第07讲 动词和动词短语（复习讲义）（北京专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第07讲 动词和动词短语 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 3 02 体系构建·思维可视 4 5 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 5 考点一 动词 5 知识点1 动词的分类 5 1 系动词 6 2 实义动词 6 3 情态动词 （详见本专辑第8讲） 7 4 助动词 7 知识点2 动词的构词法 7 考向1 动词的分类 8 思维建模 从动词的分类解题 8 考向2 动词的构成 8 考点二 高频动词和动词短语辨析 9 知识点1 高频动词归纳 9 知识点2 高频动词短语归纳 19 考向1 高频动词辨析 33 思维建模 根据上下文逻辑 + 词义精准辨析解题 34 考向2 高频动词短语辨析 34 考点三 一词多义、熟词生义 36 知识点1 动词的一词多义 36 知识点2 动词的熟词生义 41 考向1 动词的一词多义 45 考向2 动词的熟词生义 46 04真题溯源·考向感知 47 01 考情解码·命题预警 考点要求 考察形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 动词 选择题 非选择题 15T. had made 16T. are achieved 17T. traveling 18T. left 13T (give); 15T (name) 20T (jog) 11T(throw) 13T (arrive) 16T (establish) 动词短语 选择题 非选择题 \ 8T well up 5T flying by 动词 选择题 非选择题 4Tdemonstrated 5Tclouded 6T questioning B. reminding C. complaining D. requesting 5T Tested 7T Posted 9T clapping 3T write 4T learning 6T complaining 9T tell 考情分析： 1．从命题题型和内容上看，高考命题不多，高考命题以选择题为主，题目难度适中，主要考查以下几个方面：动词的分类（如系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词）、动词的构词法（如动词后缀、前缀）、高频动词及其短语的辨析、动词的一词多义和熟词生义等。 。 2．从命题思路上看，近年来高考对动词和动词短语的考查逐渐注重以下几点：一是对动词分类的理解和应用，二是对高频动词及其短语的辨析能力，三是对动词一词多义和熟词生义的掌握。 预计今后将继续以高频动词及其短语的辨析、动词的一词多义和熟词生义作为命题热点，考查考生的语言运用能力。 在复习中熟记动词的分类及其特点，掌握动词的构词法，积累高频动词及其短语的用法，多关注动词的一词多义和熟词生义现象。 复习目标： 1. 明确动词在高考中的考查形式和高频考点，建立动词分类知识框架，能准确区分系动词、实义动词的及物与不及物用法。 2. 掌握动词构词法的常见规则，能通过词缀（如 - ize、-en）推测派生动词的词义和词性。 3. 集中攻克高频动词的词义辨析，如 affect/effect、adapt/adopt 等易混动词，结合例句理解词义差异。 4. 系统整理动词短语的固定搭配，重点记忆 “动词 + 介词 / 副词” 的常考组合（如 account for、come up with），理解短语的多义性。 5. 积累动词的一词多义和熟词生义现象，如 power “驱动”、leaf “翻页”，通过阅读拓展词汇深度。 6. 针对高考真题中的动词考点（如时态、语态、非谓语）进行专项训练，提升语境分析和语法应用能力。 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点一 动词 知识点1 动词的分类 1 系动词 概述：系动词又叫连系动词，像一根纽带，起到联系主语和表语的作用。 表示状态：be（am, is, are） 表示感官：feel摸起来，look看起来，smell闻起来，sound听起来，taste尝起来 表示变化：become变得，go变得，run变得，fall变得，grow逐渐变得，turn变得 表示终止：prove证实，turn out变成 表示持续：keep保持，stay保持，remain保持不变，stand处于 易错提醒：1.有些单词一词多义，在作系动词时，要跟形容词作表语；但同一词形如果作实义动词用，意思变化，且用副词修饰。2.系动词有时态的变化，不能用于被动语态。 2 实义动词 概述：实义动词又叫行为动词，表示动作的动词，有实在的意义，如eat, run, think等。实义动词是具有完整意义，可以单独作谓语，主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语，分为及物动词和不及物动词。 常见的不及物动词有： agree同意 arrive到达 come来 die死 exist存在 fall掉下 spread传开 happen发生 lie平躺 stay待 walk走 rise升起 remain剩下 consist由......组成 go去 lie位于，在于 laugh大笑 snow下雪 live居住 think想 hope希望 名师提醒：1.不及物动词不能直接跟宾语，需要加上相应的介词才能跟宾语，不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 如talk to /with sb(与某人交谈)，think about sth(思考某事)， hope for sth.（希望某事），dream of sth.（梦想某事）。2.有些动词可以跟同源宾语如，dream a good/bad dream; live a comfortable life过着舒适的生活。3.有些动词表达动作事实是及物动词，如sell, lock, wash, write, spread; 表示性质特点时为不及物动词。 例1. The books have been sold out.（vt.）这些书已经卖完了。 例2. The book sells well.（vi.）这本书很畅销。 例3. You don’t have to write these things in detail. （vt.）你不必详细地写这些东西。 3 情态动词 （详见本专辑第8讲） 4 助动词 助动词没用词汇意义，不可单独作谓语，助动词可以协助主要动词构成时态或语态，疑问句或否定句。如do, does, did, have, has, had等。 句中有动词原形用do,does, did;无动词原形用be；现在完成时用have,has；过去完成时用had。 知识点2 动词的构词法 (1)动词后缀 ①-ize/-ise表示“变成,使⋯⋯化,以⋯⋯方式说”, 如modernize使现代化;memorize 记住, 背诵。 【高频再现】apology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memory→memorize记住real→realize认识到；实现modern→modernize使现代化。 ②-en表示“使成为,变得,使有”,如quicken加快,加速;weaken削弱,(使)变弱。 【高频再现】 broad→broaden使变宽ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽short→shorten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬soft→soften使缓和；使变柔软damp→dampen抑制；使潮湿fright→frighten使害怕threat→threaten威胁 ③-ify 表示“使……化”,如 beautiful美化;purify使洁净;simplify简化。 【高频再现】 class→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化beauty→beautify美化identity→identify识别quality→qualify使具有资格。 (2)动词前缀 ①pre-表示“前, 在……之前, 预先”, 如preview预演;predict预言。 ②en-表示“使, 使成为, 使处于⋯⋯状态” enlarge 扩大;encourage 鼓励;enrich 使丰富;enable 使能够。 ③dis- 表示“否定,相反,不”,如 disagree 不同意;dislike 不喜欢。还可表示“取消,除去,剥夺;分离,分开”, discourage 使泄气;discount打折扣;discover发现。 考向1 动词的分类 例1 These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。 【答案】closed 思维建模 从动词的分类解题 根据句子结构判断stay的词性，根据逻辑意思判断其用法，再根据设空单词的用法解题。 【变式训练1】The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 【解析】考查时态。句意：当我跳进游泳池晨练时，水感觉很凉。根据句意和句中“jumped”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“feel”意为“感觉”，为感官动词，用主动形式表示被动含义，“feel”的过去式为“felt”。故填felt。 【答案】felt 【变式训练2】 It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and （prove）extremely popular with the public. 【解析】考查系动词。句意：它有刷成白色的管道和亮红色的车厢，证明是在大众中特别受欢迎的。根据空格后面的形容词popular和给出的提示词，可知此处prove作系动词，“证明是、原来是、结果是”，根据前句时态一般过去时，故填proved。 【答案】proved 【变式训练3】The young man performed as if he (be) a woman on the stage. 【解析】考查谓语。句意：那位男人在舞台上表现的好像是一个女人一样。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“as if”引导的方式状语从句的虚拟语气结构，从句谓语跟主句谓语“performed”是同时发生，要用一般过去式的形式，be动词要用were。故填were。 【答案】were 考向2 动词的构成 例2 In Thailand, it’s customary to deep clean homes, schools, and public spaces to 48 (pure) them ahead of the Thai New Year. People toss water at each other in the streets to wash away the previous year’s bad luck and ensure luck for the year to come. 【答案】purify 【解析】48．考查动词。句意：在泰国，人们习惯在新年之前彻底清洁房屋、学校和公共场所，以净化它们。此空位于不定式符号to之后（不定式作目的状语），所以此处使用动词原形，pure的动词为purify意为“清洁，净化”符合句意。故填purify。 【变式训练1】．Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll (fright) the customers away. 【答案】frighten 【详解】考查动词。句意：别把价格定得太高，否则你会吓跑顾客的。空前有助动词will，所以空处应用动词原形。frighten意为“使惊吓”，frighten away表示“把……吓跑”。故填frighten。 【变式训练2】The boy can (memory) the data easily. 【答案】memorize 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个男孩能很容易地记住这些数据。根据空前的can可知，空处应用动词原形。memorize意为“记忆，记住”，为及物动词。故填memorize。 考点二 高频动词和动词短语辨析 知识点1 高频动词归纳 单词 汉译 单词 汉译 abandon 放弃；遗弃 accompany 陪伴 accumulate 积累 acknowledge 承认，鸣谢 acquire 获得；取得 adapt 适应，改编 addict 使上瘾；使沉溺 adjust 调整；校准 admire 钦佩 admit 承认；准许进入 adopt 采用；收养 advocate 提倡；主张 affect 影响 afford 支付得起 allocate 分配；拨出 analyze 分析 announce 公布；宣布 apologize 道歉 appeal 呼吁；有吸引力；上诉 appoint 委派，任命 appreciate 欣赏，感激 approach 接近 approve 批准，同意 arrest 逮捕 assess 评估 assume 假定；设想 attach 附，系，贴 attempt 企图，尝试 attend 参加，照料 attract 吸引 bargain 讨价还价 bathe （以光线）洒满，覆盖；使沐浴（在光线里） bear 忍受；承受 beat 击打；打败 betray 背叛 bite 咬；叮，蜇 bother 打扰 calculate 计算，估计 cancel 取消，撤销 cause 引起 challenge 挑战 claim 要求；宣称，断言 clarify 阐明，澄清 classify 分类；归类 command 命令 comment 评论 commit 犯（罪）；承诺 communicate 交流；沟通 compare 比较；对比 compete 竞争；比赛 complain 抱怨 complete 完成；使完整 confirm 确认，证实 conflict 冲突 confuse 使困惑；混淆 connect 连接；联系 conquer 征服；战胜 consider 考虑；认为 consult 咨询 consume 消费，消耗 contain 包含 convince 使信服；说服 crash 碰撞；撞击 crawl 爬行；匍匐前进 create 创造；创作 cultivate 培养 declare 宣告；申报；声明 decorate 装饰 dedicate 奉献；致力于 deliver 递送；发表 demonstrate 证明，演示，显示 deny 否认；拒绝承认 describe 描述 deserve 值得 design 设计；构思 destroy 毁坏 determine 决定；决心 develop 发展；培养 differ 不同；有差异 digest 消化；理解 dip 浸；蘸 direct 指导；指挥 disappear 消失 disappoint 使失望 discourage 使气馁，使沮丧 discover 发现 discuss 讨论 display 显示，陈列 distinguish 辨别，分清，区分 distribute （有计划地）分发 disturb 扰乱；妨碍 dive 跳水 divide 划分；分开 donate 捐赠 drag 拖，拉 draw 画；吸引；拉 dream 做梦；梦想 drop 掉下；放弃；错过 drown 淹没；溺死 earn 赚得；获得 eat 吃 educate 教育；培养 embarrass 使尴尬 emphasize 强调 encourage 鼓励 end 结束；终止 endure 忍受；忍耐 enrich 使丰富；使充实 ensure 确保；保证 enter 进入 entertain 娱乐；招待 envy 嫉妒；羡慕 escape 逃跑；逃脱 establish 建设 estimate 估计；评估 evaluate 评价，估价 evolve 进化；发展 examine 检查；调查 exchange 交换；交流 excite 使兴奋；使激动 expand 扩大；扩展 expect 期待，预计 experience 经历；体验 explain 解释 explore 探索；探究 expose 揭露；暴露 express 表达 extend 延伸；扩展 face 面对；面向 fade 逐渐消失；衰落 fail 失败；不及格 fall 倒下；落下 fancy 想象；设想；喜欢 feel 感觉；触摸 fetch 拿来拿去 figure 计算；认为；估计 figure out 算出，想出 fill 装满；充满 find 找到；发现 finish 完成；结束 fit 适合；安装 fix 修理；固定；确定 flatter 奉承；讨好 flee 逃跑；逃离 float 漂浮 focus 集中；聚焦 forbid 禁止；阻止 force 强迫；迫使 forget 忘记 forgive 原谅；宽恕 found 建立；创建 frame 表达；制订；给…… 做框 fulfill 履行（诺言），执行（命令） gain 获得；赢得 gather 聚集；收集 generate 产生；生成 get 得到；获得；变得 give 给 glance 瞥见 glare 瞪着看 graduate 毕业 grasp 抓住；理解 greet 问候；迎接 guarantee 保证 guess 猜测；推测 handle 处理；应对 hang 悬挂；吊死 happen 发生 harm 伤害；损害 hate 讨厌；憎恨 have 有 hear 听见 help 帮助 hide 隐藏 hold 举着；握住；容纳 honor 荣耀 hunt 寻找，打猎 identify 认出，识别 ignore 忽视；不理睬 illustrate 说明；阐明 imagine 想象 imitate 模仿 imply 暗示 import 进口 improve 改进；提高 include 包括 increase 增加 indicate 暗示；表明 infer 推断；推论 inform 通知 inspire 激发，鼓舞 install 安装 instruct 指导；指示 intend 打算；想要 interrupt 打断 introduce 介绍 invite 邀请 involve 包含，使参与 isolate 使隔离；使孤立 jump 跳 justify 证明…… 合理；为…… 辩护 keep 保持；保留 kick 踢 knock 敲 label 标记；分类 lack 缺乏；缺少 launch 发射；发起 lay 放置；下蛋 lead 领导；带领 learn 学习；得知 leave 离开；留下 lecture 演讲；讲课 link 连接；关联 listen 听 live 生活；居住 load 装载；加载 locate 位于；查找…… 的地点 look 看 lose 丢失；失去 love 爱；喜欢 maintain 维持；保持 make 制作；使得 manage 管理；经营；设法做成 manufacture 制造 march 行军，前进 mark 标记；打分 matter 要紧 measure 测量 meet 遇见；满足 mention 提及 migrate 迁移；迁徙 miss 错过；想念 mistake 弄错；误解 misunderstand 误解 mix 混合 model 模仿；塑造 modify 修改 monitor 监控；监测 move 移动；搬迁 multiply 乘；增加 name 命名；取名 narrow 使变窄 neglect 忽视；疏忽 obey 遵守 object 反对 observe 观察，遵守 obtain 获得 occupy 占据 offer 提供 omit 省略；遗漏 open 打开 operate 操作；运转；做手术 oppose 反对 order 命令；订购 organize 组织 ought 应该 overlook 忽视 owe 欠；应归功于 own 拥有 pace 来回踱步 pack 打包；包装 paint 绘画；油漆 participate 参加 pave 铺；创造条件 pay 支付 perform 表演，执行，表现 permit 允许，准许 persuade 说服 pick 挑选；采摘 place 放置 plan 计划 plant 种植 play 玩；演奏 please 使高兴；使满意 pledge 保证；发誓 point 指向 polish 擦亮；润色 pollute 污染 pop 突然出现 possess 拥有 postpone 推迟 pour 倒；灌 practice 练习 praise 赞扬 pray 祈望 predict 预言，预报 prefer 更喜欢 prepare 准备 present 呈现；赠送 preserve 保护，保存 press 按；压 pretend 假装 prevent 阻止 preview 预习；预览 prohibit 禁止；阻止 promote 促进，提升 pronounce 发音 proofread 校对 propose 提议；求婚 protect 保护 provide 提供 publish 出版 pull 拉 pump 抽水；打气 punish 惩罚 purchase 购买 push 推 put 放 qualify 符合，配得上 quit 停止；离开 race 比赛；赛跑 raise 举起；饲养；筹集 range 排列；变化 rate 评估；评价 reach 到达；够到 read 阅读 realize 意识到；实现 recall 回想起 receive 收到 recite 背诵 recognize 认出，认可 recommend 推荐 record 记录 recover 恢复 refer 参考；涉及 reflect 反映；反射 reform 改革 refresh 使恢复精力 refuse 拒绝 regard 认为；看待 register 登记；记录 regret 后悔；遗憾 reject 拒绝；驳回 relate 使相关；讲述 