Unit 4 Humor （知识清单）英语北师大2019选择性必修第二册

Unit 4 Humor 一、词汇清单 单词 1. pretend vi.&vt. 假装，装作 2. plot n. （书、电影、戏剧的）情节 3. accent n. 口音 4. facial adj. 面部的；脸上的 5. well-being n. 舒适；健康；幸福 6. enhance vt. 增强；改进；提高 7. swing n. 挥动，挥舞；秋千 /vi.&vt. （使）摆动；（使）转动；朝…… 打去；荡秋千 8. collapse vi. 突然倒下 9. appetite n. 胃口，食欲 10. forecast vt. 预测，预报 11. scream vi./n. 尖声大叫 / 尖叫声 12. crisis n. 危难时刻；危机 13. deserve vt. 应得，应受到 14. mood n. 心情，情绪 15. whisper vi.&vt. 悄声说，低语，耳语 16. accidentally adv. 偶然地，意外地 17. expense n. 费用，花费 18. reputation n. 名誉，名望 19. encounter vt. 遇到 20. universal adj. 广泛适用的；共同的，普遍的 21. contemporary adj. 当代的 22. mostly adv. 主要地；大部分 23. contrary n. 正相反，恰恰相反 24. scholarship n. 奖学金 25. attain vt. 得到，获得 26. obtain vt. 获得，得到 27. talent n. 天资，天赋，才能 28. rarely adv. 很少，难得 29. genius n. 天才，天赋；天才人物 30. idiom n. 成语 31. bath n./vi 浴室 / 洗澡 短语 1. be terrified of 害怕 2. for sale 待售 3. over and over again 反复 4. set up 创立；建立 5. on the contrary 相反 6. in charge of 负责 7. interact with 与…… 相互作用；互动 8. wake up 醒来 9. rely on 依赖，信赖 10. hand over 移交 11. do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙 12. at sb's expense 嘲笑某人 13. on one's own 独自地 14. for some time 一段时间 15. hold on 坚持 16. for free 免费 熟词生义 1. swing v.摇晃，摇摆; 突然转向 n. 秋千 2. collapse vi.突然倒下; vi.突然失败; vi.贬值；暴跌 3. consume vt.消耗；吃；消费; vt.烧毁，毁灭 4. appetite n．胃口；强烈欲望; n．胃口, .n.强烈欲望 5. mirror n.镜子; n.真实的写照; vt.反映; vt.映出 6. atmosphere n.空气/气氛./氛围 句型 1． be doing...when...正在做……，这时……  The doctor was writing a note at her desk when he came in. 2． as if...从句中的虚拟语气 After a moment, he looks back at the envelope but this time he looks surprised, as ifhe did not know it was there． 3． so...that...引导结果状语从句 He becomes so desperate in the end that he even hides some inside the purse of a woman sitting near him and throws some down the trousers of the restaurant's violinist! 语法 1. 现在完成进行时：过去→现在（还在做） 2. 过去完成进行时：过去的过去→过去某时（曾持续做） 3. 将来进行时：将来某时→正在做（计划中） 二、知识点精讲 知识点1 pretend vi.&vt.假装，装作 【拓展】 (1)pretend to do sth　　　　假装做某事 pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth 假装做过某事 (2)pretend＋that从句 假装…… (3)pretend to be＋形容词/名词 假装是… 【写作佳句】When he got home, he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be asleep. 到家中，他把头埋到被子底下，假装睡着了。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①Mary pretended ________________ (know) everything about it and said nothing. ②She pretended ________________ (listen) to the manager, but actually she was thinking about something else. 翻译句子 ③________________________________________________ 我真的很期待你的最佳表现。 知识点2 anxiety n．焦虑，不安，担心 【拓展】 (1)be anxious for/about　　为……担心/担忧 be anxious to do sth 急于做某事 (2)with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地；不安地 【写作佳句】 Mary was close to crying with anxiety and fear. 玛丽既担心又害怕，几乎哭了。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①Her family was poor，so the girl was anxious ________________ (finish) school and get a job. ②Anxious ________________the coming exam，I can hardly fall asleep at night. 一句多译 他焦急地等待着结果，如坐针毡。 ③He ________________________________ as if he were sitting on pins and needles. (anxiety) ④He ________________________________ as if he were sitting on pins and needles. (anxiously) 知识点3 significant adj.重要的，重大的 【拓展】 (1)It is significant that　　很明显…… (2)significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 be of significance to... 对……有重要意义 attach significance to... 认为……重要 (3)significantly adv. 显著地；意味深长 【写作佳句】Your work has shown a significant improvement. 你的工作有了显著改进。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①She showed special concern for the college students and attached much significance to ________________ (educate) them. ②It is significant ________________nowadays fiber is still considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. [链接写作]　应用文写作之发言稿 ③我坚信我们越是意识到这句名言的重要性，我们在日常学习中就会获益越多。 I firmly believe that the more we ________________________________，the more benefits we will get in our daily studies. 知识点4 embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的 【拓展】 (1)be embarrassed at/about　(对……)感到为难/尴尬 (2)embarrassing adj. 令人困窘的 (3)embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难 (4)embarrassment n. 窘迫，尴尬 (5)to one's embarrassment 让某人感到不好意思的 【写作佳句】Embarrassed and nervous, I rushed out of the house. 既尴尬又紧张，我冲出了房门。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①The girl felt ________________ when seeing the ________________ pictures. She turned away with ________________．(embarrass) ②He was ________________at being the centre of attention. (embarrass) 句式升级：对句②进行改写 ③________________________________ he was the centre of attention. (what引导主语从句) ④________________________________ he was the centre of attention. (that引导主语从句) ⑤________________________________, he was the centre of attention. (embarrassment) 知识点5 confused adj.