专题17 定语从句两大要点归纳（讲义）-四川省2026年对口招生一轮复习《英语知识点清单》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：四川省2026年对口招生一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版）及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是四川省2026年对口招生一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第17个专题，内容为定语从句。 2026年四川省对口招生一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题17 定语从句（讲+练） 【考点解读】 从四川省对口招生考试英语真题看，定语从句考点聚焦关系词（如 that/which 指物、who/whom 指人等 ），需掌握关系词在从句中所作成分（主语、宾语等 ），明确先行词与关系词的关联，以及定语从句对先行词的修饰限定功能。备考要强化对关系词辨析、先行词判定，加深对定语从句结构、语义理解，提升运用能力 。 【思维导图】 【知识点清单一】定语从句（限制性定语从句） 【要点精讲】 一、什么是复合句 复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。按照从句在整个复合句中所起的语法作用，可将复合句分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。 二、定语从句相关概念 相关名词 概念 定语 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词品质与特征的句子成分。 定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。 先行词 被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面 关系词 定义 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose、 as，关系副词包括where、 when、 why。 作用 连接作用：放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，引导定于从句。 替代作用：代替先行词或是整个主句。 成分作用：在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，并与先行词在数上保持一致，即从句谓语要根据先行词来判断。 定语从句的分类：根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省略 He decided to buy the book which was recommended by his teacher. 他决定去买老师推荐的那本书。 非限制性定语从句的主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省略，意思仍完整 She lives in Chengdu, which is the capital of Sichuan Province. 她住在成都，四川的省会城市。 三、定语从句的结构 主句（先行词）+ 关系词（关系代词/关系副词）+ 从句 四、思维导图记忆关系词 五、关系代词的用法 关系代词 先行词 所作成分 是否可省略 例句 that 人、物 主语、宾语 作主语或前有介词时不可省略 She is the girl who/that helped me last year. （先行词指人，在从句中作主语） She is the girl who/whom/that/不填 helped me last year. （先行词指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略） who 人、物 主语、宾语 whom 人、物 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 I don’t like the book which/that is boring. （先行词指物，在从句中作主语） The package which/that/不填 you are carrying is about to drop. （先行词指物，在从句中作宾语，可以省略） whose 人、物 定语 不可省略 She is the girl whose mom is a teacher. （先行词指人，在从句中作定语修饰mom） 六、关系代词的特殊用法 情况 用法 例句 只用that不用which的情况 当先行词为anything、 everything、 nothing、 all、 none、 few、 little、 some等不定代词或先行词由不定代词every、 any、 all、 some、 no、 little、 few、 much等修饰时 All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都已经做了。 There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。 当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词以及the only、 the very、 the same、 the last等修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。 当先行词里同时含有人和物时 They talked about persons and things that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论记得的有关学校的人和事。 当先行词前面有who、 which等疑问代词时 Who is the woman that was talking to my mother？ 和我妈妈谈话的那个妇女是谁？ 主句是there be句型时 There is a mobile phone on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌上的那个手机是汤姆的。 有两个定语从句时，一个从句的关系代词已用which，另一个要用that The country build up a factory which produces things that have never seen before. 这个国家建立了一个工厂，生产以前从未见过的东西。 只用which不用that的情况 非限制性定语从句中且先行词指物时 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 上个月我们买的房子非常不错。 介词提至关系代词前时 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 先行词为that、 those时 What's that which is lying on the ground. 躺在地上的东西是什么？ 代表主句中谓语的整体概念时 He can swim in the sea, which I can’t. 他能够在海里游泳，我不能。 七、关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词 所作成分 特殊用法 例句 when =介词 + which 时间 时间状语 先行词是时间，且在从句中作时间状语，若先行词是时间，但是在从句中缺少主语或者宾语，此时则要用代词which或that I will never forget the day when we met again. ＝I will never forget the day on which we met again. 我将永远不会忘记我们再次相遇的那天。 I will never forget the time which I spent on campus.（从句缺少宾语） 我永远不会忘记在大学校园里度过的时光。 I will never forget the day when we first met in the park.（从句缺少时间状语） 我永远不会忘记我们第一次在公园见面的情景。 where =介词 + which 地点 地点状语 先行词表示地点，且在从句中作地点状语，若从句中缺少主语或者宾语，此时则要用代词which或that This is the house where I was born. ＝This is the house that/which I was born in. ＝This is the house in which I was born. 这是我出生的房子。 This is the town where I spent my childhood.（缺地点状语） 这就是我度过童年的小镇。 This is the town which I told you before.（缺宾语） 这就是我以前告诉过你的小镇。 why = for + which 原因 原因状语 用来表示原因，只引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the reason等表示原因的名词。 I can't imagine the reason why he turned down my help. ＝I can't imagine the reason for which he turned down my help. 