专题05 读后续写 流畅衔接（课件）-2026年高考英语复习写作系列

专题5 高考英语读后续写 流畅衔接 读后续写评分标准中提出“自然有效地使用了段落间、语句间衔接手段，全文结构清晰，前后呼应，意义连贯”。这不仅提及了句与句间的衔接，也对文章整体的连贯性做出了要求。高考英语读后续写中，“流畅衔接”是评分的关键要素之一，要求情节连贯、逻辑自然、语言流畅。使用合适的衔接手法，可以保证文段意义上的连贯性、句子上的流畅性及行文的变化性。本节将讲解常见的连接手法，以帮助大家写出更流畅的文章。 一、指代清晰：避免人称/事物混淆 技巧：用代词（he/she/it/they）、同义替换或定语从句明确指代。   指代不清的典型问题（高考常见扣分点）： 1.人称指代模糊 Emma passed the note to Sophia. She blushed. （无法判断是Emma还是Sophia脸红） 2. 事物指代混乱 He picked up the box and the apple. It was heavy. （无法判断是盒子还是苹果重） 3. 远距离指代（代词与前文名词间隔超过2句） 第一段：The villagers built a bridge... 第二段：They were proud of it. （they可能被误认为其他群体） 四大指代清晰技巧 1. 定语从句明确指代 【适用场景】当需要重复前文名词时 【公式】主句动作 + 名词 + that/which/who + 描述 高考例句： 原文：A girl was crying. The girl wore a red scarf. 优化：The girl who wore a red scarf was crying. 续写应用：He found the map that had been hidden under the pillow. 优势：避免重复名词，同时保持逻辑紧密。 2. 代词+特征复现 【适用场景】用代词指代时，需在代词后补充特征词 【公式】代词 (it/they等) + 特征动作/形容词 高考例句： 前文：Jenny held a porcelain doll with blue eyes. 续写：It stared at her with those unblinking blue eyes. （“it”指代明确，因后文复现“blue eyes”特征） 3. 同义替换策略 【适用场景】避免重复但需保持指代明确 【替换原则】具体名词 → 上位词/特征词 高考模拟题示例： 前文：The wolf pup whined pitifully. 续写：The small creature curled into a ball. （用“creature”作为“wolf pup”的上位词） 常用替换链： dog → the animal → the furry friend book → the novel → the leather-bound volume 4. 动作链指代法 【适用场景】连续动作描写时 【公式】主语 + 动作1 + 动作2（隐含指代） 例句： 不推荐：Tom grabbed the rope. It was frayed. 优化：Tom grabbed the frayed rope, twisting it around his wrist. （通过动作链自然承接，避免单独用代词） 高考易错点突破 1. 群体指代陷阱 错误示范： The team cheered for the coach. They were excited. （they可能被误解为教练团队） 修正方案： 【方案1】The team, excited, cheered for the coach. 【方案2】The players cheered for the coach, their faces alight with excitement. 2. 多物体指代混淆 错误示范： She placed the necklace beside the ring. It sparkled. （无法判断是项链还是戒指发光） 修正方案： 特征复现：The silver necklace sparkled beside the ring. 动作关联：As she placed the necklace down, its gemstones caught the light. 3. 跨段落指代风险 安全策略： 每段开头先用名词，再用代词 超过3句间隔时，重复关键名词 示例： 第一段尾句：...the ancient oak door creaked open. 第二段首句：The door, though weathered, still bore intricate carvings. 二、词汇替换技巧详解：避免重复表达 【核心原则】在英语写作中，避免重复使用相同词汇是提升语言质量的关键。通过同义词替换和上位词/下位词转换，可以使文章更生动、表达更丰富。 1. 同义词替换 原词 替换词 适用场景 happy run cry look delighted (高兴的), overjoyed (狂喜的), cheerful (愉快的), content (满足的) rush (匆忙跑), dash (冲刺), sprint (短跑), jog (慢跑) sob (啜泣), whimper (呜咽), weep (哭泣), burst into tears (突然大哭) glance (瞥一眼), stare (凝视), gaze (注视), peek (偷看) delighted适合正式场合，overjoyed程度更强 根据跑步速度和目的选择 sob是有声音的哭，whimper是小声抽泣 根据看的时长和方式选择 2. 上下义词转换 上位词→下位词（具体化）： 【前文】The storm grew stronger. 【续写】The howling wind tore at their clothes. (用wind具体表现storm的特征) 下位词→上位词（概括化）： 【前文】She was arranging roses, tulips and lilies in a vase. 【续写】The flowers gave the room a fresh fragrance. 高考适用例句分析 1.原句：The teacher was happy with our performance. 【改写】The teacher was delighted/content with our performance. 【解析】用delighted替换happy，程度相似但避免了重复 2.原句：He ran to catch the bus. 【改写】He dashed/rushed to catch the bus. 【解析】dash/rush更能体现紧急状态下的跑动 3.原句：The child cried when he fell down. 【改写】The child sobbed/whimpered when he fell down. 【解析】sob/whimper更准确地描述跌倒后的哭声 4.原句：She looked at the beautiful painting. 