2025年安徽省中职英语一轮复习 Unit 6 Craftsmanship
2025-07-06
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基础模块2
Unit 6 Craftsmanship
单元导读
本单元主要考查关于技艺方面的重点词汇、重点短语的区别及用法,考生应
熟练掌握重点句型的结构及用途,熟练掌握语态的分类、被动语态的九种句型及
主动句改为被动句的步骤,能够运用阅读技巧快速从关于技艺介绍的文本中提取
正确信息,解决实际中的问题。其中重点词汇的用法及辨析、九种被动语态句型
的构成及用法是对口升学考试中的高频考点。
知识精讲
精讲一 词 汇
1. achievement n.成就
【课文再现】
By years of practice,the cook finally made outstanding achievement in butchering.通
过多年的练习,这名厨师终于在宰牛行业取得了卓越的成就。
【归纳拓展】
(1)achieve v.达到;取得;实现。achievement n.完成;成就;实现。
achievable adj.能完成的,可实现的,能达到的。
(2)与achieve 相关的常用短语。
achieve success获得成功;achieve victory取得胜利;achieve one’s goal实现自己的
目标;achieve one’s purpose达到目的。如:
I finally achieved my goal of winning the race.我最终实现了赢得比赛的目标。
【典型例题】
(1)It was an excellent for such a young player.
A. achievement B. advertisement
C. agreement D. arrangement
【答案】A
【解析】句意:对这样一个年轻的球员来说,这是一项杰出的成就。
achievement成就;advertisement广告;agreement同意;arrangement安排。
(2)Completing this task alone should give you a sense of .
A. achieve B. achievable
C. achievement D. achieves
【答案】C
【解析】句意:单独完成这项任务应该会给你一种成就感。a sense of achievement意为“成就感”。
【现学现练】
(1)Teamwork is required in order to these aims.
A. agree B. achieve C. advise D. absent
【解析】句意:为了实现这些目标,需要团队合作。agree同意;achieve实现;
advise建议;absent缺席。
(2)These are reasonable and measures.
A. achievable B. achieve
C. achievement D. achieves
【解析】句意:这些都是合理可行的措施。achievable adj.可实现的;achieve v.
实现;achievement n.成就。分析可知,空处作定语修饰名词measures,故应用
形容词achievable。
B
A
2. creative adj.创造性的
【课文再现】
It is also important for them to be creative,I think.我认为创造力对他们来说也非常
重要。
【归纳拓展】
(1)create v.创造;创作。creator n.创造者;创建者。creation n.创造;创作。
creativity n.创造力;创造性。creative adj.创造性的。creatively adv.创造性地;
有创造力地。如:
We want to create more jobs for the unemployed.我们想为失业者创造更多的工作(机会)。
You can sense the creative buzz in the city.你可以在这座城市里感受到创造的热情。
(2)与creative相关的短语。
in a creative way创造性地;creative thinking 创造性思维;creative enthusiasm 创作
热情。如:
A better sense of humor will enhance your creative thinking abilities.较强的幽默感有
助于提高你的创造性思维能力。
【典型例题】
(1)The government plans to more jobs for young people.
A. create B. creator C. creation D. creative
【答案】A
【解析】句意:政府计划为年轻人创造更多的工作(机会)。create v.创造,创
作;creator n.创造者,创作者;creation n.创造,创作;creative adj.创造性
的。plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”,是固定搭配,to后加动词原形。
(2)The new media industry attracts young and people.
A. create B. creative
C. creatively D. creation
【答案】B
【解析】句意:新媒体行业吸引着年轻且有创造力的人们。create v.创造,创
作;creative adj.创造性的;creatively adv.创造性地;creation n.创造,创作。
空处应填形容词,修饰名词 people。
【现学现练】
(1)Try this new dish by our head chef.
A. to create B. creating C. created D. create
【解析】句意:尝尝我们主厨创作的这道新菜吧。本句中已有谓语动词try,故
空处应用非谓语动词;根据by可知,create和the new dish之间是被动关系,故应
用过去分词表被动。
(2)The bathroom is entirely my own .
