活着的 The fish is still alive in the bowl.（碗里的鱼还活着。） actual真实的 The actual price is lower than I thought.（实际价格比我想的低。） awful讨厌的 The weather today is awful—rainy and cold.（今天天气很糟糕，又下雨又冷。） amazing 令人惊喜的 The movie has an amazing ending.（这部电影有个惊人的结局。） angry 生气的 She is angry with her brother for breaking the toy.（她因弟弟弄坏玩具而生气。） afraid恐惧的 He is afraid of speaking in public.（他害怕当众讲话。） asleep睡着的 The baby fell asleep quickly.（宝宝很快睡着了。） active活跃的 Children are always active in the playground.（孩子们在操场总是很活跃。） alike 相同的 The twin sisters look alike.（这对双胞胎姐妹长得很像。） alone 孤独的 She stayed alone at home last night.（她昨晚独自在家。） blind 盲的 The blind man uses a cane to walk.（盲人用拐杖走路。） brave勇敢的 The brave firefighter saved the cat from the fire.勇敢的消防员从火里救出了猫。 boring无聊的 This book is so boring that I can’t finish it.（这本书太无聊了，我读不完。） born 天生的 She was born in a small town.（她出生在一个小镇。） beautiful美丽的 The garden is full of beautiful flowers.（花园里开满了美丽的花。） bright 明亮的 The room is bright because of the big window.（房间因大窗户而明亮。） careful小心的 Be careful when you cross the street.（过马路时要小心。） clean干净的 She keeps her room clean every day.（她每天保持房间干净。） cheap 便宜的 These apples are cheap but fresh.（这些苹果便宜但新鲜。） careless 粗心的 He failed the test because of careless mistakes.（他因粗心犯错而考试不及格。） clear 清楚的 The instructions are clear—everyone can understand.指示很清楚，每个人都能懂。 certain确定的 I’m certain that he will come on time.（我确定他会准时来。） clever聪明的 The clever dog can fetch balls.（这只聪明的狗会捡球。） close 关着的，近的 The store is close to my home.（这家店离我家很近。） colorful 多彩的 Children like colorful toys.（孩子们喜欢五颜六色的玩具。） comfortable舒服的 This sofa is more comfortable than that one.（这张沙发比那张舒服。） common共同的 It’s common to see birds in the park.（在公园看到鸟很常见。） confusing令人困惑的 The question is confusing—can you explain it?这个问题很困惑，你能解释吗？ convenient 方便的 Taking the subway is convenient in the city.（在城市里坐地铁很方便。） creative 有创造性的 She has a creative way to solve the problem.（她有一个创造性的方法解决问题。） crowded 拥挤的 The bus is too crowded in the morning.（早上公交车太拥挤了。） confident 自信的 He is confident about his job interview.（他对求职面试很自信。） correct正确的 Your answer is correct—well done!（你的答案正确，做得好！） crazy疯狂的 It’s crazy to go out in such heavy rain.（下这么大雨出去太疯狂了。） cruel 残酷的 It’s cruel to hurt small animals.（伤害小动物是残酷的。） dangerous危险的 Swimming in the river is dangerous.（在河里游泳很危险。） dark 黑的，暗的 It’s too dark to see anything outside.（太暗了，外面什么也看不见。） deep 深的 The lake is too deep for kids to swim in.（湖太深，孩子不能在里面游泳。） difficult 困难的 Math is difficult for some students.（数学对一些学生来说很难。） daily 日常的 Exercising is part of my daily life.（锻炼是我日常生活的一部分。） delicious美味的 Mom’s cooking is always delicious.（妈妈做的菜总是很美味。） different不同的 My plan is different from yours.（我的计划和你的不同。） disappointing 令人失望的 The game result was disappointing.（比赛结果令人失望。） easy 容易的 This question is easy—even a child can answer.这个问题很简单，连孩子都能回答。 embarrassed尴尬的 She felt embarrassed when she fell down.（她摔倒时感到很尴尬。） embarrassing令人尴尬的 Wearing mismatched socks is embarrassing.（穿错袜子很尴尬。） expensive 贵的 The new phone is too expensive for me.（这部新手机对我来说太贵了。） excited 兴奋的 The kids are excited about the upcoming trip.（孩子们对即将到来的旅行很兴奋。） far 远的 The school is far from my house—20 minutes by bus.（学校离我家很远，坐公交 20 分钟。） famous 著名的 Paris is famous for its beautiful buildings.（巴黎以美丽的建筑闻名。） foreign 外国的 Learning a foreign language is useful.（学一门外语很有用。） funny 有趣的，滑稽的 The comedian told funny jokes and made everyone laugh.（喜剧演员讲了有趣的笑话，让大家都笑了。） empty空的 The fridge is empty—we need to buy food.（冰箱空了，我们需要买吃的。） exciting令人兴奋的 The exciting news made her jump with joy.（这个令人兴奋的消息让她高兴得跳了起来。） fast快速的 The cheetah is the fastest animal on land.（猎豹是陆地上跑得最快的动物。） fair 公平的 It’s not fair to treat others differently.（区别对待他人是不公平的。） favorite 最喜欢的 Blue is my favorite color.（蓝色是我最喜欢的颜色。） free空闲的，免费的 Are there any free seats in the classroom?（教室里有免费的座位吗？） friendly友好的 The new classmate is very friendly to everyone.（新同学对每个人都很友好。） full 满的，饱的 I’m full—I can’t eat another bite.（我饱了，一口也吃不下了。） fit 适合的 This shirt fits me well.（这件衬衫很适合我。） glad 高兴的 I’m glad to meet you at the party.（很高兴在派对上见到你。） gentle温柔的 The mother spoke to her baby in a gentle voice.（母亲用温柔的声音和宝宝说话。） happy高兴的 They are happy to hear the good news.（他们听到好消息很高兴。） hard-working努力工作的 She is a hard-working student—always studies late.（她是个勤奋的学生，总是学习到很晚。） hard 困难的，硬的 The math problem is too hard for me.（这道数学题对我来说太难了。） helpful 有帮助的 The teacher’s advice was helpful for my study.（老师的建议对我的学习很有帮助。） honest诚实的 An honest person never tells lies.（诚实的人从不说谎。） homeless 无家可归的 We should help homeless people in winter.（冬天我们应该帮助无家可归的人。） healthy健康的 Eating vegetables is healthy for your body.（吃蔬菜对身体有益。） hungry饥饿的 I’m hungry—let’s have dinner now.（我饿了，现在吃晚饭吧。） important重要的 It’s important to drink enough water every day.（每天喝足够的水很重要。） impossible 不可能的 It’s impossible to finish the work in one hour.（一小时内完成工作是不可能的。） injured 受伤的 He got injured in the basketball game.（他在篮球比赛中受伤了。） interesting 有趣的 This book is so interesting that I can’t put it down.（这本书太有趣了，我放不下。） just公正的 The judge made a just decision.（法官做出了公正的裁决。） knowledgeable知识渊博的 The professor is knowledgeable about history.（教授在历史方面知识渊博。） kind 和蔼的 She is a kind person—always helps others.（她是个善良的人，总是帮助别人。） large大的 A large crowd gathered in the square.（广场上聚集了一大群人。） latest 最新的 I want to buy the latest magazine.（我想买最新的杂志。） lazy 懒惰的 The lazy cat sleeps all day.（这只懒猫睡了一整天。） magic 有魔力的 The magician performed a magic trick.（魔术师表演了一个魔术。） lively 活泼的 The lively music made everyone dance.（活泼的音乐让大家都跳了起来。） lonely孤独的 He feels lonely when his friends are away.（朋友离开时他感到孤独。） main 主要的 The main idea of the story is about friendship.（这个故事的主旨是关于友谊。） modern 现代的 This city has many modern buildings.（这座城市有很多现代化建筑。） national 国家的 National Day is a happy holiday for everyone.国庆节对每个人来说都是快乐的节日。 natural自然的 We should protect natural resources.（我们应该保护自然资源。） nearby 附近的 There is a nearby park where we can walk.（附近有个公园，我们可以去散步。） necessary 必要的 It’s necessary to learn basic computer skills.（学习基础电脑技能是必要的。） nervous 紧张的 She feels nervous before the exam.（考试前她感到紧张。） normal 平常的 It’s normal to feel tired after running.（跑步后感到累是正常的。） northern 北方的 Northern countries are colder in winter.（北方国家冬天更冷。） opposite 相反的 The post office is on the opposite side of the street.（邮局在街道的对面。） outgoing 开朗的 She is outgoing and makes friends easily.（她性格开朗，容易交朋友。） particular 特别的 He has a particular interest in science.（他对科学有特别的兴趣。） polite 有礼貌的 It’s polite to say “thank you” when someone helps you.（别人帮助你时说 “谢谢” 是礼貌的。） personal 个人的 This is my personal opinion—you can disagree.这是我的个人观点，你可以不同意。 perfect完美的 The weather today is perfect for a picnic.（今天的天气很适合野餐。） proud自豪的 He is proud of his son’s achievements.（他为儿子的成就感到自豪。） patient 有耐心的 The teacher is patient with slow students.（老师对学习慢的学生很有耐心。） popular 受欢迎的 Smartphones are popular among young people.（智能手机在年轻人中很受欢迎。） possible可能的 Is it possible to finish the work today?（今天有可能完成工作吗？） proper适当的 Wear proper clothes when you go to a party.（参加派对时穿合适的衣服。） pretty漂亮的 The pretty girl wears a red dress.（那个漂亮的女孩穿着红裙子。） pleased高兴的 I’m pleased with my exam results.（我对考试成绩很满意。） pleasant令人愉快的 We had a pleasant time in the countryside.（我们在乡下度过了愉快的时光。） quiet 安静的 Please keep quiet in the library.（在图书馆请保持安静。） quite相当的 The movie was quite interesting.（这部电影相当有趣。） rapid 迅速的 Rapid population growth is a big problem.（人口快速增长是个大问题。） sleepy 困乏的 I feel sleepy because I stayed up late.（我熬夜了，觉得很困。） relaxed松懈懈的 Listening to music makes me feel relaxed.（听音乐让我感到放松。） relaxing令人轻松的 A warm bath is relaxing after a long day.（劳累一天后，热水澡很放松。） similar 相似的 Their hobbies are similar—both like reading.（他们的爱好相似，都喜欢阅读。） simple简单的 The instructions are simple—just follow the steps.（指示很简单，按步骤做就行。） silent 沉默的 The classroom was silent when the teacher came in.（老师进来时，教室一片寂静。） smart 聪明的 The smart boy can solve the puzzle quickly.（这个聪明的男孩能快速解出谜题。） smooth顺利的 The smooth surface of the table is easy to clean.（桌子光滑的表面容易清洁。） snowy 下雪的 It’s snowy today—let’s make a snowman.（今天下雪，我们堆雪人吧。） social 社会的 Social media is popular among teenagers.（社交媒体在青少年中很流行。） soft 柔软的 The blanket feels soft and warm.（这条毯子摸起来柔软又温暖。） strict 严格的 My parents are strict about my study.（我父母对我的学习要求严格。） strange 陌生的 I saw a strange man outside the house.（我在房子外面看到一个陌生人。） surprising令人惊讶的 The surprising news made everyone shout.这个令人惊讶的消息让大家都叫了起来。 surprised 感到惊奇的 I was surprised to see him at the party.（在派对上见到他，我很惊讶。） successful 成功的 She is a successful writer—her books sell well.（她是位成功的作家，书很畅销。） sudden 突然的 A sudden rain stopped us from playing outside.（一场突如其来的雨阻止了我们在外面玩。） sure 肯定的 I’m sure that he will come to the party.（我确定他会来参加派对。） tall高的 The tall building is the new library.（那栋高楼是新图书馆。） terrible 可怕的 I had a terrible dream last night.（我昨晚做了个可怕的梦。） thick厚的 The thick book has more than 500 pages.（这本厚厚的书有 500 多页。） thin 薄的 The ice on the lake is too thin to walk on.（湖面上的冰太薄，不能走。） tired累的 I’m tired after a long day at work.（工作一天后我累了。） true真实的 Is the story true or just a joke?（这个故事是真的还是只是个玩笑？） weak 脆弱的 She feels weak because she didn’t eat breakfast.（她没吃早餐，觉得虚弱。） unexpected意外的 An unexpected guest visited us yesterday.（昨天有位不速之客拜访了我们。） well-known众所周知的 He is a well-known singer in this city.（他是这个城市的知名歌手。） underlined划线的 Please read the underlined sentences carefully.（请仔细阅读划线的句子。） western 西方的 Western food is different from Chinese food.（西餐和中餐不同。） whole 整个的 I spent the whole day cleaning the house.（我花了一整天打扫房子。） wide 宽的 The river is too wide to swim across.（这条河太宽了，游不过去。） wet 湿的 My clothes are wet because of the rain.（我的衣服被雨淋湿了。） worth值得 The movie is worth watching—very moving.（这部电影值得一看，很感人。） wise 聪明的 The wise old man gave us good advice.（那位睿智的老人给了我们很好的建议。） wonderful 了不起的 We had a wonderful time at the party.（我们在派对上度过了美好的时光。） 【即时训练】 一、选择题 1.The old man lived ______ in the village, but he never felt ______. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alive; lonely D. alone; alive 答案：A 解析：alone（独自地）强调客观状态，lonely（孤独的）侧重主观感受。句意为 “老人独自生活但不感到孤独”，故选 A。 2.The movie was so ______ that all of us felt ______. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited 答案：A 解析：-ing 形容词（exciting）修饰事物，-ed 形容词（excited）修饰人。句中 “电影令人兴奋，我们感到兴奋”，故选 A。 3.It’s ______ to finish the work in such a short time. A.possible B. impossible C. probable D. comfortable 答案：B 解析：impossible（不可能的）符合 “短时间内完成工作” 的语境，possible（可能的）、probable（可能的）、comfortable（舒适的）不符合，故选 B。 4.She is ______ solving math problems—she always gets high scores. A. able to B. good at C. afraid of D. proud of 答案：B 解析：be good at doing sth.（擅长做某事），后接动名词；able to 后接动词原形，afraid of（害怕）、proud of（自豪）不符合语境，故选 B。 5.The city is famous ______ its beautiful beaches and clear water. A. for B. as C. to D. with 答案：A 解析：be famous for（因… 闻名），be famous as（作为… 闻名），句中 “因海滩闻名” 用 for，故选 A。 6.The ______ water in the glass is too hot to drink. A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. boils 答案：A 解析：boiling water（正在沸腾的水），boiled water（烧开过的水），句中 “太烫” 指正在沸腾，用 boiling，故选 A。 7.He is ______ because he didn’t eat anything today. A. hungry B. thirsty C. tired D. sleepy 答案：A 解析：hungry（饥饿的）与 “没吃东西” 对应，thirsty（口渴的）、tired（累的）、sleepy（困的）不符合，故选 A。 8.She has a ______ cat with ______ eyes. A. little; big blue B. little; blue big C. big; little blue D. blue; big little 答案：A 解析：形容词排序：大小（little）+ 颜色（blue），即 little big blue eyes，故选 A。 9.The ______ boy can play the piano very well. A. clever B. smart C. wise D. knowledgeable 答案：A 解析：clever（聪明的）侧重学习能力，smart（机灵的）、wise（明智的，多指经验）、knowledgeable（博学的）中，clever 最符合 “弹钢琴” 的语境。 10.She was ______ when she saw the ______ snake. A. frightened; frightening B. frightening; frightened C. frightened; frightened D. frightening; frightening 答案：A 解析：frightened（感到害怕的）修饰人，frightening（令人害怕的）修饰物，故选 A。 