【改写】She gazed at the beautiful painting. 【解析】gaze表示长时间专注地看，适合描述看画的情景 高级替换技巧 短语替换单词： 原词：happy → in high spirits, over the moon 原词：run → hurry off, make a dash for 词性转换： 原句：The explanation was clear. 改写：The explanation provided clarity. 比喻替换： 原句：He was very angry. 改写：He was boiling with rage. 一、画出下列句子中加粗词的下义词。 1. Portia looked around the huge courtroom. Shylock seemed to be enjoying his day in court. 2. Not until I saw his delicate, doll-like hands did I realize that he stood a full head shorter than most other men. 3. Pneumonia has arrived with cold and wet conditions. The illness is striking everyone, from infants to the elderly. 4. Mental factors affected his health conditions a great deal as he went through years of anger, suspicion and anxiety. 5. Most of the rats follow a routine pattern, strolling up and down the aisles, checking through my chute, and then escaping through the exit hatch. 练习 courtroom doll-like Pneumonia anger, suspicion and anxiety strolling up and down the aisles, checking through my chute, and then escaping through the exit hatch 二、画出下列句子中的近义词。 1. The award is more of an encouragement for intentions than a reward for achievements. 2. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay. 3. The party commenced at Tom’s house, but from the moment it began it was clear that all was not well. 4. Enthusiasm is the key to success. But using that passion to help others is the key to happiness. 5. Her aim in learning ballet was not only to master dance itself. She has her own definite purpose. award → reward voyage → passage commenced → began Enthusiasm → passion aim → purpose （一）逻辑连接词详解 递进关系（强调后句比前句程度更深） What’s worse...（更糟的是） 【例句】The car broke down in the desert. What’s worse, our mobile phones had no signal. 【解析】用what’s worse强调手机没信号，比汽车抛锚更严重 To make matters worse...（使情况更糟的是） 【例句】I forgot my presentation notes. To make matters worse, the projector suddenly malfunctioned. 【解析】投影仪故障比忘带笔记更影响演示效果 三. 语义逻辑关联   技巧：用逻辑连接词体现递进、转折、并列。 2.转折关系（前后语义对立） But just then...（但就在这时） 【例句】I was about to give up. But just then, a brilliant idea occurred to me. 【解析】生动表现“放弃”和“灵感到来”的戏剧性转折 Unexpectedly...（出乎意料的是） 【例句】We planned a picnic. Unexpectedly, it began to pour when we arrived. 【解析】突出计划与现实的强烈反差 3.并列关系（同时发生的动作/状态） Meanwhile...（与此同时） 【例句】Mom was cooking in the kitchen. Meanwhile, I was setting the table in the dining room. 【解析】清晰展现两个同时进行的场景 As well as...（以及） 【例句】The museum displays ancient artifacts as well as modern artworks. 【解析】并列两种展品，比用and更正式 （二）高考应用技巧 避免重复使用同一个逻辑词，比如连续使用三个but。 例句升级对比： 【原句】I was tired. I kept working. 【升级】Exhausted as I was, I kept working. Meanwhile, my classmates were already taking a break. （使用as让步状语从句+Meanwhile并列，句式更丰富） 【高分句型】 Just as we were leaving, unexpectedly, the phone rang. To make matters worse, it was our teacher calling about the unfinished homework. （组合使用just as / unexpectedly / to make matters worse，形成完整叙事链） （三）常见错误提醒 1.However不能直接连接两个句子，必须用分号或另起句： ✗ I was hungry however I had no money. ✓ I was hungry. However, I had no money. 2.Meanwhile作为副词使用时，通常置于句首或句尾： ✓ Meanwhile, the situation was getting worse. ✓ The situation was getting worse meanwhile. 