A. creator B. creative
C. creatively D. creation
【解析】句意:这间浴室完全是我个人的创作。creator创造者,创作者;
creative创造性的,有创造力的;creatively创造性地,有创造力地;creation创
造,创作。根据空前的own可知,空处应用名词creation。
C
D
3. exactly adv.正是如此;恰好
【课文再现】
Exactly.For hundreds of years,to show accurate time has always been the goal of the
watchmakers.的确。几百年来,准确显示时间一直是钟表匠们的目标。
【归纳拓展】
(1)exact adj.确切的,正确的,严格的。 exactly adv.恰好;正是如此。如:
The two rooms are exactly the same size.这两个房间恰好一样大。
【注意】在对话时,exactly用来表示对方说得完全正确,或完全同意对方的说法。如:
—So you think we should take an earlier flight?所以你认为我们应该乘坐较早的航班?
—Exactly.是的。
(2)to be exact精确地说;exactly speaking严格地说;not exactly不全是,未必
就。如:
To be exact,he can give you many things you want.确切地说,他能给你许多你想
要的东西。
【典型例题】
(1)Do as I tell you.
A. actually B. exactly C. especially D. easily
【答案】B
【解析】句意:严格按我说的办。actually实际上,事实上;exactly正是如此,
恰好;especially尤其,特别;easily容易地。
(2)—You mean somebody in this room must be the thief?
— .
A. Not so good B. You are welcome
C. Exactly D. No problem
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你是说这个房间里一定有人是小偷?——正是如此。A项意
为“不太好”;B项意为“不客气,不用谢”,用于回答别人的感谢;C项意为
“正是如此”;D项意为“没问题”,用于回答别人的请求。exactly用于对话,
表示对方说得完全正确,或完全同意对方的说法。
【现学现练】
(1)—So he told you you’d got the job?
— ,but he said they were impressed with me.
A. Good luck B. Sounds great
C. Not exactly D. You are welcome
【解析】句意:——所以他对你说你得到这份工作了?——不完全是这样,不过
他说我给他们留下了深刻的印象。A项意为“祝你好运”;B项意为“听起来不
错”;C项意为“不全是”;D项意为“不客气,不用谢”。根据句意和语境可
知,此处表示不确定。
C
(2)To be ,she is not a doctor at present.
A. true B. right C. frank D. exact
D
【解析】句意:确切地说,她现在不是一名医生。To be exact意为“确切地说,
精确地说”,为固定短语。
4. continued adj.连续不断的
【课文再现】
...a good craftsman comes from continued practice.……伟大的工匠来自不懈的实践。
【归纳拓展】
(1)continue v.持续;继续存在;不断发生;继续做。其过去式和过去分词均为
continued。而continued还可以用作形容词,译为“连续不断的,持续的”。如:
Without continued effort,you won’t pass the exam.没有持续的努力,你是不会通
过这次考试的。
(2)continue to do sth.继续做某事(指做完一件事情,接着去做另外一件事)。如:
She continued to work after she had her baby.她生完孩子后继续工作了。
(3)continue doing sth.继续做某事(继续做原来未做完的事情)。如:
After a rest,he continues reading the storybook.休息过后,他继续阅读这本故事书。
【典型例题】
(1)After he finished reading a novel,he continued games with his
friends.
A. play B. playing C. played D. to play
【答案】D
【解析】句意:读完一本小说后,他接着跟朋友们玩游戏。continue to do sth.意
为“继续做某事”,指做完一件事情后,接着去做另外一件事。
(2)Air pollution will have a(n) effect on people’s health.
A. continued B. ordinary
C. graceful D. unique
【答案】A
【解析】句意:空气污染会持续影响人们的健康。continued连续不断的;
ordinary普通的;graceful优美的,优雅的;unique独特的。B、C、D三项均不
符合题意。
【现学现练】
(1)If he continues like that,I’ll have to carry him home.
A. drink B. drunk C. drinking D. to drink
【解析】句意:如果他继续像那样喝酒,我将不得不把他带回家。continue
doing sth.意为“继续做某事”,通常指继续做原来的事。
(2) flood had a bad effect on the village.
A. Creative B. Excellent
C. Curious D. Continued
【解析】句意:连续不断的洪水对这个村子造成了很糟糕的影响。creative创造
性的;excellent优秀的,卓越的;curious好奇的;continued持续不断的。空处作
定语修饰flood,根据句意可知,continued符合题意。
C
D
5. workshop n.工作坊;车间
【课文再现】
Tina,a vocational school student,is visiting a Swiss watchmaking workshop.蒂娜
是一名职业学校的学生。她正在参观一个瑞士制表工坊。
【归纳拓展】
(1)workshop是由work和shop 组成的复合名词。work n.& v.工作;shop n.商店
v.购买。类似的复合名词还有workmate同事,工友;workplace工作场所;
housework家务;homework家庭作业;schoolwork课堂作业等。
(2)与work相关的常用短语。
work on从事,设法说服,影响,对……起作用,继续工作;work out算出,解
决,设计出,制订出;work in在……工作,插进;work at从事……,致力……;
work as 担任,以……身份工作。如:
The director worked on in the office until ten o’clock last night.主任昨晚在办公室工
作到十点。
【典型例题】
(1)Please clean up the after work.
