2026年中考语法复习状语从句和定语从句知识讲解

中考英语语法复习 状语从句和定语从句知识讲解 一、状语从句 (一)状语从句是什么? 状语从句是复合句中的状语成分,用来修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词,表示时间、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步等关系。简单来说,它能让句子“更具体”“更丰富”。 (二)五大重点类型及用法 1.时间状语从句 表示动作发生的时间,常用连词:when, while, as, before, after, until, since, as soon as 【例句】 I will call you when I arrive.(我到达时会给你打电话。) She was reading while I was cooking.(我做饭时她在读书。) Before you leave, turn off the lights.(离开前请关灯。) 小贴士:时间状语从句中,主句用将来时(will/shall),从句用一般现在时(主将从现)。 正确:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home. 错误:If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay home. 2.条件状语从句 表示假设或条件,常用连词:if, unless(=if not) 【例句】 If you study hard, you will pass the exam.(如果你努力学习,你会通过考试。) Unless you apologize, she won’t forgive you.(除非你道歉,她不会原谅你。) 主将从现原则:主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。 正确:If he comes late, we will leave. 错误:If he will come late, we will leave. 3.原因状语从句 表示动作发生的原因,常用连词:because, since, as, for 【例句】 She stayed home because she was sick.(她因为生病呆在家里。) Since it’s raining, we’ll cancel the trip.(既然下雨了,我们取消旅行。) 注意: Because 表示直接原因,语气最强,常用于回答“why”问题。 Because 和 so 不能同时出现在一个句子中! 正确:Because it was late, we left./ It was late, so we left. 错误:Because it was late, so we left. 4.结果状语从句 表示主句动作导致的结果,常用结构:so...that..., such...that... 【例句】 The movie was so boring that I fell asleep.(电影如此无聊,以至于我睡着了。) He is such a kind man that everyone likes him.(他如此善良,以至于每个人都喜欢他。) 区别: so + 形容词/副词 + that such + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + that 5.让步状语从句 表示“尽管……但……”,常用连词:though, although, even though/if 【例句】 Although it was raining, we went out.(尽管下雨了,我们还是出去了。) Even if you fail, don’t give up.(即使你失败了,也不要放弃。) 注意: though/although 不能与 but 同时使用! 正确:Although he was tired, he kept working. 错误:Although he was tired, but he kept working. 可与 still/yet 搭配: Though she was sad, she still smiled. (三)高频考点总结 1.时间状语从句 常用连词:when, while, as, before, after, until, since, as soon as 核心规则:主句用将来时(will/shall/be going to),从句用一般现在时(主将从现)。 【例句】If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 注意:连词选择需匹配动作的持续性或瞬间性(如 while 表示持续,as soon as 表示瞬间)。 2.条件状语从句 常用连词:if, unless(=if not) 核心规则:主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时(主将从现)。 【例句】If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 注意:unless = if not,逻辑上需注意否定含义。 3.原因状语从句 常用连词:because, since, as, for 核心规则: because 表示直接原因,语气最强,常用于回答“why”问题。 since/as 表示已知或显而易见的原因。 for 多用于书面语,通常放在主句之后。 禁忌:because 和 so 不能同时出现在一个句子中! 正确:Because it was late, we left./ It was late, so we left. 错误:Because it was late, so we left. 4.结果状语从句 常用结构:so...that..., such...that... 核心规则: 【例句】He is such a kind man that everyone likes him. 【例句】The movie was so boring that I fell asleep. so + 形容词/副词 + that(修饰形容词或副词) such + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + that(修饰名词) 注意:区分结构,避免混淆。 5.让步状语从句 常用连词:though, although, even though/if 核心规则: 【例句】Even if you fail, don’t give up. 正确:Although it was raining, we went out. 错误:Although it was raining, but we went out. though/although 表示“尽管……但……”,但不能与 but 同时使用! even though/if 强调“即使……”,语气更强烈。 搭配:可与 still/yet 连用,表示转折后仍发生的情况。 【例句】Though she was sad, she still smiled. 二、定语从句 1.什么是定语从句? 定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,通常由一个关系词引导,这个关系词既连接主句和从句,又在从句中充当一定成分。 例如: This is the book that I bought yesterday. 其中,“that I bought yesterday”就是定语从句,修饰先行词“the book”。 2.关系词的选择原则:看从句中的“角色” 选择正确的关系词,关键在于分析先行词(被修饰的词)在从句中充当什么成分。 我们可以分为以下几类来记忆: (1)指人时 主语成分关系词用: who / that 宾语成分关系词用:whom / who / that(可省略) 定语成分关系词用: whose 【例句】 The man who/that is talking to Mary is my teacher. She is the girl (whom/who/that) I met last week.(宾语,可省略) The boy whose parents are doctors studies very hard. (2)指物时 主语/宾语成分关系词用: which / that 定语成分关系词用: whose / of which 【例句】 This is the car which/that my father bought. The house, whose windows face south, is for sale.(= the windows of which) (3)指时间、地点、原因时 这类情况中,关系词在从句中作状语,所以不能使用that或which。 时间用when I still remember the day when we first met. 地点用where This is the village where I was born. 原因用why That’s the reason why he left early. 限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句 在英语中,定语从句分为两种:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。它们在结构和意义上都有明显区别。 (4)限制性定语从句 不用逗号隔开,与主句紧密结合。 可以用 that 引导,也可以用 who、whom、which 等。 指物时,如果关系词在从句中作宾语,which 或 that 可以省略。 作用是限定先行词,也就是说,这个从句对理解句子至关重要,去掉后句意不完整或不清楚。 示例: The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. (我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。) 如果去掉“that I borrowed from the library”,我们就无法知道是哪本书。 (5)非限制性定语从句 必须用逗号与主句隔开,表示补充说明。 不能使用 that,指人用 who/whom,指物用 which。 指物时,即使关系词在从句中作宾语,which 也不能省略。 作用是补充信息,去掉后不影响句子的基本意思。 示例: My brother, who lives in Shanghai, will come to visit me next week. (我的哥哥住在上海,他下周要来看我。) 即使去掉“who lives in Shanghai”,我们仍然知道是谁会来。 (6)易错点总结 漏掉或误加代词 当关系词本身已在从句中作宾语时,不能再加it/them等代词。 错误:This is the book that I bought it yesterday. 正确:This is the book (that) I bought yesterday. that 和 which 的混淆 虽然两者有时可以互换,但在以下情况下只能使用that: 先行词是不定代词:all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等 I’ll tell you everything (that) I know. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰 This is the best movie that I’ve ever seen. 先行词同时包含人和物 He talked about the people and places that impressed him most. 主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句 Who is the person that called you? 4 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$