主题1 生活、学习与工作-【创新教程】2021-2025五年高考真题英语分类特训试卷

第二部分 闭读理解七选五 主题1生活、学习与工作 [直题题组·实战集训1] Passage1(2025全国一卷)） 粱 题材咖啡馆员工的工作日常与奉献精神 体裁记叙文词数311 建议用时9' 难度： An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morn- 数 ing?The College Cafe has just that,and more.36 Catherine Murphy,a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat, makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.37 As the cus- tomer grabs the drink from her hand.she smiles and says,"Hello,how is your day?"Even when the line is getting longer,she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 38 "I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.I know they need it in the morning," 都 Murphy said.Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is.She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious(有感染力)and can be the differ ence in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.Joanna Wright, a senior political science major,loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.39 "Catherine always has a huge smile on her face,which always puts me in a cheerful mood,"Wright said. "I enjoy working in the cafe,Murphy said.40 She has every intention of staying and con- 妇 tinuing doing what she loves. 相 A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B.She has two children aged eight and four. C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D.After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup. E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles. F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G.She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else. Passage2(2024北京卷) 题材 “刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式体裁说明文词数332建议用时10'难度： If you want to develop maximum credibility(可信性)，is it better to be a hedgehog(刺猬)ora fox?According to Isaiah Berlin,the hedgehog knows one thing very well,and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other?Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. 35 And they are usually very credible in doing so.According to Jim Hart,the "hedgehog con- cept"is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness.They focus on one thing and do it really well.They figure out what they are good at.36 The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. 81 37 Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen.He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes,but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources,and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information.38 They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking.They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don't know. So,which is better?The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style.39 The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off.The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A.In other words.there are clear advantages for each. B.They are more likely to remember people's mistakes. C.Hence,they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D.But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E.However,hedgehogs remain open to others'reactions and inputs. F.When something is contradictory to their view,they don't treat it as exceptional. G.They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. Passage3(2024浙江1月卷) 题材 在线学习 体裁议论文 词数 252建议用时9'难度：l In the past few years,online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.36 But are all online courses created equal?How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you?37 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online cour- ses. The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.38 "I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,says graduate student Amanda Bindman.Before choosing to study online,consider whether you're a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple:build online courses into your weekly schedule,just like what you would do with in-person courses.39 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades.It is so easy to let an online course slide,but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures,read materials and contribute to online discus- sion boards. 40 A social connection is often a big part of learning.There are things you can do to ease this problem.Jessica Pink,an undergraduate student,suggests taking online courses with a friend,so you can motivate each other to stay on track.You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group,or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course con- cepts. A.But that doesn't mean there aren't deadlines. B.Your motivation should be your main concern. C.Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F.If you take an online course,what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G.A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 82 [真题题组·实战集训2] Passage4(2024全国甲卷) 题材 适度饮食 体裁 说明文 词数 250 建议用时 9'难度： What is moderation ()Basically,it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal,but not too full.36 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time.It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.37 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food,so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible.Eating alone,especially in front of the TV or computer,of- ten leads to mindless overeating.And be careful about the foods you keep at hand.It's more challeng- ing to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready,like cookies.38 Control emotional(eating.39 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness,loneliness,or boredom.But by learning healthier ways to manage emo- tions,you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. 40 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism(新陈代谢)，while eating small,healthy meals keeps your energy up all day.Avoid eating late at night.Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning.Studies suggest that eating only when you're most ac- tive and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A.Eat properly throughout the day. B.We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C.Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D.Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E.Instead,surround yourself with healthy choices. F.For many of us,moderation means eating less than we do now. G.That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. Passage5(2023全国甲卷) 题材 如何成为更有耐心的人 体裁 说明文 词数 297 建议用时9' 难度：，ll 44444444444444444 44444 44444444444444444444444444444 Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person Here's a riddle:What do traffic jams,long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common?There's one answer:36. In the Digital Age,we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However,research suggests that if we practiced patience,we'd be a whole lot better off.Here are sev- eral tricks. ●Practice gratitude(感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits:Research shows it makes us happier,less stressed and even more optimistic.37 ."Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,"said Ye Li,researcher at the University of California. 