Unit 5 Languages Around the World（重难词汇精练）英语人教版2019必修第一册

Unit 5 Languages Around the World重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 1 题型三、重点单词 2 题型四、单句语法填空 2 题型五、单词拼写 5 题型六、完成句子 6 综合攻坚·能力跃升 7 题型一、语篇语法填空 7 题型二、应用文写作 10 题型一、词性转换 1．reference n．指称关系；参考→refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于 2．based adj.以(某事)为基础的→base vt.以……为基础 n．底部；根据→basis n．基础→basic adj.基础的 3．variety n．异体；多样化→vary v．变化；不同→various adj.各种各样的 4．major adj.主要的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修→majority n．大多数 5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globe n．地球；地球仪 6．appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；领会→appreciation n．感激；欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的 7．beg vt.恳求；祈求→beggar n．乞丐 8．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等 9．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要→demanding adj.要求高的 10．description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述 11．relate vt.联系；讲述→related adj.相关的→relation n．关系→relationship n．关系12．length n．长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长 题型二、核心短语 1．refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅 2．ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3．date back (to...)追溯到 4．no matter where，who，what，etc.不论……；不管…… 5．point of view观点；看法 6．relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到 题型三、重点单词 1．billion n．十亿 2．native adj.本地的 n．本地人 3．attitude n．态度；看法 4．system n．体系；制度；系统 5．despite prep.即使；尽管 6．factor n．因素；要素 7．means n．方式；方法；途径 8．classic adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著 9．regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待 10．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 11．calligraphy n．书法；书法艺术 12．affair n．公共事务；事件；关系 13．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 14．gas n．汽油；气体；燃气 15．petrol n．(NAmE gas)汽油 题型四、单句语法填空 1．The village my grandfather lived is now a tourist spot. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：我祖父曾经居住过的那个村庄现在成了旅游景点。分析句子可知，“my grandfather lived”是定语从句，修饰先行词“The village”，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 2．The city has a (vary) of good stores and supermarkets. 【答案】variety 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这个城市有各种各样不错的商店和超市。a variety of是固定短语，意为“各种各样的”，这里vary的名词形式variety。故填variety。 3．I like the film (base) on historical facts. 【答案】based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢这部基于历史事实的电影。句中已有谓语动词“like”，空格处需用非谓语动词修饰名词film，film与base之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词based作后置定语。故填based。 4．You should keep the book well for future (refer)． 【答案】reference 【详解】考查名词。句意：你应该把这本书好好保存，以备将来参考。本空作介词for的宾语，用名词 reference“参考”。故填reference。 5．Scientists have a fairly negative attitude the theory. 【答案】to/towards 【详解】考查介词。句意：科学家们对这个理论持相当消极的态度。attitude to/towards... 是固定搭配，意为 “对…… 的态度” 。故填 to/towards。 6．Death rates are down for many cancers in the US. But (global) the disease is rising. 【答案】globally 【详解】考查副词。句意：在美国，许多癌症的死亡率已经下降。但就全球范围而言，这种疾病却呈上升趋势。空格处修饰下文的句子作状语，应该用副词形式globally。故填globally。 7．The reason he failed the test is lack of practice. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他考试不及格的原因是缺乏练习。“________ he failed the test”是定语从句，先行词为The reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导该定语从句。故填why。 8．We seek to improve (relate) between our two countries. 【答案】relations 【解析】略 9．I would like to express my (appreciate) and thanks to you all. 【答案】appreciation 【解析】略 10．The great (major) of people seem to agree with this view. 【答案】majority 【解析】略 11．The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and (civilize). 【答案】civilisation/civilization 【解析】略 12．The first quality of literature is its (describe) of truth and beauty. 【答案】description 【详解】考查名词。句意：文学的首要品质是对真善美的描绘。空处用于形容词性物主代词its之后，应用名词description，表示“描述”，此处为不可数名词，作表语。故填description。 13．Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up date with modern technology. 【答案】to 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：每个人都应该不断接受教育，以便与现代技术保持同步。 be up to date with“与……保持同步”为固定短语。故填to。 14．The teacher demanded that we (struggle) to achieve our goals. 【答案】(should) struggle 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师要求我们努力实现我们的目标。