困惑的 【拓展】 (1)confuse vt.　　　使糊涂；使迷惑 confuse...with/and... 混淆；辨别不清 be confused by 被……弄糊涂 (2)confusion n. 困 【写作佳句】My father wrinkled his forehead and gazed at me, confused and worried. 父亲皱起眉头，困惑而焦虑地望着我。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①What ________________(confuse) me is that which aspects of traditional Chinese culture appeal more to foreign friends. ②He gazed at the ________________(confuse) around him and was overwhelmed by a feeling of despair. [链接写作] 应用文写作之劝慰信 ③因为你第一次来中国，难怪你对我们的餐桌文化感到困惑。 No wonder you ________________________________，for it is the first time that you have been to China. 知识点6 deserve vt.应得，应受到 【拓展】 (1)deserve to do sth 应该做……；值得做…… (2)deserve to be done＝ deserve doing值得被做 (3)deserve consideration/attention/a rest值得考虑/注意/应该休 【写作佳句】Having set a great example to us students, she fully deserves my respect. 她为我们学生树立了一个很好的榜样，她值得我尊敬。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①He doesn't deserve ________________ (win) any respect from anybody just because he does not know how to respect others. ②She entertained us all the morning and she deserved ________________.(praise). 一句多译 你在会上提的这个建议值得考虑。 ③This suggestion you put forward at the meeting ________________． ④This suggestion you put forward at the meeting ________________． ⑤This suggestion you put forward at the meeting ________________． 知识点7 amuse vt.使开心；逗笑 【拓展】 (1)amuse oneself (by doing sth)　(通过做某事)自娱自乐 (2)amused adj. 觉得好笑的；逗乐的 be amused at/by... 觉得……好笑 amusing adj. 好笑的 (3)amusement n. 愉悦；娱乐(活动) (4)to one's amusement 使某人感到好笑的 【写作佳句】She suggested several ideas to help Laura amuse the twins. 她给劳拉出了一些主意，好逗这对双胞胎开心。 【经典练】 单句语法填空/补全句子 ①The comedy was full of humour, which not only ________________(amuse) the audience, but also built up their confidence in life. ②Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ________________(amuse) with her stories. ③However ________________(amuse) the story is, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. 句式升级 ④Miss Lee began the class with an amusing English story.It attracted our attention at once. →Miss Lee began the class with an amusing English story, ________________. (定语从句) 知识点8 rely vi.依赖 【拓展】 (1)rely on　　　　　　依赖；依靠；信赖 rely on sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事 rely on (doing) sth 依赖/信任/指望(做)某事 rely on it that ... 相信……；指望…… (2)reliable adj. 可信赖 【写作佳句】She is the one that you can rely on, can turn to and can share everything with. 她是你可以依靠的人，可以求助的人，可以分享一切的人。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①Many people now would rely on ________________(surf) the Internet rather than read newspapers for news. ②He always does as he says so we all think he is a ________________(rely) man.If you make friends with him, you can rely on it that he will help you whenever you are in trouble. [链接写作]　应用文写作之家庭生活 ③当今，父母为他们的子女做所有的事情，这使得这些子女非常依赖他们的父母。 Nowadays parents have done everything for their children，________________________________． 知识点9 astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的 【拓展】 (1)be astonished at　　　对……感到惊讶 (2)astonish vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊 It astonishes sb that... 令某人吃惊的是…… (3)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的 (4)astonishment n. 惊讶 to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的 【写作佳句】Astonished, Mary realized that he had also recognized what her action meant. 玛丽惊讶地意识到他也明白了她的举动意味着什么。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①________________________________，they weren't ________________at the astonishing news，so I looked at them in ________________．(astonish) ②________________at what she said, all the kids burst out screaming. 一句多译 令我吃惊的是，她根本不关心我的感受。 ③________________________________，she didn't care about my feelings.(astonishment) ④She didn't care about my feelings，________________________________．(定语从句) ⑤________________________________ she didn't care about my feelings.(it作形式主语) ⑥________________________________ she didn't care about my feelings.(what 引导的主语从句) 知识点10 demand vt. 要求 【拓展】 (1)demand to do sth　要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth要求……(应该)做某事 (2)demand n. 要求；需求 be in(great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one's demands满足某人的需求 (3)demanding adj.要求高的；费力的；苛求 【写作佳句】I demand to see the manager. 我坚决要求见经理。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①What I want to stress is that some new members are ________________demand in our club. ②My father came down and demanded________________ (know)what was going on. ③Basketball is an interesting sport, but it's also physically ________________ (demand). [链接写作]　应用文写作之学校生活 ④我们老师要求学生们准时到校。 