83 ●Make yourself wait Instant gratification()may seem like the most "feel good"option at the time,but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run.And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.38 Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.You'll soon find that the more patience you practice,the more you start to apply it to other,more annoying situations. ●39 So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate,and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone,we get impatient about the circumstances.You should learn to say to yourself,40 You'll then gradually become more patient. A.Find your causes B.Start with small tasks C.Accept the uncomfortable D.All this adds up to a state of hurry E.It can also help us practice more patience F.This is merely uncomfortable,not intolerable G.They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience Passage6(2023新课标1卷) 题材 如何自我宽恕 体裁 说明文 词数 321 建议用时 9' 难度：，dl Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step,but don't beat yourself up about them.To err()is human.36 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper,put the heading"Personal strengths".37 Are you caring? Creative?Generous?A good listener?Fun to be around?They don't have to be world-changing,just aspects of your personality that you're proud of. At the top of a second page,put the heading "Aets of kindness".On this one,list all the positive things you've done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked,or when you baked cookies after the family had had a 紫 tiring day.38 You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.39 That way,you could ex- change thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact,don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this-it's a great way to boost self- confidence at any time. lt's something of a cliche(陈词滥调)that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is,it's true.40 We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D.It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E.It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it. F.Whatever it is.no matter how small it might seem,write it down. G.Whatever the mistake,remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality. 84 [育题题组·实战集训3] Passage7(2023新课标Ⅱ卷) 题材 开启艺术之旅的好建议 体裁 说明文 词数 310 建议用时g'难度：l As an artist who shares her journey on social media,I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.Unfortunately,there is no magic list I can offer.I do remember,though,what it was like to be a complete beginner.So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey. ·Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook(素描本)for small studies.These small studies pro 粱 vide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.36 You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come. Paint often and paint from life.There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush 数 miles.Whether you paint still lifes,portraits,or landscapes,paint from life as much as possible.37 Continually challenge yourself to try something new.38 Artistic growth can be a bit pain- ful.Welcome to the club;we've all been there.I love taking on challenges.I once took up a chal- lenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. ·39 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback()is crucial to growth.I post my 中性 work on social media and,in turn,have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected,no matter my level of artistic ability. 划 桶 The journey you're on won't follow a straight path.40 Push through,give it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A.Get out of your comfort zone. B.Make career plans and set goals. C.Don't throw away your beginner art. D.Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E.You'll hit roadblocks,and you'll feel discouraged at times. 妇 F.Evaluate your performance and,if needed,redefine your role. G.You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 阳 Passage8(2023北京卷) 题材 如何选择大学 体裁说明文词数289 建议用时10'正确率 5 It's a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college.Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.35 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education,they're often surprised that teaching ex- cellence is not counted in rankings.36 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities,on average,scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.37 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings,however,are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher educa- tion.Administrators often don't view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment or funding.38 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching,the lower their salary.What is the result?Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures,which lead to lower success rates. 85 39 Nevertheless,not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources,higher rankings and increased enrolments.In the long term,universities,or- ganisations that rank schools,and others should work to make teaching a valued,core part of the mission. What should students and their families do?They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued,even though the schools may be ranked lower. A.Higher education has achieved its true potential. B.Therefore,it's not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C.Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D.However,the rankings ignore a critical factor:the quality of teaching. E.Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F.They're even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G.In fact.universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. Passage9(2023浙江卷) 题材 乘火车旅行 体裁说明文词数 316 建议用时12.5'正确率5 With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever,why not book your next domestic vacation on a train?Compared to other alternatives,it's comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible. Plan ahead.Most long-distance trains,especially the sleeping car accommodations.sell out very quickly.1 But no matter when you travel,it's a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. Use a travel agent.Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him doub- le-check all the details,make suggestions,and then handle the actual reservations.A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets.2 Then you won't have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals. Bring a blanket.When you're riding on trains,you won't be provided with a blanket for free,even if your trip is an overnight one.3 In the summer in particular,the air conditioning can make them quite cold. Arrive early.Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week,so miss- ing yours can be a disaster.4 Note:The times listed on the schedules are departure times,not ar- rival times. Have fun.5 Read a book,knit,do a crossword puzzle,or simply watch the world unfold outside the window.To calculate your speed as you do.divide 3.600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile (the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile,you're going 67.92 mph. A.Train trips aren't for impatient types. B.You'll have views from both sides of the train. C.The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D.That's particularly true during busy summer months. E.You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one. F.Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom. G.He may also book you in a sleeping car that's right next to the diner. 86 [育题题组·实战集训4] Passage10(2022新高考Ⅱ卷) 题材 写文章的技巧 体裁 说明文词数 228建议用时9' 难度：山 Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people.However,the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. 16 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay,put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.Stay loose and free. 17 Don't worry about grammar or spelling.Even though this technique won't work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on. The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.18 Yet,by learning to live with imperfection,you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled()paper.Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle-as part of an exploration,not as a complete highway. The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced(三倍行距)copy to allow space for revi- sion.19 As a result,these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks()of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore,you can enter your changes into your word processor.20 The resulting blank space invites you to revise. A.Make sure your handwriting is neat. B.Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C.The second draft of the essay should be better. D.First of all,learn the technique of nonstop writing. E.Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F.Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise. G.Then you can print out a fresh draft,again setting your text on triple-space. Passage11(2022浙江卷) 题材 如何充分利用时间 体裁说明文 词数 314建议用时10'难度：川 I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do,but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day,and still feel happy and relaxed.1 Pick the most important. 