2025年安徽省中职英语一轮复习课件Unit 5 New Technologies in Everyday Life
2025-07-06
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拓展模块
Unit 5 New Technologies in Everyday Life
单元导读
本单元主要考查学生在讨论技术与生活的语境中,熟悉新科技常用的词汇和
句型,理解相关语言知识与生活常识,掌握表语从句的用法,在语境中熟练而准
确地使用;引导学生感知新技术为生活带来的变化,探索其积极意义,并激发学
生对新事物的探索精神。
知识精讲
精讲一 词 汇
1. advanced adj.先进的
【课文再现】
It is also one of the most advanced trains in the world in terms of speed,technology
and comfort.在速度、技术和舒适度方面,它也是世界上最先进的火车之一。
【归纳拓展】
(1)advanced adj.高级的;先进的;(发展)晚期的;高龄的。如:
The ruling party carried out an advanced system in the whole country.执政党在全国推
行了一套先进的制度。
He is advanced in years.他年事已高。
(2)advance v.推进,促进;提出(建议、看法、理论等);提前;前进;发
展。其常用短语:in advance 在前面,预先。如:
The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Wednesday.会议日期已从
星期五提前到星期三。
【典型例题】
We need to prepare all the materials in for the meeting tomorrow.
A. danger B. trouble C. advance D. common
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们需要为明天的会议提前准备好所有材料。in danger在危险
中;in trouble处于麻烦中;in advance提前;in common有相同之处。根据句意
可知,此处指提前。
【现学现练】
(1)He a new theory at the conference.
A. advanced B. found
C. admitted D. launched
【解析】句意:他在会议上提出了一个新理论。advanced提出;found发现;
admitted允许;launched发射,创办。根据句意可知,此处指提出一个新理论。
(2)The company released a preview of the new product to build up excitement.
A. in the advance B. on the advance
C. on advance D. in advance
【解析】句意:公司提前发布了新产品的预告以制造热度。in advance提前。
A
D
2. imagine v.想象
【课文再现】
Can you imagine a tire that can repair itself when it is broken?你能想象一个轮胎坏
了能自我修复吗?
【归纳拓展】
(1)imagine v.想象;猜想;料想。其后可接宾语和补语。just imagine (it)
(用于惊叹语,表示出乎意料)想象一下。如:
We can hardly imagine life without electricity.我们简直不能想象没有电的生活。
The boy likes to imagine himself a flyer.那个男孩喜欢想象自己是一个飞行员。
Just imagine! She’ll be back in a week.你想象一下!她一周后就能回来了。
(2)imaginative adj.富于想象力的;创新的;有创造力的。imaginary adj.虚构
的,幻想的,想象中的。如:
You need to be more flexible and imaginative in your approach.你的方法必须更加灵
活,更富有想象力。
Many children invent an imaginary friend.很多儿童都有一个假想的朋友。
(3)imagination n.想象力;想象。如:
Science quickens man’s imagination.科学促进人类的想象力。
【典型例题】
Try to a world without colors.
A. cover B. stretch C. imagine D. ignore
【答案】C
【解析】句意:试着想象一个没有颜色的世界。cover覆盖;stretch延长,延伸;
imagine想象;ignore忽视。根据句意可知,此处指想象。
【现学现练】
(1)—I think the automobile is a great invention.
—I couldn’t agree with you more.It’s hard how inconvenient our lives would be
without automobiles.
A. to imagine B. imagine
C. imagination D. imaginary
【解析】句意:——我认为汽车是一个伟大的发明。——我非常赞成你的看法。
很难想象没有汽车我们的生活会多么不便。“It’s+adj.+to do sth.”为常用的
固定句型,意为“做某事是……”,其中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的
不定式结构。
D
(2)Writers need strong to create vivid stories.
A. imagine B. imagination
C. imaginary D. imaginative
【解析】句意:作家需要很强的想象力来创作生动的故事。imagine为动词,意
为“想象”;imagination为名词,意为“想象力”;imaginary为形容词,意为
“虚构的,幻想的”;imaginative为形容词,意为“富有想象力的”。根据句意
可知,此处应填名词imagination。
B
3. cover v.行走(一段路程)
【课文再现】
It only takes a little more than 3 hours to cover the distance of over 1,000 kilometers.
行驶1 000多千米只需要花费3个多小时。
【归纳拓展】
(1)cover v.盖,覆盖(反义词expose);掩盖,掩饰;占(一片面积);包括,涉及;行走(一段路程);给……保险;电视报道,报道。如:
The floods covered large areas on both banks of the river.洪水淹没了河两岸大片地区。
Lies cannot cover up facts.谎言掩盖不了事实。
(2)cover n.覆盖物,盖子;套子;(书刊的)封面,封皮;避难所。如:
Her face was on the cover of every magazine.各种杂志的封面都有她的头像。
(3)常用的固定结构。
be covered with意为“盖满,被……覆盖”,是一个系表结构,表示处于某种状
态;be covered by意为“被……覆盖”,是被动语态,强调动作;be covered有时
接介词 in,用于描述情景,意为“被覆盖在……中”。如:
The road was covered with thick snow.路上覆盖着厚厚的积雪。
These are the areas that need to be covered by the writers.这些都是作者需要涵盖的
领域。
Look! Your shoes are covered in mud.瞧!你的鞋沾满了泥。
【典型例题】
Please the table with a tablecloth,or it will get dusty easily.
A. clean B. cover C. connect D. support
【答案】B
【解析】句意:请用一块桌布把桌子盖上,否则它很容易布满灰尘。clean清扫,打扫;cover覆盖;connect连接;support支持。cover...with...意为“用……盖上……”,为固定结构。此处指用桌布把桌子盖上。
【现学现练】
(1)The painting was by a .