A. works B. workshop
C. workmate D. workforce
【答案】B
【解析】句意:请在工作结束后清理车间。work作品;workshop车间,工作
坊;workmate工友;workforce劳动力。
(2)It’ll cheaper to travel by bus.
A. work out B. work in
C. work on D. work as
【答案】A
【解析】句意:算来还是乘公共汽车旅行更便宜些。work out算出,制定出;
work in在……工作,插进;work on从事,设法说服;work as 担任。
【现学现练】
(1)You need to your pronunciation a bit more.
A. work on B. put on C. call on D. get on
【解析】句意:你需要再练习一下你的发音。work on从事,致力,努力说服;put on 穿上,戴上,上演;call on 拜访;get on (同……)友好相处,穿上(衣物)。
(2)She’s an artist whose I really admire.
A. manner B. works
C. movement D. structure
【解析】句意:她是一名我非常欣赏她作品的艺术家。manner方式,举止;
works作品;movement移动;structure结构。
A
B
6. speech n.演说
【课文再现】
Preparing a speech for tomorrow’s English-speaking contest.为明天的英语演讲比赛
做准备。
【归纳拓展】
(1)speech n.演说,演讲。其常用结构为give/make/deliver a speech 发表演讲。如:
He will make a speech on the air this evening.今天晚上他将在广播中演讲。
(2)辨析 speech,lecture,talk和address。
①这几个单词均可指讲话、发言。
②speech指演说、演讲、发言,指公开或私下场合的讲话均可以。如:
Several people made speeches at the wedding.有几个人在婚礼上发了言。
③lecture通常指大学里的讲座、讲课、演讲。如:
The lecture will be of especial interest to history students.学历史的学生会对这个讲
座特别感兴趣。
④talk指不正式的报告、演讲。如:
She gave an interesting talk on her visit to China.她做了一个关于她在中国访问的有
趣报告。
⑤address指演说、演讲,侧重公开的演讲。如:
The President gave an address to the American people.总统向美国民众发表了演说。
(3)speak English说英语;spoken English英语口语;English speech contest 英语
演讲比赛;freedom of speech言论自由。
【注意】speak后加说的语言,say后加说的内容;tell意为“告诉”,常用结构有
tell sb.to do sth.(告诉某人做某事)和tell sb.about sth.(告诉某人某事);talk
意为“谈论”,其后接人作宾语时,通常要加介词to,with等。
【典型例题】
(1)What is the secret of your excellent ?
A. speaking English B. spoken English
C. English spoken D. English speaking
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你的英语口语很出色,秘诀是什么?spoken English意为“英语
口语”,是固定短语。
(2)The President made a touching .
A. whisper B. speech C. standard D. symbol
【答案】B
【解析】句意:总统做了一次感人的演讲。whisper耳语;speech演讲;standard
标准,水平;symbol象征。
【现学现练】
(1)Nowadays,freedom of is a universal phenomenon(普遍现象).
A. speak B. spoken C. spoke D. speech
【解析】句意:现如今,言论自由是一种普遍现象。freedom of speech意为“言
论自由”,是固定短语。
(2)She nothing to me about it.
A. spoke B. said C. told D. talked
D
B
【解析】句意:她没有跟我说过这件事。speak意为“讲话,发言,演说”,其
后常接某种语言,接人作宾语时,要加介词to;say意为“说”,侧重表示说的
内容;tell意为“告诉,说”,侧重表示一方向另一方传达信息或讲述事情;talk
意为“谈话,闲谈”,是不及物动词,其后面跟人作宾语时,要加介词with,to
等。空后表示说的内容,应用said。
7. patience n.耐心
【课文再现】
That really requires great patience.那真的需要极大的耐心。
【归纳拓展】
(1)patient adj.有耐心的 n.病人。patience n.耐心。如:
The patient likes this doctor very much.这个病人特别喜欢这个医生。
He is a man without patience.他是一个缺乏耐心的人。
(2)be patient of sth.忍受某事。如:
You should learn to be patient of pains.你应该学会忍受痛苦。
(3)be patient with sb.对某人有耐心。如:
He fought to be patient with her.他竭力对她保持耐心。
【典型例题】
(1)She’s very patient young children.