3. Because / So 或 Although / But 重复使用 【错误】在英语中，because和so、although和but不能同时出现在一个句子里（一个从句只能有一个逻辑连接词）。 ✗ Because it rained, so we canceled the picnic. ✓ It rained, so we canceled the picnic. ✓ Because it rained, we canceled the picnic. ✗ Although he was tired, but he kept working. ✓ Although he was tired, he kept working. ✓ He was tired, but he kept working. 2. Therefore / However 的标点错误 【错误】therefore / however 作为副词时，不能像连词（and/but）那样直接连接两个句子，必须用分号或另起一句。 ✗ I was late therefore I missed the bus. ✓ I was late; therefore, I missed the bus. ✓ I was late. Therefore, I missed the bus. ✗ She studied hard however she failed the exam. ✓ She studied hard; however, she failed the exam. ✓ She studied hard. However, she failed the exam. 3. On the other hand 滥用 【错误】on the other hand（另一方面）必须和 on the one hand（一方面）搭配使用，单独使用会显得突兀。 ✗ The city is noisy. On the other hand, it has good job opportunities. ✓ On the one hand, the city is noisy. On the other hand, it has good job opportunities. ✓ The city is noisy, but it has good job opportunities. （更自然） 4. While / Whereas 误用 【错误】while / whereas（而，表示对比）不能替代 although（尽管）。 ✗ While he was tired, he finished the work. （这里应该用 Although） ✓ Although he was tired, he finished the work. ✓ He likes coffee, while she prefers tea. （正确对比用法） 5. In addition / Besides 混淆 【错误】in addition（此外，正式）和 besides（而且，口语化）不能完全互换，高考写作建议用 in addition 更正式。 ✗ Besides, we should consider the cost. （口语化，高考慎用） ✓ In addition, we should consider the cost. （更正式） 6. As a result / So that 混淆 【错误】as a result（因此，表结果）和 so that（以便，表目的）不能混用。 ✗ He studied hard so that he got a high score. （错误，这里应该用 as a result） ✓ He studied hard, so that he could get a high score. （表目的，正确） ✓ He studied hard, and as a result, he got a high score. （表结果，正确） 7. For example / Such as 误用 【错误】for example 后面要接完整句子或独立例子，such as 后面接名词或短语。 ✗ I like fruits, for example apples and bananas. （错误，for example 不能直接接名词） ✓ I like fruits, such as apples and bananas. ✓ I like fruits. For example, I eat an apple every day. （接完整句子） 【总结】高考写作逻辑词黄金法则 一个句子只能有一个主要逻辑连接词（避免 because…so… / although…but…）。 However / Therefore 不能直接连接两个句子，必须用分号或另起一句。 正式写作多用 in addition / as a result，少用 besides / so。 对比用 while / whereas，让步用 although / even though，不要混淆。 举例时，such as 接名词，for example 接句子。 四、时间动作衔接   技巧：用时间状语或动词链让动作连贯。   1. 原句结构与逐层拆解 句子：→ Hearing the thunder, he closed the window and lit a candle. （1）语法分析 Hearing the thunder：现在分词短语作时间状语（= When he heard the thunder），表示主句动作发生的背景或条件。 高考加分点：用分词替代从句，句式更简洁（避免When he heard...的冗余）。 注意：分词的逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致（此处he既能hear，也能close和light）。 closed... and lit...：并列谓语动词（过去时），通过and连接，体现动作的连续性。 评分关键：动词链必须符合时间顺序（听到→关窗→点蜡烛），不可颠倒。 （2）动作逻辑 因果性：雷声（因）→ 关窗（防雨/风）→ 点蜡烛（可能因断电或昏暗）。 连贯性：三个动作一气呵成，体现“紧急情境”下的快速反应，符合高考记叙文对“生动性”的要求。   2. 高考评分细则对标 （1）语言简洁性（满分5分） 分词结构（Hearing...）比从句（When he heard...）更高级，能拿满“句式多样性”分数。 并列动词（closed and lit）直接呈现动作，避免冗长修饰（如in order to prevent the rain）。 （2）逻辑连贯性（满分3分） 若动作顺序不合理（如先点蜡烛再关窗），扣1分。 若添加无关细节（如"he was scared"），可能分散焦点，扣0.5分。 （3）词汇准确性（满分2分） light a candle是固定搭配，若误用fire a candle（错误表达）扣1分。 