A. covering;cover B. covered;cover
C. covers;covered D. covers;covers
【解析】句意:这幅画被一个遮盖物遮盖住了。第一个空,be covered by意为
“被……覆盖”,是固定短语;第二个空,应当填写一个名词,cover作名词
时,意为“封面,遮盖物”。
B
(2)The ground was fallen leaves.
A. covered by B. covered in
C. covered with D. covered for
C
【解析】句意:地上满是落叶。be covered by被……覆盖(被动语态,强调动
作);be covered in被覆盖在……中(用于描述情景);be covered with被……
覆盖,盖满(处于某种状态);be covered for描述保险覆盖的范围。根据句意可
知,此处强调被落叶覆盖的状态,C项符合题意。
4. average adj.平均的
【课文再现】
It runs at an average speed of 300 kilometers per hour.它以平均每小时300千米的速
度运行。
【归纳拓展】
(1)average adj.平均的,通常的,正常的,平常的。如:
the average temperature 平均温度 the average man 普通人
(2)average n.平均数,一般水平,平均标准。其常用固定短语:on an/the
average平均而言,一般说来。如:
His schoolwork is above/below average.他的学业成绩在中等以上/以下。
【典型例题】
,people in developed countries live longer than those in developing countries.
A. On average B. At average
C. In average D. With average
【答案】A
【解析】句意:一般来说,发达国家的人们比发展中国家的人们寿命更长。on
average,平均来说,一般说来。
【现学现练】
(1)He is always addicted to playing games,so his grades are always the
class average.
A. above B. on C. below D. of
【解析】句意:他总是沉迷玩游戏,因此他的成绩总是低于班级平均水平。
above average在平均水平以上;on average平均;below average在平均水平以
下;of average意为“属于平均水平”,其后一般要加名词。根据句意可知,此
处指在平均水平之下。
C
(2)If you 4 and 6,you get 5.
A. add B. minus C. times D. average
D
【解析】句意:如果你计算4和6的平均数,你得到的是5。add加;minus减;
times乘;average平均,计算出……的平均数。根据句意可知,此处指计算4和6
的平均数。
5. stretch v.伸展,舒展
【课文再现】
It is easier for you to stretch your legs.你更容易伸展你的双腿。
【归纳拓展】
(1)stretch vt.伸展;舒展;伸出;撑大;拉紧;滥用。如:
He stretched out his arm to take the book.他伸出手臂去拿书。
Transport was rather stretched at the Spring Festival.春节期间交通运输相当紧张。
(2)stretch vi.伸展;延伸;延续。如:
Rubber stretches easily.橡胶容易拉伸。
【典型例题】
It’s essential to your body before you start exercising so as to prevent injuries.
A. stretch B. stretched
C. stretching D. stretches
【答案】A
【解析】句意:为了防止受伤,在你开始运动前伸展一下身体是很有必要的。
It’s+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”。因此,空处用动词原形stretch。
【现学现练】
(1)The Great Wall across northern China like a giant dragon.
A. spreads B. extends
C. stretches D. prolongs
【解析】句意:长城像一条巨龙一样横跨中国北方。spread用于表示抽象事物的
“传播,散布,蔓延”,侧重在多个个体或较大范围内扩散;extend侧重在一个
方向上的“延伸,延长,伸展”;stretch意为“(使)延伸,绵延”,多用于描
述物体、地理区域等在空间上的伸展情况,强调范围或距离上的扩展;prolong
主要指时间上的延长,使某事物持续的时间比正常或预期长。此处应用stretch。
C
(2)The athlete is about to his hamstrings before starting the race to avoid
injury.
A. stretch out B. have stretched out
C. stretched out D. stretching out
【解析】句意:运动员在比赛开始前要伸展他的腿筋以避免受伤。be about to do
sth.将要做某事。
A
6. advantage n.优点
【课文再现】
E-books have many advantages.电子书有很多优点。
【归纳拓展】
(1)advantage n.有利条件;优点;优势。如:
This school has many advantages.这所学校具有很多优点。
At the end of an hour’s play,the advantage lay definitely with him.经过一个小时的
比赛后,他已确定取得优势。
(2)advantage vt.使有利,有助于,使处于有利地位。如:
In what way will it advantage them?这将在哪一方面对他们有利?
(3)反义词:disadvantage缺点。
【典型例题】
We should make full use of the we have.
A. introduction B. advantages
C. ignorance D. connections
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们应该充分利用我们拥有的有利条件。 introduction介绍;
advantage优势,有利条件;ignorance忽视;connection连接。根据句意可知,
此处指有利条件。
【现学现练】
(1)You should this opportunity to improve your English.
A. take advantage of B. think of
C. catch up with D. insist on
【解析】句意:你应该利用这个机会来提高你的英语水平。take advantage of利
用;think of思考,考虑;catch up with赶上;insist on坚持。根据句意可知,此
处指利用这个机会。
A
(2)His lack of experience is a serious for this job.
A. advantage B. disadvantage
C. convenience D. achievement
B
【解析】句意:他缺乏经验,这对他做这份工作是一个严重的劣势。advantage
有利条件,优势;disadvantage不利条件,劣势;convenience方便;achievement
实现。根据句意可知,此处指劣势。
7. admit v.承认
【课文再现】
We must admit that the Internet has greatly changed our life.我们必须承认互联网极
大地改变了我们的生活。
【归纳拓展】
(1)admit v.