Our teacher demands that ________________________________ on time. 3、 语法清单 Continuous Tenses 进行时 时态类型 构成形式 核心含义 时间状语示例 现在完成 进行时 have/has been+现在分词 从过去开始持续到现在，可能继续进行 lately, for hours, since... 过去完成 进行时 had been +现在分词 在过去某个时间点前持续进行的动作 by then, before that day... 将来进行时 will be+ 现在分词 将来某时刻正在进行的动作 tomorrow at this time, next week... 【感知·语法规律】 1. I have been reading this book for a week, and I'm still not finished. 2. They have been living in this city since they got married, and they love it here. 3. When I met her, she had been working in that company for five years. 4. The ground was wet because it had been raining all night. 5. This time tomorrow, we will be flying over the Atlantic Ocean. 6. Don't call me at 9 o'clock tonight. I will be watching the football match then. 【精讲·语法知识】 1. 现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Continuous） （1）结构：have/has + been + 动词ing （2）核心用法： 表示从过去某时开始，持续到现在的动作，强调“动作的延续性”或“近期的重复性”。 例：I have been studying English for 5 years.（我学英语5年了，还在学）。 例：She has been calling me all day.（她一整天都在给我打电话，强调反复）。 2. 过去完成进行时（Past Perfect Continuous） （1）结构：had + been + 动词ing （2）核心用法：表示在过去某一时间点之前，已经开始并持续到该时间点的动作，常与过去完成时搭配，强调“过去的过去的延续性”。 例：Before she moved, she had been living in that city for 10 years.（搬家前，她在那座城市住了10年，搬家是过去的动作）。 3. 将来进行时（Future Continuous） （1）结构：will be + 动词ing / shall be + 动词ing（shall多用于第一人称） （2）核心用法：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或按计划安排好的、即将发生的动作。 例：At 8 pm tomorrow, I will be having a meeting.（明天晚上8点，我正在开会）。 例：They will be traveling to Japan next week.（他们下周要去日本旅行，强调计划） 关键对比（快速记忆） 现在完成进行时：过去→现在（还在做） 过去完成进行时：过去的过去→过去某时（曾持续做） 将来进行时：将来某时→正在做（计划中） 【经典练】　 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Sally ________________ (prepare) for the English speech contest since last month and she’s almost ready. ②When I checked his work, I found that he ________________ (copy) others’ homework for several weeks. ③By the end of next year, the team ________________ (develop) this new software for 18 months. ④The kids ________________ (play) in the garden all afternoon. No wonder they look so tired now. ⑤Before she retired, Ms. Green ________________ (teach) in this school for 25 years. ⑥We ________________ (discuss) this project for two hours at tomorrow’s meeting. (2) 单项选择 ① —Look! The paint on the wall is peeling off. —Well, the workers ______ the house for days without proper protection. A. have been painting B. had been painting C. will be painting D. painted ② When I got to the cinema, I realized that I ______ for the wrong bus, wasting almost an hour. A. have been waiting B. had been waiting C. will be waiting D. was waiting ③This time next week, we ______ on the beach in Sanya, enjoying the sunshine. A. have been lying B. had been lying C. will be lying D. are lying ④Tom’s hands are very dirty. He ____ the car all morning. A. has been repairing B. had been repairing C. will be repairing D. repaired ⑤ By the time he entered the university, he ______ English for eight years. A. has been learning B. had been learning C. will be learning D. was learning ⑥. In two months, she ______ as a volunteer at the community center for a year. A. has been working B. had been working C. will have been working D. works 1、 核心知识运用 1. Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change ________________ (cause) dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades,which has damaged the U.S.agricultural economy. (2023·浙江1月卷)  2. And that’s why,however ________________ (astonish) Project Debater may seem,the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. (2023·浙江1月卷) 3. As for Bailey,she is more ________________ (confuse) about why her act is considered a big deal. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 4. It was ________________(announce) that my train would arrive in 10 minutes. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)  5. BMI is an internationally recognized ________________(measure) tool which gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. (2021·浙江1月卷) 6. Actually my mom had asked whether she could post it on the Internet, because after all I was so ________________(embarrass) and looked so silly in it. (2021·浙江1月卷) 7. It is true that many consumers are convinced ________________ (spend) the money they do not have for things they really do not need.  8. Some consumers are wasteful and you can’t rely on them ________________(recycle) resources.  9. Tears swirling in his eyes, David raised his head, looked at me as if ________________(say) something, but lowered his head once again.  