我想象不到他拒绝我帮助的理由。 特殊用法 the way用作先行词表示“方式方法时”的情况 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且可以省略in which或that。 The way (that/in which/不填) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。 I don't like the way (that/in which/不填) you speak to her. 我不喜欢你跟她说话的方式。 八、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 用法 例句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可将介语置于关系代词前，由“介词＋关系代词”引导。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. ＝The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很有名。 This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. ＝This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是昨天跟我打网球的男孩。 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。 This is the watch for which I am looking. (×) This is the watch(which/that) I am looking for. (√) 这是我正在找的手表。 若介词放在关系代词前，则关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who、 that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with that/who you talked just now is my brother. (×) The man with whom you talked just now is my brother. (√) 刚才跟你谈话的那个人是我的弟弟。 The pencil with that he was writing suddenly broke.(×) The pencil with which he was writing suddenly broke.(√) 他写字的铅笔忽然折断了。 “介词＋关系代词”前还可有some、 any、 none、 all、 both、 neither、 many、 most、 each、 few等代词或者数词。 There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有四十个学生，大多数来自大城市。 I have over 100 books, 30 of which were bought last year. 我有100多本书，其中有30本是去年买的。 九、as的用法 情况 用法 例句 as引导限制性定语从句 指人或物，作主语、宾语。as作宾语时一般不可省略，如：such...as、 the same...as；或代替整个主句的内容。 He is such a person as is reported by all of us. 他就是我们报道的那种人。 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这支钢笔与我昨天丢的那支一样。 as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别 都可指代整个主句 The meeting was put off, as/which was exactly what we wanted. 会议被推迟了，这正是我们想要的。 as位于主句前后均可，which只能位于主句后 As we all know, fish can't live without water. 众所周知，鱼儿离不开水。 Smoking is bad for our health, as is known to us all. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 Dujiangyan is known as the “Millennium miracle”， which had benefited mankind for two thousand years. 都江堰被誉为造福人类两千年的“千年奇迹”。 十、关系词的选择（做题步骤） 步骤 用法 1、找从句 若空格后有1个谓语动词，则从空格到句未为从句； 若空格后后有多个谓语动词，则从空格后到第2个谓语动词之前为从句。 2、分析从句成分 从句缺成分(主宾表定)选关系代词，先行词指人/物。 从句不缺成分(主宾表定)选关系副词，先行词指时间/地点/原因 3、找先行词 看先行词指人/物还是指时间/地点/原因。 十一、定语从句的主谓一致 情况 用法 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。 The teacher who treats his students as his children was praised by the headmaster. 校长表扬了这个对待学生像自己的孩子的老师。 one of＋复数名词＋定语从句，复数名词是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式 Tom is one of the students who have been to the Great Wall. 汤姆是去过长城的学生之一。 the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句，one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 Tom is the only one of the students who has been to the Great Wall. 汤姆是这些学生中唯一一个去过长城的。 【即时训练】 1．During the intense fight in World War I, Surgent Presley led his unit through countless terrifying experiences and escaped death on a number of occasions ________ a split-second decision could have meant life or death. A．when B．where C．which D．that 2．No amount of toys can make up for the love and attention ____________ every child needs. A．what B．that C．where D．whether 3．The administration accused Harvard university of failing to live up to both the intellectual and civil rights conditions ______ justify federal investment. A．where B．as C．that D．what 4．I shall never forget the days ________ I spent in Beijing University, ________ has a great effect on my life. A．that; which B．when; which C．when; that D．that; that 5．The man ________ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour. A．with whom B．when C．to whom D．which 6．Please take any seat ________ is free. A．which B．where C．in which D．that 7．The last place ________ we visited was the Great Wall. A．which B．that C．where D．it 8．The number of people ________ lost their homes reached as many as 250,000. A．who B．which C．whom D．/ 9．The reason ________ he didn’t come to the meeting was ________ he was ill. A．because; that B．for which; because C．why; that D．for that; that 10．The man ________ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 【知识点清单二】非限制性定语从句 【要点精讲】 一、非限制性定语从句的定义 非限制性定语从句用来提供附加信息，对先行词进行进一步的解释补充或者说明。 二、非限制性定语从句的关系词 关系词 先行词 所作成分 例句 关系代词 who 指人 主语 My sister, who is a doctor, works in that hospital.