动词demand后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”；本题中“that we ______ (struggle) to achieve our goals”是demanded后宾语从句，谓语动词“struggle (奋斗，努力)”应使用虚拟语气，即(should) struggle。故填(should) struggle。 15．I would really appreciate if you could inform me of which Chinese culture attracts foreigners like you most. 【答案】it 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：如果你能告诉我中国的哪些文化最吸引像你这样的外国人，我将不胜感激。I would appreciate it if...是固定句型，意为“如果……我将不胜感激”，用于表达礼貌的请求或希望。故填it。 16．The old man’s voice was shaking, all his efforts to control it. 【答案】despite 【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管竭力控制，老人的声音还是有些颤抖。空后是名词短语，此处表示“尽管”，应用介词despite，故填despite。 17．The following simple experiment is used (separate) different liquids. 【答案】to separate 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：下面的简单实验用于分离不同的液体。本句谓语为is used，此处为非谓语动词，be used to do sth.“被用于做某事”，本空用separate“分离”的不定式，故填to separate。 18．Walking in the street, I often see (beg) in rags. 【答案】beggars 【详解】考查名词。句意：走在街上，我经常看到衣衫褴褛的乞丐。此处作宾语，应用名词“beggar乞丐”，表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，故此处应用名词的复数形式作宾语，故填beggars。 19．I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major the gardening after attending college. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：我希望获得更多的园艺知识，以便在大学毕业后能帮助我主修园艺。major in“主修”为固定短语。故填in。 20．‘Harry Potter’ is one of the (classic) written by J.K Rowling. 【答案】classics 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：“哈利·波特”是J.K.罗琳所写的经典作品之一。classic在这里用作名词，指“经典作品”，由于在one of后表述“……之一”，需要用名词复数形式。故填classics。 题型五、单词拼写 1．Curiously, the (拼搏) to survival has greatly improved her health. 【答案】struggle 【详解】考查名词。句意：奇怪的是，生存的拼搏大大改善了她的健康状况。根据汉语提示“拼搏”可知，空格处涉及单词“struggle”，意为“拼搏”，为不可数名词，作主语。故填struggle。 2．John’s smart home (系统) allows him to control lighting, temperature and security cameras with just his voice or smartphone. 【答案】system 【详解】考查名词。句意：约翰的智能家居系统让他仅通过语音或智能手机就能控制灯光、温度和监控摄像头。“系统”作主语，用可数名词system，结合语境和谓语动词“allows”可知，这里指约翰的一个智能家居系统，用单数形式。故填system。 3．The teacher made sure all students received (同等的)attention and support in the classroom. 【答案】equal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：老师确保所有学生在课堂上都能得到同等的关注和支持。“同等的”为equal，作定语。故填equal。 4．The government ordered an independent inquiry into the (事件). 【答案】affair 【详解】考查名词。句意：政府下令对此事进行独立调查。句中用名词作宾语。名词“事件”英文为affair，特指，用名词的单数形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填affair。 5．As China plays a greater role in (全球的) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history. 【答案】global 【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大作用，越来越多的国际学生开始欣赏中国的文化和历史。affairs（事务）为名词，需要用形容词来修饰，global意思是“全球的”，符合语境，故填global。 6．There are certain (因素) I must consider on my new invention. 【答案】factors 【详解】考查名词。句意：关于我的新发明，有一些特定的因素我必须考虑。“因素”为“factor”，根据“are”可知，用复数factors作主语。故填factors。 7．This is an animal that is (特有的) to this part of Africa. 【答案】specific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这是非洲这一地区特有的动物。根据汉语提示“特有的”可知，空格处应用单词“specific”，意为“特有的”，为形容词，作表语。故填specific。 8．I find it difficult to (联系) the two ideas together. 【答案】relate 【详解】考查动词。句意：我发现很难将这两个想法联系起来。根据汉语提示“联系”可知，此处用动词relate，位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形。故填relate。 9．The scenery of the West Lake is beautiful beyond (形容). 【答案】description 【详解】考查名词。句意：西湖的景色美得无法形容。中文提示是“形容”，对应英文名词description。beyond description是固定搭配，意为“无法形容”。故填description。 10．She made no (提及) to her illness but only to her future plans in the letter to her close friends. 【答案】reference 【详解】考查名词。句意：在给亲密朋友的信中，她没有提到自己的病情，只提到了她未来的计划。根据汉语提示可知用名词reference，作宾语。故填reference。 题型六、完成句子 1．他昨天在会上讲话时总是参考讲稿。 He always his draft while making the speech at the meeting yesterday. 【答案】referred to 【详解】考查固定短语和一般过去时。分析句子成分可知，句中缺少谓语。又对比中英文句子，空处应填入表达“参考”之意的动词或动词短语，可使用refer to，且句中有明确的时间状语yesterday，因此应用一般过去时，refer的过去式为referred。故填referred to。 2．她积极的生活态度和耐心对我有着很大的影响。 Her and patience have a great influence me. 【答案】 positive attitude towards life on 【详解】考查名词短语和介词。句意：她积极的生活态度和耐心对我有着很大的影响。根据汉语提示，“积极的生活态度”可翻译为positive attitude towards life，其中 positive 为形容词“积极的”，attitude为名词“态度”，towards 为介词“对于”，life 为名词“生活”；“对……有影响”为固定搭配have a great influence on。故填positive；attitude；towards；life；on。 3．Does each sentence the main idea? 每一句话都和主旨大意相关吗？ 【答案】relate to 【详解】考查动词短语。“与…… 相关” 常见表达为 relate to，此句为一般现在时的一般疑问句，句首有助动词Does ，谓语动词用原形。故填relate to 。 4．不幸的是，洪水冲毁了这座历史追溯回清朝的建筑。 