10. Mother pretended ________________ (annoy) at my behaviour to prevent me from buying the coat.  2、 小试牛刀 1. The teacher just stared at me ________________________________(好像他知道这件事的一切). (as if)  2. ________________________________________________ (我们正在野餐,突然下起了倾盆大雨), which was rather a fly in the ointment.(be doing...when...)  3. ________________________________ (不知你明天早上是否能够载我) to the train station tomorrow morning. (I wonder if...)  4. Finally, ________________________________ (在他等了大约半个小时后), he was called in for his consultation. (过去完成进行时)  5. This time next week, ________________________________ (我就要到纽约了)。(将来进行时) 三、短语复现(翻译句子） 1. Besides, it is also very important that friends should be faithful to each other. ____________________________________________________________________________________________2. She busies herself arranging the articles in the booth in more attractive display. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. He has the potential to become a world⁃class musician. ____________________________________________________________________________________________4. Many of them have a talent for music and are talented in playing various musical instruments. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. He has such a big appetite for reading that you never see him without a book. ____________________________________________________________________________________________6. They are waiting for the results of the tests with anxiety. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. It is incredible that the 12⁃year⁃old boy even can’t reach the pedals, let alone drive the car. ____________________________________________________________________________________________8. It’s no trouble at all; on the contrary, it will be a great pleasure to help you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. We mustn’t develop economy at the expense of destroying nature and we must have a role in nature conservation. ____________________________________________________________________________________________10. He whispered to me, “It’s high time for us to set out to concentrate on the project.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 四、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 人物介绍类写作要点明人物身份、职业及核心成就。分层次介绍经历（如职业生涯起步、代表作、风格特点）；结合具体事例或作品体现人物特质（如幽默风格、社会影响）；穿插细节描写增强画面感。最后总结人物地位、社会价值或个人影响，呼应主题。 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 1. 开头常用语 （1）As a renowned figure in the comedy industry, XXX has long been recognized as... 作为喜剧界知名人物，XXX 一直被视为…… （2）XXX，a genius comedian，has left an indelible mark on... with her/his unique style. XXX，一位天才喜剧演员，以独特风格在…… 留下不可磨灭的印记。 2. 主体部分常用语 （1）Her/His career took off when... 当…… 时，她 / 他的职业生涯开始腾飞。 （2）What distinguishes XXX is her/his ability to... XXX的独特之处在于她 / 他能……。 （3） Through works like..., she/he successfully combines... with... 通过《……》等作品，她 / 他成功将…… 与…… 结合） 3. 结尾常用语 （1）XXX not only brings laughter to the public but also...XXX 不仅为大众带来欢笑，更…… （2） Her/His legacy in comedy continues to inspire... 她 / 他在喜剧领域的成就持续激励着…… 【示例·分步写作】 贾玲是中国知名喜剧人，2003年在《喜剧学院》等舞台崭露头角 ，代表作有《你好，李焕英》 。她用幽默传递温情，以独特喜剧风格成为观众心中的欢乐符号 。请写一篇文章介绍贾玲。根据汉语提示使用本单元的单词、短语和句式完成下面短文。 1. Jia Ling is a renownedgenius comedian （天才喜剧演员）in China, who hasobtained（享有/获得） a high - reputation in the entertainment（喜剧） industry. She has a talent for comedy（喜剧方面天赋异禀）, with an amazing ability to turn ordinary life stories into amusing（惊人的） performances. 贾玲是中国著名的天才喜剧演员，在娱乐圈中享有盛誉。她在喜剧方面天赋异禀，具备将平凡生活故事转化为趣味表演的惊人能力。 2. It seems as if(好像)she was born with a special "comedy gene". Her humorous（幽默的）way of expressing, whether it's imitating dialects or creating funny skits, makes the audience all over the country laugh heavily (make复合结构). She not only acts as a brilliant comedian on the stage but also works as a talented screenwriter and producer behind the scenes(not only...but also...). By doing so, she brings excellent comedy works(优秀的喜剧作品) to the public, so that(以至于） more and more people can be touched by her unique comedic charm and positive energy(其独特的喜剧魅力和正能量). 仿佛她生来就拥有特殊的“喜剧基因”。无论是模仿方言还是创作搞笑短剧，她幽默的表达方式总能让全国观众开怀大笑。她不仅在舞台上是一位出色的喜剧演员，在幕后还担任着才华横溢的编剧和制片人。通过这些努力，她为大众带来优秀的喜剧作品，让越来越多人被其独特的喜剧魅力和正能量所打动。 3.In her shows, we can always find that her words and actions are filled with a kind of natural humor(发现她的言行充满着一种自然的幽默感). She makes every character she plays so vivid and interesting(make复合结构）, as if those characters are real people living around us. Her works are full of potential(充满潜力), constantly breaking new ground in the comedy field and inspiring a new generation of comedy lovers(激励着新一代的喜剧爱好者). 在她的表演中，我们总能发现她的言行充满着一种自然的幽默感。她让扮演的每个角色都如此生动有趣，仿佛这些角色就是生活在我们身边的真实人物。