release 释放；发布 remain 留下，保持 remember 记得 remove 去除；脱去 repay 偿还，报答 repeat 重复；复述 replace 取代 reply 回复 report 报告 represent 代表 request 要求 reserve 预订，保留 resist 抵制 respond 回应 restore 恢复；修复 restrict 限制 result 导致 return 返回；归还 reveal 揭露；显示 review 校阅；评论；温习 revise 修订 rid 使摆脱 ride 骑 ring 打电话；按铃 rise 上升 roll 滚动；翻身 root 使生根；扎根 rotate 旋转 rush 迅速移动；匆忙行事 sacrifice 牺牲 satisfy 使满意 save 拯救；节省 say 说 scare 使害怕 scold 责骂 search 寻找 seize 抓住；夺取 select 选择 sell 卖 send 送；派遣 sense 感觉；意识到 separate 分开；分离 serve 服务 set 设置；放置 settle 解决；定居 sew 缝 shake 摇动；颤抖 share 分享 sharpen 使锋利 shine 发光；照耀 shock 使震惊 shoot 射击 show 展示 shrink 收缩 shut 关闭 sigh 叹气 sign 签名；示意 signal 发信号 sink 下沉 sit 坐 skip 跳过 slip 滑倒 smell 闻；嗅 smile 微笑 snow 下雪 soak 浸泡 solve 解决 somehow 设法 sort 分类 sound 听起来 sow 播种 speak 说 speed 加速 spell 拼写 spend 花费 spill 溢出 spin 旋转 split 分裂；分开 spoil 宠坏；破坏 spot 发现，看见 spread 传播 spring 跳跃 spy 窥探 stare 盯着看 start 开始 starve 挨饿 state 陈述 stay 停留 steal 偷 stick 粘贴；坚持 stimulate 刺激 stir 搅拌；激起 stop 停止 store 储存 strengthen 加强 strike 打；撞 string 串起；悬挂 strip 剥夺 struggle 挣扎；努力 study 学习；研究 submit 顺从；提交 succeed 成功 suffer 遭受 suggest 建议 suit 适合 sum 总结 supply 供应 support 支持 suppose 假设 surf 冲浪 surprise 使惊讶 survive 幸存 suspect 怀疑 swear 咒骂；发誓 sweep 打扫 swim 游泳 switch 改变；交换 symbolize 象征 sympathize 同情 taste 品尝 teach 教 tear 撕 tell 告诉 tend 趋向；照顾 test 测试 thank 感谢 think 思考 threaten 威胁 throw 扔 tolerate 容忍 touch 触摸 track 追踪 trade 交易 train 训练 translate 翻译 transport 运输 trap 困住 treasure 珍惜 tremble 颤抖 trick 欺骗 trip 绊倒 trust 信任 try 尝试 turn 转动；变得 twist 扭曲 underline 强调 understand 理解 undertake 承担；承诺 unfold 展开 unite 联合 unlock 开锁 update 更新 urge 鞭策；催促 use 使用 vacate 腾出；空出 value 重视 vary 变化 veil 掩饰；遮盖 view 看待；观看 violate 违反 visit 参观 volunteer 自愿做 vote 投票 wake 唤醒 walk 走 wander 闲逛 want 想要 warn 警告 wash 洗 waste 浪费 watch 观看 water 浇水 wave 挥手 wear 穿戴 weave 编织 weep 流泪，哭泣 weigh 称重 welcome 欢迎 whisper 低语 win 赢 wind 缠绕 wipe 擦 wish 希望 witness 目击；见证 wonder 想知道 work 工作 worry 担心 write 写 知识点2 高频动词短语归纳 短语动词的构成主要有如下几种： (1) 动词+副词 blow up 炸毁 break in 打断 break out爆发 bring up 抚养 carry out执行 find out 查出 give in 屈服 give up 放弃 go ahead前进;去做 go back 回去 go on 继续 hand in 上交 make out 认出 make up 构成 pick out挑选出来 point out 指出 put aside 把······放在一边 put away把……收起 put down放下;写下 put forward 提出 put on 穿上;上演 ring up 打电话 run away 逃离 set aside 留出 set up 搭起,建起 take in 吸收;欺骗 take off脱下 think over 认真思考 throw away 扔掉 (2)动词+介词 account for 解释 apply for 申请 approve of赞成;同意 arrive at/in 到达 ask for 请求 attend to 照料 begin with 以……开始 believe in 信任 break into 破门而入 break through 突破 care about 关心 care for 喜欢 cater for迎合;满足 consist of由…组成 come across 偶然碰到 complain of/about 抱怨 deal with 对付,处理 depend on 依靠 die from 死于 dream of/about 梦到 get off 下车 listen to 听 look after 照顾 look at 看 look into 调查 operate on 为……动手术 object to 反对 think of 考虑 work on 从事 go over 复习 go through 从……穿过 (3) 动词+副词+介词 add up to 总计为,总共是 break away from脱离;逃脱 catch up with 赶上;达到 come up to 达到 come up with 提出 cut down on 削减 date back to 追溯到 do away with 废除 drop out of退出 face up to 敢于面对 get along/on with 与……和睦相处;进展 get away with 偷走 get down to 开始认真从事 go in for 参加考试(或竞赛) go on with 继续 hold on to 抓住 keep away from 远离 keep out of 避免 keep up with 跟上 live up to 不负于,符合 look down on/upon 轻视 look forward to 盼望 look up to 尊敬 make up for 补偿 put up with 忍受 run out of 用光 watch out for 留意 (4) 动词+名词+介词 catch hold of 抓住 catch sight of 看见 draw one’s attention to 吸引某人对……的注意 find fault with 挑……的毛病 give voice to 表达对………的想法 give rise to 引起 keep an eye on 留意 keep pace with 赶上 lose sight of 看不见 make a fool of 愚弄 make friends with 与………交朋友 make fun of 取笑 make mention of 提到 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意 put an end to 结束 set fire to 放火烧 set foot on 进入,参观 show interest in对……表现出兴趣 take advantage of利用 take care of 照顾 take hold of 抓住 take notice of 注意到 take part in 参加 take pride in 以…自豪 take the place of 代替 turn a deaf ear to 对………充耳不闻 take account of考虑到 (5)动词+名词 keep watch 放哨 take place 发生 take aim 瞄准 play truant逃学 (6)动词+介词+名词 ① 动词后需跟宾语类 bring…to an end 使……结束 bring…under control 使……在掌控下 have. .. in mind 记住…… keep…in mind 牢记…… learn…by heart 背熟…… put…into effect使……生效 ② 动词后不带宾语类 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 come into being 形成 come to power 开始执政 come into use 开始使用 come into effect 生效 put on weight长胖;发福 2. 以动词为词源形成的常用短语动词 (1) break+介词/副词 break down失败;摧毁;出故障;(身体)垮掉;分解 break out(战争、火灾等)爆发 break through 突破,突围 break off中断,突然终止 break up粉碎;结束;(指人群)散开,解散 break in 破门而入(不及物) break into 强行闯入(及物) break away 突然挣脱;逃脱;脱离 (2) bring+介词/副词 bring about 使发生;造成 bring back 带回来;使恢复 bring down 降低,减少;使降落;击落 bring in 引进;提出;赚得 bring out 出版;生产;使显现 bring up培养,养育;提出(讨论等 );呕吐 (3) come+介词/副词 come about 发生 come out 出来;出现;出版 come up 走上前,走近;被提到 come across 偶遇 come along 出现;进步;跟随 (4) cut+介词/副词 cut in 插嘴;插队 cut off切断 cut up 切碎 cut away 砍掉 cut down 砍倒;削减 cut out 删除;剪下 (5) call+介词/副词 call for 要求 call back 回电话 call up 使想起;(给某人)打电话 call on 号召;拜访(某人) call in 召集 call off 取消 (6) get+介词/副词 get through到达;完成;通过;渡过;打通(电话) get in 收获,收割 get on上(车) ;进展;对付,应付 get over 克服 get across 通过;被理解 get along 应付;进展 get away 离开;脱身 (7) give+介词/副词 give up 放弃 give in屈服;投降 give away赠送,捐赠;泄露 give off放出;发出 give out分发;散发;用完 (8) go+介词/副词 go by(时间)过去,流逝 go down 下降 go up 上升 go over复习,温习 go through 经历;通过 (9) keep+介词/副词 keep away远离,避开 keep…out使不进入 keep back 隐瞒;扣留 keep on 继续 keep off避开;使……不接近 keep up 保持 (10) look+介词/副词 look after 照顾,照料 look around 环顾 look for 寻找 look into 调查 look out向外看;当心 look through 浏览;快速查看 look up 向上看;查阅 (11) make+介词/副词 make out辨认出 make up编造;组成,构成;补齐,凑足 (12) pick+介词/副词 pick out辨认出;挑出 pick up捡起; 学会; 获得; 开车去接; 情况好转；接收(节目)；买到 (13) turn+介词/副词 turn around/round(使)向后转,回头,转身 turn against(使)反对(某人) turn up 调高;到来;出现 turn down调低,关小;拒绝 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开 turn in上交;产生;告发 turn out熄灭;生产;证明是 turn over 翻转 turn to求助于;转向 (14) put+介词/副词 put aside 把······放在一边;储存 put away把……收拾好;积蓄 put down放下;记下;镇压 put forward 提出(建议) put in 放进 put off 推迟,拖延 put on 穿上,戴上;增加;上演 put out(把火)扑灭 put up 举起;张贴;搭建;提供 (15) set+介词/副词 set about (doing sth.)着手(做某事) set aside把……放在一边;留出 set down 写下,记下 set up 建立,创立 set off激起;引爆;出发,动身 set out(to do sth.)着手(做某事) ;出发 (16) take+介词/副词 take apart拆卸;拆开 take away带走,拿走,取走 take down记下;拆卸;取下 take off起飞;脱下;匆匆离开 take on承担;呈现;雇用 take over接手,接管;接替 take in 理解;吸收;欺骗 take up 占据;开始从事 3.以介词或副词为词源形成的常用短语动词 (1)动词+ about argue about 争辩 bring about 引起,使发生 complain about 抱怨 care about关心;在乎 carry about 随身携带 come about 发生 go about 着手;开始 quarrel about 为………吵架 hear about 听说 know about 了解 look about 四下环顾 set about 着手,开始 speak/talk about谈论 think about 思考 worry about 为……担心 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 (2)动词+across come across无意中碰到;被理解 get across通过;被理解 cut across抄近路穿过 run across 偶然遇见 (3)动词+apart fall apart 崩溃 tell apart 区分 take apart 拆开 tear apart撕碎 (4)动词+aside leave aside 不考虑 set aside 留出 (5)动词+at aim at 向………瞄准 arrive at 到达 call at停靠在(地点) come at 扑向 glance at 瞥一眼 glare at 怒视 laugh at 嘲笑 look at看,注视 point at 指向 shoot at 向………射击 shout at 对………大喊 smile at 向………微笑 stare at 凝视 wonder at 惊讶于 work at 从事于 (6)动词+from arise from 由………引起 benefit from 从………中受益 come from 来自 date from 追溯到 die from 死于 differ from 与………不同 distinguish…from…使………不同于……… hear from 收到………的来信 judge from 从………判断 keep/stop/prevent…from…阻止……做……… learn from 向………学习 protect... from...保护……使其免受…… result from 由于 separate... from...把······与······分离开 suffer from 受………之苦 vary from 不同于 (7)动词+away blow away轻易击败 break a way摆脱,逃脱 carry away 带走 cast away 使漂流到 die away 逐渐消失 fade away逐渐消失,渐弱 give away 泄露;暴露 pass away 去世 put away把………收拾起来/放回原处 take away 拿走 throw away扔掉;抛弃 turn away 把……打发走 wash away 冲走 (8)动词+ back bring back 带回;使想起 give back 归还 hold back 控制住;忍住;犹豫 keep back 隐瞒;保留 look back (on)回顾 (9)动词+by abide by 遵守 go by(时间)过去 sit by 坐视不管 stand by 支持 (10)动词+down break down 分解;出故障 bring down 使降低 burn down 烧毁(建筑物) calm down 平静下来 cut down 削减;砍倒 die down 减弱,平息 hand down 传递,传给 let down 使失望;放下 lay down放下;中断 pass down 传下来 push down 减少 put down 记下;镇压 settle down 安家 take down 记下,记录 turn down调小;拒绝 (11)动词+for answer for 为………负责 apologize for 为………道歉 apply for 申请 ask for 要求 beg for 乞求 call for需要;要求 care for 喜欢 fight for 为………而斗争 hope for 希望 hunt for 寻找 leave for 动身去 long for 渴望 look for 寻找 pay for 为………付费 plan for 为………计划 prepare for为………做准备 provide for 提供 search for 寻找 seek for 寻找 send for 请某人来 stand for 代表 take for 误以为 wait for 等候 (12)动词+in break in强行进入;插话 bring in 引进 call in召集;叫来 check in 报到;登记 consist in 在于,存在于 differ in在⋯⋯⋯方面不同 drop in 顺便拜访 end in 以………结束 fill in 塞满;填写 get in 收获;进入 give in 让步 hand in 上交 join in 参加 lie in 在于 participate in 参加 result in 导致 share in 分担 succeed in 在……方面成功 take in收留;吸收;欺骗 trust in 相信 turn in 上交 (13)动词+into burst into 突然爆发 change…into 把……变成 divide. .. into把······分成 get into 进入,陷入 knock into撞上 look into 调查 translate…into 把………翻译成 run into 碰到 turn into 变成 (14)动词+of approve of赞成 admit of 容许 come of是……的结果 consist of由⋯⋯⋯组成 die of死于(内因) dream of梦见;梦想 hear of 听说 know of知道;了解 speak of 谈到 talk of谈论 think of 想起 (15)动词+off call off 取消 cut off 阻挡;切断 die off相继死亡 fall off脱落 get off下车 give off 发出 keep off避开;勿走近 leave off停止 pay off还清;成功 put off 延期,推迟 ring off 挂断电话 see. .. off为……送行 send off发出,寄出 set off出发 show off炫耀 start off 动身 take off脱下;起飞;开始成功 (16)动词+on act on 按……行事 call on 拜访 carry on 继续做 count on 依赖 comment on 评论 concentrate on 集中于,专注于 depend on 依靠 feed on 以……为食 focus on 集中 have. .. on穿着…… hold on 等一等;别挂电话 insist on 坚持 keep/go on继续 live on 以……为生 look on 旁观 move on 进步;往前走 pass on传给,传递 pull on猛吸,狠抽(香烟等) put on穿上,戴上;上演 rely on 依靠 switch on 打开 take on呈现;雇用;承担 try on 试穿 turn on 打开 wait on 服侍,招待 work on 从事 (17)动词+out break out爆发 bring out阐明;使表现出 burst out 突然开始 burn out烧毁;燃尽 carry out 执行 check out结账离开 come out出版;出来 die out 消失,灭绝 figure out算出;弄明白 find out查清楚,弄明白 give out分发,发布;用完 go out熄灭 hand out分发 help out 帮助(某人摆脱困难) keep out使……不进入 leave out省去;遗漏;不把……计算在内 let out发出( 叫声等) ;使……解脱 look out向外看;注意,当心 make out理解;看清楚 pick out挑出;辨别出 point out 指出 put out 扑灭 run out 用完 send out 发出;分发 set out 出发;着手 speak out挺身(反对某事物) try out试用;试验 stand out 突出 turn out结果是;生产 watch out 当心;注意 wear out穿破;使……疲劳 work out算出;了解 (18)动词+over fall over跌倒,摔倒 get over克服;从………中恢复 hand over 移交 go over仔细检查;反复研究 knock over推翻;撞倒 look over 翻阅;检查 push over推倒 take over接管,接替 think over仔细考虑 turn over 翻转 watch over 照管;监视 (19)动词+ through break through 突破;突围 carry through顺利实现;成功完成 get through 通过;接通电话 go through 审阅；检查 live through 经受住 look through 浏览；快速查看 pull through 完成；康复 put ...through 给。。。。。。