2 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.I chose the life of an adviser be- cause I like to work with companies,but don't want the life of a big company CEO.My choices are based on the lifestyle I want. Combine your activities. Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends,family,work,play, etc.3 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.Build your social life around people in your work environment.Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (around the people and activities you love. 87 4 You would think learning takes more time from you,but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks,freeing you up for the most important.Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. ·Lighten up. The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone.Cele- brate progress and keep refining()toward a happy productive existence.5 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way. A.Speed up. B.Be an active learner. C.Stop trying to balance time between them all. D.Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. E.The things you do well usually give you greater joy. F.Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time. G.This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook. Passage12(2021全国乙卷) 44444444444 44+444+4444 4444444444444444+4444444444444 44444444444 宴会上如何使自己变得 题材 体裁 说明文 词数 250 建议用时 7' 有趣、避免尴尬的做法 难度： According to Jessica Hagy,author of How to Be Interesting,it's not difficult to make yourself in- teresting at a dinner party. 36 if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous,trying different foods and talking to strangers. People love to talk about themselves.If you can start the conversation with a question other than "What do you do for a living?",you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whom- ever it is you're talking to.37,it can bring in "I have this old,broken-down vehicle"or"I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back".It just opens up conversa- tion. 38 If you can't take their wine away.you should certainly try to take away their soapbox 笨 ()If you're the host,you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just re- move them from the situation.39. And what about that other dinner-party killer:awkward silence?If you're faced with an awk- ward silence at a dinner party,the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment().40 Just quickly turn around and say."This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it. So being interesting at a dinner party isn't that hard. A.How do you know the host B.The first step is to go exploring C.If you ask the question "How did you get here?" D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking G.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 88 [育题题组·实战集训5] Passage13(2021新高考I卷》 题材 在巴黎居住的感受 体裁记叙文 词数 262 建议用时7'难度： My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway. The place wasn't entirely authentic,though.Unlike a normal Parisian apartment,the plumbing (worked.37 Our building even had a 粱 tiny lift with a female voice that said,"Ouverture des portes,in perfect French.That is the only French phrase I mastered,and it's a shame I don't have much use for it. Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this 数 paper a couple of weeks ago,they eat great food and never gain weight.38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead,they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. 39 On our first morning in Paris,I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost 18! In France,quality of life is much more important than efficiency().You can tell this by cafe 中性 life.French cafes are always crowded.40 When do these people work?The French take their 35- 是桶 hour workweek seriously-so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call. A.Not all the customers are tourists. B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. 妇 E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians. 相 G.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy. Passage14(2021新高考Ⅱ卷) 题材 提高阅读速度的建议 体裁说明文词数 314建议用时12.5'难度：l If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine,the speed at which you read probably does not matter very much.But if you have to read a great deal for study,you will appreciate the ben- efits of being able to read more quickly.36 Before you open the book,make sure that you are comfortable.You need a seat which sup- ports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes.37 38 Look at the table of contents,the preface,the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it.Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run. If you decide that you need to read the whole book,decide how much you can read at a time. 39 A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one deal- ing with scientific subjects.In the former case you may be able to read a chapter.In the latter you may only be able to read one page. 89 Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.40 Note also the facts important for your pur- pose as well as anything which leads you to further research.You don't have to write these things in detail.It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder. A.Stop to have a rest now and then. B.Spend a few minutes looking through the book. C.This depends on the type of book you are reading. D.Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed. E.Make a note of any page which is of special importance. F.You may find yourself having to learn something by heart. G.Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy. Passage15(2021北京卷) 题材 听音乐的好处 体裁说明文 词数 240建议用时10难度： Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people.35 The mental health benefits from music can't be argued.Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes. 36 However,for the same reason,music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.By distracting (the mind from the pain,music,people say,can lower stress and anxiety levels.This,of course, can lead to less pain. Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.37 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed,the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly, according to researchers,listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels,through the lowering of stress and anxiety. When it comes to heart health,there is speculation()that it's not the style of music,but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health.In one European study,participants lis- tened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure.38 On the other hand,when the music slowed,the participants'stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit. 39 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be benefi- cial for,which is what makes music so valuable. A.This feeling can also result in many other health problems. B.Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud. C.This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing. D.They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep. E.The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive. F.It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety. G.Interestingly,the more cheerful the music was,the faster their heart rates were. 90最新真题分类特训·英语， 30.D推理判断题。考查考生推理判断的能力。根据最 第二部分 阅读理解七选五 后-段的“Since1934,better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million 主题1 生活、学习与工作 acres of habitat..”可推知，l93l年通过的这项法令增加了 Passage 1 政府的收入，让政府有线去保护湿地。 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖 31.A标题选择题。考查考生对文章主旨的概括理解能 啡馆工作人员凯悲琳·墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑 力。本文第一段通过对水禽生存危机的描迷引出第二 为学生带来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人 段的话题-一Federal Duck Stamp(联邦鸭票)，并对其 之处 具体细节和作用进行了介绍。由此可知，本文的中心 36.E报据上文“Need a break between classes or just a 话题是Federal Duck Stamp. quick pick-me-up in the morning?The College Cafe has 3.灾害防范 just that,and more..(课间需要休息或早上快连提神？ Passage 大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多。)”可知，开篇引出咖 [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年 啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E选项 9月？日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰電袭击了卡尔加里 "Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles.(这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑。)” 的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯 塔省冰雹抑制项目上花赏约200万美元。飞机在威胁人们 通过“Not only.,lso.."结构，既承接“drinks'”,又引 出下文核心一墨菲的微笑服务，符合语境 安全的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危 险的冰電之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的 37.D根据上文“She goes back and forth between ma- 农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝黄的水分正被 chines to make the drinks.(她在机器之间来回制作饮 品。)”及下文“As the customer grabs the drink from her 人工降雨从他们千渴的土地上偷走」 28.B细节理解题.根据第一段中“As a result,since hand,she smiles and says,'Hello,how is your day?' Even when the line is getting longer,she doesn't let it 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression get in the way of her genuine conversations.(当顾客从 她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说：·你好，今天过得怎么 Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a 样？’即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到她真诚 chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before 的交流。)”可推知，设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节 they can grow into dangerous hailstones..(此，自1996 D选项“After finishing an order,she calls out the name 年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目 上花费约200万美元。飞机在成胁人们安全的风暴中 on the cup.(完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字。)” 中的“finishing an order'”衔接“make the drinks'”,“calls 心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰品在变成危险的冰雹 out the name”引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成“制作一叫 之前像雨一样落下。)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰 号一交付”的完整流程 宽的形成。 29.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-cen 38.C根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. tral Alberta-downwind of the hail project flights-wor (墨菲每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上 ry that precious moisture(水分）is being stolen from 班。)”及下文"I do so because I like to make coffee for their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔 the students,(我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖 省中东部的农民们担心，·冰雹计划’飞行的下风处，宝 啡。)”可推知，设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。 贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们千渴的土地上偷走。)” C选项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the 可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目 students early..(有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服 30.C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about 务。)”中的“arrives early”补充了“准时上班"之外的主 the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell,a research 动性，"serve the students early”呼应“like to make cof- scientist who just retired from the University of Okla fee【or the students'”,展现其敬业精神 homa.'In 1999.I personally saw significant tornadoes 39.F根据上文“Joanna Wright,a senior political science (龙卷风)form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,' major,loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days Dr.Doswell says.'Does cloud seeding create killer a week..(乔安娜·赖特是政治学专业的大四学生，她热 storms or reduce moisture downwind?No one really 爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天。)”及下文“Cath knows,of course,but the seeding goes on.'(查克·多 erine always has a huge smile on her face,which always 斯书尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学 puts me in a cheerful mood,’Wright said..(镜特说'凯 家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。·1999年，我 瑟琳总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情渝快。’)”可推知， 在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由于在风暴中心播撒而形成的 设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F选项“Goig 重大龙卷风，’多斯韦尔博士说。·人工降雨会制造致 to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for 命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知 class.(去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做 道，但是播撤还在继续。)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到 好准备.)”中的“starts her day off good"解释了“每周去 他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带 六天”的动机，且“cheerful mood”与墨菲的微笑服务形 来的危险 成因果关系。 31.D推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of 4o.G根据下文“She has every intention of staying and doubt,Mr.Stienwand suggests,'it would be wise to continuing doing what she loves..(她完全打算留下来， stop cloud seeding.'In practice,doubt has had the op- 继续做自己喜欢的事。)”可非知，设空处需体现她对工 posite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concern- 作的长期投入。G选项“She has served here for17 ing their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a years and can't imagine working anywhere else,.(w她已经 lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence,private 在这里服务了17年，无法想象在其他地方工作。)”中的 climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. “17 years'”凸星服务年限之长，“can't imagine working (考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，·停止人工降雨是 anywhere else”强化对咖啡馆的情感联结，与“staying 明智的。’在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺 形成直接呼应。 乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人 Passage 2 工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺 合法的安全条件下进行。)”可推知，从最后一段我们能 猬”型思维方式和“孤狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和 推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。 企业建立信誉度的优劣势。 详解详析 35.G根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes..” same course in person and online.(Alex Davidson 可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人领向于给出肯定的 亲自授课和在线授课。)”能引起下文，下文中的He指 答案，G项中They指代上文中的Hedgehog,G项“他 代D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，将合题意。 们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立 40.E由下文“A social connection is often a big part of 场。”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确的立 learning.There are things you can do to ease this prob- 场，承接上文，符合语境。 lem.Jessica Pink,an undergraduate student,suggests 36.C根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really taking online courses with a friend,so you can motivate wel.They figure out what they are good at."可知，拥 each other to stay on track.You can also find students 有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优，点，他们可以专注于 on the class discussion board to organize a study group. 一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势 or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to 是（头脑）清楚和自信。”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思雏 discuss course concepts..(社会关系通常是学习的重要 方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境 组成部分。你可以做一些事情来媛解这个问题。本科 37.D根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not on 生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样 ly wrong more often than loxes,but that they are less 你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨 likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when e- 论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授 vents do not match their predictions..”可知，此处介绍拥 面对面的会议，讨论课程概念。)”可知，本空要说跟“人 有“刺猬”型思雏方式的人的缺，点。D项“但是，把注意 们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief com 力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面。”引出下 plaint about online courses is that they lack human in- 文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，特合 teraction,(对在线深程的主要抱怨是它们块乏人与人 语境 之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。 38.F根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that Passage 4 they are more likely to seek out new information from a 语篇解读]本文介绍适度饮食，体现了主题语境中的人 broader range of sources,and are comfortable with un- 与自我。 certainty and new information..”和下文“They try to in- 36.F前文提到，适度饮食意味着只吃身体需要的食物， clude it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from 餐后感觉满足但不过量。选项F“对我们大多数人来 their thinking,”可知，此处介绍拥有“孤狸”型思维方式 说，适度意味着比现在吃得少。”进一步解释了适度饮 的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相 食的含义，符合语境 矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外。”承上启下，符合 37.C前文提到，吃饭时要慢下来，并把食物看作是营养 语境 而不仅仅是填饱肚子的东西。选项C“不要在去工作的 39.A根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy 路上吞下饭。”