她的作品充满潜力，在喜剧领域不断开拓新境界，也激励着新一代的喜剧爱好者。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Humor 一、词汇清单 单词 1. pretend vi.&vt. 假装，装作 2. plot n. （书、电影、戏剧的）情节 3. accent n. 口音 4. facial adj. 面部的；脸上的 5. well-being n. 舒适；健康；幸福 6. enhance vt. 增强；改进；提高 7. swing n. 挥动，挥舞；秋千 /vi.&vt. （使）摆动；（使）转动；朝…… 打去；荡秋千 8. collapse vi. 突然倒下 9. appetite n. 胃口，食欲 10. forecast vt. 预测，预报 11. scream vi./n. 尖声大叫 / 尖叫声 12. crisis n. 危难时刻；危机 13. deserve vt. 应得，应受到 14. mood n. 心情，情绪 15. whisper vi.&vt. 悄声说，低语，耳语 16. accidentally adv. 偶然地，意外地 17. expense n. 费用，花费 18. reputation n. 名誉，名望 19. encounter vt. 遇到 20. universal adj. 广泛适用的；共同的，普遍的 21. contemporary adj. 当代的 22. mostly adv. 主要地；大部分 23. contrary n. 正相反，恰恰相反 24. scholarship n. 奖学金 25. attain vt. 得到，获得 26. obtain vt. 获得，得到 27. talent n. 天资，天赋，才能 28. rarely adv. 很少，难得 29. genius n. 天才，天赋；天才人物 30. idiom n. 成语 31. bath n./vi 浴室 / 洗澡 短语 1. be terrified of 害怕 2. for sale 待售 3. over and over again 反复 4. set up 创立；建立 5. on the contrary 相反 6. in charge of 负责 7. interact with 与…… 相互作用；互动 8. wake up 醒来 9. rely on 依赖，信赖 10. hand over 移交 11. do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙 12. at sb's expense 嘲笑某人 13. on one's own 独自地 14. for some time 一段时间 15. hold on 坚持 16. for free 免费 熟词生义 1. swing v.摇晃，摇摆; 突然转向 n. 秋千 2. collapse vi.突然倒下; vi.突然失败; vi.贬值；暴跌 3. consume vt.消耗；吃；消费; vt.烧毁，毁灭 4. appetite n．胃口；强烈欲望; n．胃口, .n.强烈欲望 5. mirror n.镜子; n.真实的写照; vt.反映; vt.映出 6. atmosphere n.空气/气氛./氛围 句型 1． be doing...when...正在做……，这时……  The doctor was writing a note at her desk when he came in. 2． as if...从句中的虚拟语气 After a moment, he looks back at the envelope but this time he looks surprised, as ifhe did not know it was there． 3． so...that...引导结果状语从句 He becomes so desperate in the end that he even hides some inside the purse of a woman sitting near him and throws some down the trousers of the restaurant's violinist! 语法 1. 现在完成进行时：过去→现在（还在做） 2. 过去完成进行时：过去的过去→过去某时（曾持续做） 3. 将来进行时：将来某时→正在做（计划中） 二、知识点精讲 知识点1 pretend vi.&vt.假装，装作 【拓展】 (1)pretend to do sth　　　　假装做某事 pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth 假装做过某事 (2)pretend＋that从句 假装…… (3)pretend to be＋形容词/名词 假装是… 【写作佳句】When he got home, he buried his head under the quilt，pretending to be asleep. 到家中，他把头埋到被子底下，假装睡着了。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①Mary pretended to have known (know) everything about it and said nothing. ②She pretended to be listening (listen) to the manager, but actually she was thinking about something else. 翻译句子 ③Jordan felt embarrassed, but he pretended not to hear. 我真的很期待你的最佳表现。 知识点2 anxiety n．焦虑，不安，担心 【拓展】 (1)be anxious for/about　　为……担心/担忧 be anxious to do sth 急于做某事 (2)with anxiety＝anxiously 焦虑地；不安地 【写作佳句】 Mary was close to crying with anxiety and fear. 玛丽既担心又害怕，几乎哭了。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①Her family was poor，so the girl was anxious to finish (finish) school and get a job. ②Anxious about the coming exam，I can hardly fall asleep at night. 一句多译 他焦急地等待着结果，如坐针毡。 ③He was waiting for the results with anxiety as if he were sitting on pins and needles. (anxiety) ④He was waiting for the results anxiously as if he were sitting on pins and needles. (anxiously) 知识点3 significant adj.重要的，重大的 【拓展】 (1)It is significant that　　很明显…… (2)significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 be of significance to... 对……有重要意义 attach significance to... 认为……重要 (3)significantly adv. 显著地；意味深长 【写作佳句】Your work has shown a significant improvement. 你的工作有了显著改进。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①She showed special concern for the college students and attached much significance to educating (educate) them. ②It is significant that nowadays fiber is still considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. [链接写作]　应用文写作之发言稿 ③我坚信我们越是意识到这句名言的重要性，我们在日常学习中就会获益越多。 I firmly believe that the more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying，the more benefits we will get in our daily studies. 知识点4 embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的 【拓展】 (1)be embarrassed at/about　(对……)感到为难/尴尬 (2)embarrassing adj. 令人困窘的 (3)embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难 (4)embarrassment n. 窘迫，尴尬 (5)to one's embarrassment 让某人感到不好意思的 【写作佳句】Embarrassed and nervous, I rushed out of the house. 既尴尬又紧张，我冲出了房门。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①The girl felt embarrassed when seeing the embarrassing pictures. She turned away with embarrassment．(embarrass) ②He was embarrassed at being the centre of attention. (embarrass) 句式升级：对句②进行改写 ③What embarrassed him was that he was the centre of attention. (what引导主语从句) ④It embarrassed him that he was the centre of attention. (that引导主语从句) ⑤To his embarrassment, he was the centre of attention. (embarrassment) 知识点5 confused adj.