Module 3 知识详解 2025-2026学年外研版英语九年级上册

语法 1. because引导原因状语从句的用法 2. so连接并列分句的用法 3. so that引导目的状语从句的用法 课标词汇 attend出席;上(学);参加(事件或活动)abroad 在国外;到国外whatever无论什么;不管什么amazing惊人的;极好的 will意志;决心 victory胜利;成功simply实在;的确 medal奖牌;奖章 doctor博士 degree课程;学位 including包含 Canadian加拿大(人)的 soldier军人;士兵 treat医治 war战争 wound伤;伤口 operation手术 sick生病的;(感觉)不适的 wounded 受伤的 himself他自己 Canada加拿大 dying垂死的;即将死亡的realise了解;意识到 care照顾;照料 tool工具;器械invention发明;发明物useful有用的;有益的 rest休息;睡眠manage做成;(尤指)没法完成 continue(使)继续 give up放弃(努力) once again再一次 at that time那时候 on one’ s own独自一人die of为......而死 take care of照顾;护理 die of死于 Unit 1 1.who is your hero 【词块】hero是可数名词,意为“男英雄”,复数形式是heroes。它的对应词是heroine,意为“女英雄”,复数形式是heroines。 He calls Mr. Mandela a hero. 他称曼德拉先生是英雄。 Mulan is an ancient Chinese heroine. 花木兰是中国古代女英雄。 知识回顾 以o结尾的名词,有的加es,有的加s。 tomato tomatoes西红柿 potato potatoes土豆 piano pianos钢琴 radio radios收音机 2.Who have you chosen to tell us about? 【词块】have you chosen to tell用的是choose to do sth结构,表示“选择做某事”。choose在此作及物动词,意为“选择”,过去式和过去分词分别是chose和chosen,接动词作宾语时动词要变为动词不定式。 I chose to buy this red coat.我选择买这件红色大衣。 Lingling has chosen to go shopping with me.玲玲选择和我一起去购物。 ( 知识回顾:choose还可以构成下列结构: 1.choose sb(间接宾语)sth(直接宾语)表示 “ 为某人挑选某物 ” ,可以与choose sth for sb互换。 He chooses me a nice present. =He chooses a nice present for me. 他为我选了一件漂亮的礼物。 2.choose sb(宾语)to do sth(宾补)表示 “ 选择某人做某事 ” 。 I have chosen him to be the monitor.我选他做班长。 ) 3.She’s my hero because she’s one of the best table tennis players in the world and I love playing table tennis. 【难点】She’s my hero是主句,because she’s......table tennis是because引导的原因状语从句。because在此意为“因为”,引导的从句说明理由。 Your parents will do everything for you because they love you. 你的父母愿意为你做一切事情, 因为他们爱你。 【词块1】one of the best table tennis players是“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”结构,表示“最……之一”,作’s(is的缩写)的表语。该结构中的the不能省略,名词必须用复数形式。 This bed is one of the most comfortable beds in my house. 这张床是我家最舒服的一张床之一。 小贴士 “one of + the + 形容词最高级 +复数名词”结构作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 One of the tallest students in our class is Jim. 我们班最高的学生之一是吉姆。 【词块2】love playing table tennis是love+V-ing结构,表示“(习惯)喜欢做某事”。love作及物动词时意为“喜欢”,可以接V-ing或动词不定式作宾语,接动词不定式作宾语时表示“(具体一次)喜欢做某事。 I love swimming but today I don’t love to swim. 我喜欢游泳,但今天我不愿游。 【词块3】playing table tennis是“play+球类名词”的V-ing形式。play接球类名词时play可以翻译为“踢、打”,球类名词前面不加冠词。 play football踢足球 play basketball打篮球 知识回顾 1. play接乐器类名词时名词前面要加the,play翻译为“弹、拉、打”。 play the pipa弹琵琶 play the drums 打鼓 play the violin拉小提琴 2.play接棋牌类名词时名词前面不加冠词,play翻译为“打、下”。 play poker打扑克 play chess下国际象棋 4.She trained hard 【词块】train在此作不及物动词,意为“训练”。 He has trained for one month.他训练了一个月。 知识归纳 train的其他含义 1.作及物动词时意为“训练”,构成“train sb to do sth”结构,表示“训练某人做某事”。 They train students to develop the good habits.他们训练学生养成良好的习惯。 2.作可数名词时意为“火车”。 We can go to Beijing by train.我们可以坐火车去北京。 5.And what competitions has she won? 【词块1】这是由what引导的特殊疑问句,时态为现在完成时。此时what作疑问形容词,意为“什么”,其后必须接名词,名词既可以是单数形式,也可以是复数形式。 —What clubs has she joined?