二、改错题 11.The little boy is too young to look after him.（改错） 答案：him → himself 解析：look after oneself（照顾自己），用反身代词 himself。 12.The room is enough big for five people.（改错） 答案：enough big → big enough 解析：enough 作副词修饰形容词时需后置，即 big enough。 13.The asleep boy didn’t hear the doorbell.（改错） 答案：asleep boy → boy asleep 解析：asleep（睡着的）作表语，修饰名词时需后置，即 the boy asleep。 14.She is a friendly to everyone in the class.（改错） 答案：去掉 a 解析：friendly（友好的）为形容词，直接作表语，无需冠词 a。 三、填空题 15.It’s ______ (danger) to swim in the river alone. 答案：dangerous 解析：danger（名词）变形容词 dangerous（危险的），作表语。 16.The ______ (late) news says the storm will come tomorrow. 答案：latest 解析：latest（最新的），late（晚的）的最高级形式，符合 “最新消息” 的语境。 四、翻译题 17.翻译：这件外套很便宜，但质量很好。 答案：This coat is cheap, but it has good quality. 解析：cheap（便宜的）修饰物品价格，quality（质量）用 good 修饰。 18.翻译：他对自己的成就感到自豪。 答案：He is proud of his achievements. 解析：be proud of（为… 自豪）为固定搭配。 三、高频副词 单词及含义 例句 ahead 向前面，在前面 Walk ahead, and you’ll see the bus stop.（往前走，你会看到公交站。） anymore 再也(不);不(再) anymore：He doesn’t live here anymore.（他不再住这里了。） besides 而且:此外 I don’t like coffee. Besides, it’s too expensive.（我不喜欢咖啡，而且它太贵了。） actually 事实上 I thought he was wrong, but actually he was right.（我以为他错了，但事实上他是对的。） clearly 清楚地;清晰地;明白地 Speak clearly so that everyone can understand.（清楚地说话，这样大家都能听懂。） cheaply 便宜地 You can buy clothes cheaply in this store.（在这家店你能便宜地买到衣服。） completely 彻底地;完全地 I completely forgot about the meeting.（我完全忘了那个会议。） comfortably 舒服地;舒适地 She sleeps comfortably in the big bed.（她在大床上睡得很舒服。） carefully 细致地;小心地 Read the question carefully before answering.（回答前仔细阅读问题。） badly 严重地;差;非常 The car was badly damaged in the accident.（这辆车在事故中严重受损。） differently 不同地 Boys and girls often think differently.（男孩和女孩常常想法不同。） forever 永远 I will love my family forever.（我会永远爱我的家人。） easily 容易地 The math problem is easily solved.（这道数学题很容易解决。） heavily 在很大程度上 It’s raining heavily—don’t go out.（雨下得很大，别出去。） gradually 逐步地;渐进地 The weather gradually gets warmer in spring.（春天天气逐渐变暖。） beautifully 美好地;漂亮 She sings beautifully like a bird.（她唱歌像鸟儿一样动听。） lastly 最后 Lastly, let’s thank everyone for coming.（最后，让我们感谢大家的到来。） loudly 喧闹地;大声地 Don’t speak loudly in the library.（不要在图书馆大声说话。） lately 最近;不久前 Lately, she has been busy with exams.（最近，她一直忙于考试。） mostly 主要地 The class is mostly made up of Chinese students.（这个班级主要由中国学生组成。） truly 真正;确实 I truly believe he is an honest person.（我确实相信他是个诚实的人。） seriously 严重地;严肃地; We need to take this problem seriously.（我们需要严肃对待这个问题。） nowadays 现今;目前 Nowadays, many people use smartphones every day.（如今，很多人每天都用智能手机。） suddenly 突然;忽然 Suddenly, the lights went out.（突然，灯灭了。） quietly 安静地;轻柔地 The baby is sleeping quietly in the room.（宝宝在房间里安静地睡觉。） widely 广泛地;普遍地 English is widely spoken around the world.（英语在世界范围内被广泛使用。） quickly 很快地 He runs quickly and wins the race.（他跑得很快，赢了比赛。） wisely 明智地;聪明地 Spend your money wisely—don’t waste it.（明智地花钱，别浪费。） normally 通常;正常情况下 Normally, she gets up at 7 o’clock.（通常情况下，她 7 点起床。） 【即时训练】 一、选择题 1.She walked ______ and found a beautiful garden. A. ahead B. anymore C. besides D. actually 答案：A 解析：ahead（向前）符合 “走路发现花园” 的语境；anymore（不再）、besides（此外）、actually（事实上）均不匹配，故选 A。 2.He doesn’t live here ______ ——he moved to another city. A. ahead B. anymore C. besides D. clearly 答案：B 解析：not...anymore（不再）为固定搭配，表示 “他不再住这里”，故选 B。 3.The teacher explained the question ______. A. clearly B. cheaply C. comfortably D. badly 答案：A 解析：clearly（清楚地）符合 “解释问题” 的语境；cheaply（便宜地）、comfortably（舒适地）、badly（糟糕地）不符合，故选 A。 4.It’s raining ______ ——we can’t go out. A. Heavily B. easily C. gradually D. quietly 答案：A 解析：rain heavily（雨下得大）为固定搭配，easily（容易地）、gradually（逐渐地）、quietly（安静地）不符合，故选 A。 5.______, she is a kind and helpful person. A. Actually B. Besides C. Anymore D. Ahead 答案：A 解析：actually（事实上）用于强调真实情况，besides（此外）、anymore（不再）、ahead（向前）不符合，故选 A。 6.The singer performed ______ and won the competition. A. beautifully B. badly C. cheaply D. quietly 答案：A 解析：beautifully（出色地）与 “赢得比赛” 对应，badly（糟糕地）、cheaply（便宜地）、quietly（安静地）不符合，故选 A。 7.______, people use smartphones to pay for everything. A. Nowadays B. Forever C. Lately D. Lastly 答案：A 解析：nowadays（现今）描述普遍现象，forever（永远）、lately（最近）、lastly（最后）不符合，故选 A。 8.The old man walks ______ because of his illness. A. slowly B. quickly C. easily D. comfortably 答案：A 解析：slowly（缓慢地）与 “生病” 的语境对应，quickly（快速地）、easily（容易地）、comfortably（舒适地）不符合，故选 A。 9.The company is ______ owned by local people. A. mostly B. truly C. suddenly D. wisely 答案：A 解析：mostly（主要地）表示 “公司主要由当地人所有”，truly（确实）、suddenly（突然）、wisely（明智地）不符合，故选 A。 10.She has been busy ______ with her exams. A. lately B. lastly C. forever D. normally 答案：A 解析：lately（最近）与完成时连用，lastly（最后）、forever（永远）、normally（通常）不符合，故选 A。 11.He ______ finished the difficult task. A. easily B. easy C. easier D. easiest 答案：A 解析：easily（容易地）为副词修饰动词 finished，easy（形容词）、easier/easiest（比较级 / 最高级）不符合，故选 A。 12.English is ______ used in international communication. A. widely B. wisely C. heavily D. badly 答案：A 解析：widely used（广泛使用）为固定搭配，wisely（明智地）、heavily（大量地）、badly（糟糕地）不符合，故选 A。 二、翻译题 13.翻译：他最近学习很努力。 答案：He has studied hard lately. 解析：lately（最近）与完成时连用，hard（努力地）修饰动词 studied。 14.翻译：此外，我们还需要准备食物和水。 答案：Besides, we need to prepare food and water. 解析：besides（此外）用于补充说明，后接完整句子。 三、改错题 15.The problem is completely clear for everyone.（改错） 答案：completely clear → clear completely 解析：completely（完全地）修饰形容词 clear 时需后置，即 clear completely。 16.He speaks loudly than his brother.（改错） 答案：loudly than → more loudly than 解析：than 提示比较级，loudly 的比较级为 more loudly。 17.He is normally late for school, but today he arrived early.（改错） 答案：normally → normally 解析：原句正确。normally（通常）表示 “他通常迟到，但今天早到”，无需修改。 18. She sings beautiful at the concert.（改错） 答案：beautiful → beautifully 解析：修饰动词 sings 用副词 beautifully，形容词 beautiful 需改为副词形式。 四、高频名词 单词及含义 例句 advice建议 She gave me good advice on learning English.（她给了我学习英语的好建议。） activity 活动 We have many school activities every month.（我们每月有很多学校活动。） address 地址 Please write your home address on the form.（请在表格上写下你的家庭地址。） attention注意 Pay attention to the teacher in class.（上课注意听老师讲。） business商业 My father is busy with his business.（我父亲忙于他的生意。） accident事故 A car accident happened on the road yesterday.（昨天路上发生了一场车祸。） capital首都 Beijing is the capital of China.（北京是中国的首都。） cancer癌症 Smoking can cause cancer.（吸烟可能导致癌症。） century世纪 The story happened in the 19th century.（这个故事发生在 19 世纪。） chance机会 I had a chance to visit the Great Wall.（我有机会参观了长城。） choice选择 You have to make a choice between study and play.（你得在学习和玩耍之间做选择。） collection 收集 He has a collection of old coins.（他收藏了很多古钱币。） college大学 She will go to college next year.（她明年要上大学了。） communication 交流 We use WeChat for daily communication.（我们用微信进行日常交流。） competition 比赛 He won the singing competition last week.（他上周赢了歌唱比赛。） contest比赛 Are you joining the English speaking contest?（你要参加英语演讲比赛吗？） conversation对话 They had a short conversation about the plan.（他们就计划进行了简短的对话。） country国家 I want to visit different countries in the future.（未来我想参观不同的国家。） countryside乡村 We often go to the countryside on weekends.（我们周末常去乡下。） custom风俗 Eating dumplings is a Chinese custom during the Spring Festival.（春节吃饺子是中国的习俗。） courage勇气 It takes courage to speak in front of others.（在众人面前讲话需要勇气。） culture 文化 Chinese culture is rich and colorful.（中国文化丰富多彩。） death 死亡 The death of the old man made everyone sad.（老人的去世让大家都很伤心。） decision决定 His decision to study abroad surprised us.（他出国留学的决定让我们很惊讶。） development发展 The development of technology makes life easier.（科技发展让生活更便捷。） difference差异 Can you find the difference between the two pictures?（你能找出两张图片的不同吗？） danger危险 Swimming alone in the river is a danger.（独自在河里游泳很危险。） discussion 讨论 We had a long discussion about the project.（我们对这个项目进行了长时间的讨论。） disease疾病 Exercise can help prevent many diseases.（锻炼能帮助预防很多疾病。） energy 能量 Eating breakfast gives you energy for the day.（吃早餐给你一天的能量。） exercise 练习 Doing morning exercises is good for health.（做早操对健康有益。） experience 经历，经验 Traveling gives you different life experiences.（旅行给你不同的生活经历。） feeling感觉 She had a strange feeling about the old house.（她对老房子有种奇怪的感觉。） foreigner外国人 The foreigner can speak Chinese very well.（这个外国人中文说得很好。） future 未来 I hope to be a doctor in the future.（我希望未来成为一名医生。） fun玩笑，乐趣 We had a lot of fun at the party.（我们在派对上玩得很开心。） habit 习惯 Reading before sleeping is a good habit.（睡前阅读是个好习惯。） health 健康 Eating vegetables is important for your health.（吃蔬菜对健康很重要。） half一半 Half of the students in the class are girls.（班里一半学生是女生。） help帮助 Thanks for your help with my homework.（谢谢你帮我做作业。） excuse借口 Don’t make excuses for being late.（别为迟到找借口。） friendship 友谊 True friendship lasts forever.（真正的友谊天长地久。） history 历史 We learn about Chinese history in school.（我们在学校学习中国历史。） human 人类 Humans should protect the environment.（人类应该保护环境。） housework家务劳动 I often help my mom with housework.（我常帮妈妈做家务。） hunger 饥饿 Many people suffer from hunger in poor countries.（贫困国家很多人遭受饥饿。） holiday假日 Where will you go for the summer holiday?（暑假你要去哪里？） importance 重要 The importance of learning English is clear.（学习英语的重要性很明显。） information信息 You can find useful information on the Internet.（你可以在网上找到有用的信息。） hurry 匆忙 In his hurry, he forgot to bring his keys.（匆忙中，他忘了带钥匙。） instruction 命令 Follow the instructions when using the machine.（使用机器时请遵循操作说明。） invitation 邀请 She received an invitation to the wedding.（她收到了婚礼的邀请。） journey旅行,旅程 The journey from Beijing to Shanghai takes about 5 hours by high-speed rail.（北京到上海的高铁旅程约 5 小时。） knowledge知识 Reading books can increase your knowledge.（读书能增长你的知识。） lesson 教训 The accident taught him a lesson about safety.（这次事故给了他一次安全方面的教训） library图书馆 I often study in the school library.（我常在学校图书馆学习。） magazine杂志 She likes reading fashion magazines.（她喜欢读时尚杂志。） message 信息 Please leave a message if I’m not at home.（如果我不在家，请留言。） memory记忆 Childhood memories are always happy.（童年的记忆总是快乐的。） museum博物馆 We visited a history museum last weekend.（上周末我们参观了历史博物馆。） nature 自然 We should live in harmony with nature.（我们应与自然和谐共处。） notice注意 There’s a notice about the exam on the board.（黑板上有一则关于考试的通知。） opportunity机会 Don’t miss the opportunity to study abroad.（别错过出国留学的机会。） period 时代 The Tang Dynasty was a golden period in Chinese history.（唐朝是中国历史上的黄金时期。） pity 遗憾 What a pity that you can’t come to the party.（你不能来参加派对，真遗憾。） reason 原因 Tell me the reason why you were late.（告诉我你迟到的原因。） risk 风险 Driving fast increases the risk of accidents.（开快车会增加事故风险。） season时期 Autumn is my favorite season.（秋天是我最喜欢的季节。） spirit 精神 The team showed great fighting spirit in the match.（这支队伍在比赛中展现了顽强的战斗精神。） success成功 Success comes from hard work.（成功来自努力。） rest休息 Take a rest if you feel tired.（如果累了就休息一下。） rule规则 Follow the rules when playing the game.（玩游戏时要遵守规则。） secret 秘密 She kept the secret from everyone.（她对所有人都保守这个秘密。） speech 演讲 The president gave a speech on TV.（总统在电视上发表了演讲。） taste 味道 I don’t like the taste of coffee.（我不喜欢咖啡的味道。） meaning意义 What’s the meaning of this word?（这个单词是什么意思？） note 笔记, Take notes while listening to the teacher.（听课时要做笔记。） patience 耐心 Teaching children requires a lot of patience.（教孩子需要很大的耐心。） pleasure高兴 It’s my pleasure to help you.（帮助你是我的荣幸。） report 报道 The newspaper published a report about the accident.报纸刊登了一篇关于事故的报道。 science 科学 Science and technology change our lives.（科学技术改变我们的生活。） service 服务 The service in this restaurant is very good.（这家餐厅的服务很好。） speed 速度 The car was driving at a high speed.（这辆车在高速行驶。） truth 真相 Tell me the truth—did you break the window?（告诉我实话，窗户是你打破的吗？） weight 重量 She wants to lose weight by exercising.（她想通过锻炼减肥。） hometown 家乡 My hometown is a small and beautiful village.（我的家乡是一个美丽的小村庄。） ilness 疾病 He had to stay at home because of illness.（他因病不得不待在家里。） interest 兴趣 Her main interest is painting.（她的主要兴趣是绘画。） language语言 English is an international language.（英语是一门国际语言。） vacation 假期 We plan to go to the beach for vacation.（我们计划去海滩度假。） trip 旅行 We had a wonderful trip to the mountains.（我们去山里旅行很愉快。） visitor 参观者 The museum has many visitors every day.（这家博物馆每天有很多参观者。） method 方法 This is an effective method for learning vocabulary.（这是学习词汇的有效方法。） model模特 She wants to be a fashion model.（她想成为一名时装模特。） noise 噪音 The noise from the street woke me up.（街上的噪音把我吵醒了。） peace和平 World peace is everyone’s dream.（世界和平是每个人的梦想。） problem 问题 How to solve this problem is a big headache.（如何解决这个问题很让人头疼。） research研究 Scientists do research to find a cure for the disease.（科学家进行研究以寻找治疗这种疾病的方法。） scientist 科学家 Einstein was a great scientist.（爱因斯坦是一位伟大的科学家。） silence 沉默 There was a long silence in the classroom.（教室里长时间一片寂静。） style风格 Her writing style is very unique.（她的写作风格很独特。） 【即时训练】 一、选择题 1.She gave me some useful ______ on how to learn English. A. advice B. advices C. suggestion D. suggestion 答案：A 解析：advice 为不可数名词，无复数形式；suggestion 为可数名词，正确形式应为 some suggestions。故选 A。 2.The ______ of the accident was carelessness. A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. result 答案：C 解析：cause（原因）侧重直接导致某事的因素，reason（理由）侧重逻辑推理，excuse（借口），result（结果）。“事故的原因” 用 cause，故选 C。 3.We had a 热烈的______ about the best way to solve the problem. A. discussion B. decision C. competition D. conversation 答案：A 解析：have a discussion（进行讨论）为固定搭配，decision（决定）、competition（比赛）、conversation（对话）不符合语境，故选 A。 4.She has a large ______ of stamps from different countries. A. collection B. choice C. chance D. culture 答案：A 解析：a collection of（一批收藏品）为固定短语，choice（选择）、chance（机会）、culture（文化）不符合，故选 A。 5.The ______ of the city is about 10 million. A. population B. people C. number D. person 答案：A 解析：population（人口）为集合名词，描述城市人口用 population；people（人们）、number（数字）、person（个人）不符合，故选 A。 6.I need to get some ______ about the project. A. information B. message C. news D. fact 答案：A 解析：information（信息）为不可数名词，some 后可接；message（消息，可数）、news（新闻，不可数但语境不符）、fact（事实，可数），故选 A。 7.Can you give me a piece of ______? I’m confused. A. advice B. advices C. suggestion D. suggestions 答案：A 解析：a piece of advice（一条建议）为固定搭配，advice 不可数，suggestion 为可数名词，用 a suggestion，故选 A。 8.This is ______ room—they share it. A. Tom and Jerry’s B. Tom’s and Jerry’s C. Tom and Jerry D. Tom’s and Jerry 答案：A 解析：两人共有的房间用 Tom and Jerry’s（汤姆和杰瑞的），各自的房间用 Tom’s and Jerry’s，故选 A。 9.She missed the ______ to study abroad because of illness. A. chance B. choice C. competition D. contest 答案：A 解析：miss the chance（错过机会）为固定搭配，choice（选择）、competition/contest（比赛）不符合，故选 A。 10.The ______ of the city is becoming more and more polluted. A. air B. water C. noise D. population 答案：A 解析：air pollution（空气污染）为常见表达，water（水）、noise（噪音）、population（人口）不符合，故选 A。 二、翻译题 11.翻译：健康比财富更重要。 答案：Health is more important than wealth. 解析：health（健康）、wealth（财富）均为不可数名词，用比较级结构。 12.翻译：他的演讲给观众留下了深刻印象。 答案：His speech left a deep impression on the audience. 解析：speech（演讲）、audience（观众）为高频名词，leave an impression on 为固定搭配。 三、改错题 13.We had a wonderful journey during the summer vocation.（改错） 答案：vocation → vacation 解析：vacation（假期），vocation（职业），此处应为 summer vacation（暑假）。 14.The library has a large number of magazine.（改错） 答案：magazine → magazines 解析：a large number of 后接可数名词复数 magazines。 15.There are many beautiful photo in the magazine.（改错） 答案：photo → photos 解析：photo 为可数名词，many 后接复数形式 photos。 16.The doctor gave him some advices on health.（改错） 答案：advices → advice 解析：advice 为不可数名词，不能加 s。 四、填空题 17.The ______ (decide) to study abroad changed her life. 答案：decision 解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，decide（动词）变名词 decision（决定）。 18.The ______ (true) is that he never liked the plan. 答案：truth 解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，true（形容词）变名词 truth（真相）。 【知识点清单二】短语动词 一、基础高频动词 动词 短语 例句 Make做 / 制造 / 使 make up：编造；组成 She made up a story. make out：理解；辨认 I can’t make out his handwriting. make sure：确保 Make sure the door is locked. make sense：有意义 This sentence doesn’t make sense. make up for：弥补 I’ll make up for the lost time. Do做 / 完成 do with：处理 What did you do with the letter? do without：没有… 也行 We can do without luxury. do one’s best：尽力 He did his best to help. do harm：有害 Smoking does harm to health. Do sb a favor 帮某人一个忙 Can you do me a favor and pass the salt? Get获得 / 变得 / 到达 get up：起床 I get up at 7 am. get along：相处；进展 They get along well. get over：克服；恢复 She got over the illness. get used to：习惯于 I got used to the new job. get rid of：摆脱 Get rid of the old books. get on/off ：上车/下车 Remember to get off at the next stop. Have有 / 经历 have on：穿着 She has a red coat on. have to：不得不 I have to finish the work. have in mind：考虑；打算 What do you have in mind? have a look：看一看 Let me have a look. have fun：玩得开心 We had fun at the party. Have a meeting 开会 We have a weekly meeting every Monday morning. Have a good time 玩的很高兴 We had a good time hiking in the mountains.” Go去 / 进行 go on：继续；发生 Go on with your story. go out：外出；熄灭 The fire went out. go over：复习；检查 Go over the notes before exam. go through：经历；浏览 He went through a hard time. go up：上升；上涨 Prices are going up. Agree同意 agree with同意某人 / 观点 I agree with you. agree to同意计划 / 建议 He agreed to our proposal. agree on在...意见一致 We all agree on the importance of education. 二、场景高频动词 动词 短语 例句 Come来 / 出现 come in：进来 Come in, please.请进。 come up：走近；发生 A problem came up.出现了一个问题。 come up with：想出 She came up with a good idea.她想出了一个好主意。 come across：偶遇 I came across an old friend.我偶遇了一位老朋友。 come back：回来；恢复 He came back from abroad.他从国外回来了。 come on鼓励 / 催促 Come on, you can finish the race!加油，你能跑完这场比赛！ Take拿 / 花费 / 乘坐 take off：起飞；脱下 The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。 take over：接管 He took over the company.他接管了这家公司。 take part in：参加 Take part in the discussion.参加讨论。 take care of：照顾 Take care of your health.保重身体。 take place：发生 The event took place yesterday.事件发生在昨天。 take away 带走；减去；使消失 Please take away the empty plates.请把空盘子拿走。 take on 承担；呈现；雇佣 She took on a new challenge.她承担了一项新的挑战。 take up 占据；开始；继续 The desk takes up too much space.这张桌子太占地方了。 Bring带来 / 导致 bring up：抚养；提出 She was brought up in London.她在伦敦长大。 bring about：引起 Technology brings about changes.科技带来变革。 bring back：带回；使回忆 Bring back the book tomorrow.明天把书还回来。 bring in：引入；赚得 The project brings in profits.这个项目带来了利润。 consist 由… 组成 consist in在于 Success consists in hard work.成功在于努力。 consist of由… 组成 The team consists of 12 members.这个团队由 12 名成员组成。 Put放置 / 表达 put on：穿上；上演 Put on your coat.穿上你的外套。 put off：推迟 Don’t put off the work.别拖延工作。 put away：收起 Put away your toys.把你的玩具收拾好。 put forward：提出 He put forward a plan.他提出了一个计划。 put aside：储蓄；搁置 Put aside some money.存一些钱。 put up 建立，搭起 We put up tents before the sun set.我们在日落前搭好了帐篷。 put into 放入，翻译 She put the letter into the envelope.她把信放进了信封。 break打破、折断 break down（机器）故障；（身体）垮掉；分解 The car broke down on the highway.汽车在高速公路上抛锚了。 break up （关系）破裂；解散；拆分 They broke up after a year of dating.他们约会一年后分手了。 break into闯入；突然开始（笑 / 哭） Thieves broke into the house at night.小偷夜里闯入了房子。 break off 中断（谈话 / 关系）； She broke off the conversation and left.她中断谈话后离开了。 break in闯入，打断（谈话 / 活动 Don’t break in when others are speaking.别人说话时别插嘴。 break out 爆发（战争 / 疾病） A fire broke out in the warehouse.仓库里发生了火灾。 Set设置 / 放置 set up：建立；设立 Set up a new company.成立一家新公司。 set off：出发；引爆 Set off early in the morning.清晨出发。 set aside：留出；不顾 Set aside time for exercise.留出时间锻炼。 set out：出发；打算 Set out to achieve goals.着手实现目标。 Turn （使）转动、旋转， 转向、转变、翻转 turn on 打开（电器 / 设备） Turn on the light, please.请开灯。 turn off 关闭（电器 / 设备） Don’t forget to turn off the TV.别忘了关电视。 turn up 出现；调大（音量） She turned up at the party unexpectedly.她意外地出现在聚会上。 turn down拒绝；调小（音量） He turned down the job offer.他拒绝了这份工作邀请。 turn into 变成 Her hobby turned into a successful business.她的爱好变成了一项成功的事业。 turn around转身；（使）好转 The company turned around.这家公司扭亏为盈了。 turn over 翻转；移交；翻找 Turn over the paper.把纸翻过来。 Pick 挑选、选择，采摘 pick up捡起；（开车）接人；学会；好转（如天气、身体）。 I’ll pick you up at the station. 我会去车站接你。 pick out 挑选出；辨认出。 Can you pick out your friend in the photo?你能在照片中认出你的朋友吗？ pick on 挑剔；欺负。 Don’t pick on him—he’s doing his best.别挑剔他了，他已经在尽力了。 三、感官与动作高频动词 动词 短语 例句 Look看 / 看起来 look for：寻找 Look for the keys.寻找钥匙。 look after：照顾 Look after the children.照顾孩子们。 look up：查阅；仰望 Look up the word in a dictionary.在字典里查这个单词。 look up to 敬仰；钦佩 She looks up to her mother.她尊敬自己的母亲。（look up to 意为 “敬仰；崇拜”） look down upon看不起 Don’t look down upon manual work.不要轻视体力劳动。（look down upon 意为 “看不起；轻视”） look through浏览 He looked through the contract carefully.他仔细浏览了合同。 look into：调查 Look into the matter.调查这件事。 look forward to：期待 I look forward to your reply.期待您的回复。 See看见 / 理解 see off：送别 See off the guests.送别客人。 see through：看穿；完成 See through the plan.识破这个计划。 see to：处理；照料 See to the problem.处理这个问题。 Hear听见 / 听说 hear from：收到… 来信 Hear from you soon.期待很快收到你的来信。 hear about/of：听说 I heard about the news.我听说了这个消息。 hear out：听完 Hear me out, please.请听我说完。 Give给 / 提供 give up：放弃 Don’t give up.不要放弃。 give away：赠送；泄露 Give away old clothes.捐赠旧衣服。 give in：屈服 He gave in to pressure.他向压力屈服了。 give out：分发；用尽 Give out the papers.分发试卷。 give off 释放；散发（气味、热量、光等） The candle gives off a soft light.蜡烛发出柔和的光。 四、其他高频动词 动词 短语 例句 Keep保持 / 保留 keep up(with)：保持；跟上 Keep up the good work.继续保持优异表现。/ 再接再厉。 keep on：继续 Keep on trying.坚持尝试。/ 继续努力。 keep away：远离 Keep away from danger.远离危险。 keep in mind：记住 Keep in mind the rules.牢记这些规则。 keep the secret to oneself 保守秘密；不告诉他人 She kept the secret to herself for years. 她将这个秘密藏在心里多年。 Find找到 / 发现 find out：查明 Find out the truth.查明真相。 find fault with：挑剔 Don’t find fault with others.不要苛责他人。/ 别对别人吹毛求疵。 Think思考 / 认为 think about：考虑 Think about the plan.思考这个计划。 think over：仔细考虑 Think over before deciding.做决定前仔细斟酌。 think of：想起；认为 Think of a good idea.想出一个好主意。 think out设计出；想出 He thought out a clever way to solve the problem. 他想出了一个聪明的办法来解决这个问题。 Feel感觉 / 认为 feel like：想要 I feel like eating pizza.我想吃披萨。 feel for：同情；摸索 Feel for the poor.同情穷人。 Call呼叫 / 称呼 call on：拜访；号召 Call on me tomorrow.明天来看我。 call off：取消 Call off the meeting.取消会议。 call up：打电话；回忆 Call up your friend.给你朋友打电话。 Stand站立；忍受 stand by：支持；袖手旁观 I’ll always stand by you during tough times.我会在困难时期一直支持你。 stand for：代表；象征 What does this logo stand for?这个标志代表什么？ stand out：突出；显眼 Her bright red coat stood out in the crowd.她的亮红色外套在人群中很显眼。 Lie躺；说谎 lie down：躺下 You should lie down if you feel dizzy.如果你头晕，应该躺下。 lie to sb.：对某人撒谎 He lied to me about his past experience.他对我隐瞒了过去的经历。 lie in：在于；位于 The solution lies in better communication.解决方案在于更好的沟通。 Wait等待 wait for：等待 I’ve been waiting for the bus for 20 minutes.我等公交车已经 20 分钟了。 wait on：伺候；服侍 She felt like she was being waited on hand and foot.她觉得自己被无微不至地伺候着。 Rest休息；搁置 rest on：依靠；取决于 Success rests on hard work and patience.成功取决于努力和耐心。 rest up：充分休息 You need to rest up after the surgery.手术后你需要充分休息。 Strike打击；罢工；突然想到 strike a deal：达成协议 They struck a deal to share the profits.他们达成了分享利润的协议。 strike out：失败；独立闯新路 He decided to strike out on his own as an entrepreneur.他决定独自创业。 Stick粘贴；坚持 stick to：坚持；遵守 Stick to your goals, and you’ll succeed.坚持你的目标，你会成功的。 stick out：突出；坚持到底 His ears stick out, making him easy to recognize.他的耳朵突出，很容易认出来。 stick with：继续做；忠于 Stick with me, and I’ll show you the way.跟着我，我会给你带路。 Flow流动；传播 flow into：流入；涌入 Money flowed into the company after the investment.投资后资金涌入公司。 flow from：由… 产生；源于 Problems often flow from poor planning.问题通常源于规划不善。 go with the flow：随波逐流；顺应潮流 Sometimes it’s better to go with the flow.有时随遇而安更好。 Slide滑动；下滑 slide into：滑入；逐渐陷入 He slid into a bad habit of procrastination.他逐渐养成了拖延的坏习惯。 let sth. slide：对… 放任不管 Don’t let your studies slide during the vacation.假期不要放任学习。 slide by：悄悄过去；溜走 Time slides by when you’re having fun.