接通电话 see through 看透；看穿 （20） 动词+to adapt to 适应 add to增加 adjust to 习惯 apply to 向。。。。。申请 agree to 同意 amount to 总计；等于 appeal to 吸引；呼吁 attend to 处理；对付；照顾 belong to 属于 come to 被想出；共计 contribute to 促进；捐助 devote...to把。。。。。。用于 get to 到达 lead to导致；通向 listen to 听 object to 反对 point to指出 refer to谈到；涉及；参考 reply to 回答 see to 处理；照管 stick to 坚持 take to喜爱上；沉湎于 turn to 向。。。。。。求助 write to 给。。。。。。写信 （21） 动词+up break up 解散；结束；粉碎 bring up抚养；呕吐；提出 build up 建立 burn up烧掉；烧毁 call up 打电话 check up核对；检验 clear up整理；收拾；放晴 come up升起；长出；出现 cut up切碎 do up修理；包装；装饰 draw up草拟 dress up穿上盛装 end up 结束 eat up吃完 fix up修理；安排 get up起床；站起 hurry up 赶快 grow up 成长；长大 hold up 阻止；妨碍 make up构成；组成；化妆 keep up保持；维护；继续 look up 保持；维护；继续 look up 查找 give up放弃 go up增长；上涨 pick up拾起；学会；开车来接；接收到 put up搭起，架起；提供；张贴 ring up打电话 send up取笑 set up 设置;建立 speed up 加快速度 stay up 熬夜 show up 出现 take up开始学;开始从事;占据 tear up 撕碎 turn up 调大(音量等) ;出席,出现 wake up 醒来 (22)动词+with agree with 同意 begin with 以……开始 combine…with…把……与……结合起来 compare... with...把······与······相比 connect…with…把……与……相连 correspond with符合,与……一致 cover…with…用……覆盖…… deal with 处理,对付 do with 处理,对待 end with 以……结束 equip... with... 以......装备…… fight with 与……斗争 furnish…with…为……配备…… live with 忍受 meet with 遇到,遭受 mix with…与……混合 play with 玩,玩弄 provide/supply…with…把……供给…… quarrel with 与……争吵 reason with 与……理论 share…with…和……分享…… talk with 同……交谈 4. 动词的固定搭配 (1)含有介词to 的动词短语 be/get used to 习惯于,适应 pay attention to 注意 lead to 导致;通向 devote oneself to/be devoted to 献身于,致力于 look forward to 期望 stick to 坚持 object to 反对 get down to 开始做 contribute to 贡献 react to对……作出反应 adapt/adjust to 适应 appeal to 吸引 attach…to…把……贴到……上 belong to 属于 refer to 提到,提及 turn to 转向;求助于 see to办理;照管 (2)动词+sb.+of sth. accuse sb. of sth.指控某人某事 cure sb. of sth.治好某人的……病 inform sb. of sth.告知某人某事 remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事 rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物 rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物 warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事 convince sb. of sth.使某人信服某事 (3)动词+sb.+ for sth. blame sb. for sth.因某事/物而责备某人 forgive sb. for sth.因某事/物而原谅某人 punish sb. for sth.因某事/物而惩罚某人 scold sb. for sth.因某事/物而责骂某人 thank sb. for sth.因某事/物而感谢某人 (4) be/get/become+过去分词/形容词+介词 be dressed in 穿着 be fond of爱好,喜爱 be lost in 沉溺于 be located in 位于 be addicted to 沉溺于 be/get used to 习惯于 be curious about 对……好奇 be engaged in 忙于 be convinced of 确信 be/become aware of 知道 be worried about 担心 be set in 以……为背景 be buried/absorbed in 专心于 考向1 高频动词辨析 例1 【2025北京卷】It was a rush I had never experienced before. Enjoying all the eyes on me, I ____4____ how to open the lock. 4. A. discovered B. recommended C. demonstrated D. imagined 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：享受着所有人的目光，我演示了如何开锁。A. discovered发现；B. recommended推荐；C. demonstrated演示；D. imagined想象。根据前文作者的话“It’s possible to open that lock with another key”和“Instantly, eyes turned to me with newfound interest and curiosity.”可知，作者知道如何用其它钥匙开锁，为了享受大家的关注，所以演示了开锁方法。故选C项。 【变式训练1】（2025·京市昌平·二模）For years, I had 4 to draw except for stick figures and convinced that creativity5 wasn’t my gift. But as raindrops tapped the window like a piece of beautiful music, an idea sparked — I mixed greys and blues to capture the rhythm of the storm. 4．A．pretended B．decided C．promised D．refused 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，除了简笔画外，我一直拒绝画画，并坚信创造力不是我的天赋。A. pretended假装；B. decided决定；C. promised答应；D. refused拒绝。根据下文“wasn’t my gift”可知，作者觉得自己没有天赋，所以拒绝画画。故选D。 【变式训练2】（2025·北京朝阳·高三下二次六联完形填空片段）I felt a change5 in me straight away. I had a purpose again. Days were lost to discussing hot topics and 6 the words of their strong and opinionated (坚持己见的) voices. 7 in their world, I could see myself making a difference to the team’s writing ability. 6．A．reading B．translating C．spelling D．copying 7．A．Trapped B．Hidden C．Invested D．Imagined 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天的时间在讨论热点话题和阅读他们的强烈和坚持己见的声音中过去了。A. reading阅读；B. translating翻译；C. spelling拼写；D. copying复制。根据上文“My role was to help teams of young people edit their content and help them with their work.”作者的工作是编辑，应该是首先要阅读表达年轻人观点的文章，再进行修改指导编辑。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：投入到他们的世界中，我可以看到自己对团队的写作能力有很大的影响。A. Trapped困住；B. Hidden隐藏；C. Invested投资，投入；D. Imagined想象。根据上文“Days were lost to discussing hot topics and ______6______ the words of their strong and opinionated (坚持己见的) voices.”可知，作者我喜欢这份工作，后面表示对这些年轻人的习作能力有了很大的影响，说明作者应该是全身心地投入的工作中。故选C项。 思维建模 根据上下文逻辑 + 词义精准辨析解题 索定位与语境分析： 前文明确作者的角色：My role was to help teams of young people edit their content and help them with their work. (我的角色是帮助年轻人团队编辑他们的内容并协助他们的工作)。 紧扣作者角色 (editor/helper)： 编辑的核心动作链条是 “阅读 -> 理解 -> 讨论 -> 修改/指导”。reading 是起点和必要环节。 考向2 高频动词短语辨析 例1【2022北京卷】That cold Monday morning, he waited a long, long while for adults to ____9____. 9. A. show up B. pull up C. hold up D. line up 【解析】A 【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：在那个寒冷的周一早晨，他等了很久很久，才等到大人的出现。A. show up露面，出现；B. pull up拔起、停下来；C. hold up举起、阻挡；D. line up排队。根据上下文语义可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，才等到大人出现给他开门，此处用show up符合语境。故选A项。 【变式训练1】 （2025·北京朝阳·高三下二次六联）The biggest change the job brought, though was to my well-being. It is rare you find yourself in a job you love, one that you are happy to 9 each day. I was thriving in this creative environment, inspired by the talented young people I was helping to 10 their careers. Now, I realize that there are jobs that will keep you happy, energetic and inspired. 9．A．leave behind B．go into C．refer to D．set aside 10．A．transfer B．rescue C．discipline D．further 9．【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你很难找到自己喜欢的工作，一份你每天都乐意投入的工作。A. leave behind甩在后面；B. go into参加，开始从事；C. refer to参考，提及，指的是；D. set aside暂时搁置一边。根据上文“The biggest change the job brought, though was to my well-being”以及下文“I was thriving in this creative environment”可知，作者找到了一份自己喜爱的工作，每天很投入地去做(go into)。故选B项。 10．【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在这种创造性的环境下很充实，我帮助这些有才华的年轻人取得事业的进一步发展，而我也深受鼓舞启发。A. transfer转移，移交；B. rescue救援；C. discipline纪律，惩罚；D. further使进一步，推进。作者作为编辑帮这些年轻作者修改稿子，提高他们的写作能力，应该是推动了他们的事业更进一步发展。故选D项。 【变式训练2】 （2025·京市东城·二模）Once she retired, she 6 for a hat-making course at a college. Once a week, she would take the train to London and begin the complicated process7 of handcrafting pieces. She learned everything from finding inspiration to sketching and making a range of stylish hats. 6．A．made up B．reached out C．signed up D．looked out 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：退休后，她报名参加了一所大学的制帽课程。A. made up组成，编造；B. reached out伸手拿；C. signed up报名；D. looked out当心。根据下文“Once a week, she would take the train to London”和“She learned everything from finding inspiration to sketching and making a range of stylish hats.”可知，她报名参加了制帽课程，故选C。 考点三 一词多义、熟词生义 知识点1 动词的一词多义 单词 / 短语 汉译 单词 / 短语 汉译 abandon 遗弃；放弃 abuse 滥用；虐待；辱骂 access 接近；进入；使用权限；通道（n.）；接近；使用（v.） accompany 陪伴；为…… 伴奏；附有 accomplish 完成；实现 account 账户；解释（n.）；解释；导致；占（比例）（v.） acknowledge 承认；致谢；告知收到 address 称呼；演说；写姓名地址；处理 adjust 调整；适应 admit 承认；准许进入；容纳 advocate 提倡，主张 affect 影响；感动；假装 appeal 呼吁；有吸引力；上诉 apply 申请；应用；涂，敷 appoint 委派，任命 approach 接近；方法；途径（n.）；接近；处理（v.） approve 批准；赞成，同意 argue 争论，辩论；主张，认为 arrange 安排；整理；布置 assume 假定；设想；承担；呈现 attach 附，系，贴；重视 attempt 企图，尝试 attend 参加；照顾；注意 attribute 把…… 归因于；属性，特征（n.） bargain 讨价还价；便宜货（n.） bear 忍受；承受；承担；生育；携带 beat （尤指用棍或其他硬物）接连地打，击；打败，胜过；跳动 benefit 益处，好处（n.）；有益于；受益 betray 背叛；出卖；泄露 block 街区；障碍物（n.）；阻塞；阻止 bother 打扰；麻烦（n.）；费心（常用于否定句和疑问句） break down 分解；出故障；崩溃；失败 break out 爆发 break up 打碎；分裂；解散；结束 bring about 导致，引起 bring up 养育；提出；呕吐 calculate 计算，估计 call for 要求；需要；提倡 call off 取消 call on 拜访（某人）；号召 carry out 执行，实施 catch on 流行起来；理解 catch up with 赶上；追上 cause 导致；原因（n.） challenge 挑战；质疑；艰巨任务（n.）；向…… 挑战；质疑 charge 收费；充电；指控；负责（n.）；收费；充电；指控；使承担责任（v.） claim 要求；宣称，断言；索赔 classify 分类，归类 commit 犯（罪）；承诺；使承担义务 compromise 妥协，和解；损害（n. / v.） conclude 结束；推断出，得出结论 conduct 组织，实施；指挥（乐队等）；表现；行为（n.） confirm 证实；确认；批准 confuse 使困惑；混淆 consider 考虑；认为；体谅 consume 消耗；消费；吃，喝 contain 包含，容纳；控制，抑制 continue 继续；持续 contract 合同，契约（n.）；收缩；订合同（v.） convince 使信服；说服 count on 依靠，指望 cover 覆盖；包括；报道；支付（费用）；封面（n.） crash 碰撞；撞击；崩溃；倒闭 create 创造；创建；引起 cure 治愈；疗法（n.）；治愈，治疗 cut down 削减；砍倒 cut off 切断；中断；隔绝 deal with 处理；对付；涉及 decline 下降；拒绝；衰落（n. / v.） deliver 递送；发表；接生 demand 要求；需求（n.）；要求；需要 depend on 依靠，依赖 deserve 应得；值得 design 设计；图案，设计图（n.）；设计；旨在，目的是 desire 渴望；欲望（n.）；渴望，期望 destroy 破坏，摧毁；消灭 detect 察觉，发现；检测 develop 发展；开发；养成；冲洗（照片） devote 致力于；奉献；把…… 用于 differ 不同，有差异 dig out 挖出；发现 direct 指导；指挥；导演；直接的（adj.） disappear 消失；失踪 discover 发现；发觉 discourage 使气馁；阻止 distinguish 辨别，分清 disturb 扰乱；妨碍 divide 划分；分开；除 do with 处理；忍受 draw on 利用；凭借；临近 dream of 梦想；梦见 drop in 顺便拜访 earn 挣得；赢得；获得 effect 效果，影响（n.）；实现，使发生（v.） encounter 遭遇；邂逅 end up 最终成为；以…… 告终 engage 从事；使参与；雇佣；订婚 ensure 确保，保证 evaluate 评价，评估 examine 检查；审查；考试 exceed 超过；超出 exchange 交换；交流；交易所（n.）；交换，交流（v.） expand 扩大；扩展；膨胀 expect 预料；期待；要求 explain 解释；说明 expose 揭露；暴露 face 面对；面临；脸（n.） fade 逐渐消失；衰落；褪色 fail 失败；不及格；未能（做某事）；失灵 fall for 迷恋；上…… 的当 fall out 争吵；脱落 figure out 计算出；弄明白 fill in 填写；填补 fit in (with) 相处；适应 fix on 确定；选定；集中（目光等）于 forbid 禁止；阻止 form 形式；表格（n.）