她加入了什么俱乐部? —The English club and the art club.英语俱乐部和美术俱乐部。 ( 妙辨异同 what 和wh ich 作疑问形容词的异同点: 相同点:它们都要接名词。 不同点: 1. what意为 “ 什么 ” ,所表示的范围很大。which意为 “ 哪一个 ” ,是在特定的范围内作选择。 2. what对事物提问,不接代词one。which对人和事物提问,可以接代词one /ones 。 — What color is it?它是什么颜色? — Blue.蓝色。 — Which color do you choose,black or white?你选哪种颜色,黑色还是白色? — White.白色。 — Which one is your father?哪一个是你爸爸? — The one with long hair.那个留长发的人。 There are many books on the floor. Which ones are yours? 地板上有很多书。哪些是你的? )【词块2】win意为“赢得”,过去式和过去分词是won,接表示“比赛、战斗、奖品”的词作宾语,不接表示“人”的词作宾语。 We’ll try our best to win the match.我们将尽最大努力去赢得这场比赛。 He has already won first prize in the surfing competition.他已经在冲浪比赛中获得第一。 词语辨析 beat和win表示“赢”的区别 beat是及物动词,意为“打赢”,过去式是beat,过去分词是beaten,要接表示“人”的词作宾语。 Li Lei beats all the runners in the 100-meter race. 李磊在百米赛跑中赢了所有的对手。 I have beaten my best friend in the football match. 我在球赛中打赢了我最好的朋友。 6.including four gold medals in the Olympics 【词块】including......Olympics是including引导的介词短语。including是介词,意为“包括”,接表示“人、事物”的词,引导的短语放在句中时用逗号将其与前后内容隔开,引导的短语放在句末时用逗号将其与前面内容隔开。 Everybody in the village,including the old men and women,took part in the spring planting. 村里每个人,包括老人和妇女,都参加了春种。 The book contains twenty maps,including three of Latin America. 这本书里有二十幅地图,包括三幅拉丁美洲地图。 知识拓展 included是形容词,意为“包括的”,要将包含的内容放在included的前面。 Everybody laughs, him included.所有人,包括他在内,都笑了。 7.She stopped playing when she was twenty-four. 【词块】 stopped playing用的是“stop+V-ing”结构,表示“停止做某事”,指停下手中正在做的事。 Stop playing football. It’s time for class. 别踢足球了。该上课了。 As soon as the baby sees her mother,she stops crying. 那个小婴儿一看见自己的妈妈就不哭了。 用法辨析 stop+V-ing和stop to do sth的区别 stop to do sth表示“停下来做别的事”,指停下手中正在做的事,去做另外一件事。 As soon as they saw the teacher coming,they stopped to do their homework. 他们一看见老师来了就停下来开始做功课了。 8.attended university abroad 【词块1】attend在此作及物动词,意为“上(学)”,要接表示“学校”的名词作宾语,名词前面可以不用冠词。 They attended university in Germany. 他们在德国上大学。 All children over seven must attend school. 七岁以上的小孩都得上学。 【词块2】university是可数名词,意为“大学”,指综合性大学,主要提供本科、研究生、博士学位的教育。 There is a university over there.那边有一所大学。 (它的首字母u发辅音[ju:],如果带上不定冠词,要用a。) 【词块3】abroad是副词,意为“在国外”,在此作地点状语。它也可以放在be动词后面作表语。 I would like to go abroad this year, perhaps to the south of France. 我今年想去国外,可能去法国南部。 He will stand in for Mr. Green when he is abroad. 当格林先生在国外时他将代行其职。 9.Her English wasn’t good enough when she began. 【词块】enough在此作副词,意为“足够”,修饰good。enough可以修饰形容词、副词、动词,必须放在它们的后面。 You don’t relax enough. 你休息不足。 I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。 You’re not driving fast enough. 你开车开得不够快。 ( 知识拓展 enough的其他用法 1.作名词时意为 “ 足够的东西 ” ,比如钱、事情、工作等等。 I have enough to do.我有足够的事情做。 We earned enough to buy a new house. 我们挣的钱足够买一幢新房子。 2. 作形容词 时 意为 “ 足够的 ” ,修饰名词时放在名词前后都可以。 There i s enough food / food enough for everybody.有足够大家吃的食物。 ) 10.she completed her doctor’s degree at Canbridge University. 【词块】complete在此作及物动词,意为“完成”,过去式和过去分词是completed。它是正式用语,接表示“计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书籍、作品”等词作宾语,不接V-ing或动词不定式作宾语。 