①表示“承认做了某事”,其后通常接动名词,但不接不定式。表示此义时,有
时也说admit to,此时的 admit为不及物动词,但该结构中的介词 to 常可省略,省
略介词后,admit为及物动词。如:
She admitted having seen us.她承认看到过我们。
②表示“允许进入,使能进入”,可指进入某一具体场所,也可指进入某一组
织、机构等。如:
This ticket admits one person only.此票只限一人进去。
③接纳;容纳。如:
Our hall admits 300 people.我们的大厅可以容纳三百个人。
(2)admission n.允许进入;入场费;承认。如:
an admission ticket入场券 gain/obtain admission to a school 准许入学
His admission of guilt surprised everyone.他承认有罪使大家感到吃惊。
【典型例题】
Faced with so much evidence against him,he could do nothing but his
mistake.
A. admit B. admitting
C. admitted D. to admit
【答案】A
【解析】句意:面对这么多对他不利的证据,他除了承认他的错误别无他法。
could do nothing but do...意为“除了做……什么都不能做”,为固定搭配,其
中,but后为省略to的动词不定式(前有do后省略to)。
【现学现练】
(1)After strict examination by the police,the thief made a(n) that he had
stolen the jewels.
A. introduction B. communication
C. improvement D. admission
【解析】句意:经过警方的严格审查,小偷承认他偷了那些珠宝。introduction
介绍;communication沟通,交流;improvement提高,改善;admission承认。
根据句意可知,此处指承认。
D
(2)You need to get from your parents before you go on the trip.
A. permit B. permission
C. allow D. allowance
B
【解析】句意:在你去旅行之前,你需要得到你父母的许可。permit v.允许;
permission n.许可;allow v.允许;allowance n.津贴。根据句意可知,此处指需
要得到父母的允许。
8. launch v.创办,发起
【课文再现】
After that,Ms Nancy White,General Manager of WBS Tech,is going to launch a
secret new product which will change the way of management.在那之后,WBS Tech
的总经理南希·怀特女士将推出一款秘密的新产品,这将改变管理方式。
【归纳拓展】
(1)launch v.发射;发送;创办;(首次)上市;发行;发起;使……开始;
下水;进入;着手。其常用短语有launch a movement开展运动;launch sb.in/into
business使某人进入商界。如:
We launched another satellite last month.我们上个月发射了另一颗卫星。
They are launching out into a series of scientific experiments.他们正在着手进行一系
列的科学试验。
(2)launch n.发射;(船)下水;(产品的)上市;(事件的)发起。如:
I saw the launch of the rocket yesterday.我昨天看了火箭发射。
【典型例题】
The military is planning a new type of missile.
A. launched B. launching
C. launch D. to launch
【答案】D
【解析】句意:军方正计划发射一种新型导弹。launch发射。plan to do sth.计
划做某事。
【现学现练】
(1)China the Belt and Road Initiative several years ago,aiming to enhance
connectivity and cooperation among countries.
A. launches B. will launch
C. launched D. has launched
【解析】句意:几年前,中国发起了“一带一路”倡议,旨在加强各国之间的互
联互通与合作。根据句意及时间状语several years ago可知,句子时态应用一般
过去时。
C
(2)The new product by our company has been well received by consumers.
A. being launched B. launched
C. launching D. to launch
【解析】句意:我们公司推出的这款新产品深受消费者的好评。根据句意可知,
产品是被推出,因此,空处应用过去分词作后置定语,表示被动和完成。
B
精讲二 短 语
9. suffer from患(某种病);受……之苦
【课文再现】
The Great Wall section in Xiakou,Gansu Province has suffered from serious damage
over a long period of time.甘肃省峡口长城段长期遭受严重破坏。
【归纳拓展】
(1)suffer v.遭受,忍受。suffering n.痛苦,苦难。
(2)辨析suffer与suffer from。
①suffer后面可以接loss(损失),pain(疼痛),punishment(惩罚),defeat
(失败)等作宾语。如:
He suffered great pain in his body for a long time.他长期遭受着身体上的剧痛。
②suffer from后面常接引起痛苦的原因,如疾病、劳累、自然灾害等。如:
My hometown suffered from floods last year.我的家乡去年遭受了洪水(灾害)。
【典型例题】
The poor little match girl hunger and cold and finally died.
A. suffer from B. suffered from
C. suffer D. suffers
【答案】B
【解析】句意:可怜的卖火柴的小女孩遭受饥饿和寒冷,最终去世了。分析可
知,and连接并列谓语,且句子时态为一般过去时,空处也应用动词的过去式。
suffer from 意为“遭受”,为固定短语。
【现学现练】
(1)The company a great loss in the trade in 2024.
A. suffered B. suffer from
C. was suffering D. suffer
【解析】句意:2024年,这家公司在交易中遭受了巨大的损失。根据句意及题干
可知,句子时态为一般过去时;表示遭受巨大损失,可用suffer a great loss。
(2)The city air pollution during the winter months.
A. suffers from B. burns out
C. puts on D. differs from
【解析】句意:在冬季的几个月里,这个城市遭受空气污染之苦。suffers from
遭受;burns out燃尽,烧尽;puts on 穿上,上演;differs from与……不同。此
处指遭受空气污染。
A
A
10. look forward to盼望,期望
【课文再现】
We are looking forward to seeing you in Shanghai.我们期待在上海见到你。
【归纳拓展】
(1)look forward to意为“期待,盼望”,其中to是介词,后面接名词或动名
词,相当于expect to do sth.。如:
I look forward to being alone in the house.我盼望能独自待在这栋房子里。
(2)类似的含有介词to,后接名词、动词、动名词的常见短语如下:
get down to doing sth.着手处理某事,开始做某事
pay attention to (doing)sth.注意(做)某事
have an eye to doing sth.注意做某事
devote oneself to doing sth.=be devoted to doing sth.致力做某事;为做某事献身
stick to doing sth.坚持做某事
become/get/be used/accustomed to doing sth.习惯做某事
object to doing sth.反对做某事
take to doing sth.喜欢上做某事
(3)expect和look forward to的区别。
expect通常是指对未来发生的事情有较大的把握,含有期待之意,也可指预计某
事或某行动的发生。而look forward to通常是指期待或向往某事。如:
I look forward to hearing from you.我盼望收到你的来信。
【典型例题】
He is looking forward to his old friends again.