困惑的 【拓展】 (1)confuse vt.　　　使糊涂；使迷惑 confuse...with/and... 混淆；辨别不清 be confused by 被……弄糊涂 (2)confusion n. 困 【写作佳句】My father wrinkled his forehead and gazed at me, confused and worried. 父亲皱起眉头，困惑而焦虑地望着我。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①What confuses (confuse) me is that which aspects of traditional Chinese culture appeal more to foreign friends. ②He gazed at the confusion (confuse) around him and was overwhelmed by a feeling of despair. [链接写作] 应用文写作之劝慰信 ③因为你第一次来中国，难怪你对我们的餐桌文化感到困惑。 No wonder you are confused about our table manners，for it is the first time that you have been to China. 知识点6 deserve vt.应得，应受到 【拓展】 (1)deserve to do sth 应该做……；值得做…… (2)deserve to be done＝ deserve doing值得被做 (3)deserve consideration/attention/a rest值得考虑/注意/应该休 【写作佳句】Having set a great example to us students, she fully deserves my respect. 她为我们学生树立了一个很好的榜样，她值得我尊敬。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①He doesn't deserve to win (win) any respect from anybody just because he does not know how to respect others. ②She entertained us all the morning and she deserved to be praised/praising .(praise). 一句多译 你在会上提的这个建议值得考虑。 ③This suggestion you put forward at the meeting deserves consideration． ④This suggestion you put forward at the meeting deserves considering． ⑤This suggestion you put forward at the meeting deserves to be considered． 知识点7 amuse vt.使开心；逗笑 【拓展】 (1)amuse oneself (by doing sth)　(通过做某事)自娱自乐 (2)amused adj. 觉得好笑的；逗乐的 be amused at/by... 觉得……好笑 amusing adj. 好笑的 (3)amusement n. 愉悦；娱乐(活动) (4)to one's amusement 使某人感到好笑的 【写作佳句】She suggested several ideas to help Laura amuse the twins. 她给劳拉出了一些主意，好逗这对双胞胎开心。 【经典练】 单句语法填空/补全句子 ①The comedy was full of humour, which not only amused (amuse) the audience, but also built up their confidence in life. ②Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused (amuse) with her stories. ③However amusing (amuse) the story is, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. 句式升级 ④Miss Lee began the class with an amusing English story.It attracted our attention at once. →Miss Lee began the class with an amusing English story, which attracted our attention at once. (定语从句) 知识点8 rely vi.依赖 【拓展】 (1)rely on　　　　　　依赖；依靠；信赖 rely on sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事 rely on (doing) sth 依赖/信任/指望(做)某事 rely on it that ... 相信……；指望…… (2)reliable adj. 可信赖 【写作佳句】She is the one that you can rely on, can turn to and can share everything with. 她是你可以依靠的人，可以求助的人，可以分享一切的人。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①Many people now would rely on surfing (surf) the Internet rather than read newspapers for news. ②He always does as he says so we all think he is a reliable (rely) man.If you make friends with him, you can rely on it that he will help you whenever you are in trouble. [链接写作]　应用文写作之家庭生活 ③当今，父母为他们的子女做所有的事情，这使得这些子女非常依赖他们的父母。 Nowadays parents have done everything for their children，which makes the children rely on/upon their parents very much． 知识点9 astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的 【拓展】 (1)be astonished at　　　对……感到惊讶 (2)astonish vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊 It astonishes sb that... 令某人吃惊的是…… (3)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的 (4)astonishment n. 惊讶 to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的 【写作佳句】Astonished, Mary realized that he had also recognized what her action meant. 玛丽惊讶地意识到他也明白了她的举动意味着什么。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ①To my astonishment，they weren't astonished at the astonishing news，so I looked at them in astonishment．(astonish) ②Astonished at what she said, all the kids burst out screaming. 一句多译 令我吃惊的是，她根本不关心我的感受。 ③To my astonishment，she didn't care about my feelings.(astonishment) ④She didn't care about my feelings，which astonished me．(定语从句) ⑤It was astonishing that she didn't care about my feelings.(it作形式主语) ⑥What astonished me was that she didn't care about my feelings.(what 引导的主语从句) 知识点10 demand vt. 要求 【拓展】 (1)demand to do sth　要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth要求……(应该)做某事 (2)demand n. 要求；需求 be in(great) demand (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one's demands满足某人的需求 (3)demanding adj.要求高的；费力的；苛求 【写作佳句】I demand to see the manager. 我坚决要求见经理。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①What I want to stress is that some new members are in demand in our club. ②My father came down and demanded to know (know)what was going on. ③Basketball is an interesting sport, but it's also physically demanding (demand). [链接写作]　应用文写作之学校生活 ④我们老师要求学生们准时到校。 