；形成；组成；养成 found 创建，建立 get across 使理解；使通过 get away 离开；逃脱 get down to 开始认真处理，着手做 get in 进入；收获；插话 get off 下车；离开；脱下 get on 上车；进展；相处 get over 克服；恢复；熬过 get rid of 摆脱；除去 get through 通过；接通（电话）；完成 give away 赠送；泄露；暴露 give in 屈服；让步；上交 give off 发出（光、热、气味等） give out 分发；发出（声音等）；用完，耗尽 give up 放弃；停止 go ahead 前进；请便；继续 go by 经过；（时间）流逝；遵循 go in for 参加；爱好 go out 出去；熄灭；过时 go through 经历；浏览；仔细检查；通过 graduate 毕业；获得学位；使毕业（v.）；毕业生（n.） guarantee 保证，担保；保修单（n.）；保证，担保（v.） handle 处理；操作；把手（n.） head for 前往；朝…… 方向行进 hold on 等一会儿；坚持；不挂断（电话） hold up 举起；支撑；延迟；抢劫 ignore 忽视；不理会 impact 影响；冲击（n.）；影响；冲击（v.） imply 暗示 import 进口；进口商品（n.）；进口（v.） improve 改进，改善；提高 include 包括，包含 increase 增加，增长（n. / v.） indicate 表明；指示；暗示 infer 推断，推理 inform 通知，告知 insist on 坚持 inspire 激励，鼓舞；启发；引发 involve 包含，需要；牵涉；使参与 join in 参加，加入 judge 判断；评判；法官（n.） keep up with 跟上；与…… 保持同步 knock down 击倒；撞倒；降低（价格等） know 知道；认识；了解；精通 lay 放置；铺设；产卵；下蛋 lead to 导致，造成 learn 学习；了解到；得知 leave 离开；留下；使处于（某种状态） let down 使失望；放下 let out 放出；发出（声音等）；泄露 lie 躺；位于；撒谎（v.）；谎言（n.） link 联系，连接；纽带（n.） live up to 达到（预期）；符合（要求） look after 照顾，照料 look down on/upon 轻视，看不起 look forward to 期待，盼望 look into 调查；研究 look out 小心，当心 look through 浏览；仔细查看 make for 走向；有助于 make it 获得成功；准时赶到 make up 组成；编造；化妆；弥补 manage 设法（做）；经营；管理 matter 要紧；有关系（v.）；事情，问题（n.） measure 测量；衡量；尺寸（n.） meet with （偶然）遇到；经历；符合 mention 提及，提到 miss 错过；想念；未击中；漏掉 monitor 监测；监控；班长（n.） move 移动；感动；搬家；行动（n.） march 行进；游行示威；三月（n.）；行进；使前进（v.） observe 观察；庆祝；遵守 occur 发生；出现；被想到 offer 提供；主动提出；报价（n. / v.） operate 操作；经营；动手术 oppose 反对；抵制 order 命令；订单；顺序（n.）；命令；订购；整理（v.） ought to 应该，应当 owe 欠（钱、债等）；归功于；应感激 pack up 整理；收拾行李 pace 步伐；速度（n.）；来回踱步；确定速度（v.） participate 参加，参与 perform 表演；执行；履行；表现 persuade 说服，劝服 pick up 接载；捡起；学会；恢复（健康等） point out 指出 pour 倒，灌；倾泻；涌入 practise 练习；实践；从事（职业） present 提出；呈现；赠送；现在的（adj.）；礼物；现在（n.） prevent 阻止，预防 promote 促进；提升；宣传 promise 答应；承诺；希望，前途（n.） pull down 拆毁；拉下；使降低 pull out 拔出；离开；（火车等）出站 put aside 储存；把…… 放在一边 put away 放好；储存 put forward 提出；将…… 提前 put off 推迟，拖延 put on 穿上；上演；增加（体重等） put out 扑灭；伸出；出版 put up 张贴；搭建；提供住宿 raise 提升，举起；筹集；养育；提出 reach 到达；达到；伸手去够；范围（n.） react 反应；回应 realize 实现；意识到；变卖 recognize 认出，识别；承认 reduce 减少；降低；使沦为 refer to 提及；参考；查阅；指的是 reflect 反射；反映；反思 rely on 依靠，信赖 remove 移动；去除，使消失；开除 replace 取代，代替；更换 require 需要；要求 rescue 营救，救援；营救行动（n.） resist 抵抗，抵制；忍住 respond 回答，回应；做出反应 restore 恢复；修复；归还 retire 退休；退下；退出 review 复习；回顾；评论；审查（n. / v.） rid 使摆脱；使去掉 rise 上升；升起；增长；起身 run into 偶然遇到；撞上；陷入 save 拯救，挽救；节省；储存 scare 使害怕，惊吓；害怕的（adj.，常用于 be scared of 结构） search for 寻找，搜寻 seize 抓住；夺取；理解 select （精心地）挑选，选定 serve as 担任；用作 settle 解决；定居；使平静 shape 形状；外形（n.）；塑造；形成 share 分享；共享；份额（n.） shoot 射击；拍摄；发芽 show off 炫耀 show up 出现；露面 shrink 收缩；缩小；减少 signal 信号；暗号（n.）；发信号；示意（v.） simplify 简化，使简易 skip 跳过；略过；跳绳 slow down 放慢速度 solve 解决；解答 spare 省出，抽出（时间等）；备用的（adj.） spot 发现；认出；斑点；地点（n.） stand 站立；忍受；位于；看台（n.） starve 挨饿；饿死；渴望 state 陈述，说明；国家；州（n.） stick to 坚持；遵守；粘贴在…… 上 strike 突然性或一次性的击打；罢工；撞击；突然想起（常用于 It strikes sb. that... 结构） struggle 挣扎；奋斗；努力；斗争 succeed 成功；接替；继任 suffer 遭受；忍受；受苦 supply 供应；供给；补给（n. / v.） support 支持；支撑；供养；证据（n.） suppose 认为；假定；猜想 switch 开关；转换（n. / v.） take after （外貌、性格等）与…… 相像 take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 take off 脱下；起飞；成名；请假 take on 承担；呈现；雇用 take over 接管；接任 take up 占据（时间、空间等）；开始从事；拿起 target 目标；靶子（n.）；把…… 作为目标；瞄准（v.） taste 味道；滋味（n.）；品尝；尝起来（v.） tend 倾向于；照料，护理 test 测试，考验；试验（n. / v.） thank 感谢，感激 think over 仔细考虑 throw away 扔掉；浪费 transform 转换、改造；使改观 treat 对待；治疗；款待（n. / v.） try out 试验；试用 turn down 拒绝；调小（音量等） turn in 上交；归还 turn off 关掉；关闭 turn on 打开；发动 turn out 结果是；证明是；生产 turn over 翻转；移交；仔细考虑 turn to 转向；求助于；翻到（书页等） use 使用；用途（n.）；使用；运用（v.） value 价值；重要性（n.）；重视；估价（v.） view 观点；看法；风景（n.）；看待；观看（v.） visit 拜访；参观；访问 volunteer 志愿者（n.）；自愿做；自愿提供（v.） wander 闲逛；漫步；走神 watch over 看守；监视；照顾 　 知识点2 动词的熟词生义 1. visibility【熟义】n.能见度【生义】n.关注度；知名度 Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility. 2. greens【熟义】adj.绿色的【生义】n.绿叶菜 The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 3. introduce【熟义】v.介绍【生义】v.使初次了解/尝试 This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. 4. leaf 熟义：叶，叶子；纸页，书页 【生义】翻页 I can leaf through with my fingers 5. original【熟义】adj.最初的 【生义】adj.原创的 Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. 6. pose【熟义】n.姿势【生义】v.提出 The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 7. piece【熟义】n.碎片【生义】n.文章，报道 However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. 8. point【熟义】v.指向【生义】n.观点 Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. 9. power【熟义】n.力量【生义】v.驱动 In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI ... 10. promise【熟义】v.承诺【生义】v.有……的希望；有……的可能 With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. 11. print【熟义】n.印刷 【生义】n.印刷品；出版物 The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 12. property【熟义】n.资产【生义】n.性质，特性 The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. 13. role【熟义】n.角色 【生义】n.作用 Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. 14. roll【熟义】v.滚动【生义】v.行驶 Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. 15. say【熟义】v.说【生义】v.比方说 Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. 16. sensitive 熟义：敏感的 【生义】易受影响的；需保护的 …play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species. 17. skip【熟义】v.跳过【生义】v.避开；不做 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. 18. side【熟义】n.一边【生义】n.一面；方面 You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place. 19. sleep 熟义：睡眠 生义：死，长眠 …she was prepared to put him to sleep. 20. slower【熟义】adj.缓慢的【生义】adj.冷清的 You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. 21. address【熟义】n.地址【生义】v.处理；应对 This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 22. call【熟义】v.打电话【生义】n.请求；呼吁 We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest. 23. chief熟义：最重要的；首要的；主要的【生义】首席的 …says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit 24. closely【熟义】adv.紧密地，密切地【生义】adv.仔细地 She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely. 25. condition【熟义】n.状况 【生义】n. 疾病 Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. 26. cover【熟义】v.覆盖 【生义】①v.报道②v.涉及，处理③v.走完(一段路程) ① Jonson began writing about sports as a second year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper. ② And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? ③However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. 27. draw【熟义】v.画【生义】v.吸引 Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 28. enter【熟义】v.进入【生义】v.报名参加 I got a good bike and rode a lot. I dreamed of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. 29. favor【熟义】n.帮助；恩惠【生义】v.偏袒，特别照顾 Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework. 30. favorite【熟义】adj.最喜爱的【生义】n.最喜欢的东西 These plants included modern Western favorites such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 31. solid【熟义】adj.固体的【生义】adj.可靠的 While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. 32. tell【熟义】v.告诉；告知【生义】v.辨别，识别 (2024全国甲卷阅读B篇) That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. 33. throw【熟义】v.投；掷；抛【生义】v.把……拉制成坯 Wheel Throwing 34. translate【熟义】v.翻译 【生义】v.(使)转变 ... but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. 35. geography【熟义】n.地理【生义】n.布局 With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. 考向1 动词的一词多义 例1 （2025·北京海淀·一模）However, not everyone shared my compassion. One neighbor insisted on getting rid of the cats. He called Animal Control to have them 5 . Our debates were heated, but I advocated for them as I knew they had no one else to defend them. 5．A．fed B．removed C．examined D．cleaned 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他打电话给动物控制中心让他们把猫带走。A. fed喂养；B. removed移除，移走，带走；C. examined检查；D. cleaned打扫。根据上文“One neighbor insisted on getting rid of the cats. He called Animal Control to have them”可知，邻居坚持要把猫弄走，所以打电话给动物控制中心让他们把猫带走。故选B。 【变式训练1变考法】This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 【答案】v.处理；应对 【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的这本吸引人的新书是一个实用的路线图，解决了即将到来的人工智能革命所带来的挑战。 【变式训练2变考法】 Then he tried acupuncture, an  ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after  two or three treatments. 【答案】n. 惯常做法 【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：然后他尝试了针灸，一种中国古老的疗法，他惊讶于两三次治疗后病情有所进步。 考向2 动词的熟词生义 例1 【2023北京卷】The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could ____9____ they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. My____confidence___ still needed some nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print. 9. A. hope B. imagine C. tell D. predict 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能判断出他们不是在取笑我：他们笑是因为我有能力讲一个有趣的故事。A. hope希望；B. imagine想象；C. tell告诉；看出，判断出；区分；D. predict预计。由下文“they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story.”可知，我能判断出来，他们笑是因为我讲的故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，tell本义为告诉，这里使用其熟词生义：理解；领会；领悟；明白。故选C。 【变式训练1】 （2025·北京朝阳·六校联考）When Dave reached the shallows6 near the shore, he was bursting with excitement, fascinated that the current which had terrified him was seen as a helpful way by Mike. He had 7 this. He was right to be afraid 8 of the big waves, but no longer did he feel out of his depth. “Looks like you don’t need me any longer,” said Mike. “You are a professional. Have fun.” 7．A．quit B．shared C．doubted D．grasped 【答案】C 【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他明白了这一点。A. quit放弃；B. shared分享；C. doubted怀疑；D. grasped理解，明白。根据后文“He was right to be  ____8____  of the big waves, but no longer did he feel out of his depth.”可知，Dave明白了一些冲浪的技巧。 grasp本义为抓紧；抓牢，。这里使用其熟词生义：理解；领会；领悟；明白。故选D。 【变式训练2】It’s 11 a. m. on a glowing Perth day and I’m walking my black Labrador by the river. She 21 the neat grass edging the footpath. A glimpse of the bottlenose dolphins that call this river home would 22 my day. That’s when I suddenly think of my son, Alex. 21．A．tastes B．sniffs C．touches D．barks 22．A．fill B．enrich C．have D．make 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她嗅着沿着人行道整齐修剪的草。A. tastes尝；B. sniffs嗅；C. touches触摸；D. barks吠叫。