A. see B. saw C. seeing D. seen
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他期待着再次见到他的老朋友。look forward to意为“期盼,期
望”,其中,to 是介词,后面接v.-ing形式。
【现学现练】
(1)You should keeping fit.
A. look forward to B. wait for
C. used to D. pay attention to
【解析】句意:你应该注意保持健康。look forward to期待;wait for等待;used
to do sth.过去常常做某事;pay attention to注意。根据句意可知,此处指注意。
(2)They devote themselves researching new technologies.
A. on B. to C. at D. in
【解析】句意:他们致力于研究新技术。devote oneself to doing sth.致力做某事。
D
B
11. reply to回复
【课文再现】
You can reply to this email to confirm whether you can attend the event before May
13th.您可以在5月13日之前回复此电子邮件以确认是否可以参加活动。
【归纳拓展】
(1)reply用作名词时,意为“回答,答复”,可引申为“答案”;当reply表示“答复”,作不及物动词时,其后接宾语时应加介词to,即reply to sth./sb.。如:
He gave me no chance to reply to his question.他没有给我机会来回答他的问题。
She replied to me in a very rude manner.她以一种非常无礼的方式来答复我。
(2)reply作及物动词时,意为“回答说”,其后一般接that 从句、直接引语,
如果接名词,则是指回答出来的话,回答出来的内容,它不能表示“对……做回
答”“答复某人”“回……信”等。因此不能说reply me,reply my letter,reply
my question等,而应说“reply to me that...”或“reply that...”。如:
He replied that no one would go.他回答说谁也不去。
I replied to her that I would accept her invitation.我回答她说我将接受她的邀请。
She had nothing to reply.她没有什么要回答的。
He did not know what to reply.他不知道该怎么回答。
(注意比较:He did not know what to reply to.他不知道该回答什么。)
(3)辨析reply to和answer。
①这两个单词均可以表示“回答”,区别在于answer属于常用词,常用于口语,
指一般性应答,而reply则比较正式,多指经过考虑而作出答复。如:
I knew Ben was lying when he answered me.我知道本回答我时在撒谎。
He did not even have the courtesy to reply to my fax.他连回复我传真的礼貌都没有。
②answer可用作及物动词和不及物动词,而reply除接that从句或引出直接引语时
是作及物动词之外,一般只用作不及物动词,其后若接名词或代词作宾语,应借
助介词 to。如:
She may be offended if you don’t reply to her request to attend.你不回复她的邀请,
她也许会不高兴的。
I don’t quite know what to say in answer to your question.我不太清楚该说什么来回
答你的问题。
③in reply to...是回复信件的一种比较正式的用法,还可以说成in answer to/in
response to。in reply to是介词短语,而reply to是动词短语。如:
I’m writing in reply to the invitation to his birthday party next Monday.我写信是为了
答复下周一他生日聚会的邀请。
【典型例题】
I need to to his email as soon as possible.
A. reply B. settle C. achieve D. invest
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我需要尽快回复他的电子邮件。reply回复;settle解决;achieve
实现;invest投资。reply to 回复,回答。
【现学现练】
(1) your request for more information,we have attached detailed brochure.
A. In reward to B. In reply to
C. In return to D. In addition to
【解析】句意:为回应你索要更多信息的请求,我们随信附上了一份详细的宣传
册。in reward to作为回报;in reply to回复,回应;in return to作为回报;in
addition to除……之外(还)。根据句意可知,此处指回应。
B
(2)The manager has to all the customers’ complaints.
A. answer to B. solve C. reply to D. compare
C
【解析】句意:经理必须回复所有顾客的投诉。answer to 意为“对……的回
答”,此时answer为名词,其作动词时,为及物动词,其后可直接接宾语;
solve意为“解决”;reply to意为“回复”;compare意为“比较”。根据句意及
题干可知,此处指回复。
12. carry out执行,实行
【课文再现】
It carries out the fastest railway service.它提供最快的铁路服务。
【归纳拓展】
(1)carry out执行;实行;贯彻;实现,完成。carry out sth.=carry sth.out表示
执行某项规定或者法令。如:
He will carry out his plan.他要执行他的计划。
Carry out a new policy.实行一项新政策。
(2)其他常见的固定短语。
carry out a contract 执行合同,履行合约
carry out a medical examination 进行体格检查
carry out a promise 履行诺言,遵守诺言
carry on(继续)进行、进行下去(强调坚持)
carry on to do继续去做另一件事,carry on doing继续做同一件事
carry on (with)one’s work继续做某人的工作
carry on a struggle/fight 开展斗争
carry away拿走;带走;冲走;运走
be carried up into space被发射升空
【典型例题】
We need to this plan as soon as possible.
A. deal with B. do with
C. carry out D. find out
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们需要尽快执行这项计划。do with/deal with处理,解决;
carry out执行;find out查明。此处指执行计划。
【现学现练】
(1)The students carried discussing the math problem until they found the
correct solution.
A. on B. out C. away D. off
【解析】句意:学生们继续讨论那道数学题,直到他们找到正确的解决方法。
carry on doing sth.继续做某事;carry out实施,完成;carry away拿走,带走;
carry off 抓走。根据句意可知,A项符合题意。
(2)The flood many houses along the riverbank.