A. for B. with C. of D. at
【答案】B
【解析】句意:她对小孩特别有耐心。be patient with sb.意为“对某人有耐
心”,是固定结构。
(2)I have run out of with her.
A. practice B. patience
C. partner D. progress
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我对她已失去耐心。practice实践;patience耐心;partner伙
伴;progress 进步。
【现学现练】
(1)Extensive(全面的)tests have been carried out on the .
A. cook B. doctor C. driver D. patient
【解析】句意:已对患者进行了全面检查。cook厨师;doctor医生;driver 司
机;patient病人。
(2)He can’t be patient pains losing a loved one.
A. for B. at C. of D. with
【解析】句意:他不能忍受失去心爱之人的痛苦。be patient of sth.意为“忍受
某事”。
D
C
精讲二 短 语
8. take up 从事;占据;拿起;着手处理
【课文再现】
When I first took up the job,what I saw was the whole ox.当我第一次从事这一工作时,我看到的是整头牛。
【归纳拓展】
与take相关的其他常见短语。
take off 脱下(衣服等),(飞机)起飞,突然成功 take on呈现,雇用
take over 接收,接管 take down 记下,取下
take out拿出,取出 take away 拿走
take in 吸收,吞入(体内),收入
take part in 参加……,参与……
take care of 照顾,照料(=look after)
take pride in 为……感到自豪(=be proud of)
【典型例题】
(1)The plane won’t until the thick clouds move away.
A. take on B. take up
C. take away D. take off
【答案】D
【解析】句意:直到厚厚的云层散去,飞机才会起飞。take on呈现,雇用;take
up占据,从事(工作、兴趣爱好等);take away 拿走;take off 脱下(衣服
等),(飞机)起飞。
(2)She decided that I was the the most suitable person to the job.
A. take over B. take in
C. take down D. take out
【答案】A
【解析】句意:她判定我是接替这份工作的最合适的人选。take over接收,接
管;take in吸收,吞入(体内);take down记下,取下;take out取出。
【现学现练】
(1)I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn’t too much of your
time.
A. take down B. take up
C. take out D. take off
【解析】句意:我知道你一定很忙,自然我不想占用你太多的时间。take down
记下,取下;take up占据,从事(工作、某项活动);take out取出;take off
脱下(衣服等),(飞机)起飞。
B
(2)I’m going to cooking,because I like eating delicious food.
A. take on B. take in C. take up D. take away
C
【解析】句意:我打算从事烹饪,因为我喜欢吃美食。take on 呈现,雇用;
take in吸收,吞入(体内);take up 占据,从事(工作、兴趣爱好等);take
away拿走。
9. be connected to 有关联;连接到
【课文再现】
Swiss watches are always connected to their impressive design and high quality.瑞士
手表总是与它们令人印象深刻的设计和高质量联系在一起。
【归纳拓展】
与connect相关的常用短语。
(1)connect up连起来,接上。如:
You won’t get any current until you connect up the cells of the battery.你必须先把电
池连接起来,才会产生电流。
(2)connect...with...把……和……联系在一起。如:
Chinese people usually connect the color red with something auspicious.中国人常常
把红色与吉祥的事物联系起来。
(3)connect...to...把……连接到……。如:
Connect this to the computer.把这个连接到电脑上。
(4)be connected with...和……有关,和……有联系。如:
He is connected with the murder.他与那件谋杀案有关。
【典型例题】
(1)First connect the printer the computer.
A. on B. to C. with D. at
【答案】B
【解析】句意:首先,将打印机连接到电脑上。connect...to...意为“把……
连接到……”,是固定短语。
(2)We’re waiting for the telephone to be .
A. covered B. caused
C. connected D. continued
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们正在等电话接通。cover覆盖;cause引起;connect(使)连
接,使接通;continue(使)继续。
【现学现练】
(1)There was nothing to connect him the crime(犯罪).
A. with B. to C. on D. up
【解析】句意:没有任何东西能把他和犯罪联系起来。connect...with...意为
“把......和......联系在一起”,是固定搭配。
(2)We are talking the issues connected school violence.