He has never completed a project on time.他从未按时完成过计划。 The bridge is not completed yet. 这座桥至今尚未完工。 ( 用法辨析 complete和finish作及物动词表示 “ 完成 ” 的区别 1.finish是普通用语,接表示 “ 任务、活动 ” 的词作宾语,接动词时动词必须变为V-ing形式。 Have you finished your work?你完成了你的工作吗? He finished writing the letter last night. 这封信他是昨晚写完的。 2.表示完成学业、精细的工作用finish,不用complete。 He finished school in 1991. 他1991年从学校毕业。 The wood-work is beautifully finished. 这件木器做得很精细。 ) 知识拓展 completion是不可数名词,意为“完成”。 We aim for the completion of the task by the end of the year. 我们的最终目的是最迟在年底完成这项工作。 11.Whatever she does,she never gives up! 【难点】Whatever she does是whatever引导的让步状语从句,放在主句she never gives up之前,用逗号隔开它们。whatever意为“无论什么”,相当于no matter what,在该从句中作does的宾语。它引导让步状语从句时还可以作主语或定语。 I am going anyway no matter what / whatever you say. 不管你怎么说,我无论如何是要去的。(whatever作say宾语) No matter what / Whatever happens,you should stay with me. 无论发生什么事情,你都应该和我在一起。(whatever作主语,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式) No matter what / Whatever problems you have,come to me for help. 不管你有什么问题,来找我帮忙好了。(whatever作定语修饰problems) 知识拓展 whatever引导名词性从句时意为“任何事物”,此时不能与no matter what互换。 Talk to me about whatever is troubling you. 给我谈谈任何使你烦恼的事。(whatever......you是宾语从句,whatever在从句中作主语) Whatever he said was right. 他说的任何话都是对的。 (Whatever he said是主语从句,whatever在从句中作said的宾语) 【词块】give up在此是“不及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“放弃”。它的主语是人,也可以用在祈使句中。 He is a person who never gives up.他是个从不放弃的人。 Don’t give up!别放弃! ( 知识拓展 give up作 “ 及物动词 +副词 ” 类型的 短语 时 意为 “ 放弃 ” 。 1. 接名词作宾语时名词放在up前后都可以 , 接代词时代词要放在up之前。 He decide s to give up maths.他决定放弃数学。 The puzzle is too difficult. I will give it up.这个谜语太难了 。 我 要放弃它 。 2. 接动词时 动词 要 变为 V- ing形式。 The police gave up searching for the lost child. 警察放弃了寻找失踪的孩子。 ) 12.That’s amazing. 【词块】amazing是形容词,意为“惊人的、极好的”,可以描述人和事物,作表语或定语。amazing的首字母发元音[ ],它的前面有不定冠词时要用an。 She is an amazing woman with a strong desire to succeed. 她怀有强烈的成功欲望,是一位杰出的女性。 It is amazing how quickly people adapt. 人适应环境的速度之快真是惊人 词语辨析 amazing和amazed的区别 amazed是形容词,意为“极为惊奇的、惊奇的”。它的主语通常是人,常作表语,不能放在名词前面作定语。表示“对……感到吃惊”用be amazed at。 I was amazed at his calmness.我对他的镇定感到吃惊。 13.Deng says that she isn’t cleverer than anyone else 【词块】else在此作形容词,意为“别的、其他的”,作后置定语修饰anyone。else作形容词时必须作后置定语,其后不接名词。 (1)它可以放在含有 -one, -body, -thing, -where 结尾的复合词后面作定语。 Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧。 Does anyone else know about it?还有别的什么人知道这件事吗? Everything else depended upon that. 其他一切都靠那个决定。 There is nowhere else for me to go. 我没有别的地方可去。 (2)它可以放在疑问代词who和what的后面作定语。 Who else was at the party? 晚会上还有谁? What else can we do? 我们还能做什么? (3)它可以放在much、little、all的后面作定语。 Not much else is known. 其他的不是很清楚。 He taught us to put the interests of the people before all else. 他教导我们把人民的利益放在最重要的位置。 There was little else he could do. 他再没有别的什么可做了。 ( 词语辨析:other和else意为 “ 其他的 ” 的区别: other的后面要接名词, else不可以 。 What other things do you want to buy?你想买其他什么东西吗? 知识拓展 else 作副词时意为 “ 其他 ” ,放在疑问副词后面作定语。 Why else will she send me away? 