3. 句式优化对比（高分 vs 低分） 【高分范例】 （1）倒装句+分词： → No sooner had he heard the thunder than he closed the window and lit a candle. (强调动作极快，倒装结构提升句式复杂度) （2）伴随状语细化： → Hearing the thunder roar, he sprang up, slammed the window shut, and hastily lit a candle. (添加拟声词roar、副词hastily，画面感更强) 【低分案例】 （1）逻辑错误： He lit a candle after closing the window when he heard the thunder. (动作顺序混乱，关窗和点蜡烛之间无明确因果关系) （2）冗余表达： Because he heard the thunder, so he closed the window, and then he lit a candle. (because ... so重复，且and then口语化，高考书面语中避免） 4. 高阶技巧补充 （1）感官动词升级 将普通动词hear替换为更生动的表达： → Catching the rumble of thunder, he... → Startled by the clap of thunder, he... （2）环境烘托 加入环境描写强化紧迫感： → As the storm growled outside, he flung the window closed and fumbled for a candle in the dark. （3）情感渗透 通过动作暗示心理状态 (避免直接说he was nervous)： → With hands slightly shaking, he managed to strike a match and light the candle. 5. 学生常见问题解答 Q：能否用Having heard the thunder开头？ A：可以，但Having heard强调动作已完成，适合后续动作有明显时间间隔的情况(如：Having heard the thunder, he decided to stay home)。原句动作连贯，用Hearing更自然。 Q：必须用and连接动词吗？ A：不一定，但and最保险。也可用分号或破折号： → Hearing the thunder—he closed the window; a match flared, lighting the candle. （更文学化，但高考慎用） 五、因果逻辑衔接详解 核心要求：在高考英语写作中，因果关系的表达必须清晰、自然，避免逻辑跳跃或中式英语（如滥用because...so...）。分词结构和逻辑连词是体现因果关系的两大核心手段。 （一）分词结构表原因（高级写法） 1. 基本结构 分词短语（原因） + 主句（结果） Hearing a loud noise, Tom turned around. （听到声音→转身） Not knowing the answer, she kept silent. （不知道答案→沉默） 2. 高考满分例句解析 原句：Seeing the blood, she froze. （看到血→僵住） 部分 语法作用 表达效果 Seeing the blood she froze 拆解 ： 现在分词短语作原因状语 强调"看到血"是"僵住"的直接原因 主句（结果） 用短句突出瞬间反应，画面感强 为什么高分？ ✅ 简洁：仅6个单词，比Because she saw the blood, she froze.更精炼。 ✅ 生动：分词Seeing使因果衔接更自然，符合英语母语表达习惯。 ✅ 符合高考评分：分词结构属于“高级语法”，能提升句式多样性得分。 3. 学生常见错误 ❌ 错误1：分词逻辑主语不一致 Seeing the blood, her face turned pale. （her face不能执行seeing的动作，应改为Seeing the blood, she turned pale.） ❌ 错误2：误用过去分词表主动 Shocked by the news, tears rolled down her face. （tears不能be shocked，应改为Shocked by the news, she burst into tears.） （二）连词表结果（基础但保险的写法） 1. 常用因果连词 连词 例句 适用场景 so therefore as a result The road was blocked, so they had to detour. 口语/书面通用 He forgot his key; therefore, he couldn’t enter. 正式写作 She trained hard; as a result, she won the race. 强调最终结果 2. 高考真题应用 原句：The fire spread quickly. Realizing the danger, they covered their mouths and crawled to the exit. 拆解： 第一句（因）：The fire spread quickly. （背景铺垫） 第二句（果）：Realizing the danger（分词表原因） they covered... and crawled...（主句表动作结果） 高分原因： ✅ 因果链清晰：火势蔓延 → 意识到危险 → 采取行动（捂嘴、爬行）。 ✅ 分词+连词结合：先用分词Realizing表直接原因，再用and连接连续动作。 （三）高考满分技巧总结 1. 分词结构优先（更高级） 公式：V-ing / Having + V-ed（原因）, 主句（结果） Hearing the alarm, they evacuated immediately. Having missed the bus, she had to walk home. 2. 连词备用（更保险） so / therefore / as a result 适用于复杂句衔接。 The exam was difficult; therefore, many students failed. 3. 避免低级错误 禁止because ... so ... 连用！ 确保分词逻辑主语一致！ （六）情绪递进衔接技巧： 1.用“无灵主语+主句+分词”三连击。 （1）无灵主语（非生命体作主语，直接体现情绪） 用身体部位（hands, legs, heart...）、表情（eyes, lips...）或生理反应（breath, voice ...）开头，“Show, don’t tell.”（展示而非直接陈述情绪）。 例句对比： × She was afraid.（直接陈述，平淡） √ Her hands trembled as she reached for the door.（用“手抖”具象化恐惧） （2）主句（人物核心动作，推动情节） 用强动词（如staggered代替walked，gasped代替said）让画面动起来。 