根据上文“It’s 11 a. m. on a glowing Perth day and I’m walking my black Labrador by the river.”可知，我带着我的黑色拉布拉多犬在河边散步，狗通常会用鼻子嗅闻草地。故选B。 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到那些把这条河当作家园的宽吻海豚会让我这一天变得特别美好。A. fill充满；B. enrich丰富；C. have拥有；D. make制造。短语make one’s day译为“使某人感到很开心或满足”，看了一眼河里的宽吻海豚，作者很高兴。故选D。 【变式训练3变考法】 Soiling his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man saved a college student from disaster, just because she could have been his daughter. 【答案】弄脏 【解析】考查熟词生义。句意：在九月一个炎热的下午，这个男人弄脏着衣服，从灾难中救了一名大学生，只是因为她本可以是他的女儿。 04真题溯源·考向感知 1.(2025·北京·高考) I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone 12 (scare). 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我有时会把他叫回来，担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. done”表示 “使某人被……”，“someone”与“scare”之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。 2.(2025·北京·高考) By the time you brushed your teeth, you 15 (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【解析】 15.考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。 16.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 3.(2025·北京·高考) When 17 (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【解析】 17.考查非谓语动词。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。 18.考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。 19.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 4. (2024·北京·高考) Taking the time 11 (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 12 (self-aware). 【解析】 11考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。 12.考查名词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词self-awareness，sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。 5. (2024·北京·高考) When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 13 (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。 6.(2024·北京·高考) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 15 (name) the world’s oldest living man. 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 7.(2024·北京·高考) And when 16 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。 8.(2024·北京·高考) Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。 9.(2024·北京·高考) My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 【解析】考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。 10.(2023·北京·高考) Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 11 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. 【解析】 11.考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 12.考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time，应用副词exactly，作状语。故填exactly。 11.(2023·北京·高考)I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 13 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 12.(2023·北京·高考)When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。 13.(2023·北京·高考)Up to now, China 16 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 14.(2023·北京·高考)She called for action 19 (address)the struggles of people around the world 20 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. 【解析】 19.考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 20.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 $$第07讲 动词和动词短语 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 2 02 体系构建·思维可视 3 4 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 4 考点一 动词 4 知识点1 动词的分类 4 1 系动词 5 2 实义动词 5 3 情态动词 （详见本专辑第8讲） 6 4 助动词 6 知识点2 动词的构词法 6 考向1 动词的分类 7 考向2 动词的构成 7 考点二 高频动词和动词短语辨析 7 知识点1 高频动词归纳 7 知识点2 高频动词短语归纳 17 考向1 高频动词辨析 31 考向2 高频动词短语辨析 31 考点三 一词多义、熟词生义 32 知识点1 动词的一词多义 32 知识点2 动词的熟词生义 38 考向1 动词的一词多义 41 考向2 动词的熟词生义 42 04真题溯源·考向感知 42 01 考情解码·命题预警 考点要求 考察形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 动词 选择题 非选择题 15T. had made 16T. are achieved 17T. traveling 18T. left 13T (give); 15T (name) 20T (jog) 11T(throw) 13T (arrive) 16T (establish) 动词短语 选择题 非选择题 \ 8T well up 5T flying by 动词 选择题 非选择题 4Tdemonstrated 5Tclouded 6T questioning B. reminding C. complaining D. requesting 5T Tested 7T Posted 9T clapping 3T write 4T learning 6T complaining 9T tell 考情分析： 1．从命题题型和内容上看，高考命题不多，高考命题以选择题为主，题目难度适中，主要考查以下几个方面：动词的分类（如系动词、实义动词、情态动词、助动词）、动词的构词法（如动词后缀、前缀）、高频动词及其短语的辨析、动词的一词多义和熟词生义等。 。 2．从命题思路上看，近年来高考对动词和动词短语的考查逐渐注重以下几点：一是对动词分类的理解和应用，二是对高频动词及其短语的辨析能力，三是对动词一词多义和熟词生义的掌握。 预计今后将继续以高频动词及其短语的辨析、动词的一词多义和熟词生义作为命题热点，考查考生的语言运用能力。 在复习中熟记动词的分类及其特点，掌握动词的构词法，积累高频动词及其短语的用法，多关注动词的一词多义和熟词生义现象。 复习目标： 1. 明确动词在高考中的考查形式和高频考点，建立动词分类知识框架，能准确区分系动词、实义动词的及物与不及物用法。 2. 掌握动词构词法的常见规则，能通过词缀（如 - ize、-en）推测派生动词的词义和词性。 3. 集中攻克高频动词的词义辨析，如 affect/effect、adapt/adopt 等易混动词，结合例句理解词义差异。 4. 系统整理动词短语的固定搭配，重点记忆 “动词 + 介词 / 副词” 的常考组合（如 account for、come up with），理解短语的多义性。 5. 积累动词的一词多义和熟词生义现象，如 power “驱动”、leaf “翻页”，通过阅读拓展词汇深度。 6. 针对高考真题中的动词考点（如时态、语态、非谓语）进行专项训练，提升语境分析和语法应用能力。 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点一 动词 知识点1 动词的分类 1 系动词 概述：系动词又叫连系动词，像一根纽带，起到联系主语和表语的作用。 表示状态：be（am, is, are） 表示感官：feel摸起来，look看起来，smell闻起来，sound听起来，taste尝起来 表示变化：become变得，go变得，run变得，fall变得，grow逐渐变得，turn变得 表示终止：prove证实，turn out变成 表示持续：keep保持，stay保持，remain保持不变，stand处于 易错提醒：1.有些单词一词多义，在作系动词时，要跟形容词作表语；但同一词形如果作实义动词用，意思变化，且用副词修饰。2.系动词有时态的变化，不能用于被动语态。 2 实义动词 概述：实义动词又叫行为动词，表示动作的动词，有实在的意义，如eat, run, think等。实义动词是具有完整意义，可以单独作谓语，主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语，分为及物动词和不及物动词。 常见的不及物动词有： agree同意 arrive到达 come来 die死 exist存在 fall掉下 spread传开 happen发生 lie平躺 stay待 walk走 rise升起 remain剩下 consist由......组成 go去 lie位于，在于 laugh大笑 snow下雪 live居住 think想 hope希望 名师提醒：1.不及物动词不能直接跟宾语，需要加上相应的介词才能跟宾语，不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 如talk to /with sb(与某人交谈)，think about sth(思考某事)， hope for sth.（希望某事），dream of sth.（梦想某事）。2.有些动词可以跟同源宾语如，dream a good/bad dream; live a comfortable life过着舒适的生活。3.有些动词表达动作事实是及物动词，如sell, lock, wash, write, spread; 表示性质特点时为不及物动词。 例1. The books have been sold out.（vt.）这些书已经卖完了。 例2. The book sells well.（vi.）这本书很畅销。 例3. You don’t have to write these things in detail. （vt.）你不必详细地写这些东西。 3 情态动词 （详见本专辑第8讲） 4 助动词 助动词没用词汇意义，不可单独作谓语，助动词可以协助主要动词构成时态或语态，疑问句或否定句。如do, does, did, have, has, had等。 句中有动词原形用do,does, did;无动词原形用be；现在完成时用have,has；过去完成时用had。 知识点2 动词的构词法 (1)动词后缀 ①-ize/-ise表示“变成,使⋯⋯化,以⋯⋯方式说”, 如modernize使现代化;memorize 记住, 背诵。 【高频再现】apology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memory→memorize记住real→realize认识到；实现modern→modernize使现代化。 ②-en表示“使成为,变得,使有”,如quicken加快,加速;weaken削弱,(使)变弱。 【高频再现】 broad→broaden使变宽ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽short→shorten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬soft→soften使缓和；使变柔软damp→dampen抑制；使潮湿fright→frighten使害怕threat→threaten威胁 ③-ify 表示“使……化”,如 beautiful美化;purify使洁净;simplify简化。 【高频再现】 class→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化beauty→beautify美化identity→identify识别quality→qualify使具有资格。 (2)动词前缀 ①pre-表示“前, 在……之前, 预先”, 如preview预演;predict预言。 ②en-表示“使, 使成为, 使处于⋯⋯状态” enlarge 扩大;encourage 鼓励;enrich 使丰富;enable 使能够。 ③dis- 表示“否定,相反,不”,如 disagree 不同意;dislike 不喜欢。还可表示“取消,除去,剥夺;分离,分开”, discourage 使泄气;discount打折扣;discover发现。 考向1 动词的分类 例1 These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. 【变式训练1】The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 【变式训练2】 It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and （prove）extremely popular with the public. 【变式训练3】The young man performed as if he (be) a woman on the stage. 考向2 动词的构成 例2 In Thailand, it’s customary to deep clean homes, schools, and public spaces to 48 (pure) them ahead of the Thai New Year. People toss water at each other in the streets to wash away the previous year’s bad luck and ensure luck for the year to come. 【变式训练1】．Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll (fright) the customers away. 【变式训练2】The boy can (memory) the data easily. 考点二 高频动词和动词短语辨析 知识点1 高频动词归纳 单词 汉译 单词 汉译 abandon 放弃；遗弃 accompany 陪伴 accumulate 积累 acknowledge 承认，鸣谢 acquire 获得；取得 adapt 适应，改编 addict 使上瘾；使沉溺 adjust 调整；校准 admire 钦佩 admit 承认；准许进入 adopt 采用；收养 advocate 提倡；主张 affect 影响 afford 支付得起 allocate 分配；拨出 analyze 分析 announce 公布；宣布 apologize 道歉 appeal 呼吁；有吸引力；上诉 appoint 委派，任命 appreciate 欣赏，感激 approach 接近 approve 批准，同意 arrest 逮捕 assess 评估 assume 假定；设想 attach 附，系，贴 attempt 企图，尝试 attend 参加，照料 attract 吸引 bargain 讨价还价 bathe （以光线）洒满，覆盖；使沐浴（在光线里） bear 忍受；承受 beat 击打；打败 betray 背叛 bite 咬；叮，蜇 bother 打扰 calculate 计算，估计 cancel 取消，撤销 cause 引起 challenge 挑战 claim 要求；宣称，断言 clarify 阐明，澄清 classify 分类；归类 command 命令 comment 评论 commit 犯（罪）；承诺 communicate 交流；沟通 compare 比较；对比 compete 竞争；比赛 complain 抱怨 complete 完成；使完整 confirm 确认，证实 conflict 冲突 confuse 使困惑；混淆 connect 连接；联系 conquer 征服；战胜 consider 考虑；认为 consult 咨询 consume 消费，消耗 contain 包含 convince 使信服；说服 crash 碰撞；撞击 crawl 爬行；匍匐前进 create 创造；创作 cultivate 培养 declare 宣告；申报；声明 decorate 装饰 dedicate 奉献；致力于 deliver 递送；发表 demonstrate 证明，演示，显示 deny 否认；拒绝承认 describe 描述 deserve 值得 design 设计；构思 destroy 毁坏 determine 决定；决心 develop 发展；培养 differ 不同；有差异 digest 消化；理解 dip 浸；蘸 direct 指导；指挥 disappear 消失 disappoint 使失望 discourage 使气馁，使沮丧 discover 发现 discuss 讨论 display 显示，陈列 distinguish 辨别，分清，区分 distribute （有计划地）分发 disturb 扰乱；妨碍 dive 跳水 divide 划分；分开 donate 捐赠 drag 拖，拉 draw 画；吸引；拉 dream 做梦；梦想 drop 掉下；放弃；错过 drown 淹没；溺死 earn 赚得；获得 eat 吃 educate 教育；培养 embarrass 使尴尬 emphasize 强调 encourage 鼓励 end 结束；终止 endure 忍受；忍耐 enrich 使丰富；使充实 ensure 确保；保证 enter 进入 entertain 娱乐；招待 envy 嫉妒；羡慕 escape 逃跑；逃脱 establish 建设 estimate 估计；评估 evaluate 评价，估价 evolve 进化；发展 examine 检查；调查 exchange 交换；交流 excite 使兴奋；使激动 expand 扩大；扩展 expect 期待，预计 experience 经历；体验 explain 解释 explore 探索；探究 expose 揭露；暴露 express 表达 extend 延伸；扩展 face 面对；面向 fade 逐渐消失；衰落 fail 失败；不及格 fall 倒下；落下 fancy 想象；设想；喜欢 feel 感觉；触摸 fetch 拿来拿去 figure 计算；认为；估计 figure out 算出，想出 fill 装满；充满 find 找到；发现 finish 完成；结束 fit 适合；安装 fix 修理；固定；确定 flatter 奉承；讨好 flee 逃跑；逃离 float 漂浮 focus 集中；聚焦 forbid 禁止；阻止 force 强迫；迫使 forget 忘记 forgive 原谅；宽恕 found 建立；创建 frame 表达；制订；给…… 做框 fulfill 履行（诺言），执行（命令） gain 获得；赢得 gather 聚集；收集 generate 产生；生成 get 得到；获得；变得 give 给 glance 瞥见 glare 瞪着看 graduate 毕业 grasp 抓住；理解 greet 问候；迎接 guarantee 保证 guess 猜测；推测 