A. went on B. carried away
C. put away D. turned down
【解析】句意:洪水冲走了河流沿岸的许多房屋。went on继续;carried away带
走,冲走;put away放好,收拾;turned down拒绝,调低。此处指冲走房屋。
A
B
精讲三 句 型
13. Here are the top five countries offering the fastest railway service.以下是提供最
快铁路服务的五个国家。
【归纳拓展】
(1)offering the fastest railway service是现在分词短语作后置定语,是定语从句
省略引导词that或which,由于先行词the top five countries与动词offer之间是主动
关系,省略了引导词后,用现在分词作后置定语。现在分词作定语,被修饰的名
词一定是分词的逻辑主语。单个现在分词作定语通常位于名词前,现在分词短语
作定语通常为后置定语。如:
a falling leaf一片正在落下的树叶
the boys swimming in the river 在河里游泳的男孩们
(2)动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别。
①动名词作定语必须位于名词之前。动名词表示被修饰名词的用途或分类,或者
说被修饰名词是动名词动作的场所或工具,它们之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
如a sewing machine,a meeting room,a fishing rod等。
②现在分词作定语表示主动关系,当表示该动作正在进行,或与主句动作同时发
生,或表示经常性行为时,用现在分词作定语。如:
The girl standing there is my sister.站在那里的女孩是我妹妹/姐姐。
【注意】①分词短语作后置定语时可以改成定语从句。如:
The girl standing there is my sister.→The girl who is standing there is my sister.站在
那里的女孩是我的妹妹/姐姐。
②如果名词与作定语的动词之间为被动关系,则定语有下列三种形式:
a.如果动作已发生或表示经常性行为,用过去分词。如:
The house built is mine.建造的房子是我的。
b.如果动作正在进行,用being done。如:
The house being built is mine.正在建造的房子是我的。
c.如果动作未发生,用to be done。如:
The house to be built is mine.将要建造的房子是我的。
【典型例题】
Please tell Mr Wang to come and repair the window as soon as possible.
A. break B. broke C. broken D. to break
【答案】C
【解析】句意:请告诉王先生尽快过来修理那扇破窗户。break为动词原形,意
为“打破”;broke是break的过去式;broken是break的过去分词;to break是
break的不定式形式。根据句意可知,窗户所处的状态是破损的,故应用过去分
词broken作前置定语,修饰window。
【现学现练】
(1)The children in the park look very happy.How I wish we could be as
happy as them!
A. play B. playing C. played D. to play
【解析】句意:在公园里玩耍的孩子们看起来非常快乐。我多么希望我们也能像
他们一样快乐啊!分析可知,空处应用非谓语动词。表明孩子们正在公园里玩耍
这个动作,呈现出一种正在进行的状态,因此要用现在分词playing作后置定
语,表示主动和进行。
B
(2)The machines by the workers are very important.
A. being repaired B. are repaired
C. repaired D. repair
A
【解析】句意:工人们正在修理的这些机器非常重要。分析可知,空处应用非谓
语动词。表示机器正在被修理,应用being done结构。
14. You go around and put whatever you want in your shopping cart.你到处走走,把
你想要的东西放进你的购物车。
【归纳拓展】
(1)特殊疑问词+ever=no matter+特殊疑问词。no matter+特殊疑问代词
what/which/who/whom/whose,no matter+特殊疑问副词when/where/how;no
matter+连词whether,此类结构只能引导让步状语从句,但是位置灵活,放在主
句前后皆可。
(2)no matter whether引导让步状语从句,whether在从句中不充当句子成分,只
起引导作用,但是有词义,其汉语意思为“无论是否……”。如:
No matter whether he had been invited or not,he was there to celebrate Jim’s
birthday.无论他是否被邀请,他都在那里庆祝吉姆的生日。
Mary always gets to school on time,no matter whether it rains or winds.不管下雨还
是刮风,玛丽总是准时到校。
(3)no matter what引导让步状语从句,意为“无论什么”。what 在从句中充当
主语、宾语或表语。如:
No matter what happened,he would not say a word.不管发生什么事,他一句话也
不说。(what 在从句中作主语)
No matter what you want to be in the future,you must work hard now.不管你将来想
成为什么样的人,你现在必须努力工作。(what在从句中作表语)
(4)no matter who/whom引导让步状语从句,意为“无论是谁”,who在让步状
语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语,而whom在从句中只作宾语和表语。如:
No matter who/whom you are,you have no right to do that.无论你是谁,你都无权
这样做。(who/whom在从句中作表语)
(5)no matter which+名词,意为“无论哪一个”,no matter whose+名词,意
为“无论谁的……”。在它们引导的让步状语从句中,which既可单独使用,其
后也可以接名词,whose 后面只能接名词。两者都可作从句的主语、 宾语或表
语。如:
No matter which job you choose,you must take it seriously.无论你选择哪一份工
作,你都必须认真对待。
【注意】no matter which=whichever;no matter whose=whosever。
(6)no matter when/where/how意为“无论什么时候/无论在哪里/无论怎样”,在
让步状语从句中充当时间/地点/方式状语,既起引导作用,又有词义。如:
No matter when my motherland needs me,I will devote myself to it without hesitation.无论我的祖国何时需要我,我都会毫不犹豫地为祖国奉献。
He was always busy working no matter when I visited him.无论我何时拜访他,他总
是忙于工作。
I will carry it out no matter how hard it may be.无论它可能有多么困难,我都会执行。
【注意】no matter when=whenever;no matter where=wherever;no matter how=
however。
(7)注意事项。
①在no matter what 引导的让步状语从句中,有时可以省略be动词或者不及物动
词。(no matter who/how后面偶尔也有省略)。如:
I’ve decided to leave tomorrow,no matter what (happens).不管发生什么事,我
已决定明天走。
No matter who(it is),anyone can point out our shortcomings.不管是谁,任何人
都可以指出我们的缺点。
②No matter how与No matter what 的区别。
No matter how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。
No matter how+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语。
No matter what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语。
No matter what+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语。如:
He goes to swim in the lake no matter how cold the weather is.不管天气多冷,他都
去湖里游泳。
You can’t succeed without efforts no matter what a clever person you are.不管你是一
个多么聪明的人,不努力你是不可能成功的。
【典型例题】
The warriors were determined to defend their homeland, difficult it was.