例句对比： × He was surprised and stepped back. √ He stumbled backward, his breath catching in his throat. （3）分词结构（补充细节，增强画面感） 现在分词（-ing）：表示主动/进行中的动作。 例：She ran, her hair flying behind her. 过去分词（-ed）：表示被动/完成的状态。 例：Exhausted, he slumped against the wall, his uniform soaked with sweat. 完整三连击例句示范 1.紧张场景： Heart pounding (无灵), she peeked through the keyhole (主句), her knees pressing into the cold floor (分词). （比 She was nervous and looked through the keyhole. 更生动） 2.愤怒场景： Fists clenched (无灵), he glared at the broken vase (主句), his voice barely above a whisper (独立主格). 3.惊喜场景： Eyes widening (无灵), she gasped at the gift (主句), a smile spreading across her face (分词). 2. 经典例句分析（高考适用版） ▶ 原句：She was nervous. She entered the interview room. ▶ 升级版： Palms sweating (无灵), she pushed open the door (主句), taking a deep breath to steady herself (分词). ● 效果对比： 原句：平淡的陈述句 升级版：通过“出汗的手掌”具象化紧张，主句用“推门”动作推进场景，分词补充心理调节细节 3.高考场景应用范例 (1)紧张场景： Fingers fumbling with the test paper (无灵), I stared at the clock (主句), feeling each tick hammering in my chest (分词). （比I was very nervous during the exam.生动10倍） (2)惊喜场景： Eyes widening in disbelief (无灵), she tore open the envelope (主句), a joyful scream escaping her lips (独立主格). (3)愤怒场景： Jaw clenched tight (无灵), he slammed the phone down (主句), leaving the words unspoken burning in his throat (分词). 4.常见错误修正 × He was tired after running. He sat on the bench. √ Chest heaving (无灵), he collapsed onto the bench (主句), sweat dripping into his eyes (分词). 5.高分要点 (1)无灵主语要选择典型特征：发抖的手/急促的呼吸等 (2)主句动词需具表现力：不要用walk而用stagger (3)分词结构避免重复：可替换为独立主格（with结构） 例：With tears streaming down her face (独立主格), she waved goodbye. （七）环境烘托衔接技巧 1. 技巧核心：环境作为“催化剂”（直接推动情节） (1)环境不仅是背景，更是隐形的叙事者。 关键公式：环境现象（无灵主语） + 动态动词 + 情节影响/人物反应 例句： A tree branch cracked overhead (环境动作) — we froze (人物反应), our breaths hanging white in the air (细节延伸). （比直接写We heard a sound and stopped.更有张力） The river swallowed the path (拟人化环境), forcing us to turn back (情节影响). (2)环境作为“情绪镜”（反射心理状态） 公式：环境细节 + 感官/心理关联词 例句： The classroom walls seemed to press closer (环境拟人化), each tick of the clock a hammer to my nerves (心理映射). （比I felt nervous during the exam.更高级） Sunlight stabbed through the curtains (暴力动词), a cruel contrast to the hollow ache in her chest (情绪对比). (3)环境作为“倒计时”（制造紧迫感） 公式：时间/空间变化 + 隐喻性描述 例句： Shadows lengthened like grasping fingers (环境拟人), inching toward the lone figure on the bench (悬念营造). The last bus groaned away into the rain (环境动作), taking with it any hope of getting home tonight (情节暗示). (4)高考真题仿写案例 题目要求：用环境描写衔接“迷路”和“发现小屋”两个情节 【平庸写法】 They were lost. Then they saw a cabin. 【高分仿写】 The fog thickened (环境变化), swallowing their footprints (拟人) until a faint glow pulsed between the trees (悬念) — a cabin window, flickering like a beacon (情节转折). (5)学生常见问题修正 × 问题1：环境孤立 原句：It was snowing. She walked home sadly. 修改：Snowflakes clung to her lashes (环境互动), their cold kiss mirroring the numbness in her heart (情绪关联). × 问题2：动词单一 原句：The wind blew, and leaves fell. 修改：The wind clawed at the leaves (拟人动词), hurling them against the gravestones like frantic whispers (意象深化). 2.