提醒人们不要匆忙吃饭，符合语境. hedgehog style,"和下文“The choice between being a 38.E前文提到，在电脑或电视前独自进食容易导致无意 hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off."可知，拥有“刺 识的暴饮暴食，建议谨镇选择随手可得的食物。选项E 猬”型思雏方式的人和拥有“孤狸”型思雏方式的人各 “相反，要让自己周围都是健康的选择。”提供了一个具 有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势。”承 体的建议，帮助避免暴饮暴食，符合语境 上启下，符合语境 39.B前文提到，情绪进食需要控制。选项B“我们并不总 Passage 3 是为了满足饥饿而吃。”解释了为什么人们会进行情绪 [语篇解读]这是一篇议论文。本文探讨了在线学习在 进食，符合语境。 高等教育中的重要性，分析了其优势和面临的挑战，并提 40.A前文提到，通过学习更健康的情绪管理方法，可以 出了有效管理在线学习的建议。 控制饮食和情绪。选项A“一天中要合理饮食。”提供了 36.G由上文“In the past few years,online learning has 合理饮食的建议，与下文内容紧密衔接，进一步说明了 become a significant part of the university and college 健康饮食的重要性，待合语境。 experience,(在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生 Passage 5 活的重要组成部分。)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要 [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐 本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项 心的一些方法 "A survey found that 29 percent of college students regis- 36.G根据上文“Here's a riddle:What do traffic jams, tered for online courses..(一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册 long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in 了在线课程。)”能承接上文，符合题意。 common?There's one answer:这里有一个问题：交通堵 37.F由上文“But are all online courses created equal? 塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只 How can you be sure that digital learning is right for 有一个”可知，本句说明上文问题的答案，结合“交通塔 y0u?(但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确 塞，排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故 定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑 G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点颜外的耐心” 问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If you take an 符合语境。 online course,what can you do to ensure the best possi- 37.E根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits:Re ble grade?(如果你参加了在线课程，你能微些什么来 search shows it makes us happier,less stressed and 确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，持合题盘。 even more optimistic..感思有很多好处：研究表明，感思 38.A由上文“The most obvious advantage of online 让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观。”以及后文 learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. ".Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,'said (在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习。)”可 Ye Li,researcher at the University of California. 知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学可，本 大学的研究员叶丽说：·表达感激可以培养自我控制能 空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that 力。”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继 doesn'tmean there aren't deadlines,(但这并不意味着 续说明感思的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐 没有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一 心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness.。故E选项“它 句话，符合题意。 还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境。 39.D由下文“He noted that his online students usually 38.B根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the end up with lower grades,.(他指出，他的在线学生最终 habit of waiting is to practice,.我们养成等待习慣的唯 的成货道常较低。)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关 一方法就是练习.”以及后文“Put off watching your fa- 的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the vorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes 最新真题分类特训·英语 before going for that cake.把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周 同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。”可知，空处提到了某 末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕。”可知，后文列举 种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。 的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待， 选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the 故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境。 exercise,.他们甚至可能想试着练习一下。”符合语境，C 39.C根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that 项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or fami- being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate.and ly member to help add to your list,你可以让朋友或家 when we experience something outside of our comfort 人都你增加你的列表内容。”中的“a friend or family zone,we get impatient about the circumstances. nember'”保特一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact,don't 中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能客忍的状态，当 wait until you've made a mistake to try this-it's a great 我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐 way to boost self-confidence at any time.事实上，不要 心”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态， 等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个一这是一个在任何时 结合前文的小标题都是新使句可知，本段的主旨与接 候都能增强自信的好方法。”中的“this”一致。 受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文com 40.G根据空前内容“1t's something of a cliche(陈词溢 fortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境。 that most people learn not from their successes but 40.F根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself你应 their mistakes.The thing is,it's true.大多数人不是从 该学会对自己说…”以及后文“You'llt小hen gradually 他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈 become more patient,.然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心，”结 词滥调。但事实是，这是真的.”可知，作者认为人是从 合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句与对自 错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake,remember 己所说的话和接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不 it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality,不管你犯了什 舒服，而不是无法忍受”将合语境 么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。”符合语境 Passage 6 G项中的“isn't a fixed aspect of your personality”和空 「语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自 后内容“We're all changing and learning all the time and 我宽怒，通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学 mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.- 会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。 直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方 36.D极据空前内客“Taking responsibility for mistakes is 式。”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一 a positive step,but don't beat yourself up about them. 面，我们是通过错误来成长。 To err(犯错)is human.为错送承担责任是积极的一 Passage 7 步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。”可知，作者认为 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些开始 人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此 艺术之旅的好建议。 而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the【ollowing 36.C根据前文“Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook writing exercise to help you do this.你可以使用下面的 (素描本)for small studies..These small studies provide 写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。”中的“do this”以及下 inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex 文内容可推断，空处内容应该和“不要太自青”相似。 works in the future..从小开始。我建议使用一个素描 选项D“lt's just as important to show yourself some 本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可 forgiveness.宽忽自己也同样重要。”与“不要太自责”语 以提供灵感，并成为来来更复杂的作品的跳板。”以及 意相近，起承上启下的作用。 后文“You'll want to look back on your journey to see 37.B根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, how far you've come.你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之 put the heading 'Personal strengths'.在日记或纸上写 旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步。”可知，空处应是一个 上·个人优，点'，”以及空后内容“Are you caring?Crea 过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学 tive?Generous?A good listener?Fun to be around? 习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don't They don't have to be world-changing.just aspects of throw away your beginner art.不要扔掉你的初学时的 your personality that you're proud of..你有爱心吗？有 艺术作品。”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系」 创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很 37,G:分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文 有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中有让你感 "Paint often and paint from life.There's no better way 到自豪的方面就行。”可知，空处指的是列出你个性中的一 to improve than to put in those brush miles.Whether 些优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like you paint still lifes,portraits,or landscapes,paint about yourse.现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。 [rom life as much as possible.经常作画，且从生活中作 承上启下，下文内客具体解择哪些是优点。 