Our teacher demands that the students (should) go to school on time. 3、 语法清单 Continuous Tenses 进行时 时态类型 构成形式 核心含义 时间状语示例 现在完成 进行时 have/has been+现在分词 从过去开始持续到现在，可能继续进行 lately, for hours, since... 过去完成 进行时 had been +现在分词 在过去某个时间点前持续进行的动作 by then, before that day... 将来进行时 will be+ 现在分词 将来某时刻正在进行的动作 tomorrow at this time, next week... 【感知·语法规律】 1. I have been reading this book for a week, and I'm still not finished. 2. They have been living in this city since they got married, and they love it here. 3. When I met her, she had been working in that company for five years. 4. The ground was wet because it had been raining all night. 5. This time tomorrow, we will be flying over the Atlantic Ocean. 6. Don't call me at 9 o'clock tonight. I will be watching the football match then. 【精讲·语法知识】 1. 现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Continuous） （1）结构：have/has + been + 动词ing （2）核心用法： 表示从过去某时开始，持续到现在的动作，强调“动作的延续性”或“近期的重复性”。 例：I have been studying English for 5 years.（我学英语5年了，还在学）。 例：She has been calling me all day.（她一整天都在给我打电话，强调反复）。 2. 过去完成进行时（Past Perfect Continuous） （1）结构：had + been + 动词ing （2）核心用法：表示在过去某一时间点之前，已经开始并持续到该时间点的动作，常与过去完成时搭配，强调“过去的过去的延续性”。 例：Before she moved, she had been living in that city for 10 years.（搬家前，她在那座城市住了10年，搬家是过去的动作）。 3. 将来进行时（Future Continuous） （1）结构：will be + 动词ing / shall be + 动词ing（shall多用于第一人称） （2）核心用法：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或按计划安排好的、即将发生的动作。 例：At 8 pm tomorrow, I will be having a meeting.（明天晚上8点，我正在开会）。 例：They will be traveling to Japan next week.（他们下周要去日本旅行，强调计划） 关键对比（快速记忆） 现在完成进行时：过去→现在（还在做） 过去完成进行时：过去的过去→过去某时（曾持续做） 将来进行时：将来某时→正在做（计划中） 【经典练】　 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Sally has been preparing (prepare) for the English speech contest since last month and she’s almost ready. ②When I checked his work, I found that he had been copying (copy) others’ homework for several weeks. ③By the end of next year, the team will have been developing (develop) this new software for 18 months. ④The kids have been playing (play) in the garden all afternoon. No wonder they look so tired now. ⑤Before she retired, Ms. Green had been teaching (teach) in this school for 25 years. ⑥We will have been discussing (discuss) this project for two hours at tomorrow’s meeting. (2) 单项选择 ① —Look! The paint on the wall is peeling off. —Well, the workers ___A___ the house for days without proper protection. A. have been painting B. had been painting C. will be painting D. painted ② When I got to the cinema, I realized that I ____B__ for the wrong bus, wasting almost an hour. A. have been waiting B. had been waiting C. will be waiting D. was waiting ③This time next week, we ___C___ on the beach in Sanya, enjoying the sunshine. A. have been lying B. had been lying C. will be lying D. are lying ④Tom’s hands are very dirty. He __A__ the car all morning. A. has been repairing B. had been repairing C. will be repairing D. repaired ⑤ By the time he entered the university, he ___B___ English for eight years. A. has been learning B. had been learning C. will be learning D. was learning ⑥. In two months, she ___C___ as a volunteer at the community center for a year. A. has been working B. had been working C. will have been working D. works 1、 核心知识运用 1. Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change have caused (cause) dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades,which has damaged the U.S.agricultural economy. (2023·浙江1月卷)  2. And that’s why,however astonishing (astonish) Project Debater may seem,the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. (2023·浙江1月卷) 3. As for Bailey,she is more confused (confuse) about why her act is considered a big deal. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) 4. It was announced (announce) that my train would arrive in 10 minutes. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)  5. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement (measure) tool which gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. (2021·浙江1月卷) 6. Actually my mom had asked whether she could post it on the Internet, because after all I was so embarrassed (embarrass) and looked so silly in it. (2021·浙江1月卷) 7. It is true that many consumers are convinced to spend (spend) the money they do not have for things they really do not need.  8. Some consumers are wasteful and you can’t rely on them to cycle(recycle) resources.  9. Tears swirling in his eyes, David raised his head, looked at me as if to say(say) something, but lowered his head once again.  10. Mother pretended to be annoyed (annoy) at my behaviour to prevent me from buying the coat.  2、 小试牛刀 1. The teacher just stared at me as if he had known everything about it (好像他知道这件事的一切). (as if)  2. We were having a picnic when it began to rain cats and dogs (我们正在野餐,突然下起了倾盆大雨), which was rather a fly in the ointment.