高考高分句式解析 (1)环境作为“催化剂”（直接触发事件） 原句：They were locked in the room. 升级版： A gust of wind rattled the window (环境动作), and the latch clicked shut (结果) — they were trapped. （比直接陈述更戏剧化） (2)环境作为“情绪镜”（反射心理状态） 原句：She felt lonely. 升级版： The empty hallway echoed her footsteps (环境), each one a reminder of the silence she couldn’t escape (心理折射). (3)环境作为“倒计时”（制造紧迫感） 原句：They had to hurry. 升级版： The sinking sun stretched their shadows (环境), a silent warning that night would fall soon (隐喻). 3. 真题仿写与拓展 1. 浙江卷风格（自然场景） 原句：They walked toward the cabin. 仿写：The moonlight dripped through the leaves (诗意化描写), painting a silver path to the cabin (环境互动). 2. 全国卷风格（突发冲突） 原句：The car stopped suddenly. 仿写：A bolt of lightning split the sky (环境动作), and the tires screeched against the wet asphalt (连锁反应). 3. 新高考卷（社会场景） 原句：The city was crowded. 仿写：Neon signs blinked relentlessly (环境拟人), their glow swallowed by the sea of umbrellas (社会隐喻). 4. 常见错误修正 × 环境与情节割裂 原句：It was raining. She cried. 修正： Rain blurred her vision (环境互动), its cold fingers mixing with her tears (情感融合). × 动词平淡 原句：The wind blew, and papers flew. 修正： The wind snatched at the papers (拟人化动词), sending them dancing into the dark alley (动态画面). 5. 万能环境描写词库 场景 高级动词 隐喻表达 风雨 光影 城市 lash, whip, howl flicker, bleed, pool pulse, hum, choke The storm screamed its fury. Shadows crawled up the walls. The traffic lights winked. （八）首尾呼应衔接技巧 一、技巧核心：用重复意象或关键词形成闭环 作用： 1.结构严谨：增强文章整体性，避免松散 2.情感升华：通过意象变化暗示成长/转折 3.余韵悠长：给阅卷老师留下深刻印象 关键公式： 开头（意象A+状态1）→ 情节发展 → 结尾（意象A+状态2） 二、高考经典结构解析 1. 物品意象闭环 开头：The old pocket watch in his hand ticked weakly. （关键词：watch / ticked / weakly） 结尾：As the watch’s ticking faded, so did his strength. （重复watch/ticked，将weakly升级为faded暗示结局） 2. 自然环境闭环 开头：The willow’s branches scratched against the window, like skeletal fingers. 结尾：When the scratching stopped at dawn, the house finally knew peace. （从“恐怖意象”到“安宁”，用同一动作暗示事件结束） 3. 抽象概念闭环 开头：“Bravery isn’t the absence of fear,” her father’s voice echoed. 结尾：Now she understood — the echo had become her own voice. （"echo"从回忆变为现实，完成认知转变） 三、高考满分例句库 1. 成长类（全国卷常见） 开头：The unfinished clay vase sat on the shelf, its rim cracked and lopsided. 结尾：This time, her fingers shaped the clay smoothly — the cracked vase would remain on the shelf forever, a testament to how far she’d come. 2. 亲情类（新高考适用） 开头：Mum’s scarf still smelled of lavender when he buried his face in it. 结尾：Years later, he’d catch a whiff of lavender and pause — this time, with a smile instead of tears. 3. 社会议题（浙江卷风格） 开头：The ‘No Entry’ sign on the community center was rusted but visible. 结尾：When the sign finally came down, its rust stains left faint marks on the wall — like memories that refused to disappear completely. 四、常见错误修正 × 问题1：强行重复 【原结构】开头：She loved daisies. 结尾：She still loved daisies. 【修改】开头：Daisies dotted the hillside like fallen stars. 结尾：Where daisies once grew, a single seedling now pushed through the ashes — stubborn as the girl who planted it. × 问题2：意象断裂 【原结构】开头：The bridge was broken. 结尾：He rebuilt his life. 【修改】开头：The broken bridge swayed over the river, its ropes snapping one by one. 结尾：The new bridge held firm — just as his hands now steadied the trembling child beside him. 