画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了 38.F根据上文内容“At the top of a second page,put the 无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真 heading 'Acts of kindness'.On this one,list all the 实生活中去观察和绘制。”可知，本段主要讲迷不斯练 positive things you've done for others.It might be the 习绘画，所以G项“You'll develop that painting muscle time when you helped a friend with their homework. memory that only comes with repetition.你会逐新形成 when you did the ironing without being asked,or when 只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画自动记忆。”是对前 you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 文的总结。 在第二页的顶部，写上‘善举·的标题。在这张单子上， 38.A分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句 到出你为别人微过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你 的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continually 帮助朋友做作业的时侯，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣 challenge yourself to try something new,不断挑战自 服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时 己，尝试新事物，”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit 候。”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好 painful.艺术的成长可能会有，点痛苦。”可知，A项“Get 事。选项F“Whatever it is,no matter how small it might out of your comfort zone.走出你的舒适区。”是对前句 sccm,write it down.不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都 的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。 要把它写下来。”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的 39.D分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文 事情有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来， “Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反續)is 39.C根据空后内客“That way,.you could exchange crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and. thoughts on what makes each of you special and the as- in turn,have met some of the kindest people.They pects of your personality that shine through.这样，你们 make me feel valued and respected.no matter my level 就可以交换意见，谈演是什么让你们每个人都与众不 of artistic ability..寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你 详解详析 的成长非常重要。我在社交蝶体上发布我的作品，并 38.B根据空前内容“Rankings,however,are only one 因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如 reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher 何，他们都让我感受到了重视和尊重。”可知，本段主要 education.Administrators often don't view teaching ex- 讲述了是分亭自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work cellence as a way to increase enrolment (or fun- if you feel comfortable doing so.如果你感凳舒适的话， dig.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低 分享你的作品：”符合文意，是本段的中心句 的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加 40.E分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句 入学率或资金的一种方式，)”可知，上文分析了教学不 的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The jour 被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B ney you're on won't follow a straight path.你的旅程不 "Therefore,it's not highly valued in hiring or promo- 会是一条笔直的道路。”以及后文“Push through,give tion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内 it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the re- 容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为 wards of an artistic life..竖持下去，给它时间，付出努 增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘 力。你将收获艺术生活的回报。”可知，E项“You'll hit 和普升中不受重视。 roadblocks,and you'll feel discouraged at times. 39.C根据下文内容“Nevertheless,not much will change 遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁。”是对前句的进一步说 until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded 明，和后文构成顺承关系。 with more resources,higher rankings and increased en- Passage 8 rolments.In the long term.universities,organisations [语篇解读】]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择 that rank schools,and others should work to make 高校提供了一些建议。 teaching a valued,.core part of the mission.(尽管知此， 35,D根据空前内客“It's a joyful and stressful time of 在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高捧名和 year in the United States for students and their families 增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大 as they make decisions about where to attend college. 学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使 Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a 命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，作者认为想要强 decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一 调数学质量还需要更多努力。根据“Nevertheless”可 年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上 知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项C“Qul 大学，家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可 ity teaching has been an important reputation-building 知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常 [actor.(高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。)” 求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging re 强调了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出 search suggests that courses in lower-ranked universi- 了高质量教学的难处。 ties,on average,scored higher on teaching than courses Passage 9 in higher-ranked universities..(最新的研究表明，排名 语篇解读]文章主要就如何使乘火车旅行尽可能谕快 较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较 提供了一些建议。 高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名 l.D根据上文“Plan ahead..Most long-distance trains,.es 方面出现的问题。选项D"However,the rankings ig pecially the sleeping car accommodations,sell out very nore a critical factor:the quality of teaching.(然而，排 quickly.”可知，提前计划。大多数长途火车（票），尤其 名忽略了一个关健因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容， 是卧铺（票），很快就会卖光；根据下文“But no matter 指出大学排名存在的问题：而根据下文内容也可以推 when you travel,it's a good idea to make your reserva- 断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。 tions at least90 days in advance.”可知，但无论你什么时 36.F根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar 候去旅行，至少提前90天预订都是一个好主意。D项 of higher education.they're often surprised that teach- “在繁忙的夏季尤其如此”承上启下，符合语境。 ing excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研 2.G根据上文“Use a travel agent..”和“A good one can 究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常 sometimes find you discounted tickets.”可知，一个好的 惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可 旅行社有时可以帮你我到打折的票：根据下文“Then 知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被钠入排名让 you won't have to walk through several cars on a moving 人们觉得很惊讶。选项F"They're even more surprised train three times a day for your meals.”可知，这样你就 at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他 不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过好几节 们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文 车厢了。G项“他可能还会给你预订正好在餐车旁边的 内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more 卧铺车厢”承上启下，符合语境。 surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致 3.C根据上文“When you're riding on trains,you won'tbe 37.G空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses provided with a blanket for free,even if your trip is an in lower-ranked universities,on average,scored higher overnight one.”可知，当你乘坐火车时，即使你的旅行是 on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 过夜的，你（也）不会免费获得一条毯子：根据下文“In (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面 the summer in particular,the air conditioning can make 的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后 them quite cold..”可知，尤其是在夏天，空调会让它们（车 内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rank 厢里)很冷。C项“列车上的温度通常难以控制”承上启 ings is surprising given the link between high-quality 下，符合语境 teaching and student success.Quality teaching is one of 4.E根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and the most important predictors of a wide range of college some run only three times a week,so missing yours can outcomes,(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系， be a disaster,”可知，大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火 排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学 车一周只开三趟，所以错过你（要乘坐）的火车可能是 成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没 场灾难；根据下文“Note:The times listed on the sched- 有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact,.universities often shift ules are departure times,not arrival times.”可知，注意： emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 时刻表上列出的时间是出发时间，不是到达时间。E项 上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。) “你可能不得不等超过24小时才能赶上下一班（火车）” 与上下文内容相一致。 承上启下，符合语境。 