2025年安徽省中职英语一轮复习课件 Unit 8 Role Models of the Times
2025-07-06
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基础模块3
Unit 8 Role Models of the Times
单元导读
本单元主要考查学生对各行各业榜样的认识,要求学生掌握介绍这些榜样时
用到的词汇和句型。语法考查非谓语动词作状语。词汇、短语的辨析和句型通常
混合在一起,结合当前热点话题出一些高质量词汇题,这也是近几年对口升学考
试中命题的走向。在一轮复习中要能灵活运用本单元所掌握的知识来解题,同时
有针对性地训练阅读技巧,改进学习方法,以从容面对每一次考试。
知识精讲
精讲一 词 汇
1. admire v.敬佩
【课文再现】
I admire doctors like Zhong Nanshan.我钦佩像钟南山一样的医生。
【归纳拓展】
(1)admiration n.敬佩;钦佩。
(2)admire+sb./sth.钦佩/欣赏某人或某事。如:
I admire Li Lei.我钦佩李雷。
(3)admire+sb.+for sth.因某事/物佩服某人。如:
I admire you for your behavior.我因你的行为而佩服你。
【典型例题】
I really your enthusiasm.
A. keep B. buy C. improve D. admire
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我真的佩服你的热情。keep意为“保持”;buy意为“购买”;
improve意为“改善,提高”;admire意为“敬佩”。
【现学现练】
(1)I admire my teacher his patience.
A. on B. to C. in D. for
【解析】句意:我因老师的耐心而敬佩他。admire sb.for sth.意为“因某事而敬
佩某人”,是固定用法。
(2)We took time to stop and the view.
A. admire B. admiration C. like D. to enjoy
【解析】句意:我们花时间停下来欣赏风景。take time to do sth.为常用的固定
结构,表示“花费时间做某事”,to后面接动词原形。
D
A
2. respectable adj.值得尊敬的
【课文再现】
She’s a good and respectable teacher! 她是一名优秀的值得尊敬的老师!
【归纳拓展】
respect v.尊敬。如:
His students respect him.他的学生们都尊敬他。
【典型例题】
Young people should the old.
A. support B. attention C. respect D. teach
【答案】C
【解析】句意:年轻人应该尊重老人。support意为“支持”;attention意为“注意”;respect意为“尊敬”;teach意为“教”。根据句意可知,C项符合题意。
【现学现练】
(1)She is a woman.
A. respect B. respectable
C. respectful D. really
【解析】句意:她是一个值得尊敬的女性。respect意为“尊敬”,为动词;
respectable意为“值得尊敬的”;respectful意为“对……尊敬”,一般用于固定
短语be respectful to;really是副词,意为“真正地”。
B
(2)Go and make yourself look .
A. respectable B. respect
C. respectful D. respective
A
【解析】句意:把自己弄得体面点儿。respectable意为“值得尊敬的,体面
的”;respect意为“尊敬”,是动词;respectful意为“尊敬的”;respective意
为“各自的”。
3. award n.奖品,奖金;v.授予,奖励
【课文再现】
Two excellent Chinese scientists,who were awarded the Medals of the Republic in
2019,are undoubtedly the role models of the times.两名杰出的中国科学家荣获
2019 年共和国勋章,无疑是时代的楷模。
【归纳拓展】
(1)award作名词时,意为“奖,奖品,奖金,奖状”;作及物动词时,意为
“授予,奖励,判给”,后面可接名词或代词作宾语。如:
She showed us the awards she had won.她给我们看她赢得的奖品。
The champion was awarded the gold medal.冠军被授予了金牌。
(2)award a medal to sb.授予某人奖章。
(3)award sb.a scholarship 给某人授予奖学金。
(4)award sb.sth.=award sth.to sb.奖励/授予某人某物。
【典型例题】
She got a(n) for bravery.
A. award B. pride C. success D. chance
【答案】A
【解析】句意:她因英勇获奖。award意为“奖励”;pride意为“骄傲”;
success意为“成功”;chance意为“机会”。根据句意可知,A项最佳。
【现学现练】
(1)The best students special scholarships.
A. awarded B. was awarded
C. were awarded D. awarding
【解析】句意:最好的学生被授予了特殊奖学金。主语是复数,且主语与谓语动
词之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。
(2)The mayor him a medal.
A. gave B. sent C. awarded D. bought
【解析】句意:市长授予他一枚奖章。give意为“给”;send意为“发送”;
award意为“授予”;buy意为“买”。根据句意可知,C项符合题意。
C
C
4. succeed v.成功,实现目标
【课文再现】
They finally succeed in getting artemisinin.他们最终成功获得了青蒿素。
【归纳拓展】
(1)success n.成功。successful adj.成功的。successfully adv.成功地。
(2)succeed in doing sth.成功做某事。如:
At last,he succeeded in performing his task.最后他成功地执行了任务。
【典型例题】
He succeeded the new machine.
A. invent B. invented
C. in inventing D. to invent
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他成功地发明了这台新机器。succeed in doing sth.意为“成功做
某事”,是固定句型。
【现学现练】
(1)If you want to ,you must study hard now.
A. success B. succeed
C. successful D. successfully
【解析】句意:如果你想成功,你现在必须努力学习。success 意为“成功”,
为名词;succeed 意为“成功”,为动词;successful意为“成功的”,为形容
词;successfully 意为“成功地”,为副词。
B
(2)After years of efforts,they finally got in their research.
A. success B. succeed
C. successful D. successfully
A
【解析】句意:在多年的努力之后,他们终于在研究方面取得了成功。success意
为“成功”,为名词;succeed意为“成功”,为动词;successful意为“成功
的”,为形容词;successfully意为“成功地”,为副词。根据句意可知,此处应
用名词。
5. benefit n.利益;v.使受益
【课文再现】
...more than 240 million people in Africa have benefited.……非洲有2.4亿多人已
经受益。
【归纳拓展】
benefit from从……中获益。如:
We can both benefit from cooperation.我们都可以从合作中受益。
【典型例题】
The new railway will the district.
A. hope B. make C. benefit D. break
【答案】C
【解析】句意:新铁路将使该地区受益。hope意为“希望”;make意为“使,
制造”;benefit意为“使受益”;break意为“打破”。根据句意可知,C项符
合题意。
【现学现练】
(1)We should spend the money on something that will everyone.
A. change B. benefit C. teach D. impress
【解析】句意:我们应该把这笔钱花在大家都能受益的事上。A项意为“改
变”;B项意为“受益”;C项意为“教”;D项意为“给……留下印象”。
(2)You will benefit this project.
A. from B. in C. on D. with
【解析】句意:你将会从这个项目中受益。benefit from为常用固定搭配,意为
“从……中受益”。
B
A
精讲二 短 语
6. by the way 顺便说一下,顺便问一下
【课文再现】
By the way,are you still crazy about Li Na?顺便问一下,你还对李娜狂热吗?
【归纳拓展】
(1)in the way妨碍,挡路。如:
He wouldn’t allow emotions to get in the way of him doing his job.他不会允许感情妨
碍他工作。
(2)on the way在路上。如:
He stopped for breakfast on the way.他中途停下吃早餐。
【典型例题】
(1)I am to where you are.
A. by the way B. in the way
C. on the way D. in a way
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我正在去你所在的地方。by the way意为“顺便说一下”;in the
way意为“妨碍,挡路”;on the way意为“在路上”;in a way意为“在某种程
度上”。
(2) ,how did you get on with your classmates?
A. By the way B. In the way
C. On the way D. In a way
【答案】A
【解析】句意:顺便问一下,你和你的同学们相处得怎么样?by the way意为
“顺便说一下”;in the way意为“妨碍,挡路”;on the way意为“在路上”;
in a way意为“在某种程度上”。根据句意可知,A项符合题意。
【现学现练】
(1)What he said is right, .
A. in this way B. in the way
C. on the way D. in a way
【解析】句意:在某种程度上,他说的是对的。in this way意为“用这种方
法”;in the way意为“妨碍,挡路”;on the way意为“在路上”;in a way意
为“在某种程度上”。
(2)Mind out,you are .
A. by the way B. in the way
C. on the way D. of the way
【解析】句意:当心,你挡道了。A项意为“顺便说一下”;B项意为“挡路,
妨碍”;C项意为“在路上”;D项搭配错误。
D
B
7. look up to尊敬,敬仰
【课文再现】
Other classmates look up to scientists...其他同学尊敬科学家……
【归纳拓展】
look up to意为“尊敬”,其中to 是介词,后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
look up查阅;查找。如:
I look up to Mr Zhang.我尊敬张老师。
You can look up new words in the dictionary.你可以在字典里查新单词。
【典型例题】
(1)What job makes people you?
A. look up B. look after
C. look up to D. look around
【答案】C
【解析】句意:什么工作让人们尊敬你?look up意为“查阅”;look after意为
“照顾”;look up to意为“尊敬,敬仰”;look around意为“环顾四周”。根
据句意可知,C 项符合题意。
(2)The young should the old.
A. look up B. look at
C. look up to D. look for
【答案】C
【解析】句意:年轻人应该尊敬老年人。look up查阅;look at看;look up to尊
敬,敬仰;look for寻找。根据句意可知,C项符合题意。
【现学现练】
(1)Kids need role models to .
A. look up to B. play with
C. look up D. improve
【解析】句意:孩子们需要模范人物做榜样。look up to意为“尊敬,敬仰”;
play with意为“玩弄,玩耍”;look up意为“查阅”;improve 意为“提高,提
升”。
(2)I often words in the dictionary.
A. look up B. look into
C. look up to D. look out
【解析】句意:我经常在字典中查阅单词。look up查阅;look into调查;look
up to尊敬,敬仰;look out小心。根据句意可知,A项符合题意。
A
A
8. such as例如
【课文再现】
Other classmates look up to scientists,such as Yuan Longping,Tu Youyou and Yu
Min.其他同学尊敬科学家,如袁隆平、屠呦呦和于敏。
【归纳拓展】
such as用于列举同类人或事物中的几个例子,for example后面接同类人或物的一
个为例。如:
I like eating fruit,such as apples,pears,oranges and bananas.我喜欢吃水果,如
苹果、梨子、橙子和香蕉。
For example,Tom is my good friend.例如,汤姆是我的好朋友。
【典型例题】
(1)We should learn basic subjects, politics,Chinese,English,and
math.
A. for example B. example
C. such D. such as
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我们应该学习基础的科目,如政治、语文、英语和数学。for
example后面接同类人或物中的一个为例,且应用逗号隔开;such as用于列举同
类人或事物中的几个例子。
(2)She is good at playing many instruments. ,she can play the piano.
A. For example B. Example
C. Such D. Such as
【答案】A
【解析】句意:她擅长演奏很多乐器。例如,她会弹钢琴。for example后面接同
类人或物中的一个为例,且应用逗号隔开;such as用于列举同类人或事物中的几
个例子。
【现学现练】
(1)—What’s your hobby,Diana?
—Well,I have many hobbies, dancing,singing and water sports.
A. instead of B. because of
C. such as D. for example
【解析】句意:——你的爱好是什么,戴安娜?——嗯,我有很多爱好,如跳
舞、唱歌和水上运动。instead of意为“代替,而不是”;because of意为“因
为”;such as意为“比如”,用来列举,常列举同类人或物中的几个例子;for
example意为“例如”,后面通常接同类人或事物中有一个例子,且用逗号隔
开。根据句意可知,这里表示列举同类事物中的几个例子,用such as。
C
(2)There are many difficulties in our study. ,we don’t have enough money.
A. Such as B. However
C. For example D. Therefore
【解析】句意:在我们研究方面有很多困难。例如,我们没有足够的钱。表示举
例时,such as用于列举同类人或事物中的几个例子,for example后面接同类人
或事物中的一个例子,且应用逗号隔开。
C
9. thanks to 幸亏,多亏
【课文再现】
Thanks to Tu’s contribution,more than 240 million people in Africa have benefited.
多亏了屠呦呦的贡献,非洲已经有2.4亿多人受益。
【归纳拓展】
thanks to幸亏,多亏;thanks for为……而感谢。如:
Thanks to the experience,I got the job.多亏这次经历,我得到了这份工作。
【典型例题】
(1) telling us the truth.
A. Thank you B. Thanks to
C. Thanks for D. Thank for
【答案】C
【解析】句意:感谢告诉我们真相。Thank you谢谢你;Thanks to 多亏,幸
亏;Thanks for因……感谢。D项应为thank sb.for doing sth.。
(2) your help,I can finish the task on time.
A. Without B. Thanks to
C. Thanks for D. Thank you
【答案】B
【解析】句意:多亏你的帮助,我才能按时完成任务。A项意为“没有”;B项
意为“幸亏,多亏”;C项意为“因……而感谢”;D项意为“谢谢你”。
【现学现练】
(1)We must the two boys for their help.
A. to thank B. thanks C. thank D. thanking
【解析】句意:我们必须感谢那两个男孩的帮助。情态动词must后接动词
原形。
(2) English language,we can learn lots of foreign cultures.
A. Thank you B. Thanks to
C. Thanks for D. Thank for
【解析】句意:多亏了英语语言,我们能学习到很多外国文化。Thank you谢谢
你;Thanks to多亏,幸亏;Thanks for因……而感谢。
C
B
精讲三 句 型
10. contribute to贡献;捐助,捐(款)给
【课文再现】
They have contributed a lot to our country.他们已经为我们的国家贡献了很多。
【归纳拓展】
contribute to贡献;捐助,捐(款)给;有助于。其中,to是介词,后接名词、代
词或动名词。如:
I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.我相信我们每个人都
能对世界的未来有所贡献。
contribute to=make a contribution/contributions to为……做贡献。
【典型例题】
(1)Honesty and hard work contribute success.
A. of B. in C. on D. to
【答案】D
【解析】句意:诚实加努力工作有助于成功。contribute to有助于。
(2)Mr Yang made a great contribution to .
A. teach B. to teach C. taught D. teaching
【答案】D
【解析】句意:杨老师在教学方面做出了巨大贡献。make a contribution to意为
“为……做贡献”,其中to为介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词。
【现学现练】
(1)Fresh air and exercise can to good health.
A. contribute B. help C. improve D. make
【解析】句意:新鲜的空气和锻炼有助于身体健康。A项意为“贡献”;B项意
为“帮助”;C项意为“改善,提高”;D项意为“使”。contribute to为固定短
语,意为“有助于”,符合题意。
(2)Soldiers contributes the safety of the country.
A. for B. on C. in D. to
【解析】句意:军人们为保护国家的安全做贡献。contribute to意为“为……做
贡献”,为固定搭配。
A
D
11. be crazy about对……狂热
【课文再现】
By the way,are you still crazy about Li Na?顺便问一下,你还对李娜狂热吗?
【归纳拓展】
be crazy about意为“对……狂热”,其相当于be keen on,意为“热衷……”。如:
You have to be crazy about your work if you want to succeed.如果你想成功,你就得
很投入地工作。
【典型例题】
(1)I’m sure you will be Chinese cuisine.
A. full of B. filled with
C. crazy about D. worried about
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我确定你会非常喜欢中国菜的。be full of意为“充满”;be
filled with意为“被……充满”;be crazy about意为“对……狂热”;be
worried about意为“对……担心”。
(2)I began to be crazy English when I was a little girl.
A. of B. with C. for D. about
【答案】D
【解析】句意:当我还是一个小女孩的时候,我就对英语很狂热。be crazy
about为常见的固定搭配,意为“对……狂热”。
【现学现练】
(1)She is crazy fashion and always wears the latest trends.
A. about B. in C. with D. on
【解析】句意:她对时尚很着迷,总是穿着最新的潮流服饰。be crazy about意
为“对……狂热”,为固定搭配。
(2)I used to be about taking pictures.
A. crazy B. popular C. keen D. like
【解析】句意:我以前对拍照片很狂热。be crazy about意为“对……狂热”。
A
A
12. That’s why那就是为什么……
【课文再现】
That’s why I admire your mother so much.那就是我为什么如此崇拜你的母亲。
【归纳拓展】
That’s why+结果,表示“那就是为什么……”;That’s because+原因,表示
“那就是因为……”。如:
That’s why he was late.那就是他为什么迟到了。
【典型例题】
(1)It smells good and it’s beautiful. I picked it up.
A. That’s because B. Why
C. That’s why D. Which
【答案】C
【解析】句意:它闻起来很香,也很漂亮。那就是为什么我把它捡了起来。A项
意为“那就是因为……”;B项意为“为什么”;C项意为“那就是为什
么……”;D项意为“哪个”。根据句意可知,设空处后面接的是结果,C项符
合题意。
(2)Mike can’t go to the party tonight,and he has to prepare for the exam.
A. that’s because B. why
C. that’s why D. which
【答案】A
【解析】句意:迈克今晚不能去参加聚会,那是因为他要准备考试。that’s
because意为“那是因为……”;that’s why 意为“那是为什么……”。根据句意
可知,空后是原因,故应用that’s because。
【现学现练】
(1)Your room was broken into. you didn’t lock the door.
A. That’s because B. Why
C. That’s why D. Which
【解析】句意:你的房间被破门而入了。那是因为你没有锁门。that’s
because...意为“那是因为……”,后面跟原因,符合题意。
(2)The reason why she missed the meeting was she lost her way.
A. why B. which C. because D. that
【解析】句意:她错过会议的原因是她迷路了。The reason why...is/was
that...意为“……的原因是……”,为固定句型。
A
D
13. provide sth.to...给……提供某物
【课文再现】
His achievement has provided a solution to worldwide hunger.他的成就为解决全世
界的饥饿问题提供了一种方法。
【归纳拓展】
provide sb.with sth.意为“向某人提供某物”,相当于provide sth.to/for sb.,意为
“提供某物给某人”。如:
Our parents provide money and food for us.父母为我们提供钱和食物。
【典型例题】
(1)Linda is a nice girl.On weekends,she likes to different delicious
food her family.
A. provide;for B. prepare;to
C. protect;from D. prefer;to
【答案】A
【解析】句意:琳达是一个好女孩。在周末,她喜欢给她的家人提供不同的美
食。provide sth.for sb.意为“为某人提供某物”,符合题意。
(2)They provided job opportunities us.
A. on B. to C. with D. in
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他们为我们提供工作机会。provide sth.to sb.意为“提供某物给
某人”,是固定用法。
【现学现练】
(1)My parents always me love and support.
A. provide;for B. give;for
C. provide;with D. give;with
【解析】句意:我的父母总是给我提供爱和支持。provide sb.with sth.意为“向
某人提供某物”。
(2)I can a new dictionary you.
A. offer;of B. provide;to
C. provide;with D. offer;in
【解析】句意:我可以给你提供一本新字典。provide sth.to/for sb.意为“把某
物提供给某人”。
C
B
14. make efforts to do sth.努力做某事
【课文再现】
Because they made great efforts to solve global problems.因为他们为解决全球性问
题做出了巨大努力。
【归纳拓展】
make efforts/an effort to do sth.努力做某事;make an effort in 在某方面付出努力。如:
Everybody should make an effort to reduce pollution.每个人都应该努力减少污染。
【典型例题】
(1)—Some famous people take part in the live commerce(直播带货).
—Yes,they make efforts product sales in order to help local farmers.
A. to improving B. improved
C. to improve D. improving
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——一些出名的人参与了直播带货。——是的,他们努力提高产
品销量,以帮助当地农民。根据题干可知,设空处为常用固定结构。make
efforts to do sth.意为“努力做某事”。根据句意可知,设空处表示提高产品销
量,improve符合语境。
(2)The government is reducing air pollution.
A. making effort into B. making effort in
C. making an effort into D. making an effort in
【答案】D
【解析】句意:政府正在努力减轻空气污染。make an effort in意为“在……付
出努力”。
【现学现练】
(1)China is making great efforts people’s living standards.
A. improve B. improving
C. improved D. to improve
【解析】句意:中国正在努力提高人民的生活水平。make efforts to do sth.意为
“努力做某事”,为固定结构。
(2)To win the game,we spare no effort .
A. to train B. training C. train D. trained
【解析】句意:为了赢得比赛,我们不遗余力地训练。spare no effort to do sth.
意为“不遗余力做某事”,为固定搭配。
D
A
语法聚焦
Now-predicate verbs as adverbial(非谓语动词作状语)
非谓语动词三种形式之中的动词不定式(to do)和分词(现在分词 ,过去分词)均可以在句中作状语。具体来说,动词不定式作状语多用于表示目的,而分词作状语则可以用于表示时间、原因、方式、伴随情况、条件、结果或让步等。
一、动词不定式作状语——表示目的
动词不定式作目的状语时,其动作发生在谓语动作之后,一般放在句子的后
面,也可以位于句首表示强调,有to do,so as to do,in order to do三种常见的形
式,但是so as to do不能用于句首。如:
He traveled around the world (so as/in order)to gather little-known facts about the
disease.他走遍世界,收集有关这种疾病的鲜为人知的资料。
To/In order to pass the exam,he worked hard at his lessons.为了通过考试,他刻苦
读书。
53
一、动词不定式作状语——表示目的
动词不定式作目的状语时,其动作发生在谓语动作之后,一般放在句子的后
面,也可以位于句首表示强调,有to do,so as to do,in order to do三种常见的形
式,但是so as to do不能用于句首。如:
He traveled around the world (so as/in order)to gather little-known facts about the
disease.他走遍世界,收集有关这种疾病的鲜为人知的资料。
To/In order to pass the exam,he worked hard at his lessons.为了通过考试,他刻苦
读书。
二、分词作状语
分词作状语时,表示的动作是主语动作的一部分,与谓语所表示的动作或状
态几乎同时发生。有时先于谓语动作发生,一般要用逗号同其他句子隔开。如:
Defeated,they withdrew into the valley.他们被打败了,退回到山谷中。(分词动
作先于谓语动作发生)
He telephoned,saying that he wouldn’t come for supper.他打电话说他不来吃晚饭
了。(分词动作与谓语动作同时发生)
1. 分词作状语——表示时间。
分词作时间状语时,相当于when,while等引导的时间状语从句,这类状语通常
放在句子前半部分。如:
Hearing the news,they immediately set off for Shanghai.=When they heard the
news,they immediately set off for Shanghai.听到这个消息,他们立即出发到上海
去了。
Seen from the tower,the south foot of Zijin Mountain is a sea of trees.=When it is
seen from the tower,the south foot of Zijin Mountain is a sea of trees.从这座塔上远
眺,紫金山南麓是树的海洋。
2. 分词作状语——表示原因。
分词作原因状语时,相当于as,since,because等引导的从句,这类状语多放在句
子前半部分。如:
Being Sunday,the shops are overcrowded.=As it was Sunday,the shops are
overcrowded.因为是星期天,商店里挤满了人。
3. 分词作状语——表示方式或伴随情况。
分词作方式或伴随情况状语时,不能用状语从句替换,但常可改写为并列成
分。如:
He walked down the hill,singing softly to himself.=He walked down the hill and
sang softly to himself.他从小山上走下来,一路哼着曲儿。
He hurried to the hall,followed by two managers.=He hurried to the hall and was
followed by two managers.他快步走向大厅,身后跟着两个经理。
4. 分词作状语——表示条件。
分词作条件状语时,相当于if,unless等引导的从句,这类状语要放在句子前半部
分。如:
Turning to the right,you will find a path leading to his cottage.=If you turn to the
right,you will find a path leading to his cottage.向右转,你就可以找到一条通向他
的乡间别墅的小路。
Given another chance,I’ll do it much better.=If I am given another chance,I’ll do it
much better.如果再给我一次机会,我会做得更好。
5. 分词作状语——表示结果。
分词作结果状语时,相当于so that等引导的从句,这类状语通常放在句子后半部
分。分词前面往往有副词thus或thereby,并有逗号同前面的句子隔开,常意为
“于是;所以;因而”等。这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语,也可以是
前面的整个句子;逻辑主语若为前面的整个句子,其作用相当于一个非限制性定
语从句。如:
The output of steel increased by 15% last year,reaching 3,000,000 tons.钢产量去
年增长了15%,达到300万吨。(分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语The output of
steel)
6. 分词作状语——表示让步。
分词作让步状语时,相当于although,even if等引导的从句。如:
Taking more care,I still made quite a few mistakes.=Although I took more care,I
still made quite a few mistakes.尽管我多加小心,我还是犯了不少错误。
Wounded,the brave soldier continued to fight.=Although he was wounded,the
brave soldier continued to fight.虽然受了伤,那名勇敢的士兵继续作战。
三、分词作状语时的注意事项
1. 分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致。换句话说,句子的
主语要么是分词表示的动作的执行者,即主动关系,此时应用现在分词形式;要
么是承受者,即被动关系,此时应用过去分词形式。如:
Looking out of the window,I saw lots of people on the street.望着窗外,我看见街
上有许多人。(主动关系,即I look out of the window)
Painted white,the house looks bigger.漆成白色后,这栋房子看起来更大了。(被
动关系,即the house is painted white)
2. 分词作状语时,有时前面可以用一个连词,相当于简化后的状语从句保留了连词。常用的连词有when,while,after,before,if,unless,once,although等。如:
After taking the medicine,she felt better.=After she took the medicine,she felt better.吃过药后,她感到好些了。
Once deprived of oxygen,the brain dies.=Once it is deprived of oxygen,the brain
dies.一旦缺氧,大脑就会死亡。
变式练习
单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填在题
前括号里)
( C )1. The woman has tried her best a lot of poor children.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped
【解析】句意:这个女士尽她最大的努力帮助了很多贫困儿童。to help为不定式
作目的状语。
C
( A )2. —The snow makes them cold.
—So they want to make a fire warm.
A. feel;to keep B. to feel;keep
C. feel;keep D. to feel;to keep
【解析】句意:——雪让他们感到寒冷。——所以他们想要生火来取暖。第一个
空,make sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,make是使役动词,后面用省略to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语,故排除B、D两项。第二个空,生火的目的是取
暖,应用不定式作目的状语。
A
( B )3. The WWF(世界自然基金会)is working hard the animals in
danger.
A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved
【解析】句意:世界自然基金会正在努力工作来拯救处于危险中的动物。根据句
意可知,设空处用动词不定式表目的。
( B )4. This weekend,our class will go to a mountain near our city
trees.
A. plant B. to plant C. planted D. planting
【解析】句意:这个周末,我们班要去我们城市附近的山上种树。根据句意可
知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
B
B
( C )5. at night,the city looks more beautiful.
A. Seeing B. See C. Seen D. To see
【解析】句意:在晚上看,这座城市看起来更漂亮。主语the city与动词see之间
是被动关系,因此用过去分词表示被动。
( D )6. at the mark on her white dress,she didn’t know what to do.
A. Look B. To look C. Looked D. Looking
【解析】句意:看着她白色连衣裙上的污点,她不知道该做什么。根据题干可
知,句子主语she与look之间为主动关系,设空处应用现在分词作伴随状语。
C
D
( A )7. in a hurry,the article was not so good.
A. Written B. To write C. Write D. Writing
【解析】句意:因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。空处应用非谓语动词作状
语,逻辑主语article是动作的承受者,故用过去分词。
( C )8. with life in the city,life in the countryside is much slower
and more peaceful.
A. To compare B. Comparing
C. Compared D. Compare
【解析】句意:与城市的生活相比,乡村的生活节奏更慢、更平静。compared
with为过去分词短语作状语,意为“与……相比”。
A
C
( D )9. the truth,the fruit you bought yesterday was not fresh.
A. Telling B. Tell C. Told D. To tell
【解析】句意:说实话,你昨天买的水果不新鲜。to tell the truth意为“说实
话”,是固定短语。
( B )10. in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.
A. Grow B. Grown C. Growing D. To grow
【解析】句意:种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子长得很快。grow的逻辑主语是
seeds,两者之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。
D
B
学以致用
一、单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填
在题前括号里)
( A )1. —Hi,Lucy.How are you doing with your part-time job?
— !I enjoy working there very much.
A. Pretty good B. No problem
C. What a pity D. Good luck
【解析】句意:——嗨,露西。你的兼职工作干得怎么样?——相当好!我很喜
欢在那里工作。A项意为“相当好”;B项意为“没问题”;C项意为“真可惜”;D项意为“祝你好运”。根据答语可判断得知,A项最佳。
A
( B )2. It’s easy to make friends,but it’s difficult to keep the longer.
A. days B. friendship C. classmates D. life
【解析】句意:交朋友容易,但是保持友谊长久是困难的。day意为“日子”;
friendship意为“友谊”;classmate意为“同班同学”;life意为“生活”。根据
句意可知,B项符合题意。
( B )3. If you want to be healthier,you must eat junk food.
A. more B. less C. fewer D. much
【解析】句意:如果你想更健康,你必须少吃垃圾食品。junk food是不可数名
词。句子前面有比较级healthier,后面空格处应使用little或much的比较级。little
的比较级是less;much的比较级是more;fewer是few的比较级,修饰可数名词复
数。根据句意可知,设空处表示否定意思,故用less。
B
B
( D )4. —Let’s go shopping now.
—Sorry,I can’t.I the piano.
A. practice B. can practice
C. practiced D. am practicing
【解析】句意:——让我们现在去购物吧。——对不起,我不能。我正在练习弹
钢琴。由题干可知,后句指的是“我”现在在弹钢琴,所以不能去。表示说话时
正在进行的动作,句子时态用现在进行时。
D
( C )5. —Will you go to Lisa’s house-warming party next Sunday?
—Well,if I ,I will go.
A. invite B. will invite
C. am invited D. will be invited
【解析】句意:——下周日你会去参加丽莎的乔迁聚会吗?——嗯,如果我收到
邀请,我会去的。if引导条件状语从句,从句时态用一般现在时;主语I和谓语动
词invite之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;一般现在时的被动语态结构
为“am/is/are+过去分词”。
C
( B )6. The workers in this factory were made 12 hours a day in the
past.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
【解析】句意:这个工厂的工人们过去被迫一天工作12个小时。make sb.do sth.
变为被动结构时,不定式符号to要还原,即sb.be made to do sth.。
( D )7. —In my opinion,animals shouldn’t be kept for fun.
—I think so.The forest is the best place for animals .
A. live B. living C. to living D. to live in
【解析】句意:——在我看来,不应该为了取乐而圈养动物。——我想是的。森
林是动物居住的最好的地方。live意为“生活,居住”,为不及物动词。live in+
地点,意为“住在某处”,此处动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词place。
B
D
( A )8. clearly,do remember down the radio when
somebody calls in.
A. To hear;to turn B. To hear;turning
C. Hear;turning D. Hear;to turn
【解析】句意:为了能听清楚,别人打电话来的时候,记得把收音机的声音调低
一点儿。根据句意和题干可知,第一个空,应用动词不定式表示目的;第二个
空,表示“记得要做某事”,但实际上未做,应用remember to do sth.。
A
( C )9. What action should they the same thing happening again?
A. do stopping B. take stopping
C. take to stop D. do to stop
【解析】句意:他们应该采取什么样的措施来阻止这样的事情再次发生呢?take
action意为“采取措施”,为固定短语。后面应该用动词不定式表示目的,在句
中作目的状语。
C
( B )10. Why not go to the poor areas the children there their
study?
A. help;to do B. to help;with
C. to help;doing D. help;with
【解析】句意:为什么不去贫困地区帮助那里的孩子们学习呢?根据题干和句意
可知,此处应使用动词不定式表目的,故排除A、D两项;help sb.with/do sth.
意为“帮助某人做某事”,为固定短语。
( A )11. by what he saw,the man decided to do the voluntary work.
A. Moved B. Moving C. Move D. To move
【解析】句意:那个男人被他的所见感动了,决定做志愿工作。主语the man与
动词move之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词。
B
A
( C )12. harder,you will make great progress.
A. Work B. To work C. Working D. Worked
【解析】句意:更努力工作,你会取得巨大进步。空处应用非谓语动词作状语,
逻辑主语是动作的执行者,故应用现在分词。
( C )13. ,liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated
C. Heated D. Heat
【解析】句意:当加热的时候,液体会变成气体。heat的逻辑主语是liquids,两
者之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作状语。
C
C
( B )14. the cat,the mouse ran off.
A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. Being seen
【解析】句意:当老鼠看到猫的时候,它就跑开了。see的逻辑主语是the
mouse,两者之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。
( B )15. While ,he nodded from time to time.
A. read the book B. reading the book
C. to read the book D. being read the book
【解析】句意:当他读书的时候,他时不时地点头。read的逻辑主语是he,两者
之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。
B
B
二、阅读理解(根据短文内容,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意
的最佳选项填在题前括号里)
A good way to pass an exam is to work hard every day in a year.You may fail in
an exam if you are lazy for most of the year and then work hard only a few days before
the exam.If you want to be good at English,you have to read stories in English.And
speak English as much as possible.A few days before the exam you should go to bed
early.Do not go to bed late at night.In the exam,read carefully over the question
papers and try to understand the exact meaning of each question.When you at last
finish your exam,read over your answers.Correct the mistakes if there are any and be
sure that you don’t miss anything out.
( A )16. If people want to do well in an exam,they have to work
hard .
A. every day in a year B. for a month
C. for only a few days D. late at night
【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“A good way to pass an exam is to work hard
every day in a year.”可知,人们想要在考试中考好,就必须在一年中的每一天
都要努力。
A
( B )17. If people want to learn English well,they .
A. only need to learn grammar B. must often practice English
C. have to go to England D. should go to bed early
【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“If you want to be good at English,you have to
read stories in English.And speak English as much as possible.”可知,人们如果
想学好英语,就必须经常练习英语。
( B )18. It is important to a few days before the exam.
A. play too much B. have a good sleep
C. go to bed late D. watch TV
【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“A few days before the exam you should go to
bed early.”可知,考试前几天早点儿睡觉是很重要的。
B
B
( C )19. When people finish the exam,they should .
A. stand up and leave at once
B. answer a few more questions
C. make sure that they don’t miss anything out
D. leave some mistakes on the question paper
【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“When you at last finish your exam,read over your answers.Correct the mistakes if there are any and be sure that you don’t miss anything out.”可知,当人们完成考试时,他们应该确保没有遗漏任何内容。
C
( D )20. What is the best title for the passage?
A. An Important Exam B. An Easy Exam
C. A Difficult Exam D. How to Pass an Exam
【解析】标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是首句“A good way to pass an exam is
to work hard every day in a year.”可知,本文介绍了一些如何通过考试的方
法,所以“如何通过考试”为文章最佳标题。
D
$$
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