A. no matter which B. no matter
C. no matter what D. no matter how
【答案】D
【解析】句意:战士们决定不管多困难也要保卫祖国。根据句意可知,后句作前
句的让步状语,no matter意为“无论……”,且从句中的表语difficult为形容
词,用how修饰。no matter how无论怎样……。
【现学现练】
(1)The winner of the competition will be has the most creative idea.
A. whoever B. wherever
C. however D. whichever
【解析】句意:比赛的获胜者将是那个最具创意想法的人。whoever无论谁;wherever无论哪里;however然而,无论怎样;whichever无论哪一个。本题中的will be后面是一个表语从句,表语从句缺少主语。根据句意可知,空处指无论谁。
A
(2) your opinion,people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas
through art for thousands of years.
A. Whatever B. Whichever
C. However D. Whenever
【解析】句意:无论你的看法如何,人们数千年来一直在用艺术表达自己的思想
和理念。whatever无论什么;whichever无论哪一个;however无论如何;
whenever无论何时。分析可知,空处引导让步状语从句,且从句缺少表语,应用
whatever引导让步状语从句,其完整形式为whatever your opinion is。
A
15. When it finds that there is something wrong with the train,the system can give an
alarm and slow down or even stop the train.当它发现列车有问题时,系统会发出警
报,使列车减速,甚至停车。
【归纳拓展】
when引导的时间状语从句的常见的用法。
(1)当主句和从句的动作在过去同时发生时,有以下两种情况:
①主从句时态都用一般过去时(两个动作都是非延续性动作)。如:
When I entered the door,I saw an old man.当我进门的时候,我看到了一个老年人。
②主句时态用过去进行时(动作是延续性的),从句时态用一般过去时(动作是
非延续性的)。如:
When I got home,my mother was cooking.当我到家的时候,我的妈妈正在煮饭。
(2)当主句和从句的动作在过去先后发生时,通常主句时态用过去完成时(前
一个动作),从句时态用一般过去时(后一个动作)。如:
When I arrived at the classroom, the teacher had been in class for 10 minutes.当我到
达教
室的时候,老师已经上课10分钟了。
(3)当主句和从句的动作在将来同时发生,主从句的时态应遵循“主将从现”
的原则,即主句时态用一般将来时,谓语用“will+动词原形”或“情态动词+
动词原形”,主句也有可能是祈使句;从句时态用一般现在时表示将来。如:
I will visit you when I go to England for my holiday.当我去英国度假时,我会去拜
访你的。
【典型例题】
you get to the corner of the street,you can see a tall building.
A. While B. When C. Because D. Since
【答案】B
【解析】句意:当你到达这个街角时,你可以看到一栋高楼。while 意为
“当……的时候,然而”;when意为“当……时”;because 意为“因为”;
since 意为“自从,由于”。句子的动作发生有先后顺序,应用when引导时间状
语从句。
【现学现练】
(1)He angry with you when he what your real thought is.
A. was;knows B. will be;knew
C. will be;knows D. would be;know
【解析】句意:当他知道你真正想法的时候,他会生你的气。分析可知,在
when引导的时间状语从句中,当主从句动作同时在过去发生时,主从句时态均
应用过去时态,排除A、D两项;当主从句的动作发生在将来,且不是同时发生
时,主从句时态应遵循“主将从现”的原则,即主句时态用一般将来时,从句用
一般现在时表示将来,故排除B项。
C
(2)I will call you I arrive at the airport.
A. though B. when C. as D. while
B
【解析】句意:当我到达机场的时候,我将会打电话给你。though尽管;when
当……时;as由于,当……时候;while当……的时候,然而。根据句意及题干
可知,此处应用when引导时间状语从句,句子时态遵循“主将从现”的原则。
16. The reason why she thinks so is that online shopping has become an important part of people’s life.她之所以这么认为,是因为网购已经成为人们生活的重要组成部分。
【归纳拓展】
(1)the reason why...是一个典型的定语从句句式,后面是why引导的定语从
句,修饰先行词the reason。在定语从句中,除关系词that,which,who等可以作
从句的主语或者宾语之外,如果关系词是where/in which,when/on which,
why/for which等,去掉关系词后面的从句也可以单独成句。如:
The reason why he was late is that he didn’t catch the early bus.他迟到的原因是他没
有赶上早班公交车。(从句中he was late是一个完整的句子)
(2)the reason that...这里先行词充当定语从句中的主语或者宾语等名词成分,
去掉关系词后面的从句不能单独成句。如:
The reason that he gave is lame.他给出的理由站不住脚。(从句中he gave,不能单
独成句,因为give是一个及物动词,其后需要加宾语,而这里的宾语应该是The
reason)
(3)the reason why 和 the reason that区别。
①如果the reason在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则关系词应该用that。如果the
reason在定语从句中作状语,则关系词应该用why。
②the reason that后接具体原因,也可认为是同位语从句。如:
The reason that he was ill yesterday is such a bad excuse.他昨天生病的理由真是一个
糟糕的借口。
③当the reason在后面句子中作主语或宾语时,定语从句可以用that或which引导,
作宾语时可以省略关系词。如:
The reason that/which he gave for his lateness was that he didn’t catch the first bus.他
迟到的原因是没有赶上第一班公交车。(the reason作gove的宾语)
④the reason why后接对这个理由的修饰,或者是现在需要解释的一个状况。如:
The reason why he was late is that he was ill.他迟到的原因是他生病了。(why引导
定语从句)
He didn’t explain the reason why he was late this morning.他没有解释他今天早上迟
到的原因。(why引导定语从句)
【典型例题】
The reason the project failed is there was a lack of proper planning.