开心的时候时间过得飞快。 Focus集中；聚焦 focus on：集中于；关注 We need to focus on solving the main problem.我们需要专注解决主要问题。 focus sth. on sth.：把… 集中到… 上 She focused all her energy on the project.她把所有精力都投入到项目中。 Split分裂；分开 split up：分手；分裂 They split up after a long argument.激烈争吵后他们分手了。 split into：分成；分割成 The class was split into small groups.班级被分成了小组。 split the bill：分摊账单 Let’s split the bill equally.我们平摊账单吧。 Handle处理；应付 handle with care：小心处理 This package should be handled with care.这个包裹需要小心搬运。 handle sth. well：妥善处理某事 She handled the crisis with great professionalism.她以高度的专业性处理了危机。 can’t handle sth.：无法承受某事 He can’t handle the pressure of the job.他无法承受工作的压力。 Risk冒险；冒… 风险 risk doing sth.：冒险做某事 They risked losing everything to start the business.他们冒险失去一切去创业。 at risk：处于危险中 Children’s education is at risk due to the crisis.危机导致儿童教育面临风险。 take a risk：冒险 Taking a risk sometimes leads to great rewards.冒险有时会带来丰厚回报。 Grow生长；增长 grow up：长大；成熟 She grew up in a small town.她在一个小镇长大。 grow into：成长为；适应 He grew into a responsible adult.他成长为一个负责任的成年人。 grow apart：逐渐疏远 Friends often grow apart after moving away.搬家后朋友常常会逐渐疏远。 Balance平衡；权衡 balance sth. with sth.：用… 平衡… She balances work with family life她平衡工作与家庭生活。 keep/lose balance：保持 / 失去平衡 Yoga helps me keep balance in mind and body.瑜伽帮助我保持身心平衡。 on balance：总的来说 On balance, the benefits outweigh the costs.总的来说，收益大于成本。 Waste浪费；消耗 waste time/money on sth.：在… 上浪费时间 / 金钱 Don’t waste time on meaningless arguments.别在无意义的争论上浪费时间。 waste away：日渐消瘦；衰弱 He wasted away from lack of care.因缺乏照料，他日渐消瘦。 a waste of sth.：… 的浪费 This meeting is a waste of everyone’s time.这个会议是在浪费大家的时间。 Apply申请；应用 apply for：申请 She applied for a job at the company.她申请了公司的一份工作。 apply to：适用于；向… 申请 This rule applies to all students.这条规则适用于所有学生。 apply sth. to sth.把… 应用到 Apply theory to practice.（将理论应用于实践。） Cancel取消；废除） cancel out：抵消；中和 The advantages and disadvantages cancel each other out.利弊相互抵消。 cancel sth. (out)：取消某事 They had to cancel the trip due to bad weather.因天气恶劣，他们不得不取消旅行。 cancel a subscription：取消订阅 I decided to cancel my magazine subscription.我决定取消杂志订阅。 Mind介意；注意 mind doing sth.：介意做某事 Do you mind closing the window?你介意关上窗户吗？ never mind：没关系；别在意 Never mind—we can try again tomorrow.没关系，我们明天再试。 keep in mind：记住 Keep in mind that safety comes first.记住安全第一。 Occur发生；想到 occur to sb.：被某人想到 A good idea occurred to me yesterday.昨天我想到一个好主意。 it occurs to sb. that…：某人突然想到 It occurred to her that she had left the door unlocked.她突然想到门没锁。 occur in：发生在；存在于 Earthquakes often occur in this region.该地区常发生地震。 Measure测量；衡量 measure up to：符合；达到 His performance didn’t measure up to expectations.他的表现未达到预期。 take measures：采取措施 The government took measures to reduce pollution.政府采取措施减少污染。 in measure：适度地 Everything should be done in measure.凡事都应适度。 【即时训练】 1.Lee Kuan Yew, the founding father of Singapore, at the age of 91, early in the morning on March 23. A. passed away B. took away C. went away D.gave away 答案：A. 解析：“passed away” 意为 “去世”，符合语境 “新加坡国父李光耀在 91 岁时去世”。 B. took away（拿走）、C. went away（离开）、D. gave away（赠送；泄露）均不符合句意。 2.----What did you do on Earth Day this year ? ----We _____ a show to spread the message about protecting the environment. A.put on B.put up C.put away D. put in 答案：A. 解析：“put on a show” 为固定搭配，意为 “举办演出”，符合 “我们举办了一场秀来传播环保信息” 的语境。 B. put up（张贴；搭建）、C. put away（收拾）、D. put in（投入；插话）均不与 “show” 搭配。 3.When I got to the bus stop ,I missed the early bus and I had to _____the next one. A.give up B.keep off C.call off D. wait for 答案：D. 解析：“wait for” 表示 “等待”，“错过早班车后不得不等下一班” 符合逻辑。 A. give up（放弃）、B. keep off（避开）、C. call off（取消）均与句意不符。 4.——These waste boxes ________ too much space in the kitchen. ——I’ll sell them at once. A.take up B. put up C. take off D.take on 答案：A. 解析：“take up” 表示 “占据（空间 / 时间）”，这里指 “废物箱占据了厨房太多空间”。 B. put up（搭建；张贴）、C. take off（起飞；脱下）、D. take on（承担；呈现）均与 “空间” 无关。 5.I really need to take more exercise because I’m _____ weight. A. putting off B. putting on C. putting down D. putting away 答案：B. 解析：“put on weight” 为固定短语，意为 “增重”，与 “需要多锻炼” 的原因匹配。 A. putting off（推迟）、C. putting down（放下；镇压）、D. putting away（收拾）均与 “体重” 无关。 6.It’s getting dark. Would you please_______ the light ? A. get on B. get off C. turn on D. turn off 答案：C. 解析：“turn on” 表示 “打开（灯、电器等）”，“天黑了需要开灯” 符合语境。 get on（上车；进展）、B. get off（下车）、D. turn off（关闭）与句意相反。 7.----Dear sister, does the TV show Dad Comes Back ____our father ? ----Sure. Dad has been away for about ten years. A. let you down B. help you out C. remind you of D.help you of 答案：C. 解析：“remind sb. of sth.” 意为 “使某人想起某事”，这里指 “《爸爸回来了》这个节目是否让你想起父亲”。 let you down（让你失望）、B. help you out（帮助摆脱困境）、D. help you of（搭配错误，应为 help sb. with sth.）均不符合句意。 8.You’d better _______ the test paper before handing it in. A. go ahead B. go on C. go off D. go over 答案：D. 解析：“go over” 表示 “检查；复习”，“交卷前最好检查试卷” 符合常识。 A. go ahead（继续）、B. go on（继续；发生）、C. go off（爆炸；响起）均不符合语境。 9. Susan______ her friend’s invitation because of an important meeting. A. took down B. put down C. turned down D. wrote down 答案：C. 解析：“turn down” 意为 “拒绝（邀请、提议等）”，“因重要会议拒绝朋友的邀请” 合理。 A. took down（记下；拆除）、B. put down（放下；写下）、D. wrote down（写下）均与 “拒绝邀请” 无关。 10.We planned to meet at 10:30 at the station last Sunday, but Bob didn’t ______ until 12:00. A. turn up B. give up C. stay up D. grow up 答案： 解析：“turn up” 表示 “出现；露面”，“鲍勃直到 12 点才出现” 符合 “约定 10:30 见面但迟到” 的场景。 B. give up（放弃）、C. stay up（熬夜）、D. grow up（成长）均与 “赴约” 无关。 11.The old man decided to ______ his business to his son before he retired.​ A. take over​ B. hand over​ C. get over​ D. go over​ 答案：B​ 解析：“hand over” 意为 “移交”，符合老人在退休前把生意交给儿子的语境；“take over” 是 “接管”；“get over” 表示 “克服，恢复”；“go over” 意为 “复习，检查” 。​ 12.We need to ______ the problem carefully before we make a decision.​ A. look up​B. look intoC. look after​D. look for​ 答案：B​ 解析：“look into” 表示 “调查，研究”，在做决定前需要仔细调查问题，符合题意；“look up” 指 “查阅（资料等）”；“look after” 是 “照顾”；“look for” 意为 “寻找”。​ 13.The firemen managed to ______ the fire in the building.​ A. put out​B. put on​C. put up​D. put away​ 答案：A​ 解析：“put out” 表示 “扑灭”，消防员扑灭大楼里的火，语义相符；“put on” 有 “穿上，上演” 之意；“put up” 可表示 “张贴，搭建”；“put away” 意为 “放好，储存”。​ 14.Don't ______ the bus until it has stopped completely.​ A. get off​ B. get on​ C. get up​ D. get over​ 答案：A​ 解析：“get off” 表示 “下车”，句子意思是公交车完全停下前不要下车；“get on” 是 “上车”；“get up” 意为 “起床”；“get over” 表示 “克服，恢复”。​ 15.She always ______ her childhood memories with great pleasure.​ A. thinks over​ B. thinks about​ C. thinks of​ D. thinks up​ 答案：C​ 解析：“think of” 有 “想起，回忆起” 的意思，她愉快地回忆童年记忆，符合语境；“think over” 表示 “仔细考虑”；“think about” 是 “思考”；“think up” 意为 “想出”。​ 16.The government is trying to ______ the prices of daily necessities.​ A. bring down ​B. bring up​ C. bring out​ D. bring in​ 答案：A​ 解析：“bring down” 表示 “降低”，政府努力降低日用品价格，语义合适；“bring up” 有 “抚养，提出” 之意；“bring out” 可表示 “使显现，出版”；“bring in” 意为 “引入，赚得”。​ 17.I can't ______ my computer. There must be something wrong with it.​ A. turn on ​B. turn off​ C. turn up​ D. turn down​ 答案：A​ 解析：“turn on” 表示 “打开”，电脑打不开，说明有问题，符合题意；“turn off” 是 “关闭”；“turn up” 意为 “调大，出现”；“turn down” 表示 “调小，拒绝”。​ 18.The company plans to ______ a new product next month.​ A. put forward​ B. put aside​ C. put off​ D. put out​ 答案：A​ 解析：“put forward” 表示 “提出，推出”，公司下个月计划推出新产品，语义相符；“put aside” 有 “储存，搁置” 之意；“put off” 是 “推迟”；“put out” 前面已解释为 “扑灭”。​ 19.The meeting has been ______ until next week due to the bad weather.​ A. taken off ​B. set off​ C. put off​ D. given off​ 答案：C​ 解析：“put off” 表示 “推迟”，因为天气不好会议推迟到下周，语义正确；“taken off” 有 “起飞，脱下” 之意；“set off” 是 “出发，引发”；“given off” 意为 “发出（光、热等）”。​ 20.He ______ his fear of heights and climbed to the top of the mountain.​ A. got through​ B. got over​ C. got away ​D. got into​ 答案：B​ 解析：“got over” 表示 “克服”，克服恐高症爬上山顶，符合语境；“got through” 有 “通过，完成” 之意；“got away” 是 “逃离”；“got into” 意为 “陷入，进入”。​ 21.You should ______ your study habits if you want to improve your grades.​ A. break down​ B. break up​ C. break into​ D. break out​ 答案：A​ 解析：“break down” 有 “打破，改掉” 的意思，改掉学习习惯以提高成绩，符合语境；“break up” 表示 “分解，分手”；“break into” 意为 “闯入”；“break out” 是 “爆发”。​ 22.They ______ a lot of money for the charity last year.​ A. gave away​ B. gave up​ C. gave in​ D. gave out​ 答案：A​ 解析：“gave away” 表示 “捐赠”，去年为慈善机构捐很多钱，语义相符；“gave up” 是 “放弃”；“gave in” 意为 “屈服”；“gave out” 有 “分发，用尽” 之意。​ 23.The little boy ______ his mother's hand tightly when crossing the road.​ A. held on​ B. held up​ C. held out ​D. held onto​ 答案：D​ 解析：“held onto” 表示 “紧紧抓住”，过马路时小男孩紧紧抓住妈妈的手，符合题意；“held on” 有 “坚持，不挂断电话” 之意；“held up” 是 “举起，延误”；“held out” 意为 “伸出，提供”。​ 24.The plan ______ because of lack of money.​ A. fell off​ B. fell through​ C. fell over ​D. fell behind​ 答案：B​ 解析：“fell through” 表示 “失败，落空”，计划因缺钱落空，语义正确；“fell off” 有 “跌落，下降” 之意；“fell over” 是 “摔倒”；“fell behind” 意为 “落后”。​ 25.She ______ the light and went to bed.​ A. took off​ B. put off​ C. turned off​ D. got off​ 答案：C​ 解析：“turned off” 表示 “关闭（电器等）”，关灯睡觉，符合语境；“took off” 前面已解释；“put off” 也已解释；“got off” 前面也已解释。​ 26.The teacher asked the students to ______ their homework on time.​ A. hand in​ B. hand out​ C. hand over​ D. hand down​ 答案：A​ 解析：“hand in” 表示 “上交”，老师要求学生按时交作业，语义相符；“hand out” 是 “分发”；“hand over” 前面已解释；“hand down” 意为 “流传，传给”。​ 27.We must ______ the truth of this matter.​ A. find out​ B. look out​ C. take out​ D. put out​ 答案：A​ 解析：“find out” 表示 “查明，找出”，查明事情真相，符合题意；“look out” 有 “小心，注意” 之意；“take out” 是 “取出，拿出”；“put out” 前面已多次解释。​ 28.The plane ______ on time despite the heavy rain.​ A. took off​ B. put off​ C. turned off​ D. got off​ 答案：A​ 解析：“took off” 表示 “起飞”，尽管下大雨飞机仍按时起飞，语义相符；“put off”“turned off”“got off” 前面均已解释。 29.The doctor told him to ______ smoking for his health.​ A. give away​ B. give up ​C. give in​ D. give out​ 答案：B​ 解析：“give up” 表示 “放弃”，为了健康放弃吸烟，符合语境；“give away” 前面已解释；“give in” 也已解释；“give out” 前面也已解释。​ 30.The young man ______ his dream of becoming a famous singer.​ A. carried on​ B. carried out​ C. carried away​ D. carried off​ 答案：B​ 解析：“carried out” 表示 “实现”，实现成为著名歌手的梦想，语义正确；“carried on” 有 “继续” 之意；“carried away” 是 “使着迷，带走”；“carried off” 意为 “成功完成，夺走”。​ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版）及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中词汇知识清单的第1个专题，内容为高频词汇和短语动词。 黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习 英语词汇知识清单 专题1 高频词汇和短语动词（讲+练）【考点解读】 单词一直是英语学习的重点和难点。本文主要提供一些高频基础词汇，掌握词汇基础含义以及基本用法，对各种题型都有帮助。但复习时也要细致具体，关注基础，同时关注细节，注意拔高部分，掌握技巧，在考试中取得更好的成绩。 【知识点清单一】高频词汇 一、高频动词 单词及含义 例句 accept 接受 She will accept the gift from her friend.（她会接受朋友的礼物。） achieve 实现 He wants to achieve his dream of becoming a doctor.（他想实现成为医生的梦想。） advise 建议 My teacher advises me to study harder.（我的老师建议我更努力学习。） afford 支付得起 I can't afford this expensive book.（我买不起这本昂贵的书。） answer 回答 Please answer my question.（请回答我的问题。） appear 出现 The sun appears in the morning.（太阳在早上出现。） arrive 到达 We will arrive at the station at 8 o'clock.（我们将在 8 点到达车站。） argue争论 They often argue about small things.（他们经常为小事争吵。） beat打败 Our team beat their team in the game.（我们队在比赛中打败了他们队。） begin 开始 The class will begin in five minutes.（五分钟后开始上课。） believe相信 I believe what he said.（我相信他说的话。） break 打破 Don't break the glass.（别打破玻璃。） burn 燃烧 The fire burned the paper.（火把纸烧了。） cause 导致 His carelessness caused the accident.（他的粗心导致了事故。） celebrate庆祝 We celebrate Christmas every year.（我们每年都庆祝圣诞节。） check 检查 Please check your homework carefully.（请仔细检查你的作业。） choose 选择 You can choose your favorite color.（你可以选择你最喜欢的颜色。） collect收集 He likes to collect stamps.（他喜欢收集邮票。） communicate交流 We communicate with each other by phone.（我们通过电话互相交流。） compare 比较 Compare these two pictures and find the differences.（比较这两张图片，找出不同之处。） control 控制 He can control the speed of the car.（他能控制汽车的速度。） consider考虑 Please consider my suggestion.（请考虑我的建议。） continue 继续 Let's continue our discussion.