Unfortunately, the flood destroyed the building the Qing Dynasty. 【答案】 dating back to 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“追溯”短语为date back to，该短语没有被动形式，故用现在分词作定语。故填dating back to。 5．The process of creating a masterpiece is often marked by , yet every breakthrough moment . 创作一部杰作的过程常常经历波折，但每一次突破的时刻都充满了喜悦与希望。 【答案】 ups and downs is filled with joy and hope 【详解】考查短语和时态。第一空表示“波折”可用ups and downs；第二空表示“充满”短语为be filled with；表示“喜悦与希望”为joy and hope；根据上文often可知为一般现在时，故填①ups and downs；②is filled with joy and hope。 6．使之成为可能的原因有很多，但其中一个主要因素是汉字的书写体系。 There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the has been the Chinese writing system. 【答案】 main/major/key factors 【详解】考查形容词和名词。“主要的”用形容词main/major/key表示；“因素”用名词factor，根据空格前的one of the可知，factor应该用复数形式。故填main/major/key；factors。 7．好朋友就是你能与之分享快乐和悲伤的人。（定语从句） A good friend is someone . 【答案】with whom you can share your sorrow/ sadness and happiness/ joy 【详解】考查定语从句。“你可以与某人分享快乐和悲伤”翻译为you can share your sorrow/ sadness and happiness/ joy with someone，空格处用定语从句表示，对先行词someone进行限定说明，先行词someone在从句中作介词with的宾语，所以应该用关系代词whom代替先行词在从句中作宾语。故填with whom you can share your sorrow/ sadness and happiness/ joy。 8．即使在今天，不论住在哪里，中国人都仍能通过书写（文字）进行交流。 Even today, Chinese people live, they can all still communicate in writing. 【答案】 no matter where 【详解】考查状语从句。“不论住在哪里”是让步状语从句，可用连词no matter where引导该从句。故填①no②matter③where。 9．如果你能给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。(appreciate) I if you could give me some advice. 【答案】would appreciate it 【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，此处为固定句型I would appreciate it if…“如果……我将不胜感激”，该句型中，it作形式宾语。故填would appreciate it。 10． helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk. 收听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语人士的语速。 【答案】Listening to English radio programmes 【详解】考查动名词短语。表示“收听”用“listen to”；表示“英语广播节目”用“English radio programmes”。空处作主语，应用动名词形式，表示一种行为、动作或活动，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Listening to English radio programmes。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （24-25高一上·云南曲靖·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One of the main reasons 1 China’s ancient civilization has continued all the way through into modern times has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language, which 2 (date) back several thousand years to the use of longgu. Symbols 3 (carve) on animal bones and shells by ancient Chinese people. Over the years, there was 4 time when people were divided geographically, 5 (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major 6 (state) into one unified country, making the Chinese writing system begin to develop in one direction. It was 7 great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. People in modern times can read the classic works 8 (write) by Chinese in ancient times. Nowadays, Chinese calligraphy has become an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in 9 (globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 10 (appreciate) China’s culture and history. 【答案】 1．why 2．dates 3．were carved 4．a 5．leading 6．states 7．of 8．written 9．global 10．to appreciate 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国书写系统的演变及其对中华文明延续的重要性，以及它在现代文化交流中的作用。 1．考查定语从句。句意：中国古代文明一直延续到现代的主要原因之一是中国的书写系统。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，且在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。 2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：起初，书面汉语是一种基于图画的语言，它的历史可以追溯到几千年龙骨的使用。date back是固定短语，意为“追溯到”，无被动语态，这里描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语which指代written Chinese，是单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式dates。故填dates。 3．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：古代中国人把符号刻在动物的骨头和贝壳上。根据后文by ancient Chinese people可知，事情发生在过去，且Symbols和carve之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语symbols为复数形式，be动词应用were。故填were carved。 4．考查冠词。句意：多年来，曾有一段时间，人们在地域上被分割开来，导致了许多方言和文字的产生。此处泛指“一段时间”，应用不定冠词a修饰，there was a time when...意思是“曾有一段时间……”。故填a。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，曾有一段时间，人们在地域上被分割开来，导致了许多方言和文字的产生。lead在句中应用非谓语动词形式，句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用lead的现在分词形式。故填leading。 6．考查名词复数。句意：秦始皇把七个主要的国家统一成一个国家，使中国的书写体系开始向一个方向发展。