我的姐姐是一名医生，她在那家医院工作。 whom 指人 宾语（不可省略） The boy, whom we met yesterday, is our new classmate. 我们昨天遇到的那个男孩是我们的新同学。 which 指物或指代整个主句或主句的一部分 主语、宾语 He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very proud.（指代整个主句内容，作主语。） 他在比赛中获胜了，这让他的父母非常骄傲。 The book, which I bought last week, is very interesting.（指代先行词（物），可作主语或宾语。） 我上周买的那本书很有趣。 whose 指人或物 定语 Mr. Li, whose daughter is studying abroad, often talks about her. 李先生的女儿在国外留学，他经常谈起她。 The house, whose windows face south, gets plenty of sunshine. 那栋房子的窗户朝南，光照很充足。 as 指代整个主句或主句的一部分 主语、宾语 As is often the case, he arrived late for the meeting. 正如常有的情况一样，他开会迟到了。 The earth, as we know, moves around the sun. 正如我们所知，地球绕着太阳转。 关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 We will visit Beijing, when we can see the Great Wall. 我们将去北京，到时候可以参观长城。 where 地点 地点状语 Shanghai, where my uncle lives, is a modern city. 我叔叔居住的上海是一座现代化城市。 三、as的常用结构 结构 意思 as is known to all as we all know as is well known 众所周知 as you know 正如你所知道的那样 as was expected 如前所料 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as has been mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 as is reported/ said 正如报道/所说的那样 as the (old)saying goes 常言道 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as you can see = as can be seen 正如你所看见的 四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式不同 主句和从句间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿。 主句和从句间用逗号隔开，口语中使用 时需要停顿。 功能不同 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清。 People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些，(若把从句去掉句子就失去了原本要表达的意义) 非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚 完整。 His daughter, who is in Boston now,is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 翻译不同 限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前。(...的) 非限定性定语从句与主句分开 含义不同 She is my sister who is a doctor. 她是我那个当医生的姐姐 (暗含姐姐不止一个) She is my sister, who is a doctor. 她是我姐姐，她是当医生的。 (没表示有几个姐姐) 先行词不同 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词 非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子。 当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限定性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。 Peter drove too fast,which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。 (which 指 drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。 (which 指整个主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。 (先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰 Her father, who has a lot of money!wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。 (先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 关系词不同 关系词 that 和 why 可用于限制 性定语从句中，通常不用于非 限制性定语从句。 在限制性定语从句中，关系代 词 which 用作宾语时，如果不 是紧跟在介词之后，通常可以 省略。 非限定性定语从句中关系词一律不省 略。 【即时训练】 1．The company launched a new product last month, ________ has become a bestseller in the market. A．that B．where C．which D．when 2．Scientists have achieved a major ________ in the search for a cure for cancers, ________ is good news for those who suffer from cancers. A．breakthrough; what B．breakdown; which C．breakup; that D．breakthrough; which 3．The businesswoman, ________ innovative business model revolutionized e-commerce, announced her retirement yesterday. A．whom B．whose C．which D．who 4．__________is reported, vaccination is an effective way to prevent diseases. A．What B．It C．As D．That 5．The article, ______ I worked all night, has not only been published in the local newspaper, sparking a series of discussions and debates. A．for which B．on which C．with which D．against which 6．The organization, ______ mission is to provide aid to underprivileged children, is believed to have made a substantial impact on the lives of thousands of young people through its various programs. A．where B．that C．which D．whose 7．He won the match, ________surprised all of us. A．that B．what C．which D．for which 8．I was nearly as excited about the snow this morning as the children, ______ I found all looking through the window at the magic outside. A．that B．when C．which D．whom 9．Our class has sixty students, most of ________ study hard. A．them B．whom C．that D．who 10．You have recommended two consultants to me, either of ________ was professional. A．them B．who C．which D．whom 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：四川省2026年对口招生一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版）及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是四川省2026年对口招生一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第17个专题，内容为定语从句。 2026年四川省对口招生一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题17 定语从句（讲+练） 【考点解读】 从四川省对口招生考试英语真题看，定语从句考点聚焦关系词（如 that/which 指物、who/whom 指人等 ），需掌握关系词在从句中所作成分（主语、宾语等 ），明确先行词与关系词的关联，以及定语从句对先行词的修饰限定功能。备考要强化对关系词辨析、先行词判定，加深对定语从句结构、语义理解，提升运用能力 。 【思维导图】 【知识点清单一】定语从句（限制性定语从句） 【要点精讲】 一、什么是复合句 复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个次要成分，不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导，并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。按照从句在整个复合句中所起的语法作用，可将复合句分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。 二、定语从句相关概念 相关名词 概念 定语 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词品质与特征的句子成分。 定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。 先行词 被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面 关系词 定义 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that、 which、 who、 whom、 whose、 as，关系副词包括where、 when、 why。 作用 连接作用：放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，引导定于从句。 替代作用：代替先行词或是整个主句。 成分作用：在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，并与先行词在数上保持一致，即从句谓语要根据先行词来判断。 定语从句的分类：根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省略 He decided to buy the book which was recommended by his teacher. 他决定去买老师推荐的那本书。 非限制性定语从句的主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省略，意思仍完整 She lives in Chengdu, which is the capital of Sichuan Province. 她住在成都，四川的省会城市。 三、定语从句的结构 主句（先行词）+ 关系词（关系代词/关系副词）+ 从句 四、思维导图记忆关系词 五、关系代词的用法 关系代词 先行词 所作成分 是否可省略 例句 that 人、物 主语、宾语 作主语或前有介词时不可省略 She is the girl who/that helped me last year. （先行词指人，在从句中作主语） She is the girl who/whom/that/不填 helped me last year. （先行词指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略） who 人、物 主语、宾语 whom 人、物 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 I don’t like the book which/that is boring. （先行词指物，在从句中作主语） The package which/that/不填 you are carrying is about to drop. （先行词指物，在从句中作宾语，可以省略） whose 人、物 定语 不可省略 She is the girl whose mom is a teacher. （先行词指人，在从句中作定语修饰mom） 六、关系代词的特殊用法 情况 用法 例句 只用that不用which的情况 当先行词为anything、 everything、 nothing、 all、 none、 few、 little、 some等不定代词或先行词由不定代词every、 any、 all、 some、 no、 little、 few、 much等修饰时 All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都已经做了。 There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。 当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词以及the only、 the very、 the same、 the last等修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。 当先行词里同时含有人和物时 They talked about persons and things that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论记得的有关学校的人和事。 当先行词前面有who、 which等疑问代词时 Who is the woman that was talking to my mother？ 和我妈妈谈话的那个妇女是谁？ 主句是there be句型时 There is a mobile phone on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌上的那个手机是汤姆的。 有两个定语从句时，一个从句的关系代词已用which，另一个要用that The country build up a factory which produces things that have never seen before. 这个国家建立了一个工厂，生产以前从未见过的东西。 只用which不用that的情况 非限制性定语从句中且先行词指物时 The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 上个月我们买的房子非常不错。 介词提至关系代词前时 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。 先行词为that、 those时 What's that which is lying on the ground. 躺在地上的东西是什么？ 代表主句中谓语的整体概念时 He can swim in the sea, which I can’t. 他能够在海里游泳，我不能。 七、关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词 所作成分 特殊用法 例句 when =介词 + which 时间 时间状语 先行词是时间，且在从句中作时间状语，若先行词是时间，但是在从句中缺少主语或者宾语，此时则要用代词which或that I will never forget the day when we met again. ＝I will never forget the day on which we met again. 我将永远不会忘记我们再次相遇的那天。 I will never forget the time which I spent on campus.（从句缺少宾语） 我永远不会忘记在大学校园里度过的时光。 I will never forget the day when we first met in the park.（从句缺少时间状语） 我永远不会忘记我们第一次在公园见面的情景。 where =介词 + which 地点 地点状语 先行词表示地点，且在从句中作地点状语，若从句中缺少主语或者宾语，此时则要用代词which或that This is the house where I was born. ＝This is the house that/which I was born in. ＝This is the house in which I was born. 这是我出生的房子。 This is the town where I spent my childhood.（缺地点状语） 这就是我度过童年的小镇。 This is the town which I told you before.（缺宾语） 这就是我以前告诉过你的小镇。 why = for + which 原因 原因状语 用来表示原因，只引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the reason等表示原因的名词。 I can't imagine the reason why he turned down my help. ＝I can't imagine the reason for which he turned down my help. 我想象不到他拒绝我帮助的理由。 特殊用法 the way用作先行词表示“方式方法时”的情况 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且可以省略in which或that。 The way (that/in which/不填) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。 I don't like the way (that/in which/不填) you speak to her. 我不喜欢你跟她说话的方式。 八、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 用法 例句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可将介语置于关系代词前，由“介词＋关系代词”引导。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. ＝The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很有名。 This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. ＝This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是昨天跟我打网球的男孩。 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。 This is the watch for which I am looking. (×) This is the watch(which/that) I am looking for. (√) 这是我正在找的手表。 若介词放在关系代词前，则关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who、 that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with that/who you talked just now is my brother. (×) The man with whom you talked just now is my brother. (√) 刚才跟你谈话的那个人是我的弟弟。 The pencil with that he was writing suddenly broke.(×) The pencil with which he was writing suddenly broke.(√) 他写字的铅笔忽然折断了。 “介词＋关系代词”前还可有some、 any、 none、 all、 both、 neither、 many、 most、 each、 few等代词或者数词。 There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有四十个学生，大多数来自大城市。 I have over 100 books, 30 of which were bought last year. 我有100多本书，其中有30本是去年买的。 九、as的用法 情况 用法 例句 as引导限制性定语从句 指人或物，作主语、宾语。as作宾语时一般不可省略，如：such...as、 the same...as；或代替整个主句的内容。 He is such a person as is reported by all of us. 他就是我们报道的那种人。 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这支钢笔与我昨天丢的那支一样。 as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别 都可指代整个主句 The meeting was put off, as/which was exactly what we wanted. 会议被推迟了，这正是我们想要的。 as位于主句前后均可，which只能位于主句后 As we all know, fish can't live without water. 众所周知，鱼儿离不开水。 Smoking is bad for our health, as is known to us all. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 Dujiangyan is known as the “Millennium miracle”， which had benefited mankind for two thousand years. 都江堰被誉为造福人类两千年的“千年奇迹”。 十、关系词的选择（做题步骤） 步骤 用法 1、找从句 若空格后有1个谓语动词，则从空格到句未为从句； 若空格后后有多个谓语动词，则从空格后到第2个谓语动词之前为从句。 2、分析从句成分 从句缺成分(主宾表定)选关系代词，先行词指人/物。 从句不缺成分(主宾表定)选关系副词，先行词指时间/地点/原因 3、找先行词 看先行词指人/物还是指时间/地点/原因。 十一、定语从句的主谓一致 情况 用法 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。 The teacher who treats his students as his children was praised by the headmaster. 校长表扬了这个对待学生像自己的孩子的老师。 one of＋复数名词＋定语从句，复数名词是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式 Tom is one of the students who have been to the Great Wall. 汤姆是去过长城的学生之一。 the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句，one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 Tom is the only one of the students who has been to the Great Wall. 汤姆是这些学生中唯一一个去过长城的。 【即时训练】 1．During the intense fight in World War I, Surgent Presley led his unit through countless terrifying experiences and escaped death on a number of occasions ________ a split-second decision could have meant life or death. A．when B．where C．which D．that 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在第一次世界大战的激烈战斗中，瑟金特・普雷斯利率领他的部队经历了无数可怕的遭遇，多次在生死存亡的瞬间侥幸逃生。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词 occasions，表“某个具体的时间点或时机”，在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when引导。故选A项。 2．No amount of toys can make up for the love and attention ____________ every child needs. A．what B．that C．where D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：再多的玩具也无法弥补每个孩子所需要的爱和关注。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the love and attention，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作needs的宾语，B项的关系代词that可作引导词。故选B。 3．The administration accused Harvard university of failing to live up to both the intellectual and civil rights conditions ______ justify federal investment. A．where B．as C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：政府指责哈佛大学没有达到证明联邦投资合理性的学术和公民权利条件。分析句子结构可知，“______ justify federal investment”为定语从句，修饰先行词conditions。在定语从句中，需要一个关系代词来充当主语，指代“conditions”，并引导定语从句，that作为关系代词，既可以指代人也可以指代物，在定语从句中能够作主语或宾语。故选C项。 4．I shall never forget the days ________ I spent in Beijing University, ________ has a great effect on my life. A．that; which B．when; which C．when; that D．that; that 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记在北京大学度过的那些日子，那对我的人生影响很大。第一空为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the days，关系词在从句中作spent的宾语，指物，可用关系代词that或which引导；第二空是关系词引导的非限定性定语从句，先行词为主句整个句子，指事情，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词which引导。故选A项。 5．The man ________ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour. A．with whom B．when C．to whom D．which 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你将要与之交朋友的那个人是我父亲的邻居。此处为“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the man，指人，关系词需在从句中作介词的宾语，与“make friends”构成搭配“make friends with sb.”，因此介词应选with，指人的关系代词用whom，即“with whom”。故选A。 6．Please take any seat ________ is free. A．which B．where C．in which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：请随便坐任何空着的座位。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词any seat，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用关系代词that或which引导，但当先行词被any（任何）修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。故选D项。 7．The last place ________ we visited was the Great Wall. A．which B．that C．where D．it 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们最后参观的地方是长城。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the last place，指物，关系词在从句中作visited的宾语，可用关系代词that或which，但当先行词被the last修饰时，关系代词只能用that。故选B项。 8．The number of people ________ lost their homes reached as many as 250,000. A．who B．which C．whom D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。 句意：失去家园的人数多达 25 万。“________ lost their homes”是定语从句，先行词 people”（人），在从句中作主语，所以要用who。故选A。 9．The reason ________ he didn’t come to the meeting was ________ he was ill. A．because; that B．for which; because C．why; that D．for that; that 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他没来开回的原因是他生病了。第一空引导定语从句，先行词为the reason，在从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why或for which引导；第二空引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，且引导词没有含义，用连接词that引导。故选C。 10．The man ________ gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天给我们做科学演讲的那个人是一位著名的科学家。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“man”，指人，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“who”引导从句。故选A项。 【知识点清单二】非限制性定语从句 【要点精讲】 一、非限制性定语从句的定义 非限制性定语从句用来提供附加信息，对先行词进行进一步的解释补充或者说明。 二、非限制性定语从句的关系词 关系词 先行词 所作成分 例句 关系代词 who 指人 主语 My sister, who is a doctor, works in that hospital.我的姐姐是一名医生，她在那家医院工作。 whom 指人 宾语（不可省略） The boy, whom we met yesterday, is our new classmate. 我们昨天遇到的那个男孩是我们的新同学。 which 指物或指代整个主句或主句的一部分 主语、宾语 He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very proud.（指代整个主句内容，作主语。） 他在比赛中获胜了，这让他的父母非常骄傲。 The book, which I bought last week, is very interesting.（指代先行词（物），可作主语或宾语。） 我上周买的那本书很有趣。 whose 指人或物 定语 Mr. Li, whose daughter is studying abroad, often talks about her. 李先生的女儿在国外留学，他经常谈起她。 The house, whose windows face south, gets plenty of sunshine. 那栋房子的窗户朝南，光照很充足。 as 指代整个主句或主句的一部分 主语、宾语 As is often the case, he arrived late for the meeting. 正如常有的情况一样，他开会迟到了。 The earth, as we know, moves around the sun. 正如我们所知，地球绕着太阳转。 关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 We will visit Beijing, when we can see the Great Wall. 我们将去北京，到时候可以参观长城。 where 地点 地点状语 Shanghai, where my uncle lives, is a modern city. 我叔叔居住的上海是一座现代化城市。 三、as的常用结构 结构 意思 as is known to all as we all know as is well known 众所周知 as you know 正如你所知道的那样 as was expected 如前所料 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as has been mentioned above 正如上面所提到的 as is reported/ said 正如报道/所说的那样 as the (old)saying goes 常言道 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as you can see = as can be seen 正如你所看见的 四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 形式不同 主句和从句间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿。 主句和从句间用逗号隔开，口语中使用 时需要停顿。 功能不同 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清。 People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些，(若把从句去掉句子就失去了原本要表达的意义) 非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚 完整。 His daughter, who is in Boston now,is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 翻译不同 限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前。(...的) 非限定性定语从句与主句分开 含义不同 She is my sister who is a doctor. 她是我那个当医生的姐姐 (暗含姐姐不止一个) She is my sister, who is a doctor. 她是我姐姐，她是当医生的。 (没表示有几个姐姐) 先行词不同 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词 非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子。 