还有其他理由让她将我送走吗? When else can I meet you?我其他什么时间可以与你见面? ) 14.but she has a very strong will 【词块】will在此是可数名词,意为“意志”。表示“一种做某事的意志”用a will to do sth。 He loses a will to live. 他失去了生存的意志。 He had a strong will to beat his opponent. 他有击败对手的强烈欲望。 15.I think she’s a good student as well as a good player. 【词块】as well as意为“不但.....而且......、以及”,连接两个并列成分。它引导的短语可以作主语、表语、宾语等成分,强调的重点是第一个as前面的内容。它连接两个主语时谓语动词根据第一个主语来确定。 He can speak French as well as English. 他不但会讲英语, 而且会讲法语。(as well as连接两个宾语,强调French) The girl is lovely as well as pretty. 那个女孩不但漂亮, 而且可爱。(as well as连接两个表语,强调lovely) The teacher as well as his students likes the movie. 那位老师以及他的学生喜爱这部电影。(as well as连接两个主语,第一个主语是单数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式) ( 知识拓展 1.as well as连接两个动词时,通常第二个动词用V-ing形式。如果第一个动词之前有动词不定式符号to或情态动词,第二个动词要用原形。 He sings as well as playing the piano. 他不但会弹钢琴,而且会唱歌。 The robot is able to dance as well as sing. 这个机器人不但会唱歌,而且会跳舞。 Students should pursue their own interests, as well as do their school work. 学生不但应该做家庭作业,而且还要有自己的兴趣。 2. as well as 意为 “ 除了 ......以外 ” 时 要接 V-ing,引导的短语要放在句首。 As well as walking, he likes fishing and shooting. 他除散步之外还喜欢钓鱼和打猎。 ) 16.she helped make the Beijing Olympics a victory for world sport 【词块1】helped make用了help do sth结构,表示“帮助做某事”,do sth的前面省略了动词不定式符号to。 He helps(to) clean the classroom.他帮助打扫教室。 They help(to)save that boy.他们帮助救那个男孩。 【词块2】make the Beijing Olympics a victory用的是“make sb/sth(宾语)+名词(宾补)”结构,表示“使某人/物成为......”。make在此作使役动词,意为“使得”。 They make him their head. 他们使他成为他们的首领。 From now on, everybody should protect the environment and make our home a better world. 从现在起,每个人都应该保护环境,使我们的家园更美好的世界。 【词块3】victory在此作可数名词,意为“胜利”,复数形式是victories。 One victory follows another in quick succession. 一个胜利紧接着一个胜利。 Cromwell refers his victories to God.克伦威尔把自己的胜利归于天意。 17.She’s simply the best! 【词块】simply是副词,意为“仅仅”,修饰the best,起强调作用。simply作此意时可以与only互换,修饰名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语等成分,要放在这些词的前面。 Don't be angry with him. He's only/simply a kid. 别和他生气了,他只不过是个小孩子嘛。 I heard of his death only/simply yesterday. 昨天我才听说他的死讯。 They did it only/simply for fun. 他们做这件事只是为了取乐。 I only/simply play computer games in my free time. 我只在空余时间玩电脑游戏。 18.She is a true hero. 【词块】true是形容词,意为“真正的”,表示褒义。它可以描述“人、事物”,常放在名词前面作定语。 This country professes to be a true democracy. 该国宣称自己是一个真正的民主国家。 Maybe one day you'll find true love. 也许有一天你会找到真爱。 Unit 2 1.By Wang Lingling 【词块】by作介词,意为“由......创作”,要接表示人的词作宾语。它引导的介词短语可以放在be动词后面作表语,也可以作后置定语修饰名词。 Teenagers love Harry Potter by J.K.Rowling . 青少年喜爱由J.K.罗琳创作的《哈里 波特》。 Who is this book by?这本书是谁创作的? 2.He was a Canadian doctor. 【词块】Canadian 是形容词,意为“加拿大的”,常放在名词前面作定语。 What about the Canadian policy? 加拿大的政策呢? 知识归纳 Canadian作可数名词时意为“加拿大人”。 There are some Canadians in this company.这个公司里有一些加拿大人。 3.He came to China to help the Chinese people and died for them. 【词块】die for是动词短语,意为“为......而死”,可以接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语。 