state意为“国家”，是可数名词，根据上文seven major可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填states。 7．考查介词。句意：它在团结中国人民和文化方面具有重要意义。根据上文It was可知，此处为固定短语“be of+抽象名词”相当于“be+该抽象名词对应的形容词”，表示“具有某种性质”，be of great importance相当于be very important。故填of。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典作品。write在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语works构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填written。 9．考查形容词。句意：如今，随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始学习汉语来欣赏中国的文化和历史。空处修饰名词affairs，应用形容词global“全球的”作定语。故填global。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始学习汉语来欣赏中国的文化和历史。appreciate在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to appreciate。 （24-25高一上·贵州毕节·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Han people (汉族) have its own spoken and written language—Chinese. It is the most commonly used language in China and among the largest languages in the world. One possibility is that written Chinese came out in 1 (it) earliest form about 6,000years ago. The Chinese characters today, also 2 (call) “Hanzi”, develop from those used on bones and tortoiseshell (龟甲) more than 3,000 years ago. It’s said that there are more than 80,000 characters, of 3 only about 3,500 are in common use. The Chinese character is a type of character that shows great 4 (creative). Mandarin (普通话) is a kind of Chinese dialect spoken across most of 5 (north) China. The term “Mandarin” can also refer 6 Standard Mandarin, which 7 (base) on the Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing. It is 8 (official) regarded as the standard for the People’s Republic of China. Why do most non-Chinese speakers choose 9 (learn) Standard Mandarin? Because they are aware of the importance of Mandarin. Mandarin is understood by most Chinese people. As mentioned above, it is China’s national language. Whether you are interested in basic communication, scholarly research, or you are searching for a career in China, Standard Mandarin is 10 necessary tool for communication. And it often serves as a bridge for communication. 【答案】 1．its 2．called 3．which 4．creativity 5．northern 6．to 7．is based 8．officially 9．to learn 10．a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了汉语（包括汉字和普通话）的起源、特点及其在中华人民共和国的地位，并阐述了大多数非中文母语者选择学习普通话的原因。 1．考查代词。句意：有一种可能是，书面汉语在大约6000年前就有了它最早的形式。此处指“它（汉语）的最早形式”，应用形容词性物主代词its修饰earliest form。故填its。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天的汉字，也被称为“Hanzi”，是从3000多年前刻在骨头和龟甲上的文字发展而来的。句中develop为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。call与逻辑主语The Chinese characters构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填called。 3．考查定语从句。句意：据说有8万多字，其中只有3500字是常用的。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词characters，先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，指物，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4．考查名词。句意：汉字是一种极具创造力的文字。根据上文great为形容词，修饰名词，故此处应用名词creativity，作宾语。故填creativity。 5．考查形容词。句意：普通话是一种在中国北方大部分地区使用的汉语方言。此处修饰名词China应用形容词northern，作定语。故填northern。 6．考查介词。句意：“普通话”一词也可以指标准普通话，它是以北京话为基础的。结合句意表示“指”可知短语为refer to。故填to。 7．考查动词时态和语态。句意：“普通话”一词也可以指标准普通话，它是以北京话为基础的。此处描述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为which，指代Standard Mandarin，与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，助动词用is。故填is based。 8．考查副词。句意：它已被正式确立为中华人民共和国的标准。修饰动词regard应用副词officially，作状语。故填officially。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：为什么大多数非中文母语者选择学习标准普通话？分析句子结构可知choose在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处表示“选择做某事”短语为choose to do sth.。故填to learn。 10．考查冠词。句意：无论你是对基本交流、学术研究感兴趣，还是在中国寻找职业，标准普通话都是一种必要的交流工具。tool为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且necessary是辅音音素开头的单词，故应用a。故填a。 题型二、应用文写作 1．（24-25高一上·山东潍坊·期末）假定你是李华，在英语单词记忆中遇到困难，请你给外教Michael写封邮件寻求帮助。 内容包括： 1. 你的问题： 2. 寻求建议： 3. 表达期望。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右： 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Michael, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, LiHua 【答案】Dear Michael. I’m Li Hua. I’m writing to ask you a favour because I’m having trouble in remembering English words. At present, I find it extremely difficult to remember new words. I often forget them soon after memorizing them. Besides, so confusing are they that I really don’t know how to tell them apart, which troubles me a lot. I wonder if you could give me some useful advice on how to improve the ability to memorize words. For example, are there any effective methods or techniques? I really hope that with your help, I can overcome the difficulty and make great progress in my English study. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Michael写封邮件，就在英语单词记忆中遇到困难寻求帮助。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 请某人帮个忙：ask sb. a favour → ask sb. for help 做某事有困难：have trouble in doing sth. → have difficulty in doing sth. 是否：if → whether 建议：advice → suggestion 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Besides, so confusing are they that I really don’t know how to tell them apart, which troubles me a lot. 拓展句：Besides, because they are so confusing, I really don’t know how to tell them apart, which troubles me a lot. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m writing to ask you a favour because I’m having trouble in remembering English words.(运用了because引导的原因状语从句) 【高分句型2】Besides, so confusing are they that I really don’t know how to tell them apart, which troubles me a lot. (运用了so...that...引导的结果状语从句、so...置于句首引起的部分倒装、which引导的定语从句) 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Languages Around the World重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、词性转换 1 题型二、核心短语 1 题型三、重点单词 2 题型四、单句语法填空 2 题型五、单词拼写 3 题型六、完成句子 3 综合攻坚·能力跃升 4 题型一、语篇语法填空 4 题型二、应用文写作 5 题型一、词性转换 1．reference n．指称关系；参考→ vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于 2．based adj.以(某事)为基础的→ vt.以……为基础 n．底部；根据→ n．基础→ adj.基础的 3．variety n．异体；多样化→ v．变化；不同→ adj.各种各样的 4．major adj.主要的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修→ n．大多数 5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→ n．地球；地球仪 6．appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；领会→ n．感激；欣赏→ adj.感激的 7．beg vt.恳求；祈求→ n．乞丐 8．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→ adv.平等地→ n．平等 9．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要→ adj.要求高的 10．description n．描写(文字)；形容→ vt.描述 11．relate vt.联系；讲述→ adj.相关的→ n．关系→ n．关系 题型二、核心短语 1．refer to 2．ups and downs 3．date back (to...) 4．no matter where，who，what，etc. 5．point of view 6．relate to 题型三、重点单词 1． n．十亿 2． adj.本地的 n．本地人 3． n．态度；看法 4． n．体系；制度；系统 5． prep.即使；尽管 6． n．因素；要素 7． n．方式；方法；途径 8． adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著 9． n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待 10． n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 11． n．书法；书法艺术 12． n．公共事务；事件；关系 13． n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 14． n．汽油；气体；燃气 15． n．(NAmE gas)汽油 题型四、单句语法填空 1．The village my grandfather lived is now a tourist spot. 2．The city has a (vary) of good stores and supermarkets. 3．I like the film (base) on historical facts. 4．You should keep the book well for future (refer)． 5．Scientists have a fairly negative attitude the theory. 6．Death rates are down for many cancers in the US. But (global) the disease is rising. 7．The reason he failed the test is lack of practice. 8．We seek to improve (relate) between our two countries. 9．I would like to express my (appreciate) and thanks to you all. 10．The great (major) of people seem to agree with this view. 11．The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and (civilize). 12．The first quality of literature is its (describe) of truth and beauty. 13．Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up date with modern technology. 14．The teacher demanded that we (struggle) to achieve our goals. 15．I would really appreciate if you could inform me of which Chinese culture attracts foreigners like you most. 16．The old man’s voice was shaking, all his efforts to control it. 17．The following simple experiment is used (separate) different liquids. 18．Walking in the street, I often see (beg) in rags. 19．I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major the gardening after attending college. 20．‘Harry Potter’ is one of the (classic) written by J.K Rowling. 题型五、单词拼写 1．Curiously, the (拼搏) to survival has greatly improved her health. 2．John’s smart home (系统) allows him to control lighting, temperature and security cameras with just his voice or smartphone. 3．The teacher made sure all students received (同等的)attention and support in the classroom. 