五、万能模板公式 1. 物品变化型 开头：[物品] + [状态1] 结尾：The same [物品] now [状态2], [象征意义]. 例：开头→Her sketchbook gaped with blank pages. 结尾→The same sketchbook now bulged with drawings, its spine cracked from constant use. 2. 环境对比型 开头：[自然现象] + [感官描写] 结尾：No longer [原感官], now [新感官]. 例：开头→Winter air stabbed his lungs with each breath. 结尾→The air still bit, but now it tasted of pine instead of diesel. 3. 话语升华型 开头：[某人说] + [金句] 结尾：[同样句式] + [新理解] 例：开头→“Home isn’t a place,” Grandma used to say while kneading dough. 结尾→“Home isn’t a place,” she whispered to the child in her arms, finally understanding. 一、选择方框内适当的词语补全句子。 练习 and，in addition to，moreover，because，till，if，unless， for a moment 1. “You are the best actress we’ve got, and it will put an end to everything ______ you quit the boards,” said Joseph. 2. The mother proposed not giving presents this Christmas ___________ it is going to be a hard winter for everyone. 3. Beth ate no more but crept away to sit in her shadowy corner and brood over the delight to come, __________ the others were ready. 4. — “How long will he stay here, Mom?” asked Beth, with a little quiver in her voice. --- “Not for many months, dear, ____________ he is sick.” 5. Joe was the first to wake in the gray dawn of Christmas morning. No stockings hung at the fireplace, and ______________ she felt as much disappointed as she did long ago. 6. The sight of a tailor-shop gave me a sharp longing to shed my rags, __________ to clothe myself decently once more. 7. He had never felt so lonely. He was, ___________, approaching the very place where many of the scenes of the ghost stories had been laid. 8. ______________ his other vocations, he was the singing-master of the neighborhood, and picked up many bright shillings by instructing the young folks in psalmody. if because till unless for a moment and moreover In addition to 二、选择指号内造当的词语补全语篇。 I was walking into one of my favorite lunch spots today when a homeless man asked me if I would get him a sandwich. I told him yes ____ (and/but) asked what he would like. I went inside and ordered both of our lunches. He came in and sat at a table while we waited. The wonnan behind the counter looked at him suspiciously, perhaps thinking he shouldn’t have been in ____ (here/there). I walked back over and sat and talked with him ____ (because/so) she knew he was a paying customer. He was a Native American man from Flagstaff, about 2 hours away by car. He was down in Phoen ____ (because/so) he had to go to the hospital. We had a nice conversation about some of the challenges had faced, ____ (as well as/despite) all of the craziness going on in the world these days. He was happy that it was cool inside the restaurant. After we had had our lunch, I had to go back to work. It was ____ (sad/nice) to see him smile as he opened his sandwich and soda. I smiled and wished my new friend Milton well on his journey back to his home up north, hoping ____ (this/that) had made his day a little ____ (brighter/darker). Kindness matters, always! ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ $$