Unit 3 The Internet 互联网 (话题阅读精练）英语人教版2019必修第二册

Unit 3 The Internet 互联网 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow. —Bill Gates 释义：因特网正成为明日地球村的闹市广场。 ——比尔·盖茨 启示：商品、服务和信息在互联网上集聚、流通，满足人们的物质生活和精神生活的需要。该名言用闹市广场隐喻互联网，生动传神。 主题词汇积累 一、信息获取类 1. search for information - 搜索信息 2. browse online resources - 浏览在线资源 3. access digital databases - 访问数字数据库 4. stream videos/audio - 流播视频 / 音频 5. update knowledge online - 在线更新知识 二、社交互动类 1. chat with friends online - 在线与朋友聊天 2. keep in touch via social networks - 通过社交网络保持联系 3. write/blog about daily life - 写博客记录日常生活 4. participate in online conferences - 参加在线会议 5. make new friends on the Internet - 在互联网上交新朋友 三、生活便利类 1. do cashless payments - 进行无现金支付 2. order services online - 在线订购服务 3. track package deliveries - 跟踪包裹配送 4. update personal information - 更新个人信息 5. use software for daily tasks - 用软件处理日常事务 四、安全风险类 1. protect personal identity - 保护个人身份 2. avoid online scams - 避免网络诈骗 3. safeguard privacy online - 保护网络隐私 4. be cautious of fake news - 警惕虚假新闻 5. deal with stuck software - 处理软件卡顿 时文拓展阅读 (2024·重庆沙坪坝一中高一上阶段练习)Healthy eating and staying fit can be difficult. You may want to eat tasty food that is easy to prepare. You may be inspired to exercise and stay in shape. The good news is that there are apps to help you. Paprika Paprika is an app to help users plan meals, shop and cook. You can save recipes from websites and from other apps to Paprika. The app can help keep track of the foods you have in your home so when you go shopping, you know what you need to buy. MealBoard MealBoard is another app that can suggest recipes and help you plan meals. This app can suggest recipes based on the food you already have in your home. MealBoard can keep a list of what food you have and what you need to buy. This app can scan bar codes to add items to your list. Using this app, you can also note the expiration dates (失效期), so you know when your food is no longer usable. MealBoard lets users save recipes from websites and then search them by foods used in the recipes. For example, you can search for recipes that have “chocolate” in them. IEatWell The IEatWell app supports healthy eating by giving users rewards for eating the right foods. If you like earning rewards for meeting your goals, IEatWell may work well for you. Instead of measuring how much you eat. IEatWell measures how well you eat. Tell the app what you are eating for your meal. You can even add a photo. The app will rate how healthy your meal is, and then give you a reward if you are eating well. 【译文欣赏】 健康饮食和保持健康体态可能颇具难度。你或许想品尝美味且易于准备的食物，也可能受到激励去锻炼并维持良好身材。好消息是，有一些应用程序可助你达成目标。 Paprika Paprika 是一款助力用户规划膳食、购物及烹饪的应用程序。你能够从网站以及其他应用程序将食谱保存至 Paprika 。该应用可帮你记录家中现有的食物，这样当你购物时，就清楚需要买什么。 MealBoard MealBoard 是另一款能够推荐食谱并帮你规划膳食的应用程序。它可依据你家中已有的食物来推荐食谱。MealBoard 能列出你已有的食物和需要购买的食物清单。这款应用可扫描条形码，将物品添加到你的清单里。使用它，你还能记录食物的失效期，从而知晓食物何时不再可食用。MealBoard 允许用户从网站保存食谱，随后通过食谱中用到的食材搜索这些食谱。比如，你可以搜索含有 “巧克力” 的食谱。 IEatWell IEatWell 应用程序通过给予用户食用健康食物的奖励来支持健康饮食。要是你喜欢因达成目标而获得奖励，那么 IEatWell 可能很适合你。它不衡量你吃了多少，而是衡量你吃得有多健康。告知应用你这一餐吃了什么，你甚至还能添加一张照片。应用会评定你的一餐有多健康，要是你饮食健康，就会给你奖励。 【词汇积累】 英文 词性 中文释义 例句 inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 His speech inspired us to work harder. （他的演讲激励我们更努力工作 ） track v. 跟踪；记录 Keep track of your expenses. （记录你的开支 ） expiration n. 失效；到期 Check the expiration date of the milk. （检查牛奶的失效期 ） reward n./v. 奖励；回报 She got a reward for her hard work. （她因努力工作获得奖励 ） rate v. 评定；估价 Rate the quality of this product. （评定这个产品的质量 ） 【知识拓展】 在追求健康生活的道路上，我们时常会因美食的诱惑、坚持的艰辛而徘徊。这些小小的应用程序，就像生活里贴心的 “健康伙伴” ，它们用科技的力量，把复杂的健康饮食和锻炼规划变得简单、有趣。它们提醒我们，健康并非是枯燥的坚持，而是可以借助工具，把每一次的饮食选择、每一步的锻炼，都变成向着更好自己迈进的快乐旅程。就像在黑暗中找到的指引明灯，让我们明白，只要善用身边的 “小助手” ，拥抱健康生活并非遥不可及，而是一步一个小成就，慢慢积累出的美好蜕变，让我们在追求健康的路上，走得更轻松、更坚定，去遇见那个充满活力的自己。 【词汇延伸】 · inspire：派生词 inspiration（n. 灵感；鼓舞 ）、inspiring（adj. 鼓舞人心的 ） ，如 “The inspiring speech gave him inspiration.”（这场鼓舞人心的演讲给了他灵感 ） 。 · track：派生词 tracking（n. 跟踪；追踪 ）、tracker（n. 追踪器；跟踪者 ） ，像 “The package has a GPS tracker for tracking.”（这个包裹有 GPS 追踪器用于跟踪 ） 。 · reward：派生词 rewarding（adj. 有回报的；值得做的 ） ，例如 “Volunteering is a rewarding experience.”（志愿活动是一段有意义的经历 ） 。 【长难句分析】 1.句子：The app can help keep track of the foods you have in your home so when you go shopping, you know what you need to buy. · 分析： 主句是 “The app can help keep track of the foods...” ，“keep track of” 是固定短语，意为 “记录；跟踪” 。 “you have in your home” 是定语从句，修饰 “foods” ，省略了关系代词 “that/which” ，说明是 “你家里有的食物” 。 “so” 引导结果状语从句，“when you go shopping” 是时间状语从句，在结果状语从句中作时间背景，“you know what you need to buy” 是结果状语从句的主句，“what you need to buy” 是宾语从句，作 “know” 的宾语 。 2.句子：MealBoard lets users save recipes from websites and then search them by foods used in the recipes. 1. 分析： 主句是 “MealBoard lets users save recipes... and then search them...” ，“let sb do sth” 是固定结构，意为 “让某人做某事” ，这里是让用户 “save recipes（保存食谱 ）” 和 “search them（搜索食谱 ）” 。 “used in the recipes” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “foods” ，表示 “在食谱中用到的食材” 。 3.句子：The app will rate how healthy your meal is, and then give you a reward if you are eating well. 1. 分析： 主句是由 “and” 连接的并列句，“The app will rate how healthy your meal is” 和 “then give you a reward” 并列。 “how healthy your meal is” 是宾语从句，作 “rate” 的宾语；“if you are eating well” 是条件状语从句，说明 “give you a reward（给你奖励 ）” 的条件 。 高考真题链接 （2024·北京·高考真题）The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 28．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 29．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 30．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 31．It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 1.句子：Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. · 分析： 主干为 “Searching the term...returns numerous results”，动名词短语 “Searching the term” 作主语，“returns” 为谓语。 “that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation” 是定语从句，修饰 “results”，其中 “whether the universe is a computer simulation” 是宾语从句，作 “debate” 的宾语。 破折号后的 “a concept that some scientists actually take seriously” 是同位语，解释 “simulation hypothesis”，其中 “that” 引导定语从句修饰 “concept”。 · 译文：搜索 “模拟假说” 这一术语会得到许多结果，这些结果围绕 “宇宙是否是计算机模拟” 展开争论 —— 这是一个连一些科学家都认真对待的概念。 2.句子：If empirical experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. · 分析： 本句为多重复句，“If empirical experience fails to reveal reality” 是条件状语从句。 主句为 “reasoning won’t reveal reality either”，“since it relies on concepts and words...” 是原因状语从句。 “that are contingent on our social...histories” 是定语从句，修饰 “concepts and words”。 · 译文：如果实证经验无法揭示现实，推理也无法揭示现实，因为它依赖于取决于我们社会、文化和心理历史的概念与词语。 英文 词性 中文释义 例句 / 搭配 irresistible adj. 不可抗拒的 The idea of traveling is irresistible to her.（旅行的想法让她无法抗拒。） simulation hypothesis n. 模拟假说 The simulation hypothesis debates whether reality is a digital construct.（模拟假说争论现实是否为数字构造。） empirical adj. 实证的；经验的 Empirical evidence supports the theory.（实证证据支持这一理论。） contingent on 短语 取决于；依赖于 Success is contingent on hard work.（成功取决于努力。） metaphor n. 隐喻 The “clock universe” is a classic scientific metaphor.（“时钟宇宙” 是经典的科学隐喻。） insightful adj. 有洞察力的 An insightful analysis reveals hidden patterns.（有洞察力的分析揭示了隐藏的模式。） 背景知识： 1.模拟假说（Simulation Hypothesis）： 该理论认为宇宙可能是高级文明通过计算机模拟生成的虚拟世界，由哲学家尼克・博斯特罗姆（Nick Bostrom）在 21 世纪初系统提出。尽管缺乏实证支持，但它引发了科学、哲学和科技领域的广泛讨论，与 “缸中之脑”“黑客帝国” 等概念有理论关联。 2.康德的认识论（Kant's Epistemology）： 康德提出 “物自体”（things-in-themselves）概念，认为人类只能通过感官和认知能力理解 “现象世界”，而无法触及客观现实的本质。这一观点为文章中 “宇宙不可知” 的论述提供了哲学基础。 3.科学模型的隐喻本质： 科学史上，模型常基于人类熟悉的隐喻构建：牛顿时代将宇宙比作 “时钟”（机械论），爱因斯坦时代用 “粒子模型” 解释物理现象，信息时代则衍生出 “宇宙模拟” 的新隐喻。这些模型是理解工具，而非现实本身。 阅读微技能（解题技巧）： 1.推理判断题的逻辑链分析： 如第 28 题问作者挑战假说的目的，需结合第一段结尾 “We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge”，明确作者通过质疑假说转向 “利用假说来推进科学” 的建议，而非单纯论证或假设，故答案选 C。 2.词义猜测的上下文关联： 第 29 题 “contingent on” 所在句中，“since it relies on” 表明因果关系，“relies on”（依赖）与 “determined by”（由…… 决定）语义相近，可通过逻辑替换锁定 B 选项。 3.作者态度题的隐含线索抓取： 第 30 题关于作者对康德的态度，文中未直接表态，但通过 “Kant argued that...While he held...he said...” 的客观引用，以及后续 “if we accept that the universe is unknowable” 的顺承论述，可推断作者对康德观点持认可（appreciative）态度，而非怀疑或反对。 4.隐含主旨题的段落结构梳理： 第 31 题需整合第四段 “No point in arguing” 和第五段 “developing the model will be rewarding” 的核心观点：作者强调停止争论 “宇宙是否为模拟”，转而将其作为模型工具探索，对应 C 选项。 总结: 本文通过哲学假说与科学模型的交叉分析，引导读者从 “是否为模拟” 的争论转向 “如何用模拟概念推动认知”。解题时需紧扣 “假说→模型→工具” 的逻辑主线，结合长难句的结构拆解和背景知识。 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 327 文章主要讲述人工智能（AI）在宠物护理领域的应用，包括机器人ORO如何提供全面宠物照料、AI宠物产品的多样化实例、以及潜在风险。文章还探讨了专家对技术伦理问题的担忧，强调需以宠物福祉为优先。 Passage 2 七选五 说明文 254 文章主要讲述了智能手机在老年人中普及的现象、使用动机、积极影响及面临挑战。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 346 文章主要介绍了一项关于蛇毒治疗的新研究，通过人工智能设计的新型蛋白质可以有效灭活蛇毒毒素，为治疗提供了新思路。 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 294 文章主要介绍了浙江西湖大学的中国科学家在太阳能领域取得了一项令人兴奋的发现，他们创造了一种极薄且灵活的太阳能电池，该电池能以23.4%的创纪录效率将阳光转化为电能，并介绍了这种电池的原理、制造突破、应用前景以及其在减少碳排放方面的潜在作用。 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 346 中国科学家用CRISPR技术编辑番茄基因使其增甜30%，这是提升蔬菜吸引力的一部分。该技术相比传统基因改造更精准，但需通过安全审批。尽管存在公众担忧，但其成功可能推动更多作物改良，促进健康饮食。 Passage 6 阅读理解 新闻报道 357 文章主要讲述了在中国举行的世界首场人形机器人半程马拉松比赛。尽管机器人在技术上令人印象深刻，但在长距离比赛中远远落后于人类。文章还提到中国政府将人形机器人产业视为技术竞争的新前沿，并阐述了比赛中机器人替换规则以及机器人与人类成绩的对比。 Passage 7 阅读理解 说明文 339 文章主要介绍了康奈尔大学研究人员开发的新型 AI 驱动机器人框架 RHyME，它能让机器人通过观看单个教学视频学习任务，减少训练数据需求并提高成功率。 Passage 8 完形填空 记叙文 323 文章主要介绍中国科学家开发的一种基因疗法，该疗法可延缓小鼠衰老并延长其寿命，未来可能应用于人类。 Passage 1 （山西省运城市2024-2025学年高二下学期期末调研测试英语试题）While Sandeep Sadhu is busy with work, a companion robot plays fetch with his mini goldendoodle (黄金贵宾犬), Simba. The robot, named ORO, feeds, supervises, trains and entertains Simba- all while studying his behavior and getting to know him better with every interaction. “He is a great companion for Simba,” said Sadhu, who runs a construction company. Dog nannies like ORO could soon become a must among modem pet owners, as artificial intelligence advances at a remarkable rate, revolutionizing various industries — including the pet space. There are now popular AI-powered pet cameras that give treats, smart collars with disease-detection capabilities and translators that can turn a cat’s meow into human language. Machine learning — a subset of Al that enables machines to absorb information and improve accuracy — is at the forefront of the latest pet tech innovations. Although many new pet products show potential for improving health, safety and quality of life, AI is filled with possible dangers. Beyond privacy and ethical (伦理的) concerns, experts warn advanced technologies could break the precious bond between humans and animals. Philip Tedeschi — co-director of the Institute for Animal Sentience and Protection — is cautious about advanced pet technologies, namely translators and robotic companions. “We might capture data that could serve a very useful purpose, but I think the drawback is that it may actually make us less likely to meet each other’s social and emotional needs,” Tedeschi said. “I can guarantee that your dog would rather play with you than a robot. From my standpoint, technology takes some of the magic out of these relationships.” Still, he noted, AI has powerful potential to improve animals’ lives-if the well-being of our pets is the priority. “My distrust is not directed at the technology as much as it is directed at people, and whether human beings have the capacity to use it in an ethical and moral manner,” Tedeschi said. 1．What is ORO primarily designed to do? A．Replace pet owner. B．Conduct animal research. C．Monitor house security. D．Provide comprehensive pet care. 2．Why does the author mention “AI-powered pet cameras” and “smart collars”? A．To compare product effectiveness. B．To criticize technological overreach. C．To illustrate Al’s diverse applications in the pet industry. D．To explain the principle and function of machine learning. 3．What does the underlined word “nannies” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Partners B．Caregivers. C．Friends. D．Pets. 4．What concern does Tedeschi emphasize about pet technology? A．Technical breakdowns. B．Emotional disconnection C．Limited functionality. D．High maintenance costs. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·安徽芜湖·期末）The adoption of smartphones among older adults is on the rise, reflecting a broader shift toward digital inclusion. Recent studies indicate that over 60% of seniors aged 70+ in developed countries now own a smartphone, a 20% increase from five years ago. 1 Beyond basic communication, they use these devices to access health apps, navigate public transport, and engage in online learning. Many seniors are driven by the need to bridge generational gaps, as younger family members increasingly rely on mobile platforms for communication. Video calls through apps like Skype or WeChat allow them to see grandchildren grow up in real time and messaging tools make daily communication easier. 2 Besides, smartphones offer a sense of autonomy, enabling them to manage tasks independently, such as ordering groceries or scheduling doctor’s appointments without relying on others. 2 While smartphones enhance seniors’ quality of life, they also present unique problems. The small screens and complex settings can cause frustration, with nearly 40% of older users reporting difficulty mastering advanced features. 4 What’s more, cybersecurity threats, such as phishing scams (网络钓鱼) targeting older adults, add another layer of concern, making them hesitant to use mobile payment services or share personal data. Despite these difficulties, the potential of smartphones to empower older adults is undeniable. Those who overcome initial barriers often experience increased lives. 5 As societies age, investing in digital reading and writing programs and user-friendly technologies will help seniors fully use smartphones, ensuring they enjoy living in an increasingly mobile-first world. A．These challenges highlight the need for simplified apps and targeted support. B．Both relational and practical motivations contribute to this rise. C．Thus, smartphones become a vital tool for maintaining family bonds across distances. D．The convenience of mobile technology has transformed daily life for all age groups. E．Older adults are also using smartphones to regain control over their daily routines. F．This increase marks a significant departure from previous generations’ tech avoidance. G．Issues like eye problems and memory decline further complicate tech adoption. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·河南郑州·期末）A new study reveals a breakthrough in the field of snakebite treatment. Researchers, led by David Baker from the University of Washington, have designed new proteins — unlike any found in nature — that can inactivate (使……灭活) some of the most poisonous components of snakebite toxins. Snakebites represent a substantial global health issue, affecting millions of people each year. According to the World Health Organization, over 2 million people suffer from snakebites annually, with more than 100, 000 deaths and 300, 000 cases of permanent disabilities. Current treatment options, mainly obtained from animal blood, often present weaknesses, including high production costs, limited efficiency, and severe side effects, such as causing shock and breathing difficulties. With these challenges, Baker and his team have made effective use of deep learning tools to develop artificial proteins capable of attaching to and inactivating toxins. The study focuses on a specific group of snake proteins known as three-finger toxins. These toxins often avoid the immune system (免疫系统), making traditional treatments ineffective. Notably, the newly designed proteins provide significant protection against deadly amounts of three-finger toxins in mice, achieving survival rates ranging from 80% to 100%. By avoiding the lengthy and resource-intensive processes associated with traditional antibody development, this approach could lead to more accessible and affordable treatments. Also, the new proteins are smaller, allowing for greater penetration (渗透) into body systems to quickly inactivate the toxins and reduce damage. The efficiency and speed at which these proteins can be designed and produced using AI indicate a transformative shift in drug discovery processes, especially in resource-limited settings. While the study’s findings are encouraging, the researchers acknowledge that traditional antitoxins will remain central to snakebite treatment for the near future. The newly created computer-designed antitoxins can be integrated into existing treatment as additions, enhancing the overall effectiveness of established treatments. Meanwhile, scientists believe the new method employed in this study could be beneficial to tackling other diseases, potentially leading to the emergence of less expensive medicines for various health challenges. 1．Which is a disadvantage of the current snakebite treatments? A．They mainly rely on animal blood. B．They can lead to serious health risks. C．They are effective only in certain regions. D．They may leave toxins in patients’ bodies. 2．How did Baker’s team deal with the current challenges? A．By inventing deep learning tools. B．By identifying more snake toxins. C．By enhancing the immune system. D．By designing AI-generated proteins. 3．What aspect of Baker’s study is talked about in paragraph 4? A．Its advantages. B．Its strategies. C．Its procedures. D．Its limitations. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The traditional treatments are out of date. B．The existing approaches are hard to change. C．The new method might inspire other treatments. D．The new antitoxins will be the core of future methods. Passage 4 （云南省文山州、红河州联合考试2024-2025学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题）Chinese scientists at Westlake University in Zhejiang province have made an exciting discovery in solar power. They have created an extremely thin and flexible type of solar cell that can turn sunlight into electricity with a record efficiency of 23.4 percent. These cells, about as thick as a human hair, use two special materials to capture sunlight: perovskite (钙钛矿) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS,铜铟镓硒). Imagine a single perovskite solar cell as a single-layer cake. Now, think of a tandem (串联的) solar cell as a cake with multiple layers, each with a different flavor. Each layer of this cake can “catch” specific parts of sunlight. This allows the tandem solar cell to absorb more sunlight and turn it into electricity more efficiently than the “single-layer” ones, making it better than traditional solar cells. In late 2023, researchers Tian Liuwen and Wang tried new ways to coat the material. After months of testing, they found a way to create a uniform perovskite layer. This breakthrough improved efficiency and made it ready for real-world use. These thin cells could completely change how we use solar power. Because they’re flexible, you can put them on all sorts of curved surfaces, such as car roofs, building facades, or even clothing. They are also much lighter than traditional solar panels, which makes them cheaper and easier to transport and set up. This is a significant advantage, especially for space missions. With many countries around the world trying to reduce carbon emissions, these efficient, lightweight solar cells could play a vital role in moving away from fossil fuels. It seems that something as thin as a hair could help us solve some of the world’s biggest challenges. 1．Which of the following can best describe the new solar cell? A．Heavy but extremely practical. B．Hard and thick as a human hair. C．Thin, flexible, and highly efficient. D．Expensive but much easier to set up. 2．Why does the author mention “cake” in paragraph 2? A．To emphasize the high cost of materials. B．To suggest the cells are easily damaged. C．To criticize the complexity of the solar cell. D．To explain the function of the layered structure. 3．What is the primary focus of paragraph 4? A．Technical coating methods. B．Limitations of traditional panels. C．Possible applications and advantages. D．Historical development of solar cells. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Carbon emissions can be ended by the discovery. B．The solar cell has a promising and potential future. C．Fossil fuels can be stopped due to the breakthrough. D．The solar cell has been widely used in space missions. Passage 5 （24-25高二下·安徽芜湖·期末）Scientists in China have recently used a powerful tool called CRISPR to make tomatoes taste sweeter. CRISPR is a gene-editing technology that allows researchers to change specific parts of a plant’s DNA．In this case, the scientists increased the amount of natural sugars in tomatoes by about 30%, making them taste better without changing their size. The researchers focused on two genes in the tomato plant that usually reduce sugar levels as the fruit ripens. By editing these genes, they were able to keep more glucose and fructose the sugars that make tomatoes sweet—inside the fruit. The results of their study were published in the scientific journal Nature. This development is part of a larger effort to make vegetables more attractive to consumers. Other scientists are working on creating seedless blackberries that are less bitter. The idea is that if vegetables taste better, more people will want to eat them, leading to healthier diets. The success with tomatoes could also help improve other fruits like apples and pears. By using similar gene-editing techniques, scientists hope to raise the taste and quality of various crops. However, it will take several years before these gene-edited tomatoes are available in supermarkets. They must go through strict safety approvals to ensure they are safe for consumption. Gene editing is different from traditional genetic modification, which typically adds genes from other species. Gene editing makes precise changes within the plant’s own DNA．This method is considered more natural and may face fewer approval hurdles in some countries. Despite the potential benefits, there are still worries about gene-edited foods. Some people worry about the long-term effects on health and the environment. Others are concerned about labeling and the right to know what is in their food. In conclusion, the use of CRISPR to create sweeter tomatoes represents a significant improvement in agricultural science. By improving the taste of vegetables, scientists hope to encourage healthier eating habits. However, it is important to ease public concerns and ensure that these new foods are safe and properly regulated before they become widely available. 1．Why do scientists use CRISPR on tomatoes? A．To reduce glucose and fructose inside the fruit. B．To make tomatoes resistant to sugar levels as the fruit ripens. C．To develop new varieties of tomatoes to attract consumers. D．To increase the fruit’s sweetness without changing its volume. 2．Why does the article mention other projects like seedless blackberries? A．To show that CRISPR can also be used to create more vegetables. B．To prove that improving the attraction of vegetables is a broader scientific goal. C．To argue that less bitterness is the most attractive goal in gene-edited crops. D．To compare CRISPR’s effects with those of traditional farming. 3．What does the underlined word “hurdles” in paragraph 5 most likely mean? A．Challenges that could delay legal approval. B．Tests that must be scientifically repeated. C．Policies that guide international cooperation. D．Instructions that are given to researchers in advance. 4．What can be inferred about the potential impact of gene-edited tomatoes on public health? A．Their improved taste will change people’s unhealthy eating habits. B．They are expected to solve public worries. C．They may improve nutrition if accepted by the public. D．They may become widely available around the world. Passage 6 （24-25高二下·安徽芜湖·期末）If the idea of robots challenging humans in a road race makes you picture a nightmare where machines are taking over sports, then fear not, for now at least. More than 20 two-legged robots competed in the world’s first humanoid (人形机器人) half-marathon in China on Saturday, and — though technologically impressive — they were far from beating their human masters over the long distance. Teams from several companies and universities took part in the race, a showcase of China’s advances on humanoid technology. And the chief of the winning team said their robot — though beaten by the humans in this particular race — was equal to similar models from the West. Over the past few months, videos of China’s humanoid robots performing bike rides, roundhouse kicks and side flips have become popular on the Internet, with state media often promoting them as a key potential driver of economic growth. In a 2023 policy document, China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology identified the humanoid robotics industry as a “new frontier in technological competition,” setting a 2025 target for mass production and secure supply chains for essential parts. Fears have grown in recent years about how AI — and robots — may one day beat humans. And despite AI’s rapid rise in fields like security and employment, humans still lead in running — as proven by Saturday’s race. The robots competed against 12,000 human runners, running side by side with them in a fenced-off lane. Just as human runners needed to refill themselves with water, robot competitors were allowed to get new batteries during the race. Companies were also allowed to replace their robots with replacement when they could no longer compete, though each replacement came with a 10-minute delay. The first robot across the finish line, Tiangong Ultra — created by the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center — finished the route in two hours and 40 minutes. That’s nearly two hours short of the human world record of 56:42, held by Ugandan runner Jacob Kiplimo. The winner of the men’s race on Saturday finished in 1 hour and 2 minutes. 1．What is the author’s attitude toward robots racing against humans? A．Cautious but optimistic. B．Worried but hopeful. C．Sympathetic but impressed. D．Critical but confident. 2．According to the article, how did the government support the rise of humanoid robotics? A．By combining robot training with national sports programs. B．By replacing traditional marathons with robot races. C．By funding university sports teams to partner with tech companies. D．By highlighting humanoid robotics as a key area in policy. 3．Why could companies replace robots mid race, and what was the cost? A．To reduce energy costs, with a total 10-minute delay. B．To improve robot speed, but replacements cost 10 points. C．To exchange broken robots, with a 10-minute delay per replacement. D．To prevent system crashes, but replacements were banned. 4．How does the robot’s finishing time compare to humans’ in the race? A．Faster than most runners but still far from professionals. B．Close to the human winner showing remarkable progress. C．Slight gap between robots and human runners. D．Far behind human runners, with room for improvement. Passage 7 （24-25高二下·河北邢台·阶段练习）Cornell University researchers have developed a new robotic framework powered by artificial intelligence — called RHyME (Retrieval for Hybrid Imitation under Mismatched Execution) — that allows robots to learn tasks by watching a single how-to video. Historically, robots were finicky learners. They required precise, step-by-step directions to complete basic tasks and tended to call it quits when things went off script (偏离计划). RHyME, however, could fast-track the development of robotic systems by reducing the time, energy and money needed to train them. “One of the annoying things about working with robots is collecting so much data on the robot doing different tasks,” said Kushal Kedia, a doctoral student in computer science. “That’s not how humans do tasks. We look at other people as inspiration.” To help robots learn more naturally, researchers are using human demonstration videos in a lab setting, hoping robots will pick up task sequences (顺序) more quickly through this method, which is part of a machine learning approach called imitation learning. Despite these advances, home robot assistants are still far from reality because robots lack the ability to handle many unexpected situations in the physical world. One challenge is that humans move too fluidly (流畅地) for robots to copy. Training robots with videos requires careful, slow demonstrations because any mismatch between the videos and the robots’ actions can cause failure. RHyME is designed to solve this problem. It helps robots become more adaptive by allowing them to use their memory and make connections when performing tasks they have seen only once. For example, a robot that watches a person place a mug in a sink can recall similar actions from other videos and apply that knowledge. This new approach reduces the need for large amounts of training data. RHyME requires only 30 minutes of robot data. In lab tests, robots trained with RHyME showed over a 50% increase in success rates compared to earlier methods, offering a promising path toward smarter, more flexible robots. 1．What does the underlined word “finicky” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Easy-to-train. B．Adaptive. C．Quick-to-learn. D．Picky. 2．Why is video training challenging for robots? A．Human movements are too smooth to copy. B．Robots are unable to deal with tasks in order. C．Real-world environments change frequently. D．Demonstration videos often contain errors. 3．What advantage does RHyME have over traditional training methods? A．It allows robots to correct human mistakes. B．It requires minimal demonstrations. C．It helps robots avoid unexpected situations. D．It removes behavioral mismatches. 4．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．Video Learning: a Way to Get Rid of Errors B．Why Home Robots Remain a Distant Dream C．RHyME: Smarter Robots Needing Less Data D．How Home Robots Outperform Humans Passage 8 （2025高二·全国·专题练习）Chinese Scientists Develop Gene Therapy Which Could Delay AgingBy Anna Matteo 4 February 2021 Scientists in Beijing, China have developed a new gene therapy that can turn back some of the effects of aging in mice. The therapy also 1 their lives. This may one day help 2 as well. The gene therapy involved 3 a gene called kat7. Scientists have found this gene to be the main 4 of aging in cells. Qu Jing of the Institute of Zoology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences is one of the supervisors of the project. After six to eight months, Qu said that the mice showed an overall 5 in their appearance and grip strength. More importantly, she added, “They have an extended lifespan of about 25 percent.” The kat7 gene, Qu said, was most 6 in the aging of cells. It is one of tens of thousands of genes found in the cells of mammals. Researchers disabled the kat 7 gene in the livers of the mice in the study. They used a(n) 7 called “lentiviral vector” to modify the gene by inserting a genetic material into the cell. Qu said they tested the 8 of kat7 gene in different kinds of cell types, including human stem cells, human liver cells and mouse liver cells. For all those cells, the researchers could not find any cellular toxicity. And for the mice, she 9 , “We also didn’t see any side-effects yet.” Even with these 10 , Qu told Reuters, the method to disable the kat 7 gene is still a long way from being 11 for human tests. She said they need more tests in other human cells and mouse organs before 12 the method on human aging and other health 13 . Qu said she hopes to be able to 14 the method on primates next and find a way to delay aging even by a very 15 percentage... in the future. 1．A．extended B．enlarged C．struggled D．decreased 2．A．primates B．mammals C．humans D．mice 3．A．stimulating B．updating C．sustaining D．disabling 4．A．cause B．result C．explanation D．account 5．A．variation B．maturation C．improvement D．damage 6．A．caught B．absorbed C．involved D．experienced 7．A．step B．method C．arrangement D．routine 8．A．division B．decay C．working D．inheritance 9．A．argued B．debated C．swore D．added 10．A．findings B．inventions C．creations D．evidences 11．A．good B．ready C．convenient D．eager 12．A．experimenting B．designing C．applying D．providing 13．A．damages B．sufferings C．services D．conditions 14．A．train B．test C．serve D．offer 15．A．minor B．high C．large D．acceptable 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 The Internet 互联网 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow. —Bill Gates 释义：因特网正成为明日地球村的闹市广场。 ——比尔·盖茨 启示：商品、服务和信息在互联网上集聚、流通，满足人们的物质生活和精神生活的需要。该名言用闹市广场隐喻互联网，生动传神。 主题词汇积累 一、信息获取类 1. search for information - 搜索信息 2. browse online resources - 浏览在线资源 3. access digital databases - 访问数字数据库 4. stream videos/audio - 流播视频 / 音频 5. update knowledge online - 在线更新知识 二、社交互动类 1. chat with friends online - 在线与朋友聊天 2. keep in touch via social networks - 通过社交网络保持联系 3. write/blog about daily life - 写博客记录日常生活 4. participate in online conferences - 参加在线会议 5. make new friends on the Internet - 在互联网上交新朋友 三、生活便利类 1. do cashless payments - 进行无现金支付 2. order services online - 在线订购服务 3. track package deliveries - 跟踪包裹配送 4. update personal information - 更新个人信息 5. use software for daily tasks - 用软件处理日常事务 四、安全风险类 1. protect personal identity - 保护个人身份 2. avoid online scams - 避免网络诈骗 3. safeguard privacy online - 保护网络隐私 4. be cautious of fake news - 警惕虚假新闻 5. deal with stuck software - 处理软件卡顿 时文拓展阅读 (2024·重庆沙坪坝一中高一上阶段练习)Healthy eating and staying fit can be difficult. You may want to eat tasty food that is easy to prepare. You may be inspired to exercise and stay in shape. The good news is that there are apps to help you. Paprika Paprika is an app to help users plan meals, shop and cook. You can save recipes from websites and from other apps to Paprika. The app can help keep track of the foods you have in your home so when you go shopping, you know what you need to buy. MealBoard MealBoard is another app that can suggest recipes and help you plan meals. This app can suggest recipes based on the food you already have in your home. MealBoard can keep a list of what food you have and what you need to buy. This app can scan bar codes to add items to your list. Using this app, you can also note the expiration dates (失效期), so you know when your food is no longer usable. MealBoard lets users save recipes from websites and then search them by foods used in the recipes. For example, you can search for recipes that have “chocolate” in them. IEatWell The IEatWell app supports healthy eating by giving users rewards for eating the right foods. If you like earning rewards for meeting your goals, IEatWell may work well for you. Instead of measuring how much you eat. IEatWell measures how well you eat. Tell the app what you are eating for your meal. You can even add a photo. The app will rate how healthy your meal is, and then give you a reward if you are eating well. 【译文欣赏】 健康饮食和保持健康体态可能颇具难度。你或许想品尝美味且易于准备的食物，也可能受到激励去锻炼并维持良好身材。好消息是，有一些应用程序可助你达成目标。 Paprika Paprika 是一款助力用户规划膳食、购物及烹饪的应用程序。你能够从网站以及其他应用程序将食谱保存至 Paprika 。该应用可帮你记录家中现有的食物，这样当你购物时，就清楚需要买什么。 MealBoard MealBoard 是另一款能够推荐食谱并帮你规划膳食的应用程序。它可依据你家中已有的食物来推荐食谱。MealBoard 能列出你已有的食物和需要购买的食物清单。这款应用可扫描条形码，将物品添加到你的清单里。使用它，你还能记录食物的失效期，从而知晓食物何时不再可食用。MealBoard 允许用户从网站保存食谱，随后通过食谱中用到的食材搜索这些食谱。比如，你可以搜索含有 “巧克力” 的食谱。 IEatWell IEatWell 应用程序通过给予用户食用健康食物的奖励来支持健康饮食。要是你喜欢因达成目标而获得奖励，那么 IEatWell 可能很适合你。它不衡量你吃了多少，而是衡量你吃得有多健康。告知应用你这一餐吃了什么，你甚至还能添加一张照片。应用会评定你的一餐有多健康，要是你饮食健康，就会给你奖励。 【词汇积累】 英文 词性 中文释义 例句 inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 His speech inspired us to work harder. （他的演讲激励我们更努力工作 ） track v. 跟踪；记录 Keep track of your expenses. （记录你的开支 ） expiration n. 失效；到期 Check the expiration date of the milk. （检查牛奶的失效期 ） reward n./v. 奖励；回报 She got a reward for her hard work. （她因努力工作获得奖励 ） rate v. 评定；估价 Rate the quality of this product. （评定这个产品的质量 ） 【知识拓展】 在追求健康生活的道路上，我们时常会因美食的诱惑、坚持的艰辛而徘徊。这些小小的应用程序，就像生活里贴心的 “健康伙伴” ，它们用科技的力量，把复杂的健康饮食和锻炼规划变得简单、有趣。它们提醒我们，健康并非是枯燥的坚持，而是可以借助工具，把每一次的饮食选择、每一步的锻炼，都变成向着更好自己迈进的快乐旅程。就像在黑暗中找到的指引明灯，让我们明白，只要善用身边的 “小助手” ，拥抱健康生活并非遥不可及，而是一步一个小成就，慢慢积累出的美好蜕变，让我们在追求健康的路上，走得更轻松、更坚定，去遇见那个充满活力的自己。 【词汇延伸】 · inspire：派生词 inspiration（n. 灵感；鼓舞 ）、inspiring（adj. 鼓舞人心的 ） ，如 “The inspiring speech gave him inspiration.”（这场鼓舞人心的演讲给了他灵感 ） 。 · track：派生词 tracking（n. 跟踪；追踪 ）、tracker（n. 追踪器；跟踪者 ） ，像 “The package has a GPS tracker for tracking.”（这个包裹有 GPS 追踪器用于跟踪 ） 。 · reward：派生词 rewarding（adj. 有回报的；值得做的 ） ，例如 “Volunteering is a rewarding experience.”（志愿活动是一段有意义的经历 ） 。 【长难句分析】 1.句子：The app can help keep track of the foods you have in your home so when you go shopping, you know what you need to buy. · 分析： 主句是 “The app can help keep track of the foods...” ，“keep track of” 是固定短语，意为 “记录；跟踪” 。 “you have in your home” 是定语从句，修饰 “foods” ，省略了关系代词 “that/which” ，说明是 “你家里有的食物” 。 “so” 引导结果状语从句，“when you go shopping” 是时间状语从句，在结果状语从句中作时间背景，“you know what you need to buy” 是结果状语从句的主句，“what you need to buy” 是宾语从句，作 “know” 的宾语 。 2.句子：MealBoard lets users save recipes from websites and then search them by foods used in the recipes. 1. 分析： 主句是 “MealBoard lets users save recipes... and then search them...” ，“let sb do sth” 是固定结构，意为 “让某人做某事” ，这里是让用户 “save recipes（保存食谱 ）” 和 “search them（搜索食谱 ）” 。 “used in the recipes” 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “foods” ，表示 “在食谱中用到的食材” 。 3.句子：The app will rate how healthy your meal is, and then give you a reward if you are eating well. 1. 分析： 主句是由 “and” 连接的并列句，“The app will rate how healthy your meal is” 和 “then give you a reward” 并列。 “how healthy your meal is” 是宾语从句，作 “rate” 的宾语；“if you are eating well” 是条件状语从句，说明 “give you a reward（给你奖励 ）” 的条件 。 高考真题链接 （2024·北京·高考真题）The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 28．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 29．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 30．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 31．It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 【答案】28．C 29．B 30．A 31．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。 29．词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。 30．推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. (18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。 31．推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。 1.句子：Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. · 分析： 主干为 “Searching the term...returns numerous results”，动名词短语 “Searching the term” 作主语，“returns” 为谓语。 “that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation” 是定语从句，修饰 “results”，其中 “whether the universe is a computer simulation” 是宾语从句，作 “debate” 的宾语。 破折号后的 “a concept that some scientists actually take seriously” 是同位语，解释 “simulation hypothesis”，其中 “that” 引导定语从句修饰 “concept”。 · 译文：搜索 “模拟假说” 这一术语会得到许多结果，这些结果围绕 “宇宙是否是计算机模拟” 展开争论 —— 这是一个连一些科学家都认真对待的概念。 2.句子：If empirical experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. · 分析： 本句为多重复句，“If empirical experience fails to reveal reality” 是条件状语从句。 主句为 “reasoning won’t reveal reality either”，“since it relies on concepts and words...” 是原因状语从句。 “that are contingent on our social...histories” 是定语从句，修饰 “concepts and words”。 · 译文：如果实证经验无法揭示现实，推理也无法揭示现实，因为它依赖于取决于我们社会、文化和心理历史的概念与词语。 英文 词性 中文释义 例句 / 搭配 irresistible adj. 不可抗拒的 The idea of traveling is irresistible to her.（旅行的想法让她无法抗拒。） simulation hypothesis n. 模拟假说 The simulation hypothesis debates whether reality is a digital construct.（模拟假说争论现实是否为数字构造。） empirical adj. 实证的；经验的 Empirical evidence supports the theory.（实证证据支持这一理论。） contingent on 短语 取决于；依赖于 Success is contingent on hard work.（成功取决于努力。） metaphor n. 隐喻 The “clock universe” is a classic scientific metaphor.（“时钟宇宙” 是经典的科学隐喻。） insightful adj. 有洞察力的 An insightful analysis reveals hidden patterns.（有洞察力的分析揭示了隐藏的模式。） 背景知识： 1.模拟假说（Simulation Hypothesis）： 该理论认为宇宙可能是高级文明通过计算机模拟生成的虚拟世界，由哲学家尼克・博斯特罗姆（Nick Bostrom）在 21 世纪初系统提出。尽管缺乏实证支持，但它引发了科学、哲学和科技领域的广泛讨论，与 “缸中之脑”“黑客帝国” 等概念有理论关联。 2.康德的认识论（Kant's Epistemology）： 康德提出 “物自体”（things-in-themselves）概念，认为人类只能通过感官和认知能力理解 “现象世界”，而无法触及客观现实的本质。这一观点为文章中 “宇宙不可知” 的论述提供了哲学基础。 3.科学模型的隐喻本质： 科学史上，模型常基于人类熟悉的隐喻构建：牛顿时代将宇宙比作 “时钟”（机械论），爱因斯坦时代用 “粒子模型” 解释物理现象，信息时代则衍生出 “宇宙模拟” 的新隐喻。这些模型是理解工具，而非现实本身。 阅读微技能（解题技巧）： 1.推理判断题的逻辑链分析： 如第 28 题问作者挑战假说的目的，需结合第一段结尾 “We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge”，明确作者通过质疑假说转向 “利用假说来推进科学” 的建议，而非单纯论证或假设，故答案选 C。 2.词义猜测的上下文关联： 第 29 题 “contingent on” 所在句中，“since it relies on” 表明因果关系，“relies on”（依赖）与 “determined by”（由…… 决定）语义相近，可通过逻辑替换锁定 B 选项。 3.作者态度题的隐含线索抓取： 第 30 题关于作者对康德的态度，文中未直接表态，但通过 “Kant argued that...While he held...he said...” 的客观引用，以及后续 “if we accept that the universe is unknowable” 的顺承论述，可推断作者对康德观点持认可（appreciative）态度，而非怀疑或反对。 4.隐含主旨题的段落结构梳理： 第 31 题需整合第四段 “No point in arguing” 和第五段 “developing the model will be rewarding” 的核心观点：作者强调停止争论 “宇宙是否为模拟”，转而将其作为模型工具探索，对应 C 选项。 总结: 本文通过哲学假说与科学模型的交叉分析，引导读者从 “是否为模拟” 的争论转向 “如何用模拟概念推动认知”。解题时需紧扣 “假说→模型→工具” 的逻辑主线，结合长难句的结构拆解和背景知识。 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 327 文章主要讲述人工智能（AI）在宠物护理领域的应用，包括机器人ORO如何提供全面宠物照料、AI宠物产品的多样化实例、以及潜在风险。文章还探讨了专家对技术伦理问题的担忧，强调需以宠物福祉为优先。 Passage 2 七选五 说明文 254 文章主要讲述了智能手机在老年人中普及的现象、使用动机、积极影响及面临挑战。 Passage 3 阅读理解 说明文 346 文章主要介绍了一项关于蛇毒治疗的新研究，通过人工智能设计的新型蛋白质可以有效灭活蛇毒毒素，为治疗提供了新思路。 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 294 文章主要介绍了浙江西湖大学的中国科学家在太阳能领域取得了一项令人兴奋的发现，他们创造了一种极薄且灵活的太阳能电池，该电池能以23.4%的创纪录效率将阳光转化为电能，并介绍了这种电池的原理、制造突破、应用前景以及其在减少碳排放方面的潜在作用。 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 346 中国科学家用CRISPR技术编辑番茄基因使其增甜30%，这是提升蔬菜吸引力的一部分。该技术相比传统基因改造更精准，但需通过安全审批。尽管存在公众担忧，但其成功可能推动更多作物改良，促进健康饮食。 Passage 6 阅读理解 新闻报道 357 文章主要讲述了在中国举行的世界首场人形机器人半程马拉松比赛。尽管机器人在技术上令人印象深刻，但在长距离比赛中远远落后于人类。文章还提到中国政府将人形机器人产业视为技术竞争的新前沿，并阐述了比赛中机器人替换规则以及机器人与人类成绩的对比。 Passage 7 阅读理解 说明文 339 文章主要介绍了康奈尔大学研究人员开发的新型 AI 驱动机器人框架 RHyME，它能让机器人通过观看单个教学视频学习任务，减少训练数据需求并提高成功率。 Passage 8 完形填空 记叙文 323 文章主要介绍中国科学家开发的一种基因疗法，该疗法可延缓小鼠衰老并延长其寿命，未来可能应用于人类。 Passage 1 （山西省运城市2024-2025学年高二下学期期末调研测试英语试题）While Sandeep Sadhu is busy with work, a companion robot plays fetch with his mini goldendoodle (黄金贵宾犬), Simba. The robot, named ORO, feeds, supervises, trains and entertains Simba- all while studying his behavior and getting to know him better with every interaction. “He is a great companion for Simba,” said Sadhu, who runs a construction company. Dog nannies like ORO could soon become a must among modem pet owners, as artificial intelligence advances at a remarkable rate, revolutionizing various industries — including the pet space. There are now popular AI-powered pet cameras that give treats, smart collars with disease-detection capabilities and translators that can turn a cat’s meow into human language. Machine learning — a subset of Al that enables machines to absorb information and improve accuracy — is at the forefront of the latest pet tech innovations. Although many new pet products show potential for improving health, safety and quality of life, AI is filled with possible dangers. Beyond privacy and ethical (伦理的) concerns, experts warn advanced technologies could break the precious bond between humans and animals. Philip Tedeschi — co-director of the Institute for Animal Sentience and Protection — is cautious about advanced pet technologies, namely translators and robotic companions. “We might capture data that could serve a very useful purpose, but I think the drawback is that it may actually make us less likely to meet each other’s social and emotional needs,” Tedeschi said. “I can guarantee that your dog would rather play with you than a robot. From my standpoint, technology takes some of the magic out of these relationships.” Still, he noted, AI has powerful potential to improve animals’ lives-if the well-being of our pets is the priority. “My distrust is not directed at the technology as much as it is directed at people, and whether human beings have the capacity to use it in an ethical and moral manner,” Tedeschi said. 1．What is ORO primarily designed to do? A．Replace pet owner. B．Conduct animal research. C．Monitor house security. D．Provide comprehensive pet care. 2．Why does the author mention “AI-powered pet cameras” and “smart collars”? A．To compare product effectiveness. B．To criticize technological overreach. C．To illustrate Al’s diverse applications in the pet industry. D．To explain the principle and function of machine learning. 3．What does the underlined word “nannies” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Partners B．Caregivers. C．Friends. D．Pets. 4．What concern does Tedeschi emphasize about pet technology? A．Technical breakdowns. B．Emotional disconnection C．Limited functionality. D．High maintenance costs. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述人工智能（AI）在宠物护理领域的应用，包括机器人ORO如何提供全面宠物照料、AI宠物产品的多样化实例、以及潜在风险。文章还探讨了专家对技术伦理问题的担忧，强调需以宠物福祉为优先。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The robot, named ORO, feeds, supervises, trains and entertains Simba- all while studying his behavior and getting to know him better with every interaction.(这款名为“奥罗”的机器人负责为辛巴喂食、进行监督、进行训练以及为其提供娱乐——同时它还会不断观察辛巴的行为，并通过每一次互动更深入地了解他)”可知，ORO主要是为了提供全面的宠物护理服务。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“There are now popular AI-powered pet cameras that give treats, smart collars with disease-detection capabilities and translators that can turn a cat’s meow into human language.(现在有很受欢迎的由人工智能驱动的宠物摄像头，可以给狗狗喂食，有带有疾病检测功能的智能项圈，还有能够将猫的叫声转换成人类语言的翻译器)”可知，作者提及“人工智能驱动的宠物摄像头”和“智能项圈”是为了说明人工智能在宠物行业中的多种应用。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“There are now popular AI-powered pet cameras that give treats, smart collars with disease-detection capabilities and translators that can turn a cat’s meow into human language.(现在有很受欢迎的由人工智能驱动的宠物摄像头，可以给狗狗喂食，有带有疾病检测功能的智能项圈，还有能够将猫的叫声转换成人类语言的翻译器)”可知，像ORO这样的机器人，其功能是“feeds, supervises, trains and entertains”（喂食、监督、训练和娱乐），相当于宠物的“照顾者”或“保姆”。故划线词意思是“看护者”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““We might capture data that could serve a very useful purpose, but I think the drawback is that it may actually make us less likely to meet each other’s social and emotional needs,” Tedeschi said. “I can guarantee that your dog would rather play with you than a robot. From my standpoint, technology takes some of the magic out of these relationships.”(特德斯奇说：“我们或许能获取一些非常有用的数据，但我觉得其弊端在于，这可能会使我们更难满足彼此的社交和情感需求。我可以肯定的是，你的狗狗更愿意和你玩耍，而不是和机器人一起玩。从我的角度来看，技术削弱了这些关系中的某些魔力。”)”可知，特德斯基在谈到宠物科技时担忧情感上的疏离。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·安徽芜湖·期末）The adoption of smartphones among older adults is on the rise, reflecting a broader shift toward digital inclusion. Recent studies indicate that over 60% of seniors aged 70+ in developed countries now own a smartphone, a 20% increase from five years ago. 1 Beyond basic communication, they use these devices to access health apps, navigate public transport, and engage in online learning. Many seniors are driven by the need to bridge generational gaps, as younger family members increasingly rely on mobile platforms for communication. Video calls through apps like Skype or WeChat allow them to see grandchildren grow up in real time and messaging tools make daily communication easier. 2 Besides, smartphones offer a sense of autonomy, enabling them to manage tasks independently, such as ordering groceries or scheduling doctor’s appointments without relying on others. 2 While smartphones enhance seniors’ quality of life, they also present unique problems. The small screens and complex settings can cause frustration, with nearly 40% of older users reporting difficulty mastering advanced features. 4 What’s more, cybersecurity threats, such as phishing scams (网络钓鱼) targeting older adults, add another layer of concern, making them hesitant to use mobile payment services or share personal data. Despite these difficulties, the potential of smartphones to empower older adults is undeniable. Those who overcome initial barriers often experience increased lives. 5 As societies age, investing in digital reading and writing programs and user-friendly technologies will help seniors fully use smartphones, ensuring they enjoy living in an increasingly mobile-first world. A．These challenges highlight the need for simplified apps and targeted support. B．Both relational and practical motivations contribute to this rise. C．Thus, smartphones become a vital tool for maintaining family bonds across distances. D．The convenience of mobile technology has transformed daily life for all age groups. E．Older adults are also using smartphones to regain control over their daily routines. F．This increase marks a significant departure from previous generations’ tech avoidance. G．Issues like eye problems and memory decline further complicate tech adoption. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．B 4．G 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了智能手机在老年人中普及的现象、使用动机、积极影响及面临挑战。 1．由上文“Recent studies indicate that over 60% of seniors aged 70+ in developed countries now own a smartphone, a 20% increase from five years ago.(最近的研究表明，在发达国家，70岁以上的老年人中有超过60%的人现在拥有智能手机，比五年前增加了20%)”及下文“Beyond basic communication, they use these devices to access health apps, navigate public transport, and engage in online learning.(除了基本的通信，他们还使用这些设备访问健康应用程序、导航公共交通和参与在线学习)”可知，此处需强调这一增长的意义。F项“This increase marks a significant departure from previous generations’ tech avoidance.(这一增长标志着与前几代人对技术的回避相比有了重大转变)”中“This increase”指代前文“60%的拥有率”，强调老年人对科技态度的转变，既承接上文数据，又为下文“超越基本通信”的多样化用途做铺垫，符合逻辑。故选F项。 2．由上文“Video calls through apps like Skype or WeChat allow them to see grandchildren grow up in real time and messaging tools make daily communication easier.(通过Skype或微信等应用程序进行视频通话，可以让他们实时看到孙辈的成长，而消息工具则让日常交流更加轻松)”强调视频通话和消息工具便于家庭沟通；C项“Thus, smartphones become a vital tool for maintaining family bonds across distances.(因此，智能手机成为维持远距离家庭关系的重要工具)”与上文构成因果关系，“Thus”总结前文视频通话的作用，符合逻辑。故选C项。 3．由上文“Besides, smartphones after a sense of autonomy, enabling them to manage tasks independently, such as ordering groceries or scheduling doctor’s appointments without relying on others.(此外，智能手机还带来了一种自主感，使他们能够独立完成任务，例如订购杂货或预约医生而不依赖他人)”及下文“While smartphones enhance seniors’ quality of life, they also present unique problems.(虽然智能手机提高了老年人的生活质量，但也带来了独特的问题)”可知，此处需总结智能手机对老年人生活自主性的影响。B项“Both relational and practical motivations contribute to this rise.(人际关系和实际需求这两种动机促成了这一增长)”中“Both relational and practical motivations”分别对应前文的两种原因，“contribute to this rise”总结前文，起到段落收尾的作用。故选B项。 4．由上文“The small screens and complex settings can cause frustration, with nearly 40% of older users reporting difficulty mastering advanced features.(小屏幕和复杂的设置可能会令人沮丧，近40%的老年用户表示难以掌握高级功能)”及下文“What’s more, cybersecurity threats, such as phishing scams (网络钓鱼) targeting older adults, add another layer of concern, making them hesitant to use mobile payment services or share personal data.(此外，针对老年人的网络钓鱼等网络安全威胁增加了另一层担忧，使他们对使用移动支付服务或共享个人数据犹豫不决)”可知，此处需总结智能手机对老年人使用的挑战。G项“Issues like eye problems and memory decline further complicate tech adoption.(视力问题和记忆力衰退等问题进一步增加了技术采用的难度)”中“further”承接前文“屏幕和设置问题”，“eye problems and memory decline”具体说明老年人面临的生理障碍，与后文“网络安全威胁”形成并列，共同强调技术适老化改造的必要性。故选G项。 5．由上文“While smartphones enhance seniors’ quality of life, they also present unique problems.(虽然智能手机提高了老年人的生活质量，但也带来了独特的问题)”及下文“As societies age, investing in digital reading and writing programs and user-friendly technologies will help seniors fully use smartphones, ensuring they enjoy living in an increasingly mobile-first world.(随着社会老龄化，投资数字读写项目和用户友好型技术将帮助老年人充分利用智能手机，确保他们享受生活在日益移动优先的世界中)”可知，此处需提出解决老年人使用智能手机问题的建议。A项“These challenges highlight the need for simplified apps and targeted support.(这些挑战凸显了简化应用程序和提供针对性支持的必要性)”中“These challenges”指代前文“屏幕、设置、网络安全等问题”，“simplified apps and targeted support”与后文“user-friendly technologies”呼应，既总结问题，又引出解决方案，符合逻辑。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·河南郑州·期末）A new study reveals a breakthrough in the field of snakebite treatment. Researchers, led by David Baker from the University of Washington, have designed new proteins — unlike any found in nature — that can inactivate (使……灭活) some of the most poisonous components of snakebite toxins. Snakebites represent a substantial global health issue, affecting millions of people each year. According to the World Health Organization, over 2 million people suffer from snakebites annually, with more than 100, 000 deaths and 300, 000 cases of permanent disabilities. Current treatment options, mainly obtained from animal blood, often present weaknesses, including high production costs, limited efficiency, and severe side effects, such as causing shock and breathing difficulties. With these challenges, Baker and his team have made effective use of deep learning tools to develop artificial proteins capable of attaching to and inactivating toxins. The study focuses on a specific group of snake proteins known as three-finger toxins. These toxins often avoid the immune system (免疫系统), making traditional treatments ineffective. Notably, the newly designed proteins provide significant protection against deadly amounts of three-finger toxins in mice, achieving survival rates ranging from 80% to 100%. By avoiding the lengthy and resource-intensive processes associated with traditional antibody development, this approach could lead to more accessible and affordable treatments. Also, the new proteins are smaller, allowing for greater penetration (渗透) into body systems to quickly inactivate the toxins and reduce damage. The efficiency and speed at which these proteins can be designed and produced using AI indicate a transformative shift in drug discovery processes, especially in resource-limited settings. While the study’s findings are encouraging, the researchers acknowledge that traditional antitoxins will remain central to snakebite treatment for the near future. The newly created computer-designed antitoxins can be integrated into existing treatment as additions, enhancing the overall effectiveness of established treatments. Meanwhile, scientists believe the new method employed in this study could be beneficial to tackling other diseases, potentially leading to the emergence of less expensive medicines for various health challenges. 1．Which is a disadvantage of the current snakebite treatments? A．They mainly rely on animal blood. B．They can lead to serious health risks. C．They are effective only in certain regions. D．They may leave toxins in patients’ bodies. 2．How did Baker’s team deal with the current challenges? A．By inventing deep learning tools. B．By identifying more snake toxins. C．By enhancing the immune system. D．By designing AI-generated proteins. 3．What aspect of Baker’s study is talked about in paragraph 4? A．Its advantages. B．Its strategies. C．Its procedures. D．Its limitations. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The traditional treatments are out of date. B．The existing approaches are hard to change. C．The new method might inspire other treatments. D．The new antitoxins will be the core of future methods. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于蛇毒治疗的新研究，通过人工智能设计的新型蛋白质可以有效灭活蛇毒毒素，为治疗提供了新思路。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Current treatment options, mainly obtained from animal blood, often present weaknesses, including high production costs, limited efficiency, and severe side effects, such as causing shock and breathing difficulties.(目前的治疗方法主要从动物血液中获取，常常存在缺陷，包括生产成本高、效率有限以及严重的副作用，如引起休克和呼吸困难。)”可知，当前蛇咬伤治疗方法的一个缺点是可能导致严重的健康风险。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“With these challenges, Baker and his team have made effective use of deep learning tools to develop artificial proteins capable of attaching to and inactivating toxins.(面对这些挑战，Baker和他的团队有效地利用了深度学习工具，开发出了能够附着并灭活毒素的人工蛋白质。)”可知，Baker的团队通过设计人工智能生成的蛋白质来应对当前挑战。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“By avoiding the lengthy and resource-intensive processes associated with traditional antibody development, this approach could lead to more accessible and affordable treatments. Also, the new proteins are smaller, allowing for greater penetration into body systems to quickly inactivate the toxins and reduce damage. The efficiency and speed at which these proteins can be designed and produced using AI indicate a transformative shift in drug discovery processes, especially in resource-limited settings.(这种方法避免了与传统抗体开发相关的漫长且资源密集的过程，可以带来更易获得和负担得起的治疗方法。此外，新蛋白质更小，能够更深入地渗透到身体系统中，迅速灭活毒素并减少损害。使用人工智能设计和生产这些蛋白质的效率和速度表明，药物发现过程发生了变革性转变，特别是在资源有限的环境中。)”可知，第四段主要介绍了Baker研究的优点。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Meanwhile, scientists believe the new method employed in this study could be beneficial to tackling other diseases, potentially leading to the emergence of less expensive medicines for various health challenges. (同时，科学家认为这项研究中采用的新方法可能有助于解决其他疾病，从而可能为各种健康挑战提供更便宜的药物。)”可知，新方法可能为其他治疗提供灵感。故选C项。 Passage 4 （云南省文山州、红河州联合考试2024-2025学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题）Chinese scientists at Westlake University in Zhejiang province have made an exciting discovery in solar power. They have created an extremely thin and flexible type of solar cell that can turn sunlight into electricity with a record efficiency of 23.4 percent. These cells, about as thick as a human hair, use two special materials to capture sunlight: perovskite (钙钛矿) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS,铜铟镓硒). Imagine a single perovskite solar cell as a single-layer cake. Now, think of a tandem (串联的) solar cell as a cake with multiple layers, each with a different flavor. Each layer of this cake can “catch” specific parts of sunlight. This allows the tandem solar cell to absorb more sunlight and turn it into electricity more efficiently than the “single-layer” ones, making it better than traditional solar cells. In late 2023, researchers Tian Liuwen and Wang tried new ways to coat the material. After months of testing, they found a way to create a uniform perovskite layer. This breakthrough improved efficiency and made it ready for real-world use. These thin cells could completely change how we use solar power. Because they’re flexible, you can put them on all sorts of curved surfaces, such as car roofs, building facades, or even clothing. They are also much lighter than traditional solar panels, which makes them cheaper and easier to transport and set up. This is a significant advantage, especially for space missions. With many countries around the world trying to reduce carbon emissions, these efficient, lightweight solar cells could play a vital role in moving away from fossil fuels. It seems that something as thin as a hair could help us solve some of the world’s biggest challenges. 1．Which of the following can best describe the new solar cell? A．Heavy but extremely practical. B．Hard and thick as a human hair. C．Thin, flexible, and highly efficient. D．Expensive but much easier to set up. 2．Why does the author mention “cake” in paragraph 2? A．To emphasize the high cost of materials. B．To suggest the cells are easily damaged. C．To criticize the complexity of the solar cell. D．To explain the function of the layered structure. 3．What is the primary focus of paragraph 4? A．Technical coating methods. B．Limitations of traditional panels. C．Possible applications and advantages. D．Historical development of solar cells. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Carbon emissions can be ended by the discovery. B．The solar cell has a promising and potential future. C．Fossil fuels can be stopped due to the breakthrough. D．The solar cell has been widely used in space missions. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了浙江西湖大学的中国科学家在太阳能领域取得了一项令人兴奋的发现，他们创造了一种极薄且灵活的太阳能电池，该电池能以23.4%的创纪录效率将阳光转化为电能，并介绍了这种电池的原理、制造突破、应用前景以及其在减少碳排放方面的潜在作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“They have created an extremely thin and flexible type of solar cell that can turn sunlight into electricity with a record efficiency of 23.4 percent. (他们创造了一种极薄且灵活的太阳能电池，该电池能以23.4%的创纪录效率将阳光转化为电能。)”可知，这种新型太阳能电池薄、灵活且高效。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Imagine a single perovskite solar cell as a single-layer cake. Now, think of a tandem (串联的) solar cell as a cake with multiple layers, each with a different flavor. Each layer of this cake can “catch” specific parts of sunlight. This allows the tandem solar cell to absorb more sunlight and turn it into electricity more efficiently than the “single-layer” ones, making it better than traditional solar cells. (想象一下，单个钙钛矿太阳能电池就像一个单层蛋糕。现在，把串联太阳能电池想象成一个有多层的蛋糕，每一层都有不同的味道。这个蛋糕的每一层都能“捕捉”阳光的特定部分。这使得串联太阳能电池比“单层”太阳能电池能更有效地吸收更多的阳光并将其转化为电能，使其比传统太阳能电池更好。)”可推知，作者提到“蛋糕”是为了解释这种串联太阳能电池的分层结构的功能。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“These thin cells could completely change how we use solar power. Because they’re flexible, you can put them on all sorts of curved surfaces, such as car roofs, building facades, or even clothing. They are also much lighter than traditional solar panels, which makes them cheaper and easier to transport and set up. This is a significant advantage, especially for space missions. (这些薄电池可以彻底改变我们使用太阳能的方式。因为它们是灵活的，你可以把它们放在各种曲面上，比如车顶、建筑外墙，甚至衣服上。它们也比传统的太阳能电池板轻得多，这使得它们更便宜，更容易运输和安装。这是一个显著的优势，特别是对于太空任务。)”可知，第四段主要介绍了这种新型太阳能电池的可能应用和优势。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With many countries around the world trying to reduce carbon emissions, these efficient, lightweight solar cells could play a vital role in moving away from fossil fuels. It seems that something as thin as a hair could help us solve some of the world’s biggest challenges. (随着世界上许多国家都在努力减少碳排放，这些高效、轻便的太阳能电池可以在摆脱化石燃料方面发挥至关重要的作用。看起来，像头发一样细的东西可以帮助我们解决世界上一些最大的挑战。)”可推知，这种太阳能电池有着光明和有潜力的未来。故选B项。 Passage 5 （24-25高二下·安徽芜湖·期末）Scientists in China have recently used a powerful tool called CRISPR to make tomatoes taste sweeter. CRISPR is a gene-editing technology that allows researchers to change specific parts of a plant’s DNA．In this case, the scientists increased the amount of natural sugars in tomatoes by about 30%, making them taste better without changing their size. The researchers focused on two genes in the tomato plant that usually reduce sugar levels as the fruit ripens. By editing these genes, they were able to keep more glucose and fructose the sugars that make tomatoes sweet—inside the fruit. The results of their study were published in the scientific journal Nature. This development is part of a larger effort to make vegetables more attractive to consumers. Other scientists are working on creating seedless blackberries that are less bitter. The idea is that if vegetables taste better, more people will want to eat them, leading to healthier diets. The success with tomatoes could also help improve other fruits like apples and pears. By using similar gene-editing techniques, scientists hope to raise the taste and quality of various crops. However, it will take several years before these gene-edited tomatoes are available in supermarkets. They must go through strict safety approvals to ensure they are safe for consumption. Gene editing is different from traditional genetic modification, which typically adds genes from other species. Gene editing makes precise changes within the plant’s own DNA．This method is considered more natural and may face fewer approval hurdles in some countries. Despite the potential benefits, there are still worries about gene-edited foods. Some people worry about the long-term effects on health and the environment. Others are concerned about labeling and the right to know what is in their food. In conclusion, the use of CRISPR to create sweeter tomatoes represents a significant improvement in agricultural science. By improving the taste of vegetables, scientists hope to encourage healthier eating habits. However, it is important to ease public concerns and ensure that these new foods are safe and properly regulated before they become widely available. 1．Why do scientists use CRISPR on tomatoes? A．To reduce glucose and fructose inside the fruit. B．To make tomatoes resistant to sugar levels as the fruit ripens. C．To develop new varieties of tomatoes to attract consumers. D．To increase the fruit’s sweetness without changing its volume. 2．Why does the article mention other projects like seedless blackberries? A．To show that CRISPR can also be used to create more vegetables. B．To prove that improving the attraction of vegetables is a broader scientific goal. C．To argue that less bitterness is the most attractive goal in gene-edited crops. D．To compare CRISPR’s effects with those of traditional farming. 3．What does the underlined word “hurdles” in paragraph 5 most likely mean? A．Challenges that could delay legal approval. B．Tests that must be scientifically repeated. C．Policies that guide international cooperation. D．Instructions that are given to researchers in advance. 4．What can be inferred about the potential impact of gene-edited tomatoes on public health? A．Their improved taste will change people’s unhealthy eating habits. B．They are expected to solve public worries. C．They may improve nutrition if accepted by the public. D．They may become widely available around the world. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国科学家用CRISPR技术编辑番茄基因使其增甜30%，这是提升蔬菜吸引力的一部分。该技术相比传统基因改造更精准，但需通过安全审批。尽管存在公众担忧，但其成功可能推动更多作物改良，促进健康饮食。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In this case, the scientists increased the amount of natural sugars in tomatoes by about 30%, making them taste better without changing their size.(在这种情况下，科学家们将西红柿中的天然糖分含量提高了约 30%，从而使西红柿口感更佳，同时其大小并未发生改变)”可知，科学家在西红柿中使用 CRISPR 技术是为了在不改变果实体积的情况下提高其甜度。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“This development is part of a larger effort to make vegetables more attractive to consumers. Other scientists are working on creating seedless blackberries that are less bitter. The idea is that if vegetables taste better, more people will want to eat them, leading to healthier diets.(这一进展是更大规模努力的一部分，旨在让蔬菜更受消费者青睐。其他科学家正在研发无籽且口感较淡的黑莓品种。他们的想法是，如果蔬菜的味道更好，那么会有更多的人愿意食用它们，从而促进更健康的饮食习惯的形成)”可知，这篇文章提及诸如无籽黑莓之类的其他项目是为了以此来证明提高蔬菜的吸引力是一个更广泛的科学目标。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“They must go through strict safety approvals to ensure they are safe for consumption.(它们必须经过严格的安全审批，以确保食用安全)”以及划线词上文“This method is considered more natural and may face fewer approval(这种方法被认为更为自然，并且在一些国家可能面临更少的……)”可知，hurdles指审批过程中的“障碍”，故划线词意思是“可能会阻碍法律审批的种种障碍”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“The idea is that if vegetables taste better, more people will want to eat them, leading to healthier diets.(其理念在于，如果蔬菜的味道更好了，那么就会有更多的人愿意去食用它们，从而促进人们形成更健康的饮食习惯)”以及最后一段“By improving the taste of vegetables, scientists hope to encourage healthier eating habits.(通过提升蔬菜的味道，科学家们希望能够鼓励人们养成更健康的饮食习惯)”可知，如果能被公众接受，基因编辑西红柿或许能够改善人们的营养状况。故选C。 Passage 6 （24-25高二下·安徽芜湖·期末）If the idea of robots challenging humans in a road race makes you picture a nightmare where machines are taking over sports, then fear not, for now at least. More than 20 two-legged robots competed in the world’s first humanoid (人形机器人) half-marathon in China on Saturday, and — though technologically impressive — they were far from beating their human masters over the long distance. Teams from several companies and universities took part in the race, a showcase of China’s advances on humanoid technology. And the chief of the winning team said their robot — though beaten by the humans in this particular race — was equal to similar models from the West. Over the past few months, videos of China’s humanoid robots performing bike rides, roundhouse kicks and side flips have become popular on the Internet, with state media often promoting them as a key potential driver of economic growth. In a 2023 policy document, China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology identified the humanoid robotics industry as a “new frontier in technological competition,” setting a 2025 target for mass production and secure supply chains for essential parts. Fears have grown in recent years about how AI — and robots — may one day beat humans. And despite AI’s rapid rise in fields like security and employment, humans still lead in running — as proven by Saturday’s race. The robots competed against 12,000 human runners, running side by side with them in a fenced-off lane. Just as human runners needed to refill themselves with water, robot competitors were allowed to get new batteries during the race. Companies were also allowed to replace their robots with replacement when they could no longer compete, though each replacement came with a 10-minute delay. The first robot across the finish line, Tiangong Ultra — created by the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center — finished the route in two hours and 40 minutes. That’s nearly two hours short of the human world record of 56:42, held by Ugandan runner Jacob Kiplimo. The winner of the men’s race on Saturday finished in 1 hour and 2 minutes. 1．What is the author’s attitude toward robots racing against humans? A．Cautious but optimistic. B．Worried but hopeful. C．Sympathetic but impressed. D．Critical but confident. 2．According to the article, how did the government support the rise of humanoid robotics? A．By combining robot training with national sports programs. B．By replacing traditional marathons with robot races. C．By funding university sports teams to partner with tech companies. D．By highlighting humanoid robotics as a key area in policy. 3．Why could companies replace robots mid race, and what was the cost? A．To reduce energy costs, with a total 10-minute delay. B．To improve robot speed, but replacements cost 10 points. C．To exchange broken robots, with a 10-minute delay per replacement. D．To prevent system crashes, but replacements were banned. 4．How does the robot’s finishing time compare to humans’ in the race? A．Faster than most runners but still far from professionals. B．Close to the human winner showing remarkable progress. C．Slight gap between robots and human runners. D．Far behind human runners, with room for improvement. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了在中国举行的世界首场人形机器人半程马拉松比赛。尽管机器人在技术上令人印象深刻，但在长距离比赛中远远落后于人类。文章还提到中国政府将人形机器人产业视为技术竞争的新前沿，并阐述了比赛中机器人替换规则以及机器人与人类成绩的对比。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“If the idea of robots challenging humans in a road race makes you picture a nightmare where machines are taking over sports, then fear not, for now at least.(如果机器人在公路赛跑中挑战人类的想法，让你脑海中浮现出机器接管体育赛事的噩梦场景，那么至少现在不必担忧)” 可知，作者针对机器人挑战人类这一设想，提醒读者现阶段无需恐惧，这反映出作者谨慎的态度，即认识到该现象但觉得目前没有严重威胁。再根据第二段“More than 20 two - legged robots competed in the world’s first humanoid half - marathon in China on Saturday, and—though technologically impressive—they were far from beating their human masters over the long distance.(周六，20 多台双足机器人在中国参加了世界首场人形机器人半程马拉松比赛，尽管它们在技术上令人赞叹，但在长距离上远远无法战胜人类)”可知，这里提到机器人在技术方面令人印象深刻，暗示作者对机器人技术发展的肯定，体现出乐观的态度。综上，作者的态度是谨慎但乐观的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In a 2023 policy document, China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology identified the humanoid robotics industry as a “new frontier in technological competition,” setting a 2025 target for mass production and secure supply chains for essential parts.(在 2023 年的一份政策文件中，中国工业和信息化部将人形机器人产业确定为“技术竞争的新前沿”，设定了到 2025 年实现大规模生产和关键零部件供应链安全的目标)” 可知，政府通过在政策中突出人形机器人作为关键领域来支持其发展。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Companies were also allowed to replace their robots with replacement when they could no longer compete, though each replacement came with a 10 - minute delay.(当机器人无法继续比赛时，公司也被允许更换机器人，不过每次更换会有 10 分钟的延迟)” 可知，公司更换机器人是因为机器人无法继续比赛，即更换损坏的机器人，且每次更换有 10 分钟延迟。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The first robot across the finish line, Tiangong Ultra—created by the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center—finished the route in two hours and 40 minutes. That’s nearly two hours short of the human world record of 56:42, held by Ugandan runner Jacob Kiplimo. The winner of the men’s race on Saturday finished in 1 hour and 2 minutes.(第一个冲过终点线的机器人，由北京人形机器人创新中心制造的Tiangong Ultra，用时 2 小时 40 分钟完成赛程。这比乌干达选手雅各布・基普利莫保持的 56 分 42 秒的人类世界纪录慢了近两个小时。周六男子比赛的冠军用时 1 小时 2 分钟完赛)” 可知，机器人的完赛时间远远落后于人类选手，还有很大的提升空间。故选D。 Passage 7 （24-25高二下·河北邢台·阶段练习）Cornell University researchers have developed a new robotic framework powered by artificial intelligence — called RHyME (Retrieval for Hybrid Imitation under Mismatched Execution) — that allows robots to learn tasks by watching a single how-to video. Historically, robots were finicky learners. They required precise, step-by-step directions to complete basic tasks and tended to call it quits when things went off script (偏离计划). RHyME, however, could fast-track the development of robotic systems by reducing the time, energy and money needed to train them. “One of the annoying things about working with robots is collecting so much data on the robot doing different tasks,” said Kushal Kedia, a doctoral student in computer science. “That’s not how humans do tasks. We look at other people as inspiration.” To help robots learn more naturally, researchers are using human demonstration videos in a lab setting, hoping robots will pick up task sequences (顺序) more quickly through this method, which is part of a machine learning approach called imitation learning. Despite these advances, home robot assistants are still far from reality because robots lack the ability to handle many unexpected situations in the physical world. One challenge is that humans move too fluidly (流畅地) for robots to copy. Training robots with videos requires careful, slow demonstrations because any mismatch between the videos and the robots’ actions can cause failure. RHyME is designed to solve this problem. It helps robots become more adaptive by allowing them to use their memory and make connections when performing tasks they have seen only once. For example, a robot that watches a person place a mug in a sink can recall similar actions from other videos and apply that knowledge. This new approach reduces the need for large amounts of training data. RHyME requires only 30 minutes of robot data. In lab tests, robots trained with RHyME showed over a 50% increase in success rates compared to earlier methods, offering a promising path toward smarter, more flexible robots. 1．What does the underlined word “finicky” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Easy-to-train. B．Adaptive. C．Quick-to-learn. D．Picky. 2．Why is video training challenging for robots? A．Human movements are too smooth to copy. B．Robots are unable to deal with tasks in order. C．Real-world environments change frequently. D．Demonstration videos often contain errors. 3．What advantage does RHyME have over traditional training methods? A．It allows robots to correct human mistakes. B．It requires minimal demonstrations. C．It helps robots avoid unexpected situations. D．It removes behavioral mismatches. 4．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．Video Learning: a Way to Get Rid of Errors B．Why Home Robots Remain a Distant Dream C．RHyME: Smarter Robots Needing Less Data D．How Home Robots Outperform Humans 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了康奈尔大学研究人员开发的新型 AI 驱动机器人框架 RHyME，它能让机器人通过观看单个教学视频学习任务，减少训练数据需求并提高成功率。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Historically, robots were finicky learners. They required precise, step-by-step directions to complete basic tasks and tended to call it quits when things went off script (偏离计划). (从历史上看，机器人是finicky的学习者。它们需要精确、循序渐进的指导来完成基本任务，一旦事情偏离计划，它们往往会放弃)”可知，机器人需要精确、循序渐进的指导，一旦事情偏离计划，它们往往会放弃，说明机器人对学习条件很挑剔。由此猜测，划线词finicky与Picky“挑剔的”意思接近。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“One challenge is that humans move too fluidly (流畅地) for robots to copy. Training robots with videos requires careful, slow demonstrations because any mismatch between the videos and the robots’ actions can cause failure. (一个挑战是，人类的动作过于流畅，机器人无法模仿。用视频训练机器人需要仔细、缓慢的演示，因为视频和机器人动作之间的任何不匹配都可能导致失败)”可知，视频训练对机器人来说具有挑战性是因为人类的动作过于流畅，机器人无法模仿。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This new approach reduces the need for large amounts of training data. RHyME requires only 30 minutes of robot data. (这种新方法减少了对大量训练数据的需求。RHyME只需要30分钟的机器人数据)”可知，RHyME与传统训练方法相比的优势在于它需要的演示最少。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Cornell University researchers have developed a new robotic framework powered by artificial intelligence — called RHyME (Retrieval for Hybrid Imitation under Mismatched Execution) — that allows robots to learn tasks by watching a single how-to video. (康奈尔大学的研究人员开发了一种由人工智能驱动的新型机器人框架 —— 称为RHyME（执行不匹配情况下的混合模仿检索）—— 允许机器人通过观看一段操作视频来学习任务)”以及倒数第二段中“RHyME is designed to solve this problem. It helps robots become more adaptive by allowing them to use their memory and make connections when performing tasks they have seen only once. (RHyME旨在解决这个问题。它通过允许机器人在执行只看过一次的任务时使用它们的记忆并建立联系，帮助机器人变得更具适应性)”可知，本文主要介绍了康奈尔大学的研究人员开发了一种新型机器人框架RHyME，它允许机器人通过观看一段操作视频来学习任务，减少了训练机器人所需的时间、精力和金钱，且只需要少量的机器人数据。由此可知，C项“RHyME: Smarter Robots Needing Less Data (RHyME：需要更少数据的更智能的机器人)”适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 8 （2025高二·全国·专题练习）Chinese Scientists Develop Gene Therapy Which Could Delay AgingBy Anna Matteo 4 February 2021 Scientists in Beijing, China have developed a new gene therapy that can turn back some of the effects of aging in mice. The therapy also 1 their lives. This may one day help 2 as well. The gene therapy involved 3 a gene called kat7. Scientists have found this gene to be the main 4 of aging in cells. Qu Jing of the Institute of Zoology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences is one of the supervisors of the project. After six to eight months, Qu said that the mice showed an overall 5 in their appearance and grip strength. More importantly, she added, “They have an extended lifespan of about 25 percent.” The kat7 gene, Qu said, was most 6 in the aging of cells. It is one of tens of thousands of genes found in the cells of mammals. Researchers disabled the kat 7 gene in the livers of the mice in the study. They used a(n) 7 called “lentiviral vector” to modify the gene by inserting a genetic material into the cell. Qu said they tested the 8 of kat7 gene in different kinds of cell types, including human stem cells, human liver cells and mouse liver cells. For all those cells, the researchers could not find any cellular toxicity. And for the mice, she 9 , “We also didn’t see any side-effects yet.” Even with these 10 , Qu told Reuters, the method to disable the kat 7 gene is still a long way from being 11 for human tests. She said they need more tests in other human cells and mouse organs before 12 the method on human aging and other health 13 . Qu said she hopes to be able to 14 the method on primates next and find a way to delay aging even by a very 15 percentage... in the future. 1．A．extended B．enlarged C．struggled D．decreased 2．A．primates B．mammals C．humans D．mice 3．A．stimulating B．updating C．sustaining D．disabling 4．A．cause B．result C．explanation D．account 5．A．variation B．maturation C．improvement D．damage 6．A．caught B．absorbed C．involved D．experienced 7．A．step B．method C．arrangement D．routine 8．A．division B．decay C．working D．inheritance 9．A．argued B．debated C．swore D．added 10．A．findings B．inventions C．creations D．evidences 11．A．good B．ready C．convenient D．eager 12．A．experimenting B．designing C．applying D．providing 13．A．damages B．sufferings C．services D．conditions 14．A．train B．test C．serve D．offer 15．A．minor B．high C．large D．acceptable 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国科学家开发的一种基因疗法，该疗法可延缓小鼠衰老并延长其寿命，未来可能应用于人类。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种疗法还延长了它们的寿命。A. extended延长；B. enlarged扩大；C. struggled奋斗；D. decreased减少。根据下文“They have an extended lifespan of about 25 percent.”可知，这种疗法延长了老鼠的寿命。故选A项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能有一天也会对人类有所帮助。A. primates灵长类动物；B. mammals哺乳动物；C. humans人类；D. mice老鼠。根据上文“Scientists in Beijing, China have developed a new gene therapy that can turn back some of the effects of aging in mice.”可知，这种疗法在老鼠身上取得了成功，未来可能对人类也有帮助。故选C项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：基因疗法涉及禁用一种叫做kat7的基因。A. stimulating刺激；B. updating更新；C. sustaining维持；D. disabling禁用。根据下文“Researchers disabled the kat7 gene in the livers of the mice in the study.”可知，基因疗法涉及禁用kat7基因。故选D项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们发现这种基因是细胞衰老的主要原因。A. cause原因；B. result结果；C. explanation解释；D. account账户。根据语境可知，kat7基因是细胞衰老的主要原因。故选A项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在六到八个月后，Qu说老鼠的外表和握力总体上有所改善。A. variation变化；B. maturation成熟；C. improvement改善；D. damage损害。根据下文“They have an extended lifespan of about 25 percent.”可知，老鼠的外表和握力有所改善。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Qu说，kat7基因在细胞衰老中最为关键。A. caught抓住；B. absorbed吸收；C. involved涉及；D. experienced经历。根据语境可知，“be involved in”为固定搭配，意为“参与；涉及”，此处指该基因在衰老过程中起主要作用。故选C项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员在研究中禁用了小鼠肝脏中的kat方法基因。A. step步骤；B. method方法；C. arrangement安排；D. routine例行公事。根据语境可知，“lentiviral vector”是一种技术方法，研究人员使用了一种方法来修改基因。故选B项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Qu说他们在不同类型的细胞中测试了kat7基因的功能。A. division分裂；B. decay衰退；C. working工作；D. inheritance继承。根据下文“For all those cells, the researchers could not find any cellular toxicity.”可知，实验目的是检测基因的作用，即是否产生毒性。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于老鼠来说，她补充道：“我们还没有看到任何副作用。”A. argued争论；B. debated辩论；C. swore发誓；D. added补充。根据上文“Qu said they tested the 　　8　　 of kat7 gene in different kinds of cell types, including human stem cells, human liver cells and mouse liver cells.”可知，此处是对前文内容的补充说明，Qu补充说明了研究结果。故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有这些发现，Qu告诉路透社，禁用kat7基因的方法距离用于人类试验还有很长的路要走。A. findings发现；B. inventions发明；C. creations创造；D. evidences证据。根据前文的研究结果可知，这里指的是研究发现。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管有这些发现，Qu告诉路透社，禁用kat7基因的方法距离用于人类试验还有很长的路要走。A. good好的；B. ready准备好的；C. convenient方便的；D. eager渴望的。根据下文“She said they need more tests in other human cells and mouse organs before 　　12　　 the method on human aging and other health 　　13　　.”可知，这种方法还没有准备好用于人类试验。故选B项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Qu说，在将这种方法应用于人类衰老和其他健康状况之前，他们需要在其他人类细胞和小鼠器官中进行更多的测试。A. experimenting实验；B. designing设计；C. applying应用；D. providing提供。“experiment on”意为“在……上做实验”，研究人员需要在其他细胞和器官中进行更多的实验，才能将这种方法应用于人类。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Qu说，在将这种方法应用于人类衰老和其他健康状况之前，他们需要在其他人类细胞和小鼠器官中进行更多的测试。A. damages损害；B. sufferings痛苦；C. services服务；D. conditions状况。“health conditions”为固定搭配，意为“健康状况”，指这种方法可能用于治疗人类衰老和其他健康状况。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Qu说，她希望接下来能够在灵长类动物身上测试这种方法，并找到一种方法来延缓衰老，即使是很小的百分比。A. train训练；B. test测试；C. serve服务；D. offer提供。根据上文“She said they need more tests in other human cells and mouse organs before 　　12　　 the method on human aging and other health 　　13　　.”可知，技术需在灵长类中进一步测试。故选B项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：说，她希望接下来能够在灵长类动物身上测试这种方法，并找到一种方法来延缓衰老，即使是很小的百分比。A. minor较小的，轻微的；B. high高的；C. large大的；D. acceptable可接受的。“minor”意为“较小的，轻微的”，与even呼应，强调即使效果轻微也有意义。故选A项。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$