（我们继续讨论吧。） connect 连接 Connect the computer to the internet.（把电脑连接到互联网。） cover覆盖 Cover the table with a cloth.（用一块布盖住桌子。） cross 横过 Be careful when you cross the road.（过马路时要小心。） count 数 Count the number of books on the shelf.（数一数书架上的书的数量。） create 创造 Children like to create their own stories.（孩子们喜欢创作自己的故事。） dare敢于 She doesn't dare to walk alone at night.（她不敢在晚上独自走路。） deal处理 I don't know how to deal with this problem.（我不知道如何处理这个问题。） decide 决定 They decide to go on a trip.（他们决定去旅行。） depend 依靠 Our success depends on hard work.（我们的成功取决于努力工作。） destroy 毁坏 The storm destroyed many houses.（暴风雨摧毁了许多房屋。） develop发展 The city is developing very fast.（这座城市发展得非常快。） discover 发现 Columbus discovered America in 1492.（哥伦布在 1492 年发现了美洲。） discuss 讨论 We will discuss the plan tomorrow.（我们明天将讨论这个计划。） drop掉落 He dropped his pen on the floor.（他把钢笔掉在地上了。） divide分开 Divide the cake into four pieces.（把蛋糕分成四份。） encourage鼓励 My parents encourage me to follow my heart.（我的父母鼓励我追随自己的内心。） examine检查 The doctor will examine your eyes.（医生将检查你的眼睛。） exchange改变 Let's exchange our phone numbers.（我们交换一下电话号码吧。） expect盼望 I expect to see you soon.（我期待很快见到你。） express 表现 She can express her feelings well.（她能很好地表达自己的感情。） explain 解释 Can you explain this word to me?（你能给我解释一下这个单词吗？） escape逃离 The bird escaped from the cage.（鸟从笼子里逃走了。） fail 失败，不及格 He failed the math test last week.（他上周数学考试不及格。） fall落下 Leaves fall from the trees in autumn.（秋天树叶从树上掉落。） fear恐惧 She fears dogs.（她害怕狗。） feed 喂养 Don't forget to feed the cat.（别忘了喂猫。） fetch 去拿来 Please fetch me a glass of water.（请给我拿一杯水来。） fill 填满 Fill the bottle with water.（把瓶子装满水。） fix 修理 He can fix the broken bike.（他能修理坏了的自行车。） follow跟随 Follow me, and I will show you the way.（跟我来，我给你带路。） force 强迫 They forced him to leave.（他们强迫他离开。） guess猜测 Guess what I bought for you.（猜猜我给你买了什么。） greet 打招呼 We greet each other every morning.（我们每天早上互相打招呼。） guide指导 The tour guide showed us around the city.（导游带我们参观了这座城市。） happen发生 An accident happened on the road.（路上发生了一起事故。） hang悬挂 Hang your coat on the hook.（把你的外套挂在钩子上。） hide 隐藏 The children are hiding behind the door.（孩子们藏在门后面。） improve提高 I want to improve my English.（我想提高我的英语水平。） hold 容纳，握 Hold the book in your hand.（把书拿在手里。） hurry 赶快，匆忙 Hurry up, or we'll be late.（快点，否则我们要迟到了。） include 包括 The price includes tax.（价格包括税。） increase 增加 The price of vegetables has increased.（蔬菜价格上涨了。） imagine 想象 Imagine you are on a beautiful island.（想象你在一个美丽的岛上。） impress 留印象 His speech impressed everyone.（他的演讲给每个人留下了深刻印象。） interview采访 The reporter will interview the famous singer.（记者将采访这位著名歌手。） introduce介绍 Let me introduce my friend to you.（让我把我的朋友介绍给你。） invite 邀请 He invited me to his birthday party.（他邀请我参加他的生日聚会。） invent发明 Edison invented the light bulb.（爱迪生发明了电灯泡。） join 参加 She wants to join the music club.（她想加入音乐俱乐部。） jump 跳跃 The kids like to jump rope.（孩子们喜欢跳绳。） judge 判断 Don't judge a person by their appearance.（不要以貌取人。） keep保持 Keep the door open, please.（请让门开着。） manage管理 He can manage his time well.（他能很好地管理自己的时间。） match 匹配 These two colors match well.（这两种颜色很相配。） make制作 She makes a cake for her family.（她为家人做了一个蛋糕。） mark做记号;打分 Mark the important sentences.（把重要的句子标出来。） marry嫁娶 They will marry next month.（他们下个月结婚。） mean用意 What does this word mean?（这个单词是什么意思？） meet遇见 We will meet at the school gate.（我们将在学校门口见面。） mend修理 Can you mend my socks?（你能补一下我的袜子吗？） mention提到 He didn't mention his new job.（他没有提到他的新工作。） note 注意 Note down your phone number.（记下你的电话号码。） mind 介意 Do you mind if I open the window?（你介意我打开窗户吗？） mistake犯错 I mistook his book for mine.（我把他的书错当成我的了。） need 需要 We need some water.（我们需要一些水。） obey 服从 We should obey the traffic rules.（我们应该遵守交通规则。） notice通知 Did you notice the sign?（你注意到那个标志了吗？） offer 提供 He offered me a cup of tea.（他给了我一杯茶。） operate 运转 The machine operates well.（这台机器运转良好。） own 拥有 He owns a small house.（他拥有一所小房子。） order命令 The teacher ordered us to be quiet.（老师命令我们安静。） organize 组织 We will organize a party.（我们将组织一个聚会。） pass 通过 He passed the ball to his teammate.（他把球传给了队友。） perform 表演; The actors will perform a play.（演员们将表演一出戏剧。） pick 选择 Pick up the pencil on the floor.（捡起地上的铅笔。） pay 付款 I pay 10 yuan for this book.（我花 10 元买这本书。） phone打电话 I will phone you tonight.（我今晚给你打电话。） point 指出 He pointed to the map.（他指着地图。） praise 赞扬 The teacher praised him for his good work.（老师因他出色的作业表扬了他。） place 放置 Place the box on the table.（把盒子放在桌子上。） practice练习 Practice speaking English every day.（每天练习说英语。） provide 提供 The company provides free training for new employees.这家公司为新员工提供免费培训。 prepare准备 We are preparing for the exam.（我们正在为考试做准备。） protect保护 We should protect the environment.（我们应该保护环境。） reach达到 They reached the village at night.（他们晚上到达了村庄。） regard 看待 I regard him as my best friend.（我把他当作我最好的朋友。） receive 接收 She received a letter from her mother.（她收到了母亲的一封信。） repeat 重复 Please repeat the sentence.（请重复这个句子。） rise 上升 The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。） satisfy令人满意 The result satisfies everyone.（这个结果让每个人都满意。） send发送 I will send an email to my friend.（我将给我的朋友发一封电子邮件。） share分享 Let's share the food.（我们分享这些食物吧。） stick 坚持 Stick to your dream, and you will succeed.（坚持你的梦想，你就会成功。） succeed 成功 He succeeded in passing the exam.（他成功通过了考试。） solve解决 Can you solve this math problem?（你能解决这道数学题吗？） travel 旅行 They travel to different cities every year.（他们每年去不同的城市旅行。） wake 叫醒 Please wake me up at 7 o'clock.（请在 7 点叫醒我。） prove证明 He can prove his idea.（他能证明他的想法。） produce 生产 This factory produces cars.（这家工厂生产汽车。） provide提供 The hotel provides breakfast.（这家酒店提供早餐。） prevent阻止 We should prevent the disease from spreading.（我们应该防止疾病传播。） realize 意识到 I realize I was wrong.（我意识到我错了。） regret 后悔 He regrets saying those words.（他后悔说了那些话。） remember记得 Remember to turn off the light.（记得关灯。） reply回复 He replied to my letter.（他回复了我的信。） return 返回 Please return the book on time.（请按时还书。） relax 放松 Listening to music can help you relax.（听音乐能帮助你放松。） rent出租 They rent a house in the city.（他们在城里租了一所房子。） report 报导 The newspaper reported the news.（报纸报道了这条新闻。） review 回顾 Review the lessons before the exam.（考试前复习功课。） record 记录 He likes to record his daily life.（他喜欢记录自己的日常生活。） raise提高 Raise your hand if you have a question.（如果有问题就举手。） refuse拒绝 She refused his invitation.（她拒绝了他的邀请。） remain 保持 He remained silent during the meeting.（他在会议期间保持沉默。） repair 修理 My father can repair the TV.（我爸爸能修理电视机。） require 需要 The job requires hard work.（这份工作需要努力。） remind 介意 This photo reminds me of my childhood.（这张照片让我想起了我的童年。） search 研究 They search for the lost keys.（他们寻找丢失的钥匙。） shut 关闭 Shut the door, please.（请关上门。） shine 照耀 The sun shines brightly.（阳光灿烂。） store 储藏 They store food for the winter.（他们储存食物过冬。） study 研究 She studies English every day.（她每天学习英语。） save节省 Save water, please.（请节约用水。） show显示 Show me your new bag.（给我看看你的新包。） sort 分类 Sort the books by subject.（按科目把书分类。） suit 适合 This dress suits you well.（这件连衣裙很适合你。） surprise使惊奇 The news surprised everyone.（这个消息让每个人都很惊讶。） serve 接待 The restaurant serves delicious food.（这家餐厅供应美味的食物。） shout呼喊 Don't shout in the library.（不要在图书馆大喊大叫。） spend 花钱 I spend two hours doing my homework.（我花两个小时做作业。） suggest 建议 I suggest going for a walk.（我建议去散步。） supply 供给 The company supplies materials to the factory.（这家公司为工厂供应材料。） trust 相信 I trust my parents.（我信任我的父母。） taste 尝起来 The cake tastes good.（这个蛋糕尝起来很好吃。） turn 转变 Turn left at the corner.（在拐角处向左转。） visit参观 We will visit our grandparents this weekend.（我们这个周末将去看望祖父母。） wonder想知道 I wonder what time it is.（我想知道现在几点了。） waste浪费 Don't waste food.（不要浪费食物。） wait 等待 Wait for me at the bus stop.（在公交车站等我。） worry 担忧 Don't worry about your exam.（别担心你的考试。） 【即时训练】 一、选择题 1.She ______ the gift from her friend but didn’t use it. A. accepted B. received C. refused D. returned 2.The company plans to ______ new technology to improve production. A. invent B. discover C. create D. develop 3.Can you ______ the difference between “lie” and “lay”? A. say B. tell C. speak D. talk 4.The old bridge ______ by workers last month. A. repairs B. repaired C. is repaired D. was repaired 5.The sun ______ in the east every day. A. rises B. raises C. is rising D. is raising 6.The company will ______ 50 new staff next month. A. join B. take on C. attend D. enter 7.The doctor ______ him to stop smoking for health. A. advised B. suggested C. hoped D. made 8.She ______ the book and found her lost key. A. looked up B. looked through C. looked for D. looked after 二、填空题 9.The teacher advised us ______ (review) the lessons before the exam. 10.He can’t afford ______ (buy) a new car because of low salary. 11.The team decided ______ (hold) a meeting to solve the problem. 12.The fire ______ (burn) for 10 minutes before firefighters arrived. 13.She ______ (break) the cup when she dropped it. 14.When I ______ (arrive) at the station, the train ______ (leave). 15.从方框中选择合适动词并用正确形式填空： [achieve, compare, protect, waste, surprise] 1）She ______ her goal of running a marathon last year. 2）Don’t ______ time on meaningless things. 3）The gift ______ her because it was her favorite book. 三、改错题 16.The movie was so moving that I couldn’t help to cry.（改错） 17.He was too nervous to answer to the question.（改错） 九、翻译题 18.翻译：他坚持每天练习英语。 二、高频形容词 单词及含义 例句 able能够的 He is able to solve the math problem.（他能解决这道数学题。） alive活着的 The fish is still alive in the bowl.（碗里的鱼还活着。） actual真实的 The actual price is lower than I thought.（实际价格比我想的低。） awful讨厌的 The weather today is awful—rainy and cold.（今天天气很糟糕，又下雨又冷。） amazing 令人惊喜的 The movie has an amazing ending.（这部电影有个惊人的结局。） angry 生气的 She is angry with her brother for breaking the toy.（她因弟弟弄坏玩具而生气。） afraid恐惧的 He is afraid of speaking in public.（他害怕当众讲话。） asleep睡着的 The baby fell asleep quickly.（宝宝很快睡着了。） active活跃的 Children are always active in the playground.（孩子们在操场总是很活跃。） alike 相同的 The twin sisters look alike.（这对双胞胎姐妹长得很像。） alone 孤独的 She stayed alone at home last night.（她昨晚独自在家。） blind 盲的 The blind man uses a cane to walk.（盲人用拐杖走路。） brave勇敢的 The brave firefighter saved the cat from the fire.勇敢的消防员从火里救出了猫。 boring无聊的 This book is so boring that I can’t finish it.（这本书太无聊了，我读不完。） born 天生的 She was born in a small town.（她出生在一个小镇。） beautiful美丽的 The garden is full of beautiful flowers.（花园里开满了美丽的花。） bright 明亮的 The room is bright because of the big window.（房间因大窗户而明亮。） careful小心的 Be careful when you cross the street.（过马路时要小心。） clean干净的 She keeps her room clean every day.（她每天保持房间干净。） cheap 便宜的 These apples are cheap but fresh.（这些苹果便宜但新鲜。） careless 粗心的 He failed the test because of careless mistakes.（他因粗心犯错而考试不及格。） clear 清楚的 The instructions are clear—everyone can understand.指示很清楚，每个人都能懂。 certain确定的 I’m certain that he will come on time.（我确定他会准时来。） clever聪明的 The clever dog can fetch balls.（这只聪明的狗会捡球。） close 关着的，近的 The store is close to my home.（这家店离我家很近。） colorful 多彩的 Children like colorful toys.（孩子们喜欢五颜六色的玩具。） comfortable舒服的 This sofa is more comfortable than that one.（这张沙发比那张舒服。） common共同的 It’s common to see birds in the park.（在公园看到鸟很常见。） confusing令人困惑的 The question is confusing—can you explain it?这个问题很困惑，你能解释吗？ convenient 方便的 Taking the subway is convenient in the city.（在城市里坐地铁很方便。） creative 有创造性的 She has a creative way to solve the problem.（她有一个创造性的方法解决问题。） crowded 拥挤的 The bus is too crowded in the morning.（早上公交车太拥挤了。） confident 自信的 He is confident about his job interview.（他对求职面试很自信。） correct正确的 Your answer is correct—well done!（你的答案正确，做得好！） crazy疯狂的 It’s crazy to go out in such heavy rain.（下这么大雨出去太疯狂了。） cruel 残酷的 It’s cruel to hurt small animals.（伤害小动物是残酷的。） dangerous危险的 Swimming in the river is dangerous.（在河里游泳很危险。） dark 黑的，暗的 It’s too dark to see anything outside.（太暗了，外面什么也看不见。） deep 深的 The lake is too deep for kids to swim in.