最新真题分类特训·英语 5.A根据下文“Read a book,knit,do a crossword puzzle, 是输入到你的文宇处理器后的微法，其中的“triple or simply watch the world unfold outside the window.To space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因 calculate your speed as you do,divide 3,600(the number 此G选项承上启下，符合语境 of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes Passage 11 you to travel one mile (the distance between two mile- 语篇解读]文章主要介绍了如何充分利用时间。 D0sts).”可知，读一本书、织毛衣、做个填字游戏，或者只 l.F根据上文“I have the same24 hours in a day as you 是看看窗外的世界。要计算你的速度，用3600（一小时 do,but I have made specific choices that allow me to 的秒数)除以你走一英里（两个站点之间的距离）所花费 make the most of every day,and still feel happy and re- 的秒数。A项“火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人”引出下 laxd.”可知，“我”和你一样，一天有同样的24小时，但 文，符合语境 “我”做出了明确的选择，让“我”充分利用每一天并仍然 L长难句分析]When you're riding on trains,you won'tbe 感到快乐和放松：根据下文小标题可知，下文就如何充 provided with a blanket for free,even if your trip is an 分利用每一天给出了儿点建议。F项“也许这些建议会 overnight one.(第四段第二句) 帮助你充分利用你的时问”承上启下，符合语境。 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。1 When引导时间状语从 2.D根据本段小标题“Pick the most important.”可知，选 句：even if引导让步状语从句。 择最重要的（事情）：根据下文“Focus on spending time 译文：当你乘坐火车时，即使你的旅行是过夜的，你（也） hat for you is fun and productive.”可知，把时间集中花 不会免费获得一条毯子。 费在那些对你来说有趣且富有成效的事情上。D项“选 Passage 10 择你生活中有意义的事情”承上启下，符合语境。 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的 3.C根据上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out 技巧。 how to spend time with friends,family,work.play,ete. 16.D空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are 可知，许多人执著于想要弄清楚如何在朋友、家庭、工作 first trying to think of ideas for an essay,put your pen 和娱乐等方面花费时间；根据下文“Find ways to enjoy to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen mi- them in a combined manner.”可知，找到以一种结合的方 nutes without letting your pen leave the paper..(当你第 式来享受它们的方法。C项“不要试图平衡在它们之间 一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间斯地写 各自（花费）的时间”承上启下，符合语境。 10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的 4.B此处是本段的小标题。根据下文“You would think 是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all,learn the learning takes more time from you,but actually there are technique of nonstop writing.(首先，学习不间断写作的 always new ways of doing things that can save you time 技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句。 on daily tasks,freeing you up for the most important.Al- 17.B空前说“Stay loose and free,.(保持宽松和自由，)” ways be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here 空后说“Don't worry about grammar or spelling,(不要 or there,”可知，你会认为学习会花费你更多的时间，但 担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写， 实际上总有一些做事情的新方法可以让你在日常事务 自由发挥，B选项"Let your pen follow the waves of 上节省时间，让你腾出时间去微最重要的事情。总是寻 thought,(让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己 找在不同扬合赚回一个小时的新方法。B项“做一个活 的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境 跃的学习者”符合语境，适合做本段的小标题。 l8.E空前说“The next technique is to write your draft 5.G极据上文“Celebrate progress and keep refining to rapidly without worrying about being perfect..(下一个 ward a happy productive existence..”可知，庆祝进步并不 技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美，)”，空后说 断改进，以获得快乐而富有成效的生活：根据下文“Every "Yet,by learning to live with imperfection,you will completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way." save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of 可知，每一次完成都是一次聚沙成塔的小胜利。G项 crumpled(弄皱)paper.(然而，通过学习与不完美共 “这就是列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”承 存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸 上启下，符合语境 萎，)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts Passage 12 right the first time,(太多的作家试图在第一次就把草 「语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在宴会上如 稿写好。)"中的“get their drafts"和上文的“write your 何使自己变得有趣、避免越尬和沉默的一些具体微法，如 daft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不 积极地提出问题，赘美主人等。 合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启 下，符合语境。 a小entuni l9.F空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a The fint step exringiry di fud [Lwlr以wY triple-spaced(三倍行距)copy to allow space for revi- sion.(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修 改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don't art thn canrryealimn with a cvratio How to he leave enough space to revise.(许多初来乍到的作者没 intereating at dinne 有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revi 性 U%erk好t3u财A sion”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的 ak the to halp yn in the kilaher ,m “Many beginning writers"和后文的“these writers'"相互 然agmp网 呼应，因此F选项承上启下，特合语境。 20.G空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is nmhgdaslhmmehrhnlumrpinml too messy to work from anymore.you can enter your 36.B结合空格后面的“if you're out of your comfort zone changes into your word processor..(当你修改你的草稿， or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the 直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修孜 first time.So the main thing is just to show up and be 输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting adventurous,trying different foods and talking to stran- blank space invites you to revise.(由此产生的空白允许 gers.”可知，如果你高开了你的舒适区，或者如果你第 你修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应孩 一次走进别人的房子。所以，最主要的就是现身，勇于 做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, 冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈。其中adventur again setting your text on triple-space..(然后你可以打 ous,trying different foods和talking to strangers这几 印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的 个信息与B项中的exploring“探索”内涵一致。 详解详析 37.C空格后面的“it can bring in‘I have this old,broken- 40.A推理判断题。通过代词解题。根据设空处前后文 down vehicle'or'I rode the bus with these crazy people “always crowded”可知，咖啡店总是人满为患，而后文 who were laughing at silly jokes in the back'.”中提到 提到的“these people work”可知，需要工作的应该是当 的vehicle和bus都是属于交通工具，强调出行的方式， 地人。由此可推知设空处应提到人，后文才能用 与C项“你是怎么来的？”相呼应。 “these”这个代词，故选A项，“Not all the customers are 38.F空格后面的“If you can't take their wine away,you touris1s”即表示有一些当地人也在咖嵴馆里。 should certainly try to take away their soapbox..(如果你不 Passage 14 能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该拿走他们的讲台，即转移他 [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮 们的注意力，不再喝酒或者交谈。)”中的wine与F项中的 助提高阅读速度的建议。 drink信息呼应，soapbox与F项中的talking信息呼应。 36.D)根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the no 39.E结合前面的“If you're the host,you can ask them to vel or magazine,the speed at which you read probably help you in the kitchen with something and just remove does not matter very much.But if you have to read a them from the situation.(如果你是主人，你可以让他们 great deal for study.you will appreciate the benefits of 在厨房里帮你做，点什么，这是一个可以摆戰前面提到 being able to read more quickly.(如果你唯一的阅读是 的总是喝酒和喋案不休的情形的方法之一。)”可知，作 小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是， 者又提出了另外一个方法。E项“Or turn the conversa 如果你必须大量阅读来学习，你就会感激能够更快地 tion into a topic where they have little to say(或者把锁 阅读的好处。)”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方 话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”符合语境，同时E项中的 法。D项：Here are some tips to help improve your little to say与上文提到的won't stop talking呼应。 reading speed.(这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建 40.G根据空格前面的awkward silence和an awkward 议。)符合语境。 silence可知，G项He or she is the person who is feeling 37.G根据本段主题句“Before you open the book,make the weight of that awkwardness the most中的awk sure that you are comfortable.(在你打开书之前，确保 wardness是前面两次提到的awkward的名词形式，意 你感到舒服。)”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适 义属于同一范畴。另外G项中的He or she也与空格 的阅读环境。G项：Keep the room cool rather than 前面的ost对应。如果晚会上大家都沉默不说话，非 warm to avoid feeling sleepy..(保持房间凉爽而不是温 常越尬，这对于主人来说是最尴尬的事情了。 暖以避免困倦，)符合语境。 误解分析：本题容易误选D。考查可能看到D项B 38.B空处为段落主题句。根据下文“1 ook at the table of prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers contents,the preface,the chapter heading,etc.(查看目 中的awkward与空格前面提到的awkward是同一词，而忽 录、前言、章节标题等。)”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一 略上下文的意义，从而简单地得出错误结论而误选D, 本书之前要先浏览一下大致内客。B项：“Spend a few 难句分析] minutes looking through the book.(花几分钟浏览一下 原文：If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner 这本书。)”符合语境。 party,the only thing that always gets everyone talking 39.C根据上文“If you decide that you need to read the again is to give the host a compliment. whole book,decide how much you can read at a time. 