A. why;because B. that;that
C. that;because D. why;that
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个项目失败的原因是其缺乏一个合理的规划。分析可知,第一
个空所在的句子是定语从句,先行词是the reason,且从句缺少原因状语,应用
why引导该定语从句;第二个空所在的句子是表语从句,从句句意完整且不缺少
成分,应用that引导该表语从句。
【现学现练】
(1)The main for his success is his hard work and perseverance.
A. problem B. suggestion
C. reason D. matter
【解析】句意:他成功的主要原因是他的努力工作和坚持不懈。problem问题;
suggestion建议;reason理由,原因;matter问题,事情。根据句意可知,空处
指原因。
C
(2)The why he was late for school was that his bike broke down on the way.
A. result B. fact C. trouble D. reason
D
【解析】句意:他上学迟到的原因是他的自行车在路上出故障了。result结果;
fact事实;trouble麻烦,问题;reason原因。分析可知,the reason why是一个定
语从句,先行词是the reason,why引导定语从句,且在从句中充当原因状语,
可用于这个结构的名词只有reason。
语法聚焦
Predicative clauses(表语从句)
一、表语从句的定义
在句子中充当表语作用的句子叫作表语从句,位于连系动词之后。表语从句
要用陈述语序。
二、连接表语从句的连系动词
1. be动词。
2. 感官动词,如feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell等。
3. 维持状态的动词,如stand,lie,remain,keep,stay等。
4. 表示变化的动词,如become,get,grow,turn,go,come,fall等。
5. 表示证明的动词,如prove,turn out等。
三、连接表语从句的引导词
1. that,whether,as if,as though。
2. 连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whatever,whichever。
3. 连接副词when,where,why,how。
4. 具体的用法。
(1)由that引导。
①表语从句中的that通常不省略。如:
The fact is that he doesn’t really try.事实是他没有真的尝试。
The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。
②在that引导的表语从句中,当主句中的主语是suggestion,proposal,idea,
motion,order,plan,impossibility,possibility等名词时,从句的谓语应用
“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。 如:
His suggestion was that everyone should have a map.他的建议是每个人都应该有一
张地图。
My idea is that the electronic device should be tested at once.我的意见是这个电子设
备要立即测试。
(2)由whether引导。
whether可引导表语从句,但if不可引导表语从句。如:
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.问题是这部电影是否值得看。
(3)由because引导。
①其结构通常为“That/This/It is because...”。如:
It is because I like it too much.那是因为我太喜欢它了。
That’s because you can’t appreciate music.那是因为你不会欣赏音乐。
②对比:because引导的表语从句强调原因,why引导的表语从句强调结果,其结
构通常为“That/This/It is why...”。如:
He was ill.That’s why he was sent to the hospital.他病了。那就是他为什么被送去
医院。
He was sent to the hospital.That’s because he was ill.他被送到医院。那是因为他生
病了。
③reason作主语时,用that引导,不能用why/because引导。其结构通常为“The
reason is that.../The reason (why.../for...)is that...”。如:
The reason was that you don’t trust her.原因是你不信任她。
(4)由as,as if,as though引导。
as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句中陈述的事情很有可能
实现,也可用陈述语气。如:
It was as though she had known Mary for years.似乎她认识玛丽已有好多年了。
Things were not as they seemed to be.情况并不是它们看上去的那个样子。
It looks as if it is/were going to rain.看起来天要下雨。(as if 引导的表语从句有时
也可用虚拟语气,表示可能性小)
(5)由连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whatever,
whichever引导,连接代词在表语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如:
You are not who I thought you were.你已不是我过去所认为的你了。
What I want to know is which road we should take.我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。
(6)由连接副词where,when,how,why引导,连接副词在表语从句中作状
语。如:
The problem is how we can find him.问题是我们如何找到他。
That’s where you are wrong.这就是你不对的地方。
变式练习
单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填在题
前括号里)
( B )1. —What do you think of the movie we watched yesterday?
—That’s .
A. how I feel about it B. what makes me laugh
C. whatever I feel funny D. when I feel funny
【解析】句意:——你觉得我们昨天看的那部电影怎么样?——那是让我开怀大
笑的原因。分析可知,空处为表语从句,应用what makes me laugh解释说明That指代的内容,也就是表明前面提到的某个事物是让我发笑的原因所在。C项,表语从句的引导词不恰当,问句涉及的对象仅限于昨天看的那部电影,不具有普遍性。
B
( A )2. I want to know is will be in charge of this project.
A. What;who B. Who;that
C. What;that D. That;who
【解析】句意:我想知道的是谁将负责这个项目。第一个空,引导主语从句,且
从句缺少宾语,应用what引导该主语从句;第二个空,引导表语从句,且从句
缺少主语,应用who引导该表语从句。
A
( B )3. You are saying that everyone should not be equal.This is I
disagree with you.
A. why B. where C. what D. how
【解析】句意:你说每个人都不应该是平等的。这正是我不同意的地方。
disagree为不及物动词,其后不能接宾语。根据题意可知,设空处只能用where
引导表语从句。
( C )4. What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us.
A. that B. if C. whether D. /
【解析】句意:我想知道的是他是否喜欢我们送给他的礼物。if不能引导表语从
句,that在表语从句中无实义,设空处也不能省略。whether意为“是否”,符
合题意。
B
C
( B )5. —I feel so tired.
—I think it’s you ran too fast.
A. why B. because C. who D. whom
【解析】句意:——我感觉好累。——我认为这是因为你跑得太快了。分析可
知,空处引导表语从句,且从句中缺少原因状语,故应用because。
B
学以致用
一、单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填
在题前括号里)
( B )1. He lost his parents when he was a child.It’s hard to how
miserable his life was.
A. find B. imagine C. allow D. search
【解析】句意:他从小就失去了父母。很难想象他的生活有多悲惨。find发现;
imagine想象;allow允许;search寻找。根据句意可知,此处指想象。
B
( B )2. An airplane at Dulles International Airport in the USA and
carried three pandas back to China.
A. put off B. took off C. got up D. put up
【解析】句意:一架飞机从美国杜勒斯机场起飞,将三只熊猫送回中国。A项意
为“推迟”;B项意为“脱掉,起飞”;C项意为“起床”;D项意为“举起,
张贴”。根据句意可知,B项最佳。
B
( B )3. I charge my mobile phone for a whole night,it still doesn’t
work.
A. As long as B. Even if
C. In order that D. As soon as
【解析】句意:即使我给我的手机充一整晚的电,它仍然不工作。A项意为“只
要”;B项意为“即使”;C项意为“为了”;D项意为“一……就……”。根
据句意可知,B项最佳。
( C )4. She admitted a mistake in the exam.
A. make B. made C. making D. to make
【解析】句意:她承认在考试中犯了一个错误。admit doing sth.承认做某事。
B
C
( B )5. She promised to come to the party,but she didn’t in the end.
A. take up B. show up
C. make up D. give up
【解析】句意:她答应来参加聚会的,但她最后没有出现。take up占据;show
up出现;make up编造;give up放弃。根据句意可知,此处指出现。
B
二、阅读理解(根据短文内容,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意
的最佳选项填在题前括号里)
The arrival of 5G technology has brought significant changes.It offers much faster
data transfer speed compared to previous generations.
With 5G,downloading large files or streaming high-definition videos becomes
extremely quick and seamless(不停顿的).In the field of smart cities,it enables
better traffic management,as sensors can communicate in real-time.In the medical
area,remote surgeries with high precision are more feasible.Also,it boosts the
development of the Internet of Things(IoT,物联网),allowing numerous devices
to connect and interact more efficiently.
5G is also revolutionizing the entertainment industry.For example,augmented
reality (AR)and virtual reality (VR)experiences now can be delivered with
enhanced quality and minimal latency,providing users with more immersive and
engaging entertainment.Additionally,in the field of education,5G facilitates online
learning with high-quality video conferencing and real-time interaction,breaking
down geographical barriers.
However,concerns about the potential effects of 5G radiation on human health
have been raised.Despite this,the benefits it brings to various industries and our daily
lives are remarkable.It is expected to drive further innovation and economic growth in
the coming years as more applications and services are developed to take full advantage
of its capabilities.In the industrial sector,5G-powered smart factories can optimize
production processes,increase productivity,and reduce operational costs,leading to
a more competitive manufacturing environment.
( B )6. What is a major advantage of 5G technology?
A. Slower data transfer speed. B. Faster data transfer speed.
C. Limited connection. D. High cost.
【解析】根据文章第一段中“It offers much faster data transfer speed compared
to previous generations.”可知,5G技术相较于之前的网络世代,其主要优势在
于拥有更快的数据传输速度。因此,B项正确。
B
( A )7. In which area does 5G help with traffic management?
A. Smart cities. B. Rural areas.
C. Small towns. D. Villages.
【解析】根据文章第二段中“In the field of smart cities,it enables better traffic
management,as sensors can communicate in real-time.”可知,5G技术能在智
能城市领域协助交通管理,因为传感器能够实时通信。因此,A项正确。
A
( B )8. Which of the following is a concern related to 5G?
A. Impacts on wildlife habitats.
B. 5G radiation affects human health.
C. Interference with radio telescopes.
D. Disruption of satellite navigation.
【解析】根据文章第四段中“However,concerns about the potential effects of 5G radiation on human health have been raised.”可知,人们对于5G辐射对人类健康的潜在影响存在担忧,这是文中提及的与5G相关的担忧点。因此,B项正确。
B
( C )9. What is an advantage of 5G in the industrial sector?
A. Decrease productivity. B. Increase operational costs.
C. Optimize production processes. D. Limit factory automation.
【解析】根据文章第四段中“In the industrial sector,5G-powered smart
factories can optimize production processes,increase productivity,and reduce
operational costs...”可知,5G在工业领域的优势包括能够优化生产流程,提高
生产力以及降低运营成本等。因此,C项正确。
C
( B )10. What entertainment experiences does 5G enhance?
A. Traditional theater shows. B. Augmented and virtual reality.
C. Board games. D. Live music concerts.
【解析】根据文章第三段中“5G is also revolutionizing the entertainment
industry.For example,augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR)
experiences now can be delivered with enhanced quality and minimal
latency...”可知,5G能够提升增强现实(AR)和虚拟现实(VR)的体验质
量,使其更具有沉浸感。因此,B项正确。
B
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