handle 处理；应对 hang 悬挂；吊死 happen 发生 harm 伤害；损害 hate 讨厌；憎恨 have 有 hear 听见 help 帮助 hide 隐藏 hold 举着；握住；容纳 honor 荣耀 hunt 寻找，打猎 identify 认出，识别 ignore 忽视；不理睬 illustrate 说明；阐明 imagine 想象 imitate 模仿 imply 暗示 import 进口 improve 改进；提高 include 包括 increase 增加 indicate 暗示；表明 infer 推断；推论 inform 通知 inspire 激发，鼓舞 install 安装 instruct 指导；指示 intend 打算；想要 interrupt 打断 introduce 介绍 invite 邀请 involve 包含，使参与 isolate 使隔离；使孤立 jump 跳 justify 证明…… 合理；为…… 辩护 keep 保持；保留 kick 踢 knock 敲 label 标记；分类 lack 缺乏；缺少 launch 发射；发起 lay 放置；下蛋 lead 领导；带领 learn 学习；得知 leave 离开；留下 lecture 演讲；讲课 link 连接；关联 listen 听 live 生活；居住 load 装载；加载 locate 位于；查找…… 的地点 look 看 lose 丢失；失去 love 爱；喜欢 maintain 维持；保持 make 制作；使得 manage 管理；经营；设法做成 manufacture 制造 march 行军，前进 mark 标记；打分 matter 要紧 measure 测量 meet 遇见；满足 mention 提及 migrate 迁移；迁徙 miss 错过；想念 mistake 弄错；误解 misunderstand 误解 mix 混合 model 模仿；塑造 modify 修改 monitor 监控；监测 move 移动；搬迁 multiply 乘；增加 name 命名；取名 narrow 使变窄 neglect 忽视；疏忽 obey 遵守 object 反对 observe 观察，遵守 obtain 获得 occupy 占据 offer 提供 omit 省略；遗漏 open 打开 operate 操作；运转；做手术 oppose 反对 order 命令；订购 organize 组织 ought 应该 overlook 忽视 owe 欠；应归功于 own 拥有 pace 来回踱步 pack 打包；包装 paint 绘画；油漆 participate 参加 pave 铺；创造条件 pay 支付 perform 表演，执行，表现 permit 允许，准许 persuade 说服 pick 挑选；采摘 place 放置 plan 计划 plant 种植 play 玩；演奏 please 使高兴；使满意 pledge 保证；发誓 point 指向 polish 擦亮；润色 pollute 污染 pop 突然出现 possess 拥有 postpone 推迟 pour 倒；灌 practice 练习 praise 赞扬 pray 祈望 predict 预言，预报 prefer 更喜欢 prepare 准备 present 呈现；赠送 preserve 保护，保存 press 按；压 pretend 假装 prevent 阻止 preview 预习；预览 prohibit 禁止；阻止 promote 促进，提升 pronounce 发音 proofread 校对 propose 提议；求婚 protect 保护 provide 提供 publish 出版 pull 拉 pump 抽水；打气 punish 惩罚 purchase 购买 push 推 put 放 qualify 符合，配得上 quit 停止；离开 race 比赛；赛跑 raise 举起；饲养；筹集 range 排列；变化 rate 评估；评价 reach 到达；够到 read 阅读 realize 意识到；实现 recall 回想起 receive 收到 recite 背诵 recognize 认出，认可 recommend 推荐 record 记录 recover 恢复 refer 参考；涉及 reflect 反映；反射 reform 改革 refresh 使恢复精力 refuse 拒绝 regard 认为；看待 register 登记；记录 regret 后悔；遗憾 reject 拒绝；驳回 relate 使相关；讲述 release 释放；发布 remain 留下，保持 remember 记得 remove 去除；脱去 repay 偿还，报答 repeat 重复；复述 replace 取代 reply 回复 report 报告 represent 代表 request 要求 reserve 预订，保留 resist 抵制 respond 回应 restore 恢复；修复 restrict 限制 result 导致 return 返回；归还 reveal 揭露；显示 review 校阅；评论；温习 revise 修订 rid 使摆脱 ride 骑 ring 打电话；按铃 rise 上升 roll 滚动；翻身 root 使生根；扎根 rotate 旋转 rush 迅速移动；匆忙行事 sacrifice 牺牲 satisfy 使满意 save 拯救；节省 say 说 scare 使害怕 scold 责骂 search 寻找 seize 抓住；夺取 select 选择 sell 卖 send 送；派遣 sense 感觉；意识到 separate 分开；分离 serve 服务 set 设置；放置 settle 解决；定居 sew 缝 shake 摇动；颤抖 share 分享 sharpen 使锋利 shine 发光；照耀 shock 使震惊 shoot 射击 show 展示 shrink 收缩 shut 关闭 sigh 叹气 sign 签名；示意 signal 发信号 sink 下沉 sit 坐 skip 跳过 slip 滑倒 smell 闻；嗅 smile 微笑 snow 下雪 soak 浸泡 solve 解决 somehow 设法 sort 分类 sound 听起来 sow 播种 speak 说 speed 加速 spell 拼写 spend 花费 spill 溢出 spin 旋转 split 分裂；分开 spoil 宠坏；破坏 spot 发现，看见 spread 传播 spring 跳跃 spy 窥探 stare 盯着看 start 开始 starve 挨饿 state 陈述 stay 停留 steal 偷 stick 粘贴；坚持 stimulate 刺激 stir 搅拌；激起 stop 停止 store 储存 strengthen 加强 strike 打；撞 string 串起；悬挂 strip 剥夺 struggle 挣扎；努力 study 学习；研究 submit 顺从；提交 succeed 成功 suffer 遭受 suggest 建议 suit 适合 sum 总结 supply 供应 support 支持 suppose 假设 surf 冲浪 surprise 使惊讶 survive 幸存 suspect 怀疑 swear 咒骂；发誓 sweep 打扫 swim 游泳 switch 改变；交换 symbolize 象征 sympathize 同情 taste 品尝 teach 教 tear 撕 tell 告诉 tend 趋向；照顾 test 测试 thank 感谢 think 思考 threaten 威胁 throw 扔 tolerate 容忍 touch 触摸 track 追踪 trade 交易 train 训练 translate 翻译 transport 运输 trap 困住 treasure 珍惜 tremble 颤抖 trick 欺骗 trip 绊倒 trust 信任 try 尝试 turn 转动；变得 twist 扭曲 underline 强调 understand 理解 undertake 承担；承诺 unfold 展开 unite 联合 unlock 开锁 update 更新 urge 鞭策；催促 use 使用 vacate 腾出；空出 value 重视 vary 变化 veil 掩饰；遮盖 view 看待；观看 violate 违反 visit 参观 volunteer 自愿做 vote 投票 wake 唤醒 walk 走 wander 闲逛 want 想要 warn 警告 wash 洗 waste 浪费 watch 观看 water 浇水 wave 挥手 wear 穿戴 weave 编织 weep 流泪，哭泣 weigh 称重 welcome 欢迎 whisper 低语 win 赢 wind 缠绕 wipe 擦 wish 希望 witness 目击；见证 wonder 想知道 work 工作 worry 担心 write 写 知识点2 高频动词短语归纳 短语动词的构成主要有如下几种： (1) 动词+副词 blow up 炸毁 break in 打断 break out爆发 bring up 抚养 carry out执行 find out 查出 give in 屈服 give up 放弃 go ahead前进;去做 go back 回去 go on 继续 hand in 上交 make out 认出 make up 构成 pick out挑选出来 point out 指出 put aside 把······放在一边 put away把……收起 put down放下;写下 put forward 提出 put on 穿上;上演 ring up 打电话 run away 逃离 set aside 留出 set up 搭起,建起 take in 吸收;欺骗 take off脱下 think over 认真思考 throw away 扔掉 (2)动词+介词 account for 解释 apply for 申请 approve of赞成;同意 arrive at/in 到达 ask for 请求 attend to 照料 begin with 以……开始 believe in 信任 break into 破门而入 break through 突破 care about 关心 care for 喜欢 cater for迎合;满足 consist of由…组成 come across 偶然碰到 complain of/about 抱怨 deal with 对付,处理 depend on 依靠 die from 死于 dream of/about 梦到 get off 下车 listen to 听 look after 照顾 look at 看 look into 调查 operate on 为……动手术 object to 反对 think of 考虑 work on 从事 go over 复习 go through 从……穿过 (3) 动词+副词+介词 add up to 总计为,总共是 break away from脱离;逃脱 catch up with 赶上;达到 come up to 达到 come up with 提出 cut down on 削减 date back to 追溯到 do away with 废除 drop out of退出 face up to 敢于面对 get along/on with 与……和睦相处;进展 get away with 偷走 get down to 开始认真从事 go in for 参加考试(或竞赛) go on with 继续 hold on to 抓住 keep away from 远离 keep out of 避免 keep up with 跟上 live up to 不负于,符合 look down on/upon 轻视 look forward to 盼望 look up to 尊敬 make up for 补偿 put up with 忍受 run out of 用光 watch out for 留意 (4) 动词+名词+介词 catch hold of 抓住 catch sight of 看见 draw one’s attention to 吸引某人对……的注意 find fault with 挑……的毛病 give voice to 表达对………的想法 give rise to 引起 keep an eye on 留意 keep pace with 赶上 lose sight of 看不见 make a fool of 愚弄 make friends with 与………交朋友 make fun of 取笑 make mention of 提到 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意 put an end to 结束 set fire to 放火烧 set foot on 进入,参观 show interest in对……表现出兴趣 take advantage of利用 take care of 照顾 take hold of 抓住 take notice of 注意到 take part in 参加 take pride in 以…自豪 take the place of 代替 turn a deaf ear to 对………充耳不闻 take account of考虑到 (5)动词+名词 keep watch 放哨 take place 发生 take aim 瞄准 play truant逃学 (6)动词+介词+名词 ① 动词后需跟宾语类 bring…to an end 使……结束 bring…under control 使……在掌控下 have. .. in mind 记住…… keep…in mind 牢记…… learn…by heart 背熟…… put…into effect使……生效 ② 动词后不带宾语类 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 come into being 形成 come to power 开始执政 come into use 开始使用 come into effect 生效 put on weight长胖;发福 2. 以动词为词源形成的常用短语动词 (1) break+介词/副词 break down失败;摧毁;出故障;(身体)垮掉;分解 break out(战争、火灾等)爆发 break through 突破,突围 break off中断,突然终止 break up粉碎;结束;(指人群)散开,解散 break in 破门而入(不及物) break into 强行闯入(及物) break away 突然挣脱;逃脱;脱离 (2) bring+介词/副词 bring about 使发生;造成 bring back 带回来;使恢复 bring down 降低,减少;使降落;击落 bring in 引进;提出;赚得 bring out 出版;生产;使显现 bring up培养,养育;提出(讨论等 );呕吐 (3) come+介词/副词 come about 发生 come out 出来;出现;出版 come up 走上前,走近;被提到 come across 偶遇 come along 出现;进步;跟随 (4) cut+介词/副词 cut in 插嘴;插队 cut off切断 cut up 切碎 cut away 砍掉 cut down 砍倒;削减 cut out 删除;剪下 (5) call+介词/副词 call for 要求 call back 回电话 call up 使想起;(给某人)打电话 call on 号召;拜访(某人) call in 召集 call off 取消 (6) get+介词/副词 get through到达;完成;通过;渡过;打通(电话) get in 收获,收割 get on上(车) ;进展;对付,应付 get over 克服 get across 通过;被理解 get along 应付;进展 get away 离开;脱身 (7) give+介词/副词 give up 放弃 give in屈服;投降 give away赠送,捐赠;泄露 give off放出;发出 give out分发;散发;用完 (8) go+介词/副词 go by(时间)过去,流逝 go down 下降 go up 上升 go over复习,温习 go through 经历;通过 (9) keep+介词/副词 keep away远离,避开 keep…out使不进入 keep back 隐瞒;扣留 keep on 继续 keep off避开;使……不接近 keep up 保持 (10) look+介词/副词 look after 照顾,照料 look around 环顾 look for 寻找 look into 调查 look out向外看;当心 look through 浏览;快速查看 look up 向上看;查阅 (11) make+介词/副词 make out辨认出 make up编造;组成,构成;补齐,凑足 (12) pick+介词/副词 pick out辨认出;挑出 pick up捡起; 学会; 获得; 开车去接; 情况好转；接收(节目)；买到 (13) turn+介词/副词 turn around/round(使)向后转,回头,转身 turn against(使)反对(某人) turn up 调高;到来;出现 turn down调低,关小;拒绝 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开 turn in上交;产生;告发 turn out熄灭;生产;证明是 turn over 翻转 turn to求助于;转向 (14) put+介词/副词 put aside 把······放在一边;储存 put away把……收拾好;积蓄 put down放下;记下;镇压 put forward 提出(建议) put in 放进 put off 推迟,拖延 put on 穿上,戴上;增加;上演 put out(把火)扑灭 put up 举起;张贴;搭建;提供 (15) set+介词/副词 set about (doing sth.)着手(做某事) set aside把……放在一边;留出 set down 写下,记下 set up 建立,创立 set off激起;引爆;出发,动身 set out(to do sth.)着手(做某事) ;出发 (16) take+介词/副词 take apart拆卸;拆开 take away带走,拿走,取走 take down记下;拆卸;取下 take off起飞;脱下;匆匆离开 take on承担;呈现;雇用 take over接手,接管;接替 take in 理解;吸收;欺骗 take up 占据;开始从事 3.以介词或副词为词源形成的常用短语动词 (1)动词+ about argue about 争辩 bring about 引起,使发生 complain about 抱怨 care about关心;在乎 carry about 随身携带 come about 发生 go about 着手;开始 quarrel about 为………吵架 hear about 听说 know about 了解 look about 四下环顾 set about 着手,开始 speak/talk about谈论 think about 思考 worry about 为……担心 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 (2)动词+across come across无意中碰到;被理解 get across通过;被理解 cut across抄近路穿过 run across 偶然遇见 (3)动词+apart fall apart 崩溃 tell apart 区分 take apart 拆开 tear apart撕碎 (4)动词+aside leave aside 不考虑 set aside 留出 (5)动词+at aim at 向………瞄准 arrive at 到达 call at停靠在(地点) come at 扑向 glance at 瞥一眼 glare at 怒视 laugh at 嘲笑 look at看,注视 point at 指向 shoot at 向………射击 shout at 对………大喊 smile at 向………微笑 stare at 凝视 wonder at 惊讶于 work at 从事于 (6)动词+from arise from 由………引起 benefit from 从………中受益 come from 来自 date from 追溯到 die from 死于 differ from 与………不同 distinguish…from…使………不同于……… hear from 收到………的来信 judge from 从………判断 keep/stop/prevent…from…阻止……做……… learn from 向………学习 protect... from...保护……使其免受…… result from 由于 separate... from...