It is a glorious thing to die for the people. 为人民而死很光荣。 They are ready to die for their beliefs. 他们愿意为信仰而死。 4.he went to Spain in 1936 to treat the wounded soldiers during the war there 【词块1】treat在此作及物动词,意为“治疗”,接表示“人、身体部位”的词作宾语。它强调治疗过程,不含有“治好”之意。它对应的名词是treatment,意为“治疗”。 This dentist is treating his teeth.这位牙医正在给他治牙齿。 Doctors treat her with this medicine.医生用这种药给她治疗。 Many patients are not getting the medical treatment they need. 许多病人都没有得到他们需要的医疗。 ( 妙辨异同 cure和treat 作 及物动词时 都含有 “ 治疗 ” 之意, 异同点如下: 相同点:它们都接表示 “ 人、身体部位 ” 的词作宾语。 不同点: cure意为 “ 治愈 ” ,强调治好病人。 treat无此含义。 An operation finally cured his shin injury.手术最终治好了他胫部的伤。 The only way to cure backache is to rest. 治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。 ) 【词块2】wounded是形容词,在此表示“受伤的”,强调受刀、枪等伤害,常放在名词前面作定语。 He operated on the leg of the wounded solider. 他给那个腿受伤的战士动了手术。 知识拓展 wounded还可以表示“(感情)受伤的”。 I think she feels deeply wounded and unloved. 我想她会觉得深深地受到了伤害,感觉没人爱她。 【词块3】during the war表示“在战争期间”。war是可数名词,意为“战争”。 His family suffered all kinds of hardships during the war. 他家在战争期间受尽了苦难。 5.He soon realised that many people were dying 【词块】realise是及物动词,意为“意识到”。它是英式英语,对应的美式英语是realize,可以接表示“事物”的词作宾语,还可以接宾语从句。 They don’t realize/realise the value of your advice. 他们没有意识到你的建议的价值。 I realise/realize that I can’t finish this task on time. 我意识到我无法按时完成这个任务。 知识拓展 realize/realise对应的名词是realization/realisation,意为“实现”。 The ultimate aim of the Party is the realization of communism. 党的最终目的是实现共产主义。 【难点】that...... were dying是that引导的宾语从句,作realised的宾语。were dying是die的过去进行时结构,die常用进行时表示“即将死去”。 The doctor says he is dying. 医生说他生命将尽。 ( 知识归纳 1.dead是形容词,意为 “ 死亡的 ” 。 He was already dead when the doctor came. 医生赶来的时候他已经死了。 2.death是名词,意为 “ 死亡 ” 。 1.5 million people are in immediate danger of death from starvation. 150万人正因饥饿而即将面临死亡的危险。 3.dying还可以作形容词,意为 “ 垂死的、即将死亡的 ” ,放在名词前面作定语。 This is a dying bird.这是只将死的鸟。 4.die是短暂性动词,在肯定句中不与延续性时间状语连用,对应的延续性动词是be dead。 His grandpa has died for two years.( ) His grandpa has been dead for two years. ( √ ) 他的祖父死了已两年了。 ) 6.Dr Bethune developed new ways of taking care of the sick. 【词块1】develop在此作及物动词,意为“研制、研发”,可以接表示“产品、主意、方法”的词作宾语。 He intends to develop the new computer software. 他打算开发一种新的计算机软件。 Scientists will begin working to understand the virus, and to develop a way to fight it. 科学家们将开始努力了解这种病毒,并研发抵抗此病毒的方法。 【词块2】句中用ways of doing sth结构,表示“做某事的方法”。of doing sth作后置定语修饰way(s),可以转换为to do sth结构。 This is a way to learn English. = This is a way of learning English. 这是一种学习英语的方法。 I have several ways of solving this problem. =I have several ways to solve this problem.我有几种解决这个问题的方法。 【词块3】taking care of是take care of的V-ing短语,表示“照顾”,可以接表示“人、动物、事物”的词作宾语,同义表达是look after/care for。 Who will take care of/look after/care for our dog when we are away? 我们不在的时候,谁来照看我们的小狗? I am taking care of/looking after/caring for my brother. 我正在照顾我弟弟。 【词块4】the sick是“the+形容词”短语,表示“病人”。该短语可以表示某一类型的人,也可以表示某一类型的事物。 the wounded伤员 the impossible 不可能做到的事 ( 特别关注 1. the+形容词表示性质或特征相同的人时具有复数意义,作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。 The rich are not always happier than the poor. 富人并不一定总比穷人幸福。 2. the+形容词表示抽象概念时具有单数意义,作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 The true always triumphs. 真理永远获胜。 ) 7.He invented special medical tools to use outside hospitals and close to the fighting areas so that doctors could treat the wounded more quickly. 【词块1】He invented special......fighting areas是主句。invent是及物动词,意为“发明”,指创造出原本不存在的事物。 Who invented the microscope? 谁发明了显微镜? ( 知识拓展 1.invention是可数名词,意为 “ 发明 ” 。它的首字母发元音[ ],其前面有不定冠词时要用an。 He has an invention.他有一项发明。 The spinning wheel is a Chinese invention.纺车是中国人的发明。 2.inventor是可数名词,意为 “ 发明者 ” 。 Edison is an excellent inventor.爱迪生是一位优秀的发明家。 ) 【词块2】to use outside......areas是动词不定式作后置定语修饰tools。 (1)tool是可数名词,意为“工具、器械”,其后的动词不定式和它之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 He looked into the box to see if the tool was there. 他朝箱子里看,看看工具是否在里面。 (2)outside hospitals and close to the fighting areas作地点状语。outside在此是介词,意为“在.....外面”,要接地点名词。close to表示“离......近、接近”,要接地点名词。 Please wait outside the door.请在门外等候。 The supermarket is close to our school.这座超市离我们学校近。 【难点】so that doctors......more quickly是so that引导的目的状语从句。so that意为“以便”,引导目的状语从句时必须放在主句之后。more quickly是副词quickly的比较级,意为“更快地”。 You have to carry a beeper so that they can call you at any time. 你必须随身带着寻呼机,以便他们随时呼你。 He runs more quickly than you.他比你跑得快。 知识回顾:以形容词+ly构成的副词变为比较级时要在其前面加上more。 slowly慢地 more slowly更慢地 carefully(仔细地) more carefully更仔细地 8.At that time,there were few doctors 【词块】at that time是介词短语,意为“当、那时”,可以与过去时连用。 I was not there at that time. 当时我并不在那里。 My father was cleaning his bedroom at that room. 我爸爸那时候正在打扫他的卧室。 知识拓展 at this time意为“这时”,与现在时连用。 You cannot see him at this time. 这个时候你不能见他。 9.so he had to work very hard on his own 【词块】句中用了on one’s own短语,表示“独自”。one’s要用形容词性物主代词,而且要和主语保持一致。它可以与by oneself/alone互换。 He lives on his own. =He lives alone/by himself.他自己生活。 知识拓展 of one’s own表示“(属于某人)自己的”。 I have no car of my own.我没有自己的车。 10. His experience of treating people in Spain was useful in China. 【词块1】experience of treating用的是“experience of doing sth”结构,表示“做某事的经验”。experience在此为不可数名词,意为“经验”。 Have you had any experience of teaching English? 你有过教英语的经验吗? She had no experience of life at all. 她毫无生活经验。 【词块2】useful是形容词,意为“有用的”,可以作表语或定语。它的首字母发辅音[ju:],修饰单数可数名词时用“a useful+名词”结构。 It is useful to learn to drive. 学会开车是很有用的。 A computer is a useful tool to get information. 电脑是获取信息的有用工具。 知识拓展 be useful可以与be of use互换。表示“对......有用”用be useful(of use) to sb/sth。 I think the training is useful to my future work. =I think the training is of use to my future work.这次训练对我将来的工作会很有用的。 This book is useful to me. =This book is of use to me.这本书对我有用。 11.so that they could learn about how he treated the sick 【词块】learn about是“不及物动词+介词”类型的短语,意为“了解”,常接表示“事物”的词作宾语,也可以接宾语从句。 Today the Internet is everywhere. It is easy for us to learn about the world. 如今互联网无处不在。我们很容易了解到世界的情况。 I want to learn about who has helped you.我想了解谁帮了你。 【难点】how he treated the sick是由疑问副词how引导的宾语从句,作介词about的宾语。how意为“如何、怎样”,引导宾语从句要用陈述语序,在从句中作方式状语。 — Do you know how Peter went to the party? 你知道彼得是如何去参加聚会的吗? — Yes, I do. He went by subway! 是的,我知道。他坐地铁去的! 12.Dr Bethune often worked very hard without resting or taking care of himself. 【词块1】without resting......himself是without引导的介词短语作伴随状语。without是介词,意为“没有”,接表示“人、事物”的词作宾语,接动词时要变为V-ing形式。它引导的短语可以作伴随状语和条件状语。 I enter the library without noticing her. 我走进图书馆,没有注意到她。(without noticing her作伴随状语) Without the sun, there would be no life on earth. 没有太阳,地球上就不会有生命。(without the sun作条件状语) 【词块2】himself是反身代词,意为“他自己”,作介词of的宾语。使用这种代词时: 1.构成方式 第一、二人称的反身代词是在相应的形容词性物主代词后面加-self或-selves。第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加-self或-selves。 myself我自己 ourselves我们自己 yourself你自己 yourselves你们自己 herself她自己 he—himself他自己 it—itself它自己 they—themselves他/她/它们自己 2.反身代词要和主语保持一致,可以作同位语和宾语。 (1)作同位语时紧跟在被修饰名词后面,或放在句末。 Mrs.Black herself is a teacher. 布莱克太太本人就是一名老师。 Don’t trouble to come over yourself. 你不必费神亲自来了。 (2)作及物动词或介词的宾语。 He makes no complaint for himself. 他没为自己抱怨什么。 The child can dress himself. 这孩子能自己穿衣服了。 13.managed to save over a hundred lives 【词块】句中用了manage to do sth结构,表示“设法做成某事”。manage接动词作宾语时动词必须变为动词不定式。它不仅表示努力去做,还强调事情做成了。 Can you manage to get me a passport? 你能设法给我弄一张护照吗? He managed to escape to South America. 他设法逃到了南美。 用法辨析 try to do sth和manage to do sth的区别 try to do sth表示“尽力做某事、竭力做某事”,强调努力去做某事,但不一定做成。 They try to prevent the river from being polluted, but the water is still smelly. 他们尽力阻止这条河被污染,但河水还是有气味。 14.he cut his finger during an operation,but he continued his work without treating it. 【词块1】operation是可数名词,意为“手术”。它的首字母发元音[ ],因此用不定冠词修饰它时要用an。 The doctor performed an operation yesterday. 昨天大夫进行了一例手术。 知识拓展:operate on是“不及物动词+介词”类型的短语,表示“给......做手术”,接表示“人、动物”的词作宾语。 He is going to operate on that man soon. 他马上要给那个男人做手术。 That man operated on the dog in the morning. 那个男人早上给这只狗做了手术。 【词块2】continue在此作及物动词,意为“继续”,可以接表示“事物”的词作宾语。 Let’s continue our work.我们继续工作吧。 知识归纳 1. continue to do sth表示“做完一件事再继续做别的事”。 After finishing reading Lesson Nine,I continue to read Lesson Ten. 读完第9课后,我继续读第10课。 2. continue doing sth表示“做一件事中断后再继续做这件事”。 After drinking some water,he continued reading Lesson Ten. 他喝了一些水后继续读第10课。 15.In the end,he died of his wound. 【词块1】in the end意为“最终”,可以与at last互换。 In the end/At last,they reached home before dark. 他们最终在黄昏前到达家了。 Cinderella got married to the Prince in the end/at last. 灰姑娘最终嫁给了王子。 【词块2】die of是动词短语,意为“死于”,侧重死于自身原因,比如疾病、衰老等等。 She died of cancer. 她死于癌症。 词语辨析 die from与die of表示“死于”的异同点 相同点:强调死因是环境影响到体内时,die of可以与die from互换。 That man died of/from starvation.那个男人死于饥饿。 不同点:die from还可以指死因是外部环境造成的,die of不可以。 He dies from an earthquake.他死于地震。 【词块3】wound在此作可数名词,意为“伤口”,通常指尖锐锋利的工具所致的伤口,多深及到表皮组织以下。 He had a bullet wound in his chest. 他胸部有枪伤。 16.and he is still remembered in both China and Canada. 【词块】both China and Canada是“both ... and ...”连接的短语,表示“两个都”。它连接两个并列成分,作主语、谓语、宾语、后置定语等成分。