译文：如果你在晚宴上面对尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再 (如果你决定要读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多 次开口的就是赞美主人。 少。)”和下文“A history book which may contain the 分析：「引导条件状语从句，主句中包含that引导的定语 facts in story form will be easier to read than one deal- 从句，修饰前面的thing,作主语。talking again作宾语cve ing with scientific subjects.(以故事形式包含事实的历 ryone的补足语。to give the host a compliment是动词不 史书比科学题材的书更容易阅读。)”可知，看书时间的 定式作表语，解释前面的thing的内容。 长短取决于书的类型。C项：“This depends on the type Passage 13 of book you are reading.(这取决于你读的书的类型。)” 「语篇解读]主题语境：人与自我一一体验不同文化。本 符合语境。 文是记叙文。一对夫妻为了体验真实的巴黎生活，在巴黎 4O.E根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper 小住了一段时间。作者从居住环境、饮食以及生活方式方 beside yo,(总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。)”可知， 面浅谈自己的感悟。 本段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项：“Make a note of 必备知识]词汇、语法和语篇。通过人文阅读，掌握“先 any page which is of special importance.(把任何有特别 见森林，再见树木”的阅读技巧，把握文章脉络，从而选择 重要的一页都记下来。)”符合语境 出合适的句子填入文章 Passage 15 36.F推理判断题。通过逻辑关系解题。根据设空处前 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体 文的“spent&week in Paris'”以及设空处后的“So”可知， 的好处。 设空处应为选择住在巴黎的原因，F项中“our aim”说 35.F空格后说“The mental health benefits from music 明了缘由，而“live..like real Parisians'”则引出下文的 can't be argued.(音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑 "rent a...apartment.. 的.)”F选项It is also highly popular due to the individ 37.C推理判断题。通过主题句解题。根据段首句“The ualized effects on stress and anxiety stress and place wasn't entirely authentic,though.”可知，本段主 anxiety照应了mental health benefits,因此F选项切合 要讲述的是作者夫妻二人所居住的公寓环境。选项 题意 中，只有C项涉及公窝。 36.B空格后说“However,for the same reason,music can 38.G推理判断题。通过逻辑关系解题。设空处前文提 be very beneficial if one is in pain.(然而，出于同样的原 到“they eat great food and never gain weight”,根据后 因，当一个人处于骗苦中时，音乐是非常有益的。)”，HOw 文举例可知，设空处应是表达说明食物好吃以及巴黎 cver表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项 人不增重的原因。G项“食物很好吃，只需要一点就可 Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud 以让你感到快乐”承上启下，符合语境。 中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意。 39.E主旨大意题。通过总结归钠解题。根据后文内容 37.D空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the 可知，作者和地丈夫虽然觉得水果很好吃，但是价格 evening prior to going to bed.(许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉 高。再结合上一段提到“那不是法国人比我们吃得少 前听些轻松的音乐。)”，D选项They say it can play a 的唯一原因”，可知此处填入E项较为合适，引出另一 big role in calming the brain enough to sleepsleep 个巴黎人吃的不多的原因，即物价高。 和going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意。 最新真题分类特训·英语 38.G空格前说“In one European study,participants lis kids and teenagers.(志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身 tened to music as the researchers monitored their heart 影响.)”中的“lifelong effect'”对应“affect teen'swel-be rates and blood pressure,.(在欧洲的一项研究中，参与 ing in the years to come”,“on kids and teenagers'”覆盖 者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压。)”，G选项 段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨 Interestingly,the more cheerful the music was,the fas- 4O.F根据上文“Families who volunteer together have the ter their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的 unigue experience of working toward a common goal. heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意 (一起做志愿者的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特经 39.E空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health 历，)”及下文“Everyone brings something unique to the issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for. table and can connect with each other in a new way. which is what makes music so valuable,(但是，开着收 (每个人都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联 音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音 系。)”可非知，设空处需补充家庭志愿活动中成员间的 乐如此有价值的原因。)”，因此本段讲的是音乐对身体 具体互动。F选项“You may even learn that your kid 总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall has talent you didn't know about before..(你甚至可能 wel-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康 会发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋。)”中的“learn 的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意。 that your kid has talent”体s现“Everyone brings some 主题2社会交往与文化交流 thing unique”,且“in a new way”对应“发现孩子未知天 Passage】 赋”的新额体脸，衔接上下文 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍家庭共 Passage 2 同参与志愿活动带来的意外好处，包括感觉时间更充裕、 [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了成年 促进身体健康、对青少年产生长远积极影响以及增进家庭 人的定义及其所需县备的特质，并强调了社会在培养成年 互动等 人方面的责任 36.B根据上文“Are you looking for a way to bring your 35.G由上文“As Alice Black points out,today's parents family together?Hoping to find a hobby that can be fear of letting kids do more housework has added to shared by both the little ones and adults?(你在寻找让 their inability to feel competent and,thus,confident in 家人团聚的方法吗？希望找到一个大人和小孩都能参 themselves.Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about 与的爱好吗？)”可知，此处以提问方式引出家庭共同活 this in his book.The Life Cycle,mentioning a stage 动的需求，空格处需给出解决方案。B选项“Voluntee when kids learn self-direction and mastery.Alice ring as a family may be just the thing you need. Black所指出的，如今父母害怕让孩子做更多家务，这 一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的。)”中的“Volunteering 加刷了孩子们无法感受到自身的能力，进而也导致他 as a family”直接回应“bring your【amily together”和 们对自己缺乏自信。心理学家Robert Turner在他的 “shared hobby'”,引出下文对家庭志愿活动好处的具体 著作《生命周期》中提到了这一，点，他提到了孩子们学 说明，符合语境。 习自我指导和掌提技能的阶段。)”可知，本空应强调这 37.G根据段落主题句"You'll feel like you have more 个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G time.(你会觉得自己有更多时间。)”及上文“Yet,re 选项“When this stage is denied it creates a sense of in search has found that giving your time to community security..(当这个阶段被剥夺时，就会产生一种不安全 causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 感。)”符合题意，承接上文，说明了这个阶段被利夺的 (然而，研究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会 后果。 让你觉得自己拥有更多时间，)”可推知，设空处需解释 36.E由上文“But Turner's other eycles are just as impor “感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“Volunteering makes tant,(但Turner的其他周期也同样重要。)”以及下文 you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of "If these life cycles are delayed,interrupted,or denied. each day,(志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利 用每一天.)”中的“makes you feel capable'”和“inspires you feel incapable of accessing your states of self,con- you to make the most of each day'”从心理层面解释了为 trolling unpleasant feelings.and manipulating ( 何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner you have more time”形成因果关联。 world.(如果这些生命周期被延迟、中断或拒绝，你会 38.E根据下文“Washington University found that adults 觉得自己无法进入自我状态，无法控制不愉快的情绪， 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and 也无法操控构成你内心世界结构的能量。)”可知，本空 maintained overall health longer than others their age. 应解释它们的重要性体现在哪里。E选项“They teach (华盛顿大学研究发现，55岁及以上的成年人中，参与 emotional awareness and management as well as identi- 志愿服务的人群比同龄人拥有更优的记忆力，且能更 y,(它们教授情感意识和管理以及身份认同。)”能承 长久地雏持整休健康状态。)”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动 上启下，特合题意。 对成年人身体健康的益处。E选项“For adults,volun 37.D由上文"Turner wisely said that·doing well'psy teering can provide significant physical health benefits. chologically is being able to roll with the flow of emo- (对成年人来说，志觅活动可以带来显著的身体健康益 tions,manage them,communicate clearly and well with 处.)”中的“For adults”对应“adults55 and older”, others,and master various skills.This requires an in- “physical health benefits”概括了“better memory'”和 ternal locus()of control,which implies self-con- “maintained overall health”,与本段的主题吻合. trol of your thoughts,feelings,and actions.Turner 39.C根据下文“Volunteering during teenage years has 明智地指出，从心理上讲，‘做得好’就是能够顺应情绪 been linked to some major positive effects such as im- 的流动，管理它们，与他人清晰而良好地沟通，并掌握 proved grades and inereased self-confidence.These 各种技能。这需要一个内部的控制点，这意味着对自 effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to 己的思想、情感和行动进行自我控制。)”可知·本空应 affect teen's well-being in the years to come,(青少年时 进一步解释这种内部控制点或自我控制的意义。D选 期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相 "In other words,you're playing the game of life 关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是 life isn't playing you.(换句话说，你是在玩人生的游戏 短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年 一而不是人生在玩你。)”能承接上文，符合题意，用 的身心健康。)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的 比喻的方式解释了内部控制点的意义，即你能够掌控 长期影响。C选项“Volunteering has a lifelong effect on 自己的人生，而不是被人生所掌控。