（湖太深，孩子不能在里面游泳。） difficult 困难的 Math is difficult for some students.（数学对一些学生来说很难。） daily 日常的 Exercising is part of my daily life.（锻炼是我日常生活的一部分。） delicious美味的 Mom’s cooking is always delicious.（妈妈做的菜总是很美味。） different不同的 My plan is different from yours.（我的计划和你的不同。） disappointing 令人失望的 The game result was disappointing.（比赛结果令人失望。） easy 容易的 This question is easy—even a child can answer.这个问题很简单，连孩子都能回答。 embarrassed尴尬的 She felt embarrassed when she fell down.（她摔倒时感到很尴尬。） embarrassing令人尴尬的 Wearing mismatched socks is embarrassing.（穿错袜子很尴尬。） expensive 贵的 The new phone is too expensive for me.（这部新手机对我来说太贵了。） excited 兴奋的 The kids are excited about the upcoming trip.（孩子们对即将到来的旅行很兴奋。） far 远的 The school is far from my house—20 minutes by bus.（学校离我家很远，坐公交 20 分钟。） famous 著名的 Paris is famous for its beautiful buildings.（巴黎以美丽的建筑闻名。） foreign 外国的 Learning a foreign language is useful.（学一门外语很有用。） funny 有趣的，滑稽的 The comedian told funny jokes and made everyone laugh.（喜剧演员讲了有趣的笑话，让大家都笑了。） empty空的 The fridge is empty—we need to buy food.（冰箱空了，我们需要买吃的。） exciting令人兴奋的 The exciting news made her jump with joy.这个令人兴奋的消息让她高兴得跳了起来。 fast快速的 The cheetah is the fastest animal on land.（猎豹是陆地上跑得最快的动物。） fair 公平的 It’s not fair to treat others differently.（区别对待他人是不公平的。） favorite 最喜欢的 Blue is my favorite color.（蓝色是我最喜欢的颜色。） free空闲的，免费的 Are there any free seats in the classroom?（教室里有免费的座位吗？） friendly友好的 The new classmate is very friendly to everyone.（新同学对每个人都很友好。） full 满的，饱的 I’m full—I can’t eat another bite.（我饱了，一口也吃不下了。） fit 适合的 This shirt fits me well.（这件衬衫很适合我。） glad 高兴的 I’m glad to meet you at the party.（很高兴在派对上见到你。） gentle温柔的 The mother spoke to her baby in a gentle voice.（母亲用温柔的声音和宝宝说话。） happy高兴的 They are happy to hear the good news.（他们听到好消息很高兴。） hard-working努力工作的 She is a hard-working student—always studies late.（她是个勤奋的学生，总是学习到很晚。） hard 困难的，硬的 The math problem is too hard for me.（这道数学题对我来说太难了。） helpful 有帮助的 The teacher’s advice was helpful for my study.（老师的建议对我的学习很有帮助。） honest诚实的 An honest person never tells lies.（诚实的人从不说谎。） homeless 无家可归的 We should help homeless people in winter.（冬天我们应该帮助无家可归的人。） healthy健康的 Eating vegetables is healthy for your body.（吃蔬菜对身体有益。） hungry饥饿的 I’m hungry—let’s have dinner now.（我饿了，现在吃晚饭吧。） important重要的 It’s important to drink enough water every day.（每天喝足够的水很重要。） impossible 不可能的 It’s impossible to finish the work in one hour.（一小时内完成工作是不可能的。） injured 受伤的 He got injured in the basketball game.（他在篮球比赛中受伤了。） interesting 有趣的 This book is so interesting that I can’t put it down.（这本书太有趣了，我放不下。） just公正的 The judge made a just decision.（法官做出了公正的裁决。） knowledgeable知识渊博的 The professor is knowledgeable about history.（教授在历史方面知识渊博。） kind 和蔼的 She is a kind person—always helps others.（她是个善良的人，总是帮助别人。） large大的 A large crowd gathered in the square.（广场上聚集了一大群人。） latest 最新的 I want to buy the latest magazine.（我想买最新的杂志。） lazy 懒惰的 The lazy cat sleeps all day.（这只懒猫睡了一整天。） magic 有魔力的 The magician performed a magic trick.（魔术师表演了一个魔术。） lively 活泼的 The lively music made everyone dance.（活泼的音乐让大家都跳了起来。） lonely孤独的 He feels lonely when his friends are away.（朋友离开时他感到孤独。） main 主要的 The main idea of the story is about friendship.（这个故事的主旨是关于友谊。） modern 现代的 This city has many modern buildings.（这座城市有很多现代化建筑。） national 国家的 National Day is a happy holiday for everyone.国庆节对每个人来说都是快乐的节日。 natural自然的 We should protect natural resources.（我们应该保护自然资源。） nearby 附近的 There is a nearby park where we can walk.（附近有个公园，我们可以去散步。） necessary 必要的 It’s necessary to learn basic computer skills.（学习基础电脑技能是必要的。） nervous 紧张的 She feels nervous before the exam.（考试前她感到紧张。） normal 平常的 It’s normal to feel tired after running.（跑步后感到累是正常的。） northern 北方的 Northern countries are colder in winter.（北方国家冬天更冷。） opposite 相反的 The post office is on the opposite side of the street.（邮局在街道的对面。） outgoing 开朗的 She is outgoing and makes friends easily.（她性格开朗，容易交朋友。） particular 特别的 He has a particular interest in science.（他对科学有特别的兴趣。） polite 有礼貌的 It’s polite to say “thank you” when someone helps you.（别人帮助你时说 “谢谢” 是礼貌的。） personal 个人的 This is my personal opinion—you can disagree.这是我的个人观点，你可以不同意。 perfect完美的 The weather today is perfect for a picnic.（今天的天气很适合野餐。） proud自豪的 He is proud of his son’s achievements.（他为儿子的成就感到自豪。） patient 有耐心的 The teacher is patient with slow students.（老师对学习慢的学生很有耐心。） popular 受欢迎的 Smartphones are popular among young people.（智能手机在年轻人中很受欢迎。） possible可能的 Is it possible to finish the work today?（今天有可能完成工作吗？） proper适当的 Wear proper clothes when you go to a party.（参加派对时穿合适的衣服。） pretty漂亮的 The pretty girl wears a red dress.（那个漂亮的女孩穿着红裙子。） pleased高兴的 I’m pleased with my exam results.（我对考试成绩很满意。） pleasant令人愉快的 We had a pleasant time in the countryside.（我们在乡下度过了愉快的时光。） quiet 安静的 Please keep quiet in the library.（在图书馆请保持安静。） quite相当的 The movie was quite interesting.（这部电影相当有趣。） rapid 迅速的 Rapid population growth is a big problem.（人口快速增长是个大问题。） sleepy 困乏的 I feel sleepy because I stayed up late.（我熬夜了，觉得很困。） relaxed松懈懈的 Listening to music makes me feel relaxed.（听音乐让我感到放松。） relaxing令人轻松的 A warm bath is relaxing after a long day.（劳累一天后，热水澡很放松。） similar 相似的 Their hobbies are similar—both like reading.（他们的爱好相似，都喜欢阅读。） simple简单的 The instructions are simple—just follow the steps.（指示很简单，按步骤做就行。） silent 沉默的 The classroom was silent when the teacher came in.（老师进来时，教室一片寂静。） smart 聪明的 The smart boy can solve the puzzle quickly.（这个聪明的男孩能快速解出谜题。） smooth顺利的 The smooth surface of the table is easy to clean.（桌子光滑的表面容易清洁。） snowy 下雪的 It’s snowy today—let’s make a snowman.（今天下雪，我们堆雪人吧。） social 社会的 Social media is popular among teenagers.（社交媒体在青少年中很流行。） soft 柔软的 The blanket feels soft and warm.（这条毯子摸起来柔软又温暖。） strict 严格的 My parents are strict about my study.（我父母对我的学习要求严格。） strange 陌生的 I saw a strange man outside the house.（我在房子外面看到一个陌生人。） surprising令人惊讶的 The surprising news made everyone shout.这个令人惊讶的消息让大家都叫了起来。 surprised 感到惊奇的 I was surprised to see him at the party.（在派对上见到他，我很惊讶。） successful 成功的 She is a successful writer—her books sell well.（她是位成功的作家，书很畅销。） sudden 突然的 A sudden rain stopped us from playing outside.（一场突如其来的雨阻止了我们在外面玩。） sure 肯定的 I’m sure that he will come to the party.（我确定他会来参加派对。） tall高的 The tall building is the new library.（那栋高楼是新图书馆。） terrible 可怕的 I had a terrible dream last night.（我昨晚做了个可怕的梦。） thick厚的 The thick book has more than 500 pages.（这本厚厚的书有 500 多页。） thin 薄的 The ice on the lake is too thin to walk on.（湖面上的冰太薄，不能走。） tired累的 I’m tired after a long day at work.（工作一天后我累了。） true真实的 Is the story true or just a joke?（这个故事是真的还是只是个玩笑？） weak 脆弱的 She feels weak because she didn’t eat breakfast.（她没吃早餐，觉得虚弱。） unexpected意外的 An unexpected guest visited us yesterday.（昨天有位不速之客拜访了我们。） well-known众所周知的 He is a well-known singer in this city.（他是这个城市的知名歌手。） underlined划线的 Please read the underlined sentences carefully.（请仔细阅读划线的句子。） western 西方的 Western food is different from Chinese food.（西餐和中餐不同。） whole 整个的 I spent the whole day cleaning the house.（我花了一整天打扫房子。） wide 宽的 The river is too wide to swim across.（这条河太宽了，游不过去。） wet 湿的 My clothes are wet because of the rain.（我的衣服被雨淋湿了。） worth值得 The movie is worth watching—very moving.（这部电影值得一看，很感人。） wise 聪明的 The wise old man gave us good advice.（那位睿智的老人给了我们很好的建议。） wonderful 了不起的 We had a wonderful time at the party.（我们在派对上度过了美好的时光。） 【即时训练】 一、选择题 1.The old man lived ______ in the village, but he never felt ______. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alive; lonely D. alone; alive 2.The movie was so ______ that all of us felt ______. A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited 3.It’s ______ to finish the work in such a short time. A.possible B. impossible C. probable D. comfortable 4.She is ______ solving math problems—she always gets high scores. A. able to B. good at C. afraid of D. proud of 5.The city is famous ______ its beautiful beaches and clear water. A. for B. as C. to D. with 6.The ______ water in the glass is too hot to drink. A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. boils 7.He is ______ because he didn’t eat anything today. A. hungry B. thirsty C. tired D. sleepy 8.She has a ______ cat with ______ eyes. A. little; big blue B. little; blue big C. big; little blue D. blue; big little 9.The ______ boy can play the piano very well. A. clever B. smart C. wise D. knowledgeable 10.She was ______ when she saw the ______ snake. A. frightened; frightening B. frightening; frightened C. frightened; frightened D. frightening; frightening 二、改错题 11.The little boy is too young to look after him.（改错） 12.The room is enough big for five people.（改错） 13.The asleep boy didn’t hear the doorbell.（改错） 14.She is a friendly to everyone in the class.（改错） 三、填空题 15.It’s ______ (danger) to swim in the river alone. 16.The ______ (late) news says the storm will come tomorrow. 四、翻译题 17.翻译：这件外套很便宜，但质量很好。 18.翻译：他对自己的成就感到自豪。 三、高频副词 单词及含义 例句 ahead 向前面，在前面 Walk ahead, and you’ll see the bus stop.（往前走，你会看到公交站。） anymore 再也(不);不(再) anymore：He doesn’t live here anymore.（他不再住这里了。） besides 而且:此外 I don’t like coffee. Besides, it’s too expensive.（我不喜欢咖啡，而且它太贵了。） actually 事实上 I thought he was wrong, but actually he was right.（我以为他错了，但事实上他是对的。） clearly 清楚地;清晰地;明白地 Speak clearly so that everyone can understand.（清楚地说话，这样大家都能听懂。） cheaply 便宜地 You can buy clothes cheaply in this store.（在这家店你能便宜地买到衣服。） completely 彻底地;完全地 I completely forgot about the meeting.（我完全忘了那个会议。） comfortably 舒服地;舒适地 She sleeps comfortably in the big bed.（她在大床上睡得很舒服。） carefully 细致地;小心地 Read the question carefully before answering.（回答前仔细阅读问题。） badly 严重地;差;非常 The car was badly damaged in the accident.（这辆车在事故中严重受损。） differently 不同地 Boys and girls often think differently.（男孩和女孩常常想法不同。） forever 永远 I will love my family forever.（我会永远爱我的家人。） easily 容易地 The math problem is easily solved.（这道数学题很容易解决。） heavily 在很大程度上; It’s raining heavily—don’t go out.（雨下得很大，别出去。） gradually 逐步地;渐进地 The weather gradually gets warmer in spring.（春天天气逐渐变暖。） beautifully 美好地;漂亮 She sings beautifully like a bird.（她唱歌像鸟儿一样动听。） lastly 最后 Lastly, let’s thank everyone for coming.（最后，让我们感谢大家的到来。） loudly 喧闹地;大声地 Don’t speak loudly in the library.（不要在图书馆大声说话。） lately 最近;不久前 Lately, she has been busy with exams.（最近，她一直忙于考试。） mostly 主要地 The class is mostly made up of Chinese students.这个班级主要由中国学生组成。 truly 真正;确实 I truly believe he is an honest person.（我确实相信他是个诚实的人。） seriously 严重地;严肃地; We need to take this problem seriously.（我们需要严肃对待这个问题。） nowadays 现今;目前 Nowadays, many people use smartphones every day.（如今，很多人每天都用智能手机。） suddenly 突然;忽然 Suddenly, the lights went out.（突然，灯灭了。） quietly 安静地;轻柔地 The baby is sleeping quietly in the room.（宝宝在房间里安静地睡觉。） widely 广泛地;普遍地 English is widely spoken around the world.（英语在世界范围内被广泛使用。） quickly 很快地 He runs quickly and wins the race.（他跑得很快，赢了比赛。） wisely 明智地;聪明地 Spend your money wisely—don’t waste it.（明智地花钱，别浪费。） normally 通常;正常情况下 Normally, she gets up at 7 o’clock.（通常情况下，她 7 点起床。） 【即时训练】 一、选择题 1.She walked ______ and found a beautiful garden. A. ahead B. anymore C. besides D. actually 2.He doesn’t live here ______ ——he moved to another city. A. ahead B. anymore C. besides D. clearly 3.The teacher explained the question ______. A. clearly B. cheaply C. comfortably D. badly 4.It’s raining ______ ——we can’t go out. A. Heavily B. easily C. gradually D. quietly 5.______, she is a kind and helpful person. A. Actually B. Besides C. Anymore D. Ahead 6.The singer performed ______ and won the competition. A. beautifully B. badly C. cheaply D. quietly 7.