重点语法复习（二）2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级下册

八升九衔接：八下重点语法复习（二） 现在完成时 1、 定义 现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在，或对现在造成的影响或结果，强调“过去与现在的联系”。 核心用法示例 1. 动作已完成，对现在有影响：He has broken the window.（窗户被他打碎了，现在是坏的。） 2. 动作从过去持续到现在：They have lived here for 10 years.（他们住在这里10年了，现在还住着。） 2、 构成 1. 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词（done）+其他的 . 例句：I have finished my homework.（我完成了作业。） 2. 否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 动词过去分词（done）+其他. 例句：She hasn’t seen the movie yet.（她还没看这部电影。） 3. 一般疑问句： -Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词（done）+其他？ -Yes, 主语+have/has. -No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 例句：-Has he visited Beijing before?（他以前去过北京吗？） -Yes, he has.（是的，他去过。） 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？ 例句：-What have you done for the past 3 days? （过去的三天里你做了什么？） 3、 过去分词变化规则 · 规则变化 1. 一般情况：直接加 -ed。 例：work → worked；visit → visited。 2. 以不发音的e结尾：加 -d。例：live → lived；hope → hoped。 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i，加 -ed。例：study → studied；carry → carried。 4. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写该字母，加 -ed。 例：stop → stopped；plan → planned。 · 不规则变化 1. AAA型：cut → cut → cut；let → let → let；read→ read→ read; put→ put→ put。 2. ABB型：bring → brought → brought；think → thought → thought； meet→ met→ met。 3. ABA型：come → came → come；run → ran → run。 4. ABC型：drink→ drank→ drunk；sing→ sang→ sung；swim→ swam→ swum；break→ broke→ broken。 4、 时间标志词 1. 与现在有关的时间段： for + 时间段， since + 时间点，since+时间段+ago， since+从句（需要与与延续性动词连用） 例句：I have had it for 3 years.= I have had it since 3 years ago.= I have had it since 2022. （我拥有它已经三年了。） 2. 表示“已发生”的副词：already（已经，用于肯定句），yet（已经/还，用于否定/疑问句），just（刚刚） 例句：He has already finished reading the book. （他已经读完了这本书。） He hasn’t finished reading it yet.（他还没有读完它。） 3. 表示“经历”的时间词：ever（曾经），never（从未），before（以前） 例句：Have you ever been to the museum?（你曾经去过这个博物馆吗？） I have never been to a water park.（我从没去过水上乐园。） 4. 其他：recently/lately（最近），in the past few days（在过去的几天内），so far/up to now（到目前为止） 例句： She hasn’t been in China in the past 10 years. （过去十年里她都不在中国。） 5、 短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换 borrow➡keep buy➡have open➡be opened close➡be closed make/get/become➡be die➡be dead begin/start➡be on finish➡be over leave➡be away from join➡be (in)/be a member of 6、 have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in辨析 1. have/has been to+地名，表示过去曾经去过某地（现在不在该地） 例句：I have been to Beijing 3 times.（我已经去过北京三次了。） 2. have /has gone to+地名，表示已经去了某地（还未回来） 例句：Tom has gone to Japan.（汤姆已经去了日本。） 3. have/has been in+地名，表示已在某地（待了多久） 例句：The Greens have been in America for 5 years. （格林一家已在美国待了五年。） 7、 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 例句： I lost my pen last week. （现在找到与否没有说明。） 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。 例句： I have lost my pen.（钢笔现在没找到。） 现在完成时练习 一、单项选择 1. —Where is Tom? —He ______ to the library. He ______ there an hour ago. A. has gone; went B. has been; went C. went; went D. has gone; has gone 2. My father ______ in the factory for twenty years. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. will work 3. —______ you ______ your homework yet? —Yes, I ______ it ten minutes ago. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; have finished C. Have; done; finished D. Will; do; finish 4. I ______ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 5. His grandparents ______ for ten years. A. died B. have died C. have been dead D. were dead 6. —How long have you ______ here? —Since 2018. A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 7. —______ you ever ______ to the Great Wall? —Yes, I ______ there last year. A. Have; been; went B. Have; gone; went C. Did; go; went D. Were; going; went 8. She ______ the piano since she was five years old. A. played B. has played C. plays D. will play 9. The film ______ for five minutes. A. began B. has begun C. has been on D. started 10. —Where is your father? —He ______ Shanghai. He ______ back in two days. A. has been to; will come B. has gone to; will come C. has been to; comes D. has gone to; comes 11. We ______ English for three years already, and we can speak a little English now. A. learn B. have learned C. learned D. will learn 12. —______ your sister ______ the piano in her room now? —No, she ______ it in the music room yesterday. A. Is; playing; played B. Does; play; played C. Has; played; played D. Will; play; plays 13. —How many times ______ you ______ to Beijing? —Only once. A. have; been B. have; gone C. did; go D. were; going 14. They ______ the museum and will be back soon. A. have gone to B. have been to C. went to D. go to 15. My mother ______ in this school for 20 years. A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. will teach 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. I ______ (not see) my aunt for a long time. 2. Tom ______ (live) here since 2015. 3. We ______ (finish) our homework already. Let's go out to play. 4. ______ she ______ (visit) the Great Wall before? 5. His father ______ (leave) for Shanghai. He will be back next week. 6. The children ______ (read) the book twice. 7. How long ______ you ______ (know) each other? 8. My sister ______ (join) the Party two years ago. She ______ (be) a Party member for two years. 9. The old man ______ (die) for ten years. 10. I ______ (buy) the bike for a month. 11. They ______ (not hear) from their son yet. 12. She ______ (work) in the factory since 2010. 13. ______ you ever ______ (eat) Beijing Duck? 14. He ______ (come) to China three years ago. He ______ (be) in China for three years. 15. The film ______ (start) for ten minutes. 三、句型转换 1. He has already finished his homework.（变否定句） _____________________________________________________________________ 2. They have already seen the film.（变一般疑问句） _____________________________________________________________________ 3.She hasn't cleaned her room yet. （变肯定句） _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Tom has already finished the project.（划线部分提问） _____________________________________________________________________ 5.He joined the army two years ago. （转换成现在完成时） _____________________________________________________________________ 6.I lost my key yesterday. （转换成现在完成时） _____________________________________________________________________ 7.The dog died a week ago. （转换成现在完成时） _____________________________________________________________________ 答案： 一、单项选择 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. C 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. haven't seen 2. has lived 3. have finished 4. Has; visited 5. has left 6. have read 7. have; known 8. joined; has been 9. has been dead 10. have had 11. haven't heard 12. has worked 13. Have; eaten 14. came; has been 15. has been on 三、句型转换 1. He hasn't finished his homework yet. 2. Have they seen the film yet? 3. She has already cleaned her room. 4. What has Tom done? 5. He has been in the army for two years. 6. I have lost my key. 7. The dog has been dead for a week. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$