把······与······分离开 suffer from 受………之苦 vary from 不同于 (7)动词+away blow away轻易击败 break a way摆脱,逃脱 carry away 带走 cast away 使漂流到 die away 逐渐消失 fade away逐渐消失,渐弱 give away 泄露;暴露 pass away 去世 put away把………收拾起来/放回原处 take away 拿走 throw away扔掉;抛弃 turn away 把……打发走 wash away 冲走 (8)动词+ back bring back 带回;使想起 give back 归还 hold back 控制住;忍住;犹豫 keep back 隐瞒;保留 look back (on)回顾 (9)动词+by abide by 遵守 go by(时间)过去 sit by 坐视不管 stand by 支持 (10)动词+down break down 分解;出故障 bring down 使降低 burn down 烧毁(建筑物) calm down 平静下来 cut down 削减;砍倒 die down 减弱,平息 hand down 传递,传给 let down 使失望;放下 lay down放下;中断 pass down 传下来 push down 减少 put down 记下;镇压 settle down 安家 take down 记下,记录 turn down调小;拒绝 (11)动词+for answer for 为………负责 apologize for 为………道歉 apply for 申请 ask for 要求 beg for 乞求 call for需要;要求 care for 喜欢 fight for 为………而斗争 hope for 希望 hunt for 寻找 leave for 动身去 long for 渴望 look for 寻找 pay for 为………付费 plan for 为………计划 prepare for为………做准备 provide for 提供 search for 寻找 seek for 寻找 send for 请某人来 stand for 代表 take for 误以为 wait for 等候 (12)动词+in break in强行进入;插话 bring in 引进 call in召集;叫来 check in 报到;登记 consist in 在于,存在于 differ in在⋯⋯⋯方面不同 drop in 顺便拜访 end in 以………结束 fill in 塞满;填写 get in 收获;进入 give in 让步 hand in 上交 join in 参加 lie in 在于 participate in 参加 result in 导致 share in 分担 succeed in 在……方面成功 take in收留;吸收;欺骗 trust in 相信 turn in 上交 (13)动词+into burst into 突然爆发 change…into 把……变成 divide. .. into把······分成 get into 进入,陷入 knock into撞上 look into 调查 translate…into 把………翻译成 run into 碰到 turn into 变成 (14)动词+of approve of赞成 admit of 容许 come of是……的结果 consist of由⋯⋯⋯组成 die of死于(内因) dream of梦见;梦想 hear of 听说 know of知道;了解 speak of 谈到 talk of谈论 think of 想起 (15)动词+off call off 取消 cut off 阻挡;切断 die off相继死亡 fall off脱落 get off下车 give off 发出 keep off避开;勿走近 leave off停止 pay off还清;成功 put off 延期,推迟 ring off 挂断电话 see. .. off为……送行 send off发出,寄出 set off出发 show off炫耀 start off 动身 take off脱下;起飞;开始成功 (16)动词+on act on 按……行事 call on 拜访 carry on 继续做 count on 依赖 comment on 评论 concentrate on 集中于,专注于 depend on 依靠 feed on 以……为食 focus on 集中 have. .. on穿着…… hold on 等一等;别挂电话 insist on 坚持 keep/go on继续 live on 以……为生 look on 旁观 move on 进步;往前走 pass on传给,传递 pull on猛吸,狠抽(香烟等) put on穿上,戴上;上演 rely on 依靠 switch on 打开 take on呈现;雇用;承担 try on 试穿 turn on 打开 wait on 服侍,招待 work on 从事 (17)动词+out break out爆发 bring out阐明;使表现出 burst out 突然开始 burn out烧毁;燃尽 carry out 执行 check out结账离开 come out出版;出来 die out 消失,灭绝 figure out算出;弄明白 find out查清楚,弄明白 give out分发,发布;用完 go out熄灭 hand out分发 help out 帮助(某人摆脱困难) keep out使……不进入 leave out省去;遗漏;不把……计算在内 let out发出( 叫声等) ;使……解脱 look out向外看;注意,当心 make out理解;看清楚 pick out挑出;辨别出 point out 指出 put out 扑灭 run out 用完 send out 发出;分发 set out 出发;着手 speak out挺身(反对某事物) try out试用;试验 stand out 突出 turn out结果是;生产 watch out 当心;注意 wear out穿破;使……疲劳 work out算出;了解 (18)动词+over fall over跌倒,摔倒 get over克服;从………中恢复 hand over 移交 go over仔细检查;反复研究 knock over推翻;撞倒 look over 翻阅;检查 push over推倒 take over接管,接替 think over仔细考虑 turn over 翻转 watch over 照管;监视 (19)动词+ through break through 突破;突围 carry through顺利实现;成功完成 get through 通过;接通电话 go through 审阅；检查 live through 经受住 look through 浏览；快速查看 pull through 完成；康复 put ...through 给。。。。。。接通电话 see through 看透；看穿 （20） 动词+to adapt to 适应 add to增加 adjust to 习惯 apply to 向。。。。。申请 agree to 同意 amount to 总计；等于 appeal to 吸引；呼吁 attend to 处理；对付；照顾 belong to 属于 come to 被想出；共计 contribute to 促进；捐助 devote...to把。。。。。。用于 get to 到达 lead to导致；通向 listen to 听 object to 反对 point to指出 refer to谈到；涉及；参考 reply to 回答 see to 处理；照管 stick to 坚持 take to喜爱上；沉湎于 turn to 向。。。。。。求助 write to 给。。。。。。写信 （21） 动词+up break up 解散；结束；粉碎 bring up抚养；呕吐；提出 build up 建立 burn up烧掉；烧毁 call up 打电话 check up核对；检验 clear up整理；收拾；放晴 come up升起；长出；出现 cut up切碎 do up修理；包装；装饰 draw up草拟 dress up穿上盛装 end up 结束 eat up吃完 fix up修理；安排 get up起床；站起 hurry up 赶快 grow up 成长；长大 hold up 阻止；妨碍 make up构成；组成；化妆 keep up保持；维护；继续 look up 保持；维护；继续 look up 查找 give up放弃 go up增长；上涨 pick up拾起；学会；开车来接；接收到 put up搭起，架起；提供；张贴 ring up打电话 send up取笑 set up 设置;建立 speed up 加快速度 stay up 熬夜 show up 出现 take up开始学;开始从事;占据 tear up 撕碎 turn up 调大(音量等) ;出席,出现 wake up 醒来 (22)动词+with agree with 同意 begin with 以……开始 combine…with…把……与……结合起来 compare... with...把······与······相比 connect…with…把……与……相连 correspond with符合,与……一致 cover…with…用……覆盖…… deal with 处理,对付 do with 处理,对待 end with 以……结束 equip... with... 以......装备…… fight with 与……斗争 furnish…with…为……配备…… live with 忍受 meet with 遇到,遭受 mix with…与……混合 play with 玩,玩弄 provide/supply…with…把……供给…… quarrel with 与……争吵 reason with 与……理论 share…with…和……分享…… talk with 同……交谈 4. 动词的固定搭配 (1)含有介词to 的动词短语 be/get used to 习惯于,适应 pay attention to 注意 lead to 导致;通向 devote oneself to/be devoted to 献身于,致力于 look forward to 期望 stick to 坚持 object to 反对 get down to 开始做 contribute to 贡献 react to对……作出反应 adapt/adjust to 适应 appeal to 吸引 attach…to…把……贴到……上 belong to 属于 refer to 提到,提及 turn to 转向;求助于 see to办理;照管 (2)动词+sb.+of sth. accuse sb. of sth.指控某人某事 cure sb. of sth.治好某人的……病 inform sb. of sth.告知某人某事 remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事 rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物 rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物 warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事 convince sb. of sth.使某人信服某事 (3)动词+sb.+ for sth. blame sb. for sth.因某事/物而责备某人 forgive sb. for sth.因某事/物而原谅某人 punish sb. for sth.因某事/物而惩罚某人 scold sb. for sth.因某事/物而责骂某人 thank sb. for sth.因某事/物而感谢某人 (4) be/get/become+过去分词/形容词+介词 be dressed in 穿着 be fond of爱好,喜爱 be lost in 沉溺于 be located in 位于 be addicted to 沉溺于 be/get used to 习惯于 be curious about 对……好奇 be engaged in 忙于 be convinced of 确信 be/become aware of 知道 be worried about 担心 be set in 以……为背景 be buried/absorbed in 专心于 考向1 高频动词辨析 例1 【2025北京卷】It was a rush I had never experienced before. Enjoying all the eyes on me, I ____4____ how to open the lock. 4. A. discovered B. recommended C. demonstrated D. imagined 【变式训练1】（2025·京市昌平·二模）For years, I had 4 to draw except for stick figures and convinced that creativity5 wasn’t my gift. But as raindrops tapped the window like a piece of beautiful music, an idea sparked — I mixed greys and blues to capture the rhythm of the storm. 4．A．pretended B．decided C．promised D．refused 【变式训练2】（2025·北京朝阳·高三下二次六联完形填空片段）I felt a change5 in me straight away. I had a purpose again. Days were lost to discussing hot topics and 6 the words of their strong and opinionated (坚持己见的) voices. 7 in their world, I could see myself making a difference to the team’s writing ability. 6．A．reading B．translating C．spelling D．copying 7．A．Trapped B．Hidden C．Invested D．Imagined 考向2 高频动词短语辨析 例1【2022北京卷】That cold Monday morning, he waited a long, long while for adults to ____9____. 9. A. show up B. pull up C. hold up D. line up 【变式训练1】 （2025·北京朝阳·高三下二次六联）The biggest change the job brought, though was to my well-being. It is rare you find yourself in a job you love, one that you are happy to 9 each day. I was thriving in this creative environment, inspired by the talented young people I was helping to 10 their careers. Now, I realize that there are jobs that will keep you happy, energetic and inspired. 9．A．leave behind B．go into C．refer to D．set aside 10．A．transfer B．rescue C．discipline D．further 【变式训练2】 （2025·京市东城·二模）Once she retired, she 6 for a hat-making course at a college. Once a week, she would take the train to London and begin the complicated process7 of handcrafting pieces. She learned everything from finding inspiration to sketching and making a range of stylish hats. 6．A．made up B．reached out C．signed up D．looked out 考点三 一词多义、熟词生义 知识点1 动词的一词多义 单词 / 短语 汉译 单词 / 短语 汉译 abandon 遗弃；放弃 abuse 滥用；虐待；辱骂 access 接近；进入；使用权限；通道（n.）；接近；使用（v.） accompany 陪伴；为…… 伴奏；附有 accomplish 完成；实现 account 账户；解释（n.）；解释；导致；占（比例）（v.） acknowledge 承认；致谢；告知收到 address 称呼；演说；写姓名地址；处理 adjust 调整；适应 admit 承认；准许进入；容纳 advocate 提倡，主张 affect 影响；感动；假装 appeal 呼吁；有吸引力；上诉 apply 申请；应用；涂，敷 appoint 委派，任命 approach 接近；方法；途径（n.）；接近；处理（v.） approve 批准；赞成，同意 argue 争论，辩论；主张，认为 arrange 安排；整理；布置 assume 假定；设想；承担；呈现 attach 附，系，贴；重视 attempt 企图，尝试 attend 参加；照顾；注意 attribute 把…… 归因于；属性，特征（n.） bargain 讨价还价；便宜货（n.） bear 忍受；承受；承担；生育；携带 beat （尤指用棍或其他硬物）接连地打，击；打败，胜过；跳动 benefit 益处，好处（n.）；有益于；受益 betray 背叛；出卖；泄露 block 街区；障碍物（n.）；阻塞；阻止 bother 打扰；麻烦（n.）；费心（常用于否定句和疑问句） break down 分解；出故障；崩溃；失败 break out 爆发 break up 打碎；分裂；解散；结束 bring about 导致，引起 bring up 养育；提出；呕吐 calculate 计算，估计 call for 要求；需要；提倡 call off 取消 call on 拜访（某人）；号召 carry out 执行，实施 catch on 流行起来；理解 catch up with 赶上；追上 cause 导致；原因（n.） challenge 挑战；质疑；艰巨任务（n.）；向…… 挑战；质疑 charge 收费；充电；指控；负责（n.）；收费；充电；指控；使承担责任（v.） claim 要求；宣称，断言；索赔 classify 分类，归类 commit 犯（罪）；承诺；使承担义务 compromise 妥协，和解；损害（n. / v.） conclude 结束；推断出，得出结论 conduct 组织，实施；指挥（乐队等）；表现；行为（n.） confirm 证实；确认；批准 confuse 使困惑；混淆 consider 考虑；认为；体谅 consume 消耗；消费；吃，喝 contain 包含，容纳；控制，抑制 continue 继续；持续 contract 合同，契约（n.）；收缩；订合同（v.） convince 使信服；说服 count on 依靠，指望 cover 覆盖；包括；报道；支付（费用）；封面（n.） crash 碰撞；撞击；崩溃；倒闭 create 创造；创建；引起 cure 治愈；疗法（n.）；治愈，治疗 cut down 削减；砍倒 cut off 切断；中断；隔绝 deal with 处理；对付；涉及 decline 下降；拒绝；衰落（n. / v.） deliver 递送；发表；接生 demand 要求；需求（n.）；要求；需要 depend on 依靠，依赖 deserve 应得；值得 design 设计；图案，设计图（n.）；设计；旨在，目的是 desire 渴望；欲望（n.）；渴望，期望 destroy 破坏，摧毁；消灭 detect 察觉，发现；检测 develop 发展；开发；养成；冲洗（照片） devote 致力于；奉献；把…… 用于 differ 不同，有差异 dig out 挖出；发现 direct 指导；指挥；导演；直接的（adj.） disappear 消失；失踪 discover 发现；发觉 discourage 使气馁；阻止 distinguish 辨别，分清 disturb 扰乱；妨碍 divide 划分；分开；除 do with 处理；忍受 draw on 利用；凭借；临近 dream of 梦想；梦见 drop in 顺便拜访 earn 挣得；赢得；获得 effect 效果，影响（n.）；实现，使发生（v.） encounter 遭遇；邂逅 end up 最终成为；以…… 告终 engage 从事；使参与；雇佣；订婚 ensure 确保，保证 evaluate 评价，评估 examine 检查；审查；考试 exceed 超过；超出 exchange 交换；交流；交易所（n.）；交换，交流（v.） expand 扩大；扩展；膨胀 expect 预料；期待；要求 explain 解释；说明 expose 揭露；暴露 face 面对；面临；脸（n.） fade 逐渐消失；衰落；褪色 fail 失败；不及格；未能（做某事）；失灵 fall for 迷恋；上…… 的当 fall out 争吵；脱落 figure out 计算出；弄明白 fill in 填写；填补 fit in (with) 相处；适应 fix on 确定；选定；集中（目光等）于 forbid 禁止；阻止 form 形式；表格（n.）；形成；组成；养成 found 创建，建立 get across 使理解；使通过 get away 离开；逃脱 get down to 开始认真处理，着手做 get in 进入；收获；插话 get off 下车；离开；脱下 get on 上车；进展；相处 get over 克服；恢复；熬过 get rid of 摆脱；除去 get through 通过；接通（电话）；完成 give away 赠送；泄露；暴露 give in 屈服；让步；上交 give off 发出（光、热、气味等） give out 分发；发出（声音等）；用完，耗尽 give up 放弃；停止 go ahead 前进；请便；继续 go by 经过；（时间）流逝；遵循 go in for 参加；爱好 go out 出去；熄灭；过时 go through 经历；浏览；仔细检查；通过 graduate 毕业；获得学位；使毕业（v.）；毕业生（n.） guarantee 保证，担保；保修单（n.）；保证，担保（v.） handle 处理；操作；把手（n.） head for 前往；朝…… 方向行进 hold on 等一会儿；坚持；不挂断（电话） hold up 举起；支撑；延迟；抢劫 ignore 忽视；不理会 impact 影响；冲击（n.）；影响；冲击（v.） imply 暗示 import 进口；进口商品（n.）；进口（v.） improve 改进，改善；提高 include 包括，包含 increase 增加，增长（n. / v.） indicate 表明；指示；暗示 infer 推断，推理 inform 通知，告知 insist on 坚持 inspire 激励，鼓舞；启发；引发 involve 包含，需要；牵涉；使参与 join in 参加，加入 judge 判断；评判；法官（n.） keep up with 跟上；与…… 保持同步 knock down 击倒；撞倒；降低（价格等） know 知道；认识；了解；精通 lay 放置；铺设；产卵；下蛋 lead to 导致，造成 learn 学习；了解到；得知 leave 离开；留下；使处于（某种状态） let down 使失望；放下 let out 放出；发出（声音等）；泄露 lie 躺；位于；撒谎（v.）；谎言（n.） link 联系，连接；纽带（n.） live up to 达到（预期）；符合（要求） look after 照顾，照料 look down on/upon 轻视，看不起 look forward to 期待，盼望 look into 调查；研究 look out 小心，当心 look through 浏览；仔细查看 make for 走向；有助于 make it 获得成功；准时赶到 make up 组成；编造；化妆；弥补 manage 设法（做）；经营；管理 matter 要紧；有关系（v.）；事情，问题（n.） measure 测量；衡量；尺寸（n.） meet with （偶然）遇到；经历；符合 mention 提及，提到 miss 错过；想念；未击中；漏掉 monitor 监测；监控；班长（n.） move 移动；感动；搬家；行动（n.） march 行进；游行示威；三月（n.）；行进；使前进（v.） observe 观察；庆祝；遵守 occur 发生；出现；被想到 offer 提供；主动提出；报价（n. / v.） operate 操作；经营；动手术 oppose 反对；抵制 order 命令；订单；顺序（n.）；命令；订购；整理（v.） ought to 应该，应当 owe 欠（钱、债等）；归功于；应感激 pack up 整理；收拾行李 pace 步伐；速度（n.）；来回踱步；确定速度（v.） participate 参加，参与 perform 表演；执行；履行；表现 persuade 说服，劝服 pick up 接载；捡起；学会；恢复（健康等） point out 指出 pour 倒，灌；倾泻；涌入 practise 练习；实践；从事（职业） present 提出；呈现；赠送；现在的（adj.）；礼物；现在（n.） prevent 阻止，预防 promote 促进；提升；宣传 promise 答应；承诺；希望，前途（n.） pull down 拆毁；拉下；使降低 pull out 拔出；离开；（火车等）出站 put aside 储存；把…… 放在一边 put away 放好；储存 put forward 提出；将…… 提前 put off 推迟，拖延 put on 穿上；上演；增加（体重等） put out 扑灭；伸出；出版 put up 张贴；搭建；提供住宿 raise 提升，举起；筹集；养育；提出 reach 到达；达到；伸手去够；范围（n.） react 反应；回应 realize 实现；意识到；变卖 recognize 认出，识别；承认 reduce 减少；降低；使沦为 refer to 提及；参考；查阅；指的是 reflect 反射；反映；反思 rely on 依靠，信赖 remove 移动；去除，使消失；开除 replace 取代，代替；更换 require 需要；要求 rescue 营救，救援；营救行动（n.） resist 抵抗，抵制；忍住 respond 回答，回应；做出反应 restore 恢复；修复；归还 retire 退休；退下；退出 review 复习；回顾；评论；审查（n. / v.） rid 使摆脱；使去掉 rise 上升；升起；增长；起身 run into 偶然遇到；撞上；陷入 save 拯救，挽救；节省；储存 scare 使害怕，惊吓；害怕的（adj.，常用于 be scared of 结构） search for 寻找，搜寻 seize 抓住；夺取；理解 select （精心地）挑选，选定 serve as 担任；用作 settle 解决；定居；使平静 shape 形状；外形（n.）；塑造；形成 share 分享；共享；份额（n.） shoot 射击；拍摄；发芽 show off 炫耀 show up 出现；露面 shrink 收缩；缩小；减少 signal 信号；暗号（n.）；发信号；示意（v.） simplify 简化，使简易 skip 跳过；略过；跳绳 slow down 放慢速度 solve 解决；解答 spare 省出，抽出（时间等）；备用的（adj.） spot 发现；认出；斑点；地点（n.） stand 站立；忍受；位于；看台（n.） starve 挨饿；饿死；渴望 state 陈述，说明；国家；州（n.） stick to 坚持；遵守；粘贴在…… 上 strike 突然性或一次性的击打；罢工；撞击；突然想起（常用于 It strikes sb. that... 结构） struggle 挣扎；奋斗；努力；斗争 succeed 成功；接替；继任 suffer 遭受；忍受；受苦 supply 供应；供给；补给（n. / v.） support 支持；支撑；供养；证据（n.） suppose 认为；假定；猜想 switch 开关；转换（n. / v.） take after （外貌、性格等）与…… 相像 take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 take off 脱下；起飞；成名；请假 take on 承担；呈现；雇用 take over 接管；接任 take up 占据（时间、空间等）；开始从事；拿起 target 目标；靶子（n.）；把…… 作为目标；瞄准（v.） taste 味道；滋味（n.）；品尝；尝起来（v.） tend 倾向于；照料，护理 test 测试，考验；试验（n. / v.） thank 感谢，感激 think over 仔细考虑 throw away 扔掉；浪费 transform 转换、改造；使改观 treat 对待；治疗；款待（n. / v.） try out 试验；试用 turn down 拒绝；调小（音量等） turn in 上交；归还 turn off 关掉；关闭 turn on 打开；发动 turn out 结果是；证明是；生产 turn over 翻转；移交；仔细考虑 turn to 转向；求助于；翻到（书页等） use 使用；用途（n.）；使用；运用（v.） value 价值；重要性（n.）；重视；估价（v.） view 观点；看法；风景（n.）；看待；观看（v.） visit 拜访；参观；访问 volunteer 志愿者（n.）；自愿做；自愿提供（v.） wander 闲逛；漫步；走神 watch over 看守；监视；照顾 　 知识点2 动词的熟词生义 1. visibility【熟义】n.能见度【生义】n.关注度；知名度 Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility. 2. greens【熟义】adj.绿色的【生义】n.绿叶菜 The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 3. introduce【熟义】v.介绍【生义】v.使初次了解/尝试 This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. 4. leaf 熟义：叶，叶子；纸页，书页 【生义】翻页 I can leaf through with my fingers 5. original【熟义】adj.最初的 【生义】adj.原创的 Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. 6. pose【熟义】n.姿势【生义】v.提出 The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 7. piece【熟义】n.碎片【生义】n.文章，报道 However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. 8. point【熟义】v.指向【生义】n.观点 Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. 9. power【熟义】n.力量【生义】v.驱动 In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI ... 10. promise【熟义】v.承诺【生义】v.有……的希望；有……的可能 With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. 11. print【熟义】n.印刷 【生义】n.印刷品；出版物 The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 12. property【熟义】n.资产【生义】n.性质，特性 The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. 13. role【熟义】n.角色 【生义】n.作用 Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. 14. roll【熟义】v.滚动【生义】v.行驶 Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station. 15. say【熟义】v.说【生义】v.比方说 Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. 16. sensitive 熟义：敏感的 【生义】易受影响的；需保护的 …play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species. 17. skip【熟义】v.跳过【生义】v.避开；不做 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. 18. side【熟义】n.一边【生义】n.一面；方面 You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place. 19. sleep 熟义：睡眠 生义：死，长眠 …she was prepared to put him to sleep. 20. slower【熟义】adj.缓慢的【生义】adj.冷清的 You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. 21. address【熟义】n.地址【生义】v.处理；应对 This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 22. call【熟义】v.打电话【生义】n.请求；呼吁 We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest. 23. chief熟义：最重要的；首要的；主要的【生义】首席的 …says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit 24. closely【熟义】adv.紧密地，密切地【生义】adv.仔细地 She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely. 25. condition【熟义】n.状况 【生义】n. 疾病 Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. 26. cover【熟义】v.覆盖 【生义】①v.报道②v.涉及，处理③v.走完(一段路程) ① Jonson began writing about sports as a second year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper. ② And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? ③However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. 27. draw【熟义】v.画【生义】v.吸引 Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 28. enter【熟义】v.进入【生义】v.报名参加 I got a good bike and rode a lot. I dreamed of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. 29. favor【熟义】n.帮助；恩惠【生义】v.偏袒，特别照顾 Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework. 30. favorite【熟义】adj.最喜爱的【生义】n.最喜欢的东西 These plants included modern Western favorites such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 31. solid【熟义】adj.固体的【生义】adj.可靠的 While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. 32. tell【熟义】v.告诉；告知【生义】v.辨别，识别 (2024全国甲卷阅读B篇) That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. 33. throw【熟义】v.投；掷；抛【生义】v.把……拉制成坯 Wheel Throwing 34. translate【熟义】v.翻译 【生义】v.(使)转变 ... but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. 35. geography【熟义】n.地理【生义】n.布局 With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. 考向1 动词的一词多义 例1 （2025·北京海淀·一模）However, not everyone shared my compassion. One neighbor insisted on getting rid of the cats. He called Animal Control to have them 5 . Our debates were heated, but I advocated for them as I knew they had no one else to defend them. 5．A．fed B．removed C．examined D．cleaned 【变式训练1变考法】This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 【变式训练2变考法】 Then he tried acupuncture, an  ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after  two or three treatments. 考向2 动词的熟词生义 例1 【2023北京卷】The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could ____9____ they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. My____confidence___ still needed some nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print. 9. A. hope B. imagine C. tell D. predict 【变式训练1】 （2025·北京朝阳·六校联考）When Dave reached the shallows6 near the shore, he was bursting with excitement, fascinated that the current which had terrified him was seen as a helpful way by Mike. He had 7 this. He was right to be afraid 8 of the big waves, but no longer did he feel out of his depth. “Looks like you don’t need me any longer,” said Mike. “You are a professional. Have fun.” 7．A．quit B．shared C．doubted D．grasped 【变式训练2】It’s 11 a. m. on a glowing Perth day and I’m walking my black Labrador by the river. She 21 the neat grass edging the footpath. A glimpse of the bottlenose dolphins that call this river home would 22 my day. That’s when I suddenly think of my son, Alex. 21．A．tastes B．sniffs C．touches D．barks 22．A．fill B．enrich C．have D．make 【变式训练3变考法】 Soiling his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man saved a college student from disaster, just because she could have been his daughter. 【答案】弄脏 【解析】考查熟词生义。句意：在九月一个炎热的下午，这个男人弄脏着衣服，从灾难中救了一名大学生，只是因为她本可以是他的女儿。 04真题溯源·考向感知 1.(2025·北京·高考) I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone 12 (scare). 2.(2025·北京·高考) By the time you brushed your teeth, you 15 (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 3.(2025·北京·高考) When 17 (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 4. (2024·北京·高考) Taking the time 11 (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 12 (self-aware). 5. (2024·北京·高考) When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 13 (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 6.(2024·北京·高考) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 15 (name) the world’s oldest living man. 7.(2024·北京·高考) And when 16 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 8.(2024·北京·高考) Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 9.(2024·北京·高考) My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 10.(2023·北京·高考) Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 11 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. 11.(2023·北京·高考)I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 13 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 12.(2023·北京·高考)When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 13.(2023·北京·高考)Up to now, China 16 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 14.(2023·北京·高考)She called for action 19 (address)the struggles of people around the world 20 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. $$