(be doing...when...)  3. I wonder if you could give me a ride (不知你明天早上是否能够载我) to the train station tomorrow morning. (I wonder if...)  4. Finally, after he had been waiting for about half an hour (在他等了大约半个小时后), he was called in for his consultation. (过去完成进行时)  5. This time next week, I will be arriving in New York (我就要到纽约了). (将来进行时) 三、短语复现(翻译句子） 1. Besides, it is also very important that friends should be faithful to each other. 此外，朋友之间应彼此忠诚，这一点也非常重要。 2. She busies herself arranging the articles in the booth in more attractive display. 她忙着将摊位上的物品以更吸引人的方式陈列。 3. He has the potential to become a world⁃class musician. 他有潜力成为一名世界级的音乐家。 4. Many of them have a talent for music and are talented in playing various musical instruments. 他们中许多人有音乐天赋，擅长演奏各种乐器。 5. He has such a big appetite for reading that you never see him without a book. 他对阅读的渴望如此强烈，你从未见过他手中没有书。 6. They are waiting for the results of the tests with anxiety. 他们焦虑地等待着测试结果。 7. It is incredible that the 12⁃year⁃old boy even can’t reach the pedals, let alone drive the car. 这个 12 岁的男孩甚至够不到踏板，更不用说开车了，这真令人难以置信。 8. It’s no trouble at all; on the contrary, it will be a great pleasure to help you. 这根本不麻烦；相反，帮助你将是一件非常愉快的事。 9. We mustn’t develop economy at the expense of destroying nature and we must have a role in nature conservation. 我们绝不能以破坏自然为代价发展经济，而必须在自然保护中发挥作用。 10. He whispered to me, “It’s high time for us to set out to concentrate on the project.” 他低声对我说：“我们该着手专注于这个项目了。 四、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 人物介绍类写作要点明人物身份、职业及核心成就。分层次介绍经历（如职业生涯起步、代表作、风格特点）；结合具体事例或作品体现人物特质（如幽默风格、社会影响）；穿插细节描写增强画面感。最后总结人物地位、社会价值或个人影响，呼应主题。 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 1. 开头常用语 （1）As a renowned figure in the comedy industry, XXX has long been recognized as... 作为喜剧界知名人物，XXX 一直被视为…… （2）XXX，a genius comedian，has left an indelible mark on... with her/his unique style. XXX，一位天才喜剧演员，以独特风格在…… 留下不可磨灭的印记。 2. 主体部分常用语 （1）Her/His career took off when... 当…… 时，她 / 他的职业生涯开始腾飞。 （2）What distinguishes XXX is her/his ability to... XXX的独特之处在于她 / 他能……。 （3） Through works like..., she/he successfully combines... with... 通过《……》等作品，她 / 他成功将…… 与…… 结合） 3. 结尾常用语 （1）XXX not only brings laughter to the public but also...XXX 不仅为大众带来欢笑，更…… （2） Her/His legacy in comedy continues to inspire... 她 / 他在喜剧领域的成就持续激励着…… 【示例·分步写作】 贾玲是中国知名喜剧人，2003年在《喜剧学院》等舞台崭露头角 ，代表作有《你好，李焕英》 。她用幽默传递温情，以独特喜剧风格成为观众心中的欢乐符号 。请写一篇文章介绍贾玲。根据汉语提示使用本单元的单词、短语和句式完成下面短文。 1. Jia Ling is a renownedgenius comedian （天才喜剧演员）in China, who hasobtained（享有/获得） a high - reputation in the entertainment（喜剧） industry. She has a talent for comedy（喜剧方面天赋异禀）, with an amazing ability to turn ordinary life stories into amusing（惊人的） performances. 贾玲是中国著名的天才喜剧演员，在娱乐圈中享有盛誉。她在喜剧方面天赋异禀，具备将平凡生活故事转化为趣味表演的惊人能力。 2. It seems as if(好像)she was born with a special "comedy gene". Her humorous（幽默的）way of expressing, whether it's imitating dialects or creating funny skits, makes the audience all over the country laugh heavily (make复合结构). She not only acts as a brilliant comedian on the stage but also works as a talented screenwriter and producer behind the scenes(not only...but also...). By doing so, she brings excellent comedy works(优秀的喜剧作品) to the public, so that(以至于） more and more people can be touched by her unique comedic charm and positive energy(其独特的喜剧魅力和正能量). 仿佛她生来就拥有特殊的“喜剧基因”。无论是模仿方言还是创作搞笑短剧，她幽默的表达方式总能让全国观众开怀大笑。她不仅在舞台上是一位出色的喜剧演员，在幕后还担任着才华横溢的编剧和制片人。通过这些努力，她为大众带来优秀的喜剧作品，让越来越多人被其独特的喜剧魅力和正能量所打动。 3.In her shows, we can always find that her words and actions are filled with a kind of natural humor(发现她的言行充满着一种自然的幽默感). She makes every character she plays so vivid and interesting(make复合结构）, as if those characters are real people living around us. Her works are full of potential(充满潜力), constantly breaking new ground in the comedy field and inspiring a new generation of comedy lovers(激励着新一代的喜剧爱好者). 在她的表演中，我们总能发现她的言行充满着一种自然的幽默感。她让扮演的每个角色都如此生动有趣，仿佛这些角色就是生活在我们身边的真实人物。她的作品充满潜力，在喜剧领域不断开拓新境界，也激励着新一代的喜剧爱好者。 【连句成篇】 Jia Ling, a renowned genius comedian in China, has obtained a high reputation in the comedy industry. With a talent for comedy, she turns ordinary life stories into amusing performances. Her humorous way of expressing, like imitating dialects, makes audiences laugh. Not only a comedian, but also a screenwriter and producer, she brings excellent works to the public, touching people with her charm and positive energy. Her vivid characters and potential works inspire new-generation comedy lovers. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$