______, people use smartphones to pay for everything. A. Nowadays B. Forever C. Lately D. Lastly 8.The old man walks ______ because of his illness. A. slowly B. quickly C. easily D. comfortably 9.The company is ______ owned by local people. A. mostly B. truly C. suddenly D. wisely 10.She has been busy ______ with her exams. A. lately B. lastly C. forever D. normally 11.He ______ finished the difficult task. A. easily B. easy C. easier D. easiest 12.English is ______ used in international communication. A. widely B. wisely C. heavily D. badly 二、翻译题 13.翻译：他最近学习很努力。 14.翻译：此外，我们还需要准备食物和水。 三、改错题 15.The problem is completely clear for everyone.（改错） 16.He speaks loudly than his brother.（改错） 17.He is normally late for school, but today he arrived early.（改错） 18. She sings beautiful at the concert.（改错） 四、高频名词 单词及含义 例句 advice建议 She gave me good advice on learning English.（她给了我学习英语的好建议。） activity 活动 We have many school activities every month.（我们每月有很多学校活动。） address 地址 Please write your home address on the form.（请在表格上写下你的家庭地址。） attention注意 Pay attention to the teacher in class.（上课注意听老师讲。） business商业 My father is busy with his business.（我父亲忙于他的生意。） accident事故 A car accident happened on the road yesterday.（昨天路上发生了一场车祸。） capital首都 Beijing is the capital of China.（北京是中国的首都。） cancer癌症 Smoking can cause cancer.（吸烟可能导致癌症。） century世纪 The story happened in the 19th century.（这个故事发生在 19 世纪。） chance机会 I had a chance to visit the Great Wall.（我有机会参观了长城。） choice选择 You have to make a choice between study and play.（你得在学习和玩耍之间做选择。） collection 收集 He has a collection of old coins.（他收藏了很多古钱币。） college大学 She will go to college next year.（她明年要上大学了。） communication 交流 We use WeChat for daily communication.（我们用微信进行日常交流。） competition 比赛 He won the singing competition last week.（他上周赢了歌唱比赛。） contest比赛 Are you joining the English speaking contest?（你要参加英语演讲比赛吗？） conversation对话 They had a short conversation about the plan.（他们就计划进行了简短的对话。） country国家 I want to visit different countries in the future.（未来我想参观不同的国家。） countryside乡村 We often go to the countryside on weekends.（我们周末常去乡下。） custom风俗 Eating dumplings is a Chinese custom during the Spring Festival.（春节吃饺子是中国的习俗。） courage勇气 It takes courage to speak in front of others.（在众人面前讲话需要勇气。） culture 文化 Chinese culture is rich and colorful.（中国文化丰富多彩。） death 死亡 The death of the old man made everyone sad.（老人的去世让大家都很伤心。） decision决定 His decision to study abroad surprised us.（他出国留学的决定让我们很惊讶。） development发展 The development of technology makes life easier.（科技发展让生活更便捷。） difference差异 Can you find the difference between the two pictures?（你能找出两张图片的不同吗？） danger危险 Swimming alone in the river is a danger.（独自在河里游泳很危险。） discussion 讨论 We had a long discussion about the project.（我们对这个项目进行了长时间的讨论。） disease疾病 Exercise can help prevent many diseases.（锻炼能帮助预防很多疾病。） energy 能量 Eating breakfast gives you energy for the day.（吃早餐给你一天的能量。） exercise 练习 Doing morning exercises is good for health.（做早操对健康有益。） experience 经历，经验 Traveling gives you different life experiences.（旅行给你不同的生活经历。） feeling感觉 She had a strange feeling about the old house.（她对老房子有种奇怪的感觉。） foreigner外国人 The foreigner can speak Chinese very well.（这个外国人中文说得很好。） future 未来 I hope to be a doctor in the future.（我希望未来成为一名医生。） fun玩笑，乐趣 We had a lot of fun at the party.（我们在派对上玩得很开心。） habit 习惯 Reading before sleeping is a good habit.（睡前阅读是个好习惯。） health 健康 Eating vegetables is important for your health.（吃蔬菜对健康很重要。） half一半 Half of the students in the class are girls.（班里一半学生是女生。） help帮助 Thanks for your help with my homework.（谢谢你帮我做作业。） excuse借口 Don’t make excuses for being late.（别为迟到找借口。） friendship 友谊 True friendship lasts forever.（真正的友谊天长地久。） history 历史 We learn about Chinese history in school.（我们在学校学习中国历史。） human 人类 Humans should protect the environment.（人类应该保护环境。） housework家务劳动 I often help my mom with housework.（我常帮妈妈做家务。） hunger 饥饿 Many people suffer from hunger in poor countries.（贫困国家很多人遭受饥饿。） holiday假日 Where will you go for the summer holiday?（暑假你要去哪里？） importance 重要 The importance of learning English is clear.（学习英语的重要性很明显。） information信息 You can find useful information on the Internet.（你可以在网上找到有用的信息。） hurry 匆忙 In his hurry, he forgot to bring his keys.（匆忙中，他忘了带钥匙。） instruction 命令 Follow the instructions when using the machine.（使用机器时请遵循操作说明。） invitation 邀请 She received an invitation to the wedding.（她收到了婚礼的邀请。） journey旅行,旅程 The journey from Beijing to Shanghai takes about 5 hours by high-speed rail.（北京到上海的高铁旅程约 5 小时。） knowledge知识 Reading books can increase your knowledge.（读书能增长你的知识。） lesson 教训 The accident taught him a lesson about safety.（这次事故给了他一次安全方面的教训。） library图书馆 I often study in the school library.（我常在学校图书馆学习。） magazine杂志 She likes reading fashion magazines.（她喜欢读时尚杂志。） message 信息 Please leave a message if I’m not at home.（如果我不在家，请留言。） memory记忆 Childhood memories are always happy.（童年的记忆总是快乐的。） museum博物馆 We visited a history museum last weekend.（上周末我们参观了历史博物馆。） nature 自然 We should live in harmony with nature.（我们应与自然和谐共处。） notice注意 There’s a notice about the exam on the board.（黑板上有一则关于考试的通知。） opportunity机会 Don’t miss the opportunity to study abroad.（别错过出国留学的机会。） period 时代 The Tang Dynasty was a golden period in Chinese history.（唐朝是中国历史上的黄金时期。） pity 遗憾 What a pity that you can’t come to the party.（你不能来参加派对，真遗憾。） reason 原因 Tell me the reason why you were late.（告诉我你迟到的原因。） risk 风险 Driving fast increases the risk of accidents.（开快车会增加事故风险。） season时期 Autumn is my favorite season.（秋天是我最喜欢的季节。） spirit 精神 The team showed great fighting spirit in the match.（这支队伍在比赛中展现了顽强的战斗精神。） success成功 Success comes from hard work.（成功来自努力。） rest休息 Take a rest if you feel tired.（如果累了就休息一下。） rule规则 Follow the rules when playing the game.（玩游戏时要遵守规则。） secret 秘密 She kept the secret from everyone.（她对所有人都保守这个秘密。） speech 演讲 The president gave a speech on TV.（总统在电视上发表了演讲。） taste 味道 I don’t like the taste of coffee.（我不喜欢咖啡的味道。） meaning意义 What’s the meaning of this word?（这个单词是什么意思？） note 笔记, Take notes while listening to the teacher.（听课时要做笔记。） patience 耐心 Teaching children requires a lot of patience.（教孩子需要很大的耐心。） pleasure高兴 It’s my pleasure to help you.（帮助你是我的荣幸。） report 报道 The newspaper published a report about the accident.（报纸刊登了一篇关于事故的报道。） science 科学 Science and technology change our lives.（科学技术改变我们的生活。） service 服务 The service in this restaurant is very good.（这家餐厅的服务很好。） speed 速度 The car was driving at a high speed.（这辆车在高速行驶。） truth 真相 Tell me the truth—did you break the window?（告诉我实话，窗户是你打破的吗？） weight 重量 She wants to lose weight by exercising.（她想通过锻炼减肥。） hometown 家乡 My hometown is a small and beautiful village.（我的家乡是一个美丽的小村庄。） ilness 疾病 He had to stay at home because of illness.（他因病不得不待在家里。） interest 兴趣 Her main interest is painting.（她的主要兴趣是绘画。） language语言 English is an international language.（英语是一门国际语言。） vacation 假期 We plan to go to the beach for vacation.（我们计划去海滩度假。） trip 旅行 We had a wonderful trip to the mountains.（我们去山里旅行很愉快。） visitor 参观者 The museum has many visitors every day.（这家博物馆每天有很多参观者。） method 方法 This is an effective method for learning vocabulary.（这是学习词汇的有效方法。） model模特 She wants to be a fashion model.（她想成为一名时装模特。） noise 噪音 The noise from the street woke me up.（街上的噪音把我吵醒了。） peace和平 World peace is everyone’s dream.（世界和平是每个人的梦想。） problem 问题 How to solve this problem is a big headache.（如何解决这个问题很让人头疼。） research研究 Scientists do research to find a cure for the disease.（科学家进行研究以寻找治疗这种疾病的方法。） scientist 科学家 Einstein was a great scientist.（爱因斯坦是一位伟大的科学家。） silence 沉默 There was a long silence in the classroom.（教室里长时间一片寂静。） style风格 Her writing style is very unique.（她的写作风格很独特。） 【即时训练】 一、选择题 1.She gave me some useful ______ on how to learn English. A. advice B. advices C. suggestion D. suggestion 2.The ______ of the accident was carelessness. A. reason B. excuse C. cause D. result 3.We had a 热烈的______ about the best way to solve the problem. A. discussion B. decision C. competition D. conversation 4.She has a large ______ of stamps from different countries. A. collection B. choice C. chance D. culture 5.The ______ of the city is about 10 million. A. population B. people C. number D. person 6.I need to get some ______ about the project. A. information B. message C. news D. fact 7.Can you give me a piece of ______? I’m confused. A. advice B. advices C. suggestion D. suggestions 8.This is ______ room—they share it. A. Tom and Jerry’s B. Tom’s and Jerry’s C. Tom and Jerry D. Tom’s and Jerry 9.She missed the ______ to study abroad because of illness. A. chance B. choice C. competition D. contest 10.The ______ of the city is becoming more and more polluted. A. air B. water C. noise D. population 二、翻译题 11.翻译：健康比财富更重要。 12.翻译：他的演讲给观众留下了深刻印象。 三、改错题 13.We had a wonderful journey during the summer vocation.（改错） 14.The library has a large number of magazine.（改错） 15.There are many beautiful photo in the magazine.（改错） 16.The doctor gave him some advices on health.（改错） 四、填空题 17.The ______ (decide) to study abroad changed her life. 18.The ______ (true) is that he never liked the plan. 【知识点清单二】短语动词 一、基础高频动词 动词 短语 例句 Make做 / 制造 / 使 make up：编造；组成 She made up a story. make out：理解；辨认 I can’t make out his handwriting. make sure：确保 Make sure the door is locked. make sense：有意义 This sentence doesn’t make sense. make up for：弥补 I’ll make up for the lost time. Do做 / 完成 do with：处理 What did you do with the letter? do without：没有… 也行 We can do without luxury. do one’s best：尽力 He did his best to help. do harm：有害 Smoking does harm to health. Do sb a favor 帮某人一个忙 Can you do me a favor and pass the salt? Get获得 / 变得 / 到达 get up：起床 I get up at 7 am. get along：相处；进展 They get along well. get over：克服；恢复 She got over the illness. get used to：习惯于 I got used to the new job. get rid of：摆脱 Get rid of the old books. get on/off ：上车/下车 Remember to get off at the next stop. Have有 / 经历 have on：穿着 She has a red coat on. have to：不得不 I have to finish the work. have in mind：考虑；打算 What do you have in mind? have a look：看一看 Let me have a look. have fun：玩得开心 We had fun at the party. Have a meeting 开会 We have a weekly meeting every Monday morning. Have a good time 玩的很高兴 We had a good time hiking in the mountains.” Go去 / 进行 go on：继续；发生 Go on with your story. go out：外出；熄灭 The fire went out. go over：复习；检查 Go over the notes before exam. go through：经历；浏览 He went through a hard time. go up：上升；上涨 Prices are going up. Agree同意 agree with同意某人 / 观点 I agree with you. agree to同意计划 / 建议 He agreed to our proposal. agree on在...意见一致 We all agree on the importance of education. 二、场景高频动词 动词 短语 例句 Come来 / 出现 come in：进来 Come in, please.请进。 come up：走近；发生 A problem came up.出现了一个问题。 come up with：想出 She came up with a good idea.她想出了一个好主意。 come across：偶遇 I came across an old friend.我偶遇了一位老朋友。 come back：回来；恢复 He came back from abroad.他从国外回来了。 come on鼓励 / 催促 Come on, you can finish the race!加油，你能跑完这场比赛！ Take拿 / 花费 / 乘坐 take off：起飞；脱下 The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。 take over：接管 He took over the company.他接管了这家公司。 take part in：参加 Take part in the discussion.参加讨论。 take care of：照顾 Take care of your health.保重身体。 take place：发生 The event took place yesterday.事件发生在昨天。 take away 带走；减去；使消失 Please take away the empty plates.请把空盘子拿走。 take on 承担；呈现；雇佣 She took on a new challenge.她承担了一项新的挑战。 take up 占据；开始；继续 The desk takes up too much space.这张桌子太占地方了。 Bring带来 / 导致 bring up：抚养；提出 She was brought up in London.她在伦敦长大。 bring about：引起 Technology brings about changes.科技带来变革。 bring back：带回；使回忆 Bring back the book tomorrow.明天把书还回来。 bring in：引入；赚得 The project brings in profits.这个项目带来了利润。 consist 由… 组成 consist in在于 Success consists in hard work.成功在于努力。 consist of由… 组成 The team consists of 12 members.这个团队由 12 名成员组成。 Put放置 / 表达 put on：穿上；上演 Put on your coat.穿上你的外套。 put off：推迟 Don’t put off the work.别拖延工作。 put away：收起 Put away your toys.把你的玩具收拾好。 put forward：提出 He put forward a plan.他提出了一个计划。 put aside：储蓄；搁置 Put aside some money.存一些钱。 put up 建立，搭起 We put up tents before the sun set.我们在日落前搭好了帐篷。 put into 放入，翻译 She put the letter into the envelope.她把信放进了信封。 break打破、折断 break down（机器）故障；（身体）垮掉；分解 The car broke down on the highway.汽车在高速公路上抛锚了。 break up （关系）破裂；解散；拆分 They broke up after a year of dating.他们约会一年后分手了。 break into闯入；突然开始（笑 / 哭） Thieves broke into the house at night.小偷夜里闯入了房子。 break off 中断（谈话 / 关系）； She broke off the conversation and left.她中断谈话后离开了。 break in闯入，打断（谈话 / 活动 Don’t break in when others are speaking.别人说话时别插嘴。 break out 爆发（战争 / 疾病） A fire broke out in the warehouse.仓库里发生了火灾。 Set设置 / 放置 set up：建立；设立 Set up a new company.成立一家新公司。 set off：出发；引爆 Set off early in the morning.清晨出发。 set aside：留出；不顾 Set aside time for exercise.留出时间锻炼。 set out：出发；打算 Set out to achieve goals.着手实现目标。 Turn （使）转动、旋转， 转向、转变、翻转 turn on 打开（电器 / 设备） Turn on the light, please.请开灯。 turn off 关闭（电器 / 设备） Don’t forget to turn off the TV.别忘了关电视。 turn up 出现；调大（音量） She turned up at the party unexpectedly.她意外地出现在聚会上。 turn down拒绝；调小（音量） He turned down the job offer.他拒绝了这份工作邀请。 turn into 变成 Her hobby turned into a successful business.她的爱好变成了一项成功的事业。 turn around转身；（使）好转 The company turned around.这家公司扭亏为盈了。 turn over 翻转；移交；翻找 Turn over the paper.把纸翻过来。 Pick 挑选、选择，采摘 pick up捡起；（开车）接人；学会；好转（如天气、身体）。 I’ll pick you up at the station. 我会去车站接你。 pick out 挑选出；辨认出。 Can you pick out your friend in the photo?你能在照片中认出你的朋友吗？ pick on 挑剔；欺负。 Don’t pick on him—he’s doing his best.别挑剔他了，他已经在尽力了。 三、感官与动作高频动词 动词 短语 例句 Look看 / 看起来 look for：寻找 Look for the keys.寻找钥匙。 look after：照顾 Look after the children.照顾孩子们。 look up：查阅；仰望 Look up the word in a dictionary.在字典里查这个单词。 look up to 敬仰；钦佩 She looks up to her mother.她尊敬自己的母亲。（look up to 意为 “敬仰；崇拜”） look down upon看不起 Don’t look down upon manual work.不要轻视体力劳动。（look down upon 意为 “看不起；轻视”） look through浏览 He looked through the contract carefully.他仔细浏览了合同。 look into：调查 Look into the matter.调查这件事。 look forward to：期待 I look forward to your reply.期待您的回复。 See看见 / 理解 see off：送别 See off the guests.送别客人。 see through：看穿；完成 See through the plan.识破这个计划。 see to：处理；照料 See to the problem.处理这个问题。 Hear听见 / 听说 hear from：收到… 来信 Hear from you soon.期待很快收到你的来信。 hear about/of：听说 I heard about the news.我听说了这个消息。 hear out：听完 Hear me out, please.请听我说完。 Give给 / 提供 give up：放弃 Don’t give up.不要放弃。 give away：赠送；泄露 Give away old clothes.捐赠旧衣服。 give in：屈服 He gave in to pressure.他向压力屈服了。 give out：分发；用尽 Give out the papers.分发试卷。 give off 释放；散发（气味、热量、光等） The candle gives off a soft light.蜡烛发出柔和的光。 四、其他高频动词 动词 短语 例句 Keep保持 / 保留 keep up(with)：保持；跟上 Keep up the good work.继续保持优异表现。/ 再接再厉。 keep on：继续 Keep on trying.坚持尝试。/ 继续努力。 keep away：远离 Keep away from danger.远离危险。 keep in mind：记住 Keep in mind the rules.牢记这些规则。 keep the secret to oneself 保守秘密；不告诉他人 She kept the secret to herself for years. 她将这个秘密藏在心里多年。 Find找到 / 发现 find out：查明 Find out the truth.查明真相。 find fault with：挑剔 Don’t find fault with others.不要苛责他人。/ 别对别人吹毛求疵。 Think思考 / 认为 think about：考虑 Think about the plan.思考这个计划。 think over：仔细考虑 Think over before deciding.做决定前仔细斟酌。 think of：想起；认为 Think of a good idea.想出一个好主意。 think out设计出；想出 He thought out a clever way to solve the problem. 他想出了一个聪明的办法来解决这个问题。 Feel感觉 / 认为 feel like：想要 I feel like eating pizza.我想吃披萨。 feel for：同情；摸索 Feel for the poor.同情穷人。 Call呼叫 / 称呼 call on：拜访；号召 Call on me tomorrow.明天来看我。 call off：取消 Call off the meeting.取消会议。 call up：打电话；回忆 Call up your friend.给你朋友打电话。 Stand站立；忍受 stand by：支持；袖手旁观 I’ll always stand by you during tough times.我会在困难时期一直支持你。 stand for：代表；象征 What does this logo stand for?这个标志代表什么？ stand out：突出；显眼 Her bright red coat stood out in the crowd.她的亮红色外套在人群中很显眼。 Lie躺；说谎 lie down：躺下 You should lie down if you feel dizzy.如果你头晕，应该躺下。 lie to sb.：对某人撒谎 He lied to me about his past experience.他对我隐瞒了过去的经历。 lie in：在于；位于 The solution lies in better communication.解决方案在于更好的沟通。 Wait等待 wait for：等待 I’ve been waiting for the bus for 20 minutes.我等公交车已经 20 分钟了。 wait on：伺候；服侍 She felt like she was being waited on hand and foot.她觉得自己被无微不至地伺候着。 Rest休息；搁置 rest on：依靠；取决于 Success rests on hard work and patience.成功取决于努力和耐心。 rest up：充分休息 You need to rest up after the surgery.手术后你需要充分休息。 Strike打击；罢工；突然想到 strike a deal：达成协议 They struck a deal to share the profits.他们达成了分享利润的协议。 strike out：失败；独立闯新路 He decided to strike out on his own as an entrepreneur.他决定独自创业。 Stick粘贴；坚持 stick to：坚持；遵守 Stick to your goals, and you’ll succeed.坚持你的目标，你会成功的。 stick out：突出；坚持到底 His ears stick out, making him easy to recognize.他的耳朵突出，很容易认出来。 stick with：继续做；忠于 Stick with me, and I’ll show you the way.跟着我，我会给你带路。 Flow流动；传播 flow into：流入；涌入 Money flowed into the company after the investment.投资后资金涌入公司。 flow from：由… 产生；源于 Problems often flow from poor planning.问题通常源于规划不善。 go with the flow：随波逐流；顺应潮流 Sometimes it’s better to go with the flow.有时随遇而安更好。 Slide滑动；下滑 slide into：滑入；逐渐陷入 He slid into a bad habit of procrastination.他逐渐养成了拖延的坏习惯。 let sth. slide：对… 放任不管 Don’t let your studies slide during the vacation.假期不要放任学习。 slide by：悄悄过去；溜走 Time slides by when you’re having fun.开心的时候时间过得飞快。 Focus集中；聚焦 focus on：集中于；关注 We need to focus on solving the main problem.我们需要专注解决主要问题。 focus sth. on sth.：把… 集中到… 上 She focused all her energy on the project.她把所有精力都投入到项目中。 Split分裂；分开 split up：分手；分裂 They split up after a long argument.激烈争吵后他们分手了。 split into：分成；分割成 The class was split into small groups.班级被分成了小组。 split the bill：分摊账单 Let’s split the bill equally.我们平摊账单吧。 Handle处理；应付 handle with care：小心处理 This package should be handled with care.这个包裹需要小心搬运。 handle sth. well：妥善处理某事 She handled the crisis with great professionalism.她以高度的专业性处理了危机。 can’t handle sth.：无法承受某事 He can’t handle the pressure of the job.他无法承受工作的压力。 Risk冒险；冒… 风险 risk doing sth.：冒险做某事 They risked losing everything to start the business.他们冒险失去一切去创业。 at risk：处于危险中 Children’s education is at risk due to the crisis.危机导致儿童教育面临风险。 take a risk：冒险 Taking a risk sometimes leads to great rewards.冒险有时会带来丰厚回报。 Grow生长；增长 grow up：长大；成熟 She grew up in a small town.她在一个小镇长大。 grow into：成长为；适应 He grew into a responsible adult.他成长为一个负责任的成年人。 grow apart：逐渐疏远 Friends often grow apart after moving away.搬家后朋友常常会逐渐疏远。 Balance平衡；权衡 balance sth. with sth.：用… 平衡… She balances work with family life她平衡工作与家庭生活。 keep/lose balance：保持 / 失去平衡 Yoga helps me keep balance in mind and body.瑜伽帮助我保持身心平衡。 on balance：总的来说 On balance, the benefits outweigh the costs.总的来说，收益大于成本。 Waste浪费；消耗 waste time/money on sth.：在… 上浪费时间 / 金钱 Don’t waste time on meaningless arguments.别在无意义的争论上浪费时间。 waste away：日渐消瘦；衰弱 He wasted away from lack of care.因缺乏照料，他日渐消瘦。 a waste of sth.：… 的浪费 This meeting is a waste of everyone’s time.这个会议是在浪费大家的时间。 Apply申请；应用 apply for：申请 She applied for a job at the company.她申请了公司的一份工作。 apply to：适用于；向… 申请 This rule applies to all students.这条规则适用于所有学生。 apply sth. to sth.把… 应用到 Apply theory to practice.（将理论应用于实践。） Cancel取消；废除） cancel out：抵消；中和 The advantages and disadvantages cancel each other out.利弊相互抵消。 cancel sth. (out)：取消某事 They had to cancel the trip due to bad weather.因天气恶劣，他们不得不取消旅行。 cancel a subscription：取消订阅 I decided to cancel my magazine subscription.我决定取消杂志订阅。 Mind介意；注意 mind doing sth.：介意做某事 Do you mind closing the window?你介意关上窗户吗？ never mind：没关系；别在意 Never mind—we can try again tomorrow.没关系，我们明天再试。 keep in mind：记住 Keep in mind that safety comes first.记住安全第一。 Occur发生；想到 occur to sb.：被某人想到 A good idea occurred to me yesterday.昨天我想到一个好主意。 it occurs to sb. that…：某人突然想到 It occurred to her that she had left the door unlocked.她突然想到门没锁。 occur in：发生在；存在于 Earthquakes often occur in this region.该地区常发生地震。 Measure测量；衡量 measure up to：符合；达到 His performance didn’t measure up to expectations.他的表现未达到预期。 take measures：采取措施 The government took measures to reduce pollution.政府采取措施减少污染。 in measure：适度地 Everything should be done in measure.凡事都应适度。 【即时训练】 1.Lee Kuan Yew, the founding father of Singapore, at the age of 91, early in the morning on March 23. A. passed away B. took away C. went away D.gave away 2.----What did you do on Earth Day this year ? ----We _____ a show to spread the message about protecting the environment. A.put on B.put up C.put away D. put in 3.When I got to the bus stop ,I missed the early bus and I had to _____the next one. A.give up B.keep off C.call off D. wait for 4.——These waste boxes ________ too much space in the kitchen. ——I’ll sell them at once. A.take up B. put up C. take off D.take on 5.I really need to take more exercise because I’m _____ weight. A. putting off B. putting on C. putting down D. putting away 6.It’s getting dark. Would you please_______ the light ? A. get on B. get off C. turn on D. turn off 7.----Dear sister, does the TV show Dad Comes Back ____our father ? ----Sure. Dad has been away for about ten years. A. let you down B. help you out C. remind you of D.help you of 8.You’d better _______ the test paper before handing it in. A. go ahead B. go on C. go off D. go over 9. Susan______ her friend’s invitation because of an important meeting. A. took down B. put down C. turned down D. wrote down 10.We planned to meet at 10:30 at the station last Sunday, but Bob didn’t ______ until 12:00. A. turn up B. give up C. stay up D. grow up 11.The old man decided to ______ his business to his son before he retired.​ A. take over​ B. hand over​ C. get over​ D. go over​ 12.We need to ______ the problem carefully before we make a decision.​ A. look up​ B. look into C. look after ​D. look for​ 13.The firemen managed to ______ the fire in the building.​ A. put out​ B. put on​ C. put up​ D. put away​​ 14.Don't ______ the bus until it has stopped completely.​ A. get off​ B. get on​ C. get up​ D. get over​ 15.She always ______ her childhood memories with great pleasure.​ A. thinks over​ B. thinks about​ C. thinks of​ D. thinks up​ ​ 16.The government is trying to ______ the prices of daily necessities.​ A. bring down ​B. bring up​ C. bring out​ D. bring in​ 17.I can't ______ my computer. There must be something wrong with it.​ A. turn on ​B. turn off​ C. turn up​ D. turn down​ 18.The company plans to ______ a new product next month.​ A. put forward​ B. put aside​ C. put off​ D. put out​ 19.The meeting has been ______ until next week due to the bad weather.​ A. taken off ​B. set off​ C. put off​ D. given off​ 20.He ______ his fear of heights and climbed to the top of the mountain.​ A. got through​ B. got over​ C. got away ​D. got into​ 21.You should ______ your study habits if you want to improve your grades.​ A. break down​ B. break up​ C. break into​ D. break out​ 22.They ______ a lot of money for the charity last year.​ A. gave away​ B. gave up​ C. gave in​ D. gave out​ 23.The little boy ______ his mother's hand tightly when crossing the road.​ A. held on​ B. held up​ C. held out ​D. held onto​ 24.The plan ______ because of lack of money.​ A. fell off​ B. fell through​ C. fell over ​D. fell behind​ 25.She ______ the light and went to bed.​ A. took off​ B. put off​ C. turned off​ D. got off​ 26.The teacher asked the students to ______ their homework on time.​ A. hand in​ B. hand out​ C. hand over​ D. hand down​​ 27.We must ______ the truth of this matter.​ A. find out​ B. look out​ C. take out​ D. put out​​ 28.The plane ______ on time despite the heavy rain.​ A. took off​ B. put off​ C. turned off​ D. got off​ 29.The doctor told him to ______ smoking for his health.​ A. give away​ B. give up ​C. give in​ D. give out​ 30.The young man ______ his dream of becoming a famous singer.​ A. carried on​ B. carried out​ C. carried away​ D. carried off​ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$