它作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。 Both my mother and my grandmother like watching TV at night. 我母亲和我外婆都喜欢晚上看电视。(Both my mother and my grandmother作主语) Tonight they both sing and dance. 今晚他们又唱歌又跳舞。(both sing and dance作谓语) I can speak both English and Japanese. 我能够说英语和日语。(both English and Japanese作can speak的宾语) The situation both at home and abroad is in our favour. 国内外形势对我们都有利。(both at home and abroad作后置定语修饰the situation) Unit 3 一.because表示“因为”,引导原因状语从句放在主句前后都可以,置于主句前面时要用逗号将其与主句隔开。 Because Lingling was ill, she didn’t come to school. 玲玲因病,没有上学。 ( 用法辨析:because、since、as 、 for都可以引导说明 “ 原因 ” 的句子,区别如下: 1. because 引导原因状语从句时 语气最强,指事情发生的直接原因。 Because he was ill, he was late for school.他生病了,所以迟到了。 2. since意为 “ 既然 ” ,引导原因状语从句时语气比 because弱 ,表示显然的理由。 Since you don't like the book , I' ll put it away.既然你不喜欢 这本书 ,我就把它放在一边。 3. as 意为 “ 鉴于 ” ,引导原因状语从句 时 语气比since弱 ,表示附带说明的双方已知的原因。 As there was no answer, I wrote again.鉴于没回复,我又写了一封信。 4. for作并列连词,意为 “ 因为 ” ,引导 并列句 ,语气最弱。 它 表示 “ 推断 ” 的理由, 要放在主句的后面。 He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能 看见 我, 因为我不在那里。 ) ( 知识拓展 because of的用法 because of是短语介词,意为 “ 因为 ” ,接表示 “ 人、事物 ” 的词作宾语,接动词时动词要变为V-ing形式。 2.because of引导的短语可以放在句首或句中作原因状语,放在句首时常用逗号将其与后面的内容隔开。它引导的短语有时也放在be动词后面作表语,主语通常是代词。 Because of his parents being there, I said nothing about it.因为他父母在场,我便没提及此事。 He arrives late because of the storm.由于暴风雨,他迟到了。 That was because of his sickness. 那是因为他生病的原因。 3. because引导的原因状语从句 可以 转换为 because of 引导的短语 。 I am very angry because you are late. = I am very angry because of your being late.我非常生气,因为你迟到了。 ) 二.so是并列连词,意为“所以”,连接表示“结果”的并列句。虽然中文的表达特点是“因为......所以......”,但because引导的原因状语从句不能和so连接的结果分句连用,两者只能选用一个。 Because I like the toy,I’ll buy it.因为我喜欢这个玩具,所以我要买它。 I like the toy, so I’ll buy it. 因为我喜欢这个玩具,所以我要买。 三.so that引导目的状语从句时必须放在主句的后面。 1.so that引导的从句是肯定句时,so that翻译为“以便”,从句谓语通常含有may、might、can、could、would等情态动词。 Say it louder so that everyone can hear you. 大声说,以便大家都能听到你。 2.so that引导的从句是否定句时,谓语常含有情态动词should,此时通常把 so that和从句中的否定词合在一起翻译为“以免”。 He looked down so that she should not see his eyes. 他朝下望着,以免她看到他的眼睛。 ( 知识拓展 1. so that和in order that引导目的状语从句时含义相同。in order that可以置于句首或句中,so that只能放在句中。置于句中时它们可以互换使用。 They flew there in order that /so that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony. 他们飞往那里以便能及时参加开幕典礼。 In order that you can get the job,you must prepare for the interview. 你必须为面试做准备以便得到这份工作。 2.so as to和in order to都表示 “ 为了、以便 ” ,其后要接动词原形构成目的状语,它们是动词不定式作目的状语的强调形式。so as to引导的短语只能放在句中,in order to引导的短语可以放在句首或句中。它们放在句中时可以互换使用。 He works very hard in order to/so as to be able to go to college.为了能够上大学,他非常刻苦。 In order to play the role in the movie,the actor has to gain weight. 为了扮演影片中的角色,那个演员不得不增加体重。 so that引导目的状语从句时,如果主从句的主语一致,该从句可以转换为 “ in order to/so as to+动词原形 ” 结构。 We will sit in the front so that we can hear better. = We will sit in the front in order to hear better. 我们要坐在前面,以便能听得更清楚。 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$