当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限定性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。 Peter drove too fast,which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。 (which 指 drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。 (which 指整个主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。 (先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰 Her father, who has a lot of money!wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。 (先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 关系词不同 关系词 that 和 why 可用于限制 性定语从句中，通常不用于非 限制性定语从句。 在限制性定语从句中，关系代 词 which 用作宾语时，如果不 是紧跟在介词之后，通常可以 省略。 非限定性定语从句中关系词一律不省 略。 【即时训练】 1．The company launched a new product last month, ________ has become a bestseller in the market. A．that B．where C．which D．when 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该公司上个月推出了一款新产品，该产品在市场上大受欢迎，成为了畅销品。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词product ，在从句作主语，指物，故用which。故选C。 2．Scientists have achieved a major ________ in the search for a cure for cancers, ________ is good news for those who suffer from cancers. A．breakthrough; what B．breakdown; which C．breakup; that D．breakthrough; which 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析和定语从句。句意：科学家在癌症疗法上已取得重大突破，这对于癌症患者来说是一个好消息。第一空，动词短语breakthrough突破；breakdown 破裂；breakup解散，进行辨析，根据后文 in the search for a cure for cancers指科学家在癌症疗法上已取得重大突破。第二空是非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，用which 指代前面的句子，作主语。故选D项。 3．The businesswoman, ________ innovative business model revolutionized e-commerce, announced her retirement yesterday. A．whom B．whose C．which D．who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位女商人昨天宣布退休，她的创新商业模式彻底改变了电子商务。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是businesswoman，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导，故选B。 4．__________is reported, vaccination is an effective way to prevent diseases. A．What B．It C．As D．That 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如所报道的那样，接种疫苗是预防疾病的有效方法 。“as is reported” 是固定表达，属于非限制性定语从句，as 指代整个主句 “vaccination is an effective way to prevent diseases” 的内容，在从句中作主语，意为 “正如，正像” ；what 不能引导定语从句；it 常作形式主语，构成 “It is reported that...” 结构；that 引导定语从句时一般不用于非限制性定语从句且无 “正如” 之意 。故选 C. 5．The article, ______ I worked all night, has not only been published in the local newspaper, sparking a series of discussions and debates. A．for which B．on which C．with which D．against which 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这篇我通宵写作的文章不仅在当地报纸上发表，引发了一系列的讨论和辩论。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句，work on是固定短语，意为“忙于”，先行词The article是物，因此空格处是on which。故选B。 6．The organization, ______ mission is to provide aid to underprivileged children, is believed to have made a substantial impact on the lives of thousands of young people through its various programs. A．where B．that C．which D．whose 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该组织的使命是为贫困儿童提供援助，人们相信，该组织通过各种项目，已经对成千上万年轻人的生活产生了重大影响。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The organization，指物，关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词mission，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故选D。 7．He won the match, ________surprised all of us. A．that B．what C．which D．for which 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他赢了比赛，这让我们所有人都感到惊讶。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 8．I was nearly as excited about the snow this morning as the children, ______ I found all looking through the window at the magic outside. A．that B．when C．which D．whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：今天早上我几乎和孩子们一样为雪感到兴奋，我发现他们都在透过窗户看外面的神奇景象。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the children，先行词指人，关系词指代先行词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词whom。故选D。 9．Our class has sixty students, most of ________ study hard. A．them B．whom C．that D．who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们班有六十名学生，他们中的大多数学习都很努力。此处为“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词sixty students指的是人，所以此处使用关系代词whom。故选B项。 10．You have recommended two consultants to me, either of ________ was professional. A．them B．who C．which D．whom 【答案】D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你给我推荐了两位顾问，他们都很专业。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词consultants是人，因此空格处是whom，故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$