4．The government ordered an independent inquiry into the (事件). 5．As China plays a greater role in (全球的) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history. 6．There are certain (因素) I must consider on my new invention. 7．This is an animal that is (特有的) to this part of Africa. 8．I find it difficult to (联系) the two ideas together. 9．The scenery of the West Lake is beautiful beyond (形容). 10．She made no (提及) to her illness but only to her future plans in the letter to her close friends. 题型六、完成句子 1．他昨天在会上讲话时总是参考讲稿。 He always his draft while making the speech at the meeting yesterday. 2．她积极的生活态度和耐心对我有着很大的影响。 Her and patience have a great influence me. 3．Does each sentence the main idea? 每一句话都和主旨大意相关吗？ 4．不幸的是，洪水冲毁了这座历史追溯回清朝的建筑。 Unfortunately, the flood destroyed the building the Qing Dynasty. 5．The process of creating a masterpiece is often marked by , yet every breakthrough moment . 创作一部杰作的过程常常经历波折，但每一次突破的时刻都充满了喜悦与希望。 6．使之成为可能的原因有很多，但其中一个主要因素是汉字的书写体系。 There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the has been the Chinese writing system. 7．好朋友就是你能与之分享快乐和悲伤的人。（定语从句） A good friend is someone . 8．即使在今天，不论住在哪里，中国人都仍能通过书写（文字）进行交流。 Even today, Chinese people live, they can all still communicate in writing. 9．如果你能给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。(appreciate) I if you could give me some advice. 10． helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk. 收听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语人士的语速。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （24-25高一上·云南曲靖·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One of the main reasons 1 China’s ancient civilization has continued all the way through into modern times has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language, which 2 (date) back several thousand years to the use of longgu. Symbols 3 (carve) on animal bones and shells by ancient Chinese people. Over the years, there was 4 time when people were divided geographically, 5 (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major 6 (state) into one unified country, making the Chinese writing system begin to develop in one direction. It was 7 great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. People in modern times can read the classic works 8 (write) by Chinese in ancient times. Nowadays, Chinese calligraphy has become an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in 9 (globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 10 (appreciate) China’s culture and history. （24-25高一上·贵州毕节·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Han people (汉族) have its own spoken and written language—Chinese. It is the most commonly used language in China and among the largest languages in the world. One possibility is that written Chinese came out in 1 (it) earliest form about 6,000years ago. The Chinese characters today, also 2 (call) “Hanzi”, develop from those used on bones and tortoiseshell (龟甲) more than 3,000 years ago. It’s said that there are more than 80,000 characters, of 3 only about 3,500 are in common use. The Chinese character is a type of character that shows great 4 (creative). Mandarin (普通话) is a kind of Chinese dialect spoken across most of 5 (north) China. The term “Mandarin” can also refer 6 Standard Mandarin, which 7 (base) on the Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing. It is 8 (official) regarded as the standard for the People’s Republic of China. Why do most non-Chinese speakers choose 9 (learn) Standard Mandarin? Because they are aware of the importance of Mandarin. Mandarin is understood by most Chinese people. As mentioned above, it is China’s national language. Whether you are interested in basic communication, scholarly research, or you are searching for a career in China, Standard Mandarin is 10 necessary tool for communication. And it often serves as a bridge for communication. 题型二、应用文写作 1．（24-25高一上·山东潍坊·期末）假定你是李华，在英语单词记忆中遇到困难，请你给外教Michael写封邮件寻求帮助。 内容包括： 1. 你的问题： 2. 寻求建议： 3. 表达期望。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右： 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Michael, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, LiHua 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$