A. of B. up C. on D. with
【解析】句意:我们正在讨论与校园暴力有关的问题。be connected with意为
“和……有关,和……有联系”,是固定搭配。
A
D
10. a good number of 许多,大量
【课文再现】
But after I had been at it for a few years and butchered a good number of oxen...但
在我从事这一行几年并宰杀了很多牛之后……
【归纳拓展】
(1)a number of+可数名词复数,意为“许多……”,其作主语时,谓语动词
用复数形式。如:
A number of students are planting trees on the hill.许多学生正在小山上植树。
(2)the number of+可数名词复数,意为“……的数目/数字”,其作主语时,
谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The number of pages in this book is 60.这本书有60页。
(3)a great many+可数名词复数,意为“许多……”,其作主语时,谓语动词
用复数形式。
(4)many a+可数名词单数,意为“许多……”,其作主语时,谓语动词用单
数形式。
(5)a great deal of+不可数名词,意为“大量的……”,其作主语时,谓语动词
用单数形式。
【典型例题】
(1)We learned knowledge in last English class.
A. a large number of B. a great many
C. a great deal of D. many a
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在上节英语课上,我们学了很多知识。a large number of意为“许多”,其后接可数名词复数;a great many意为“许多”,其后接可数名词复数;a great deal of意为“大量的”,其后接不可数名词;many a意为“许多”,其后接可数名词单数。knowledge是不可数名词,所以用a great deal of 修饰。
(2)Many a person suffered from air pollution.
A. has B. have C. had D. having
【答案】A
【解析】句意:许多人遭受了空气污染。分析可知,此处指过去发生的动作对现
在的影响,句子时态为现在完成时。“many a+可数名词单数”作主语时,谓
语动词用单数形式。此处助动词用has。
【现学现练】
(1)The number of employees reduced from 40 to 25.
A. was B. am C. were D. be
【解析】句意:员工人数从40人减少到25人。“the number of+可数名词复数”
作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)A number of roads been blocked by fallen trees.
A. has B. have C. had D. having
【解析】句意:许多道路被倒下的树木堵塞了。分析可知,此处指过去发生的动
作对现在的影响,句子时态为现在完成时。“a number of+复数可数名词”作
主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
A
B
11. stand for 代表
【课文再现】
I know what Swiss Made stands for now!现在我知道“瑞士制造”代表什么了!
【归纳拓展】
与stand 相关的常用短语。
stand for代表;象征
stand out显眼;突出
stand up站起来;经得起,站得住脚
stand by 站在一旁,袖手旁观;坚持;继续支持
stand in位于……;暂时代替
stand in with...分担;联合
stand on继续同一方向的航行;依赖于;主张
stand to朝……站立;遵守;坚持
stand down(从要职上)退下,下台(让位给他人)
stand back置身事外,退一步(考虑问题)
【典型例题】
(1)Instead of letters,the Chinese language uses characters which
stand ideas,objects or deeds.
A. by B. for C. at D. of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:汉语使用汉字来代表思想、物体或行为,而不是使用字母。
stand for代表,象征。
(2)Don’t just .Can’t you lend a hand?
A. stand up B. stand for
C. stand by D. stand out
【答案】C
【解析】句意:别袖手旁观。你不能帮一下忙吗?stand up站起来,经得起;
stand for代表,象征;stand by站在一旁,袖手旁观;stand out显眼,突出。
【现学现练】
(1)Judging the singer’s voice rather than the singer’s appearance makes the TV
show stand from other entertainment(娱乐)programs.
A. up B. for C. out D. by
【解析】句意:评判歌手的声音而不是歌手的外貌,使得这档电视节目在众多娱
乐节目中脱颖而出。stand up站起来,经得起;stand for代表,象征;stand out
显眼,突出;stand by站在一旁,袖手旁观。
(2)The letters N,S,E and W north,south,east and west.
A. care for B. look for
C. stand for D. apply for
【解析】句意:字母N,S,E和W分别代表北、南、东和西。care for关心,照
料,喜欢;look for寻找;stand for代表,象征;apply for申请。
C
C
精讲三 句 型
12. —He always tries his best to finish the work and he is an expert in his area.他总是
竭尽全力完成工作,他是他所在领域的专家。
—Yes,I couldn’t agree more.是的,我完全同意。
【归纳拓展】
couldn’t agree more 为常用的固定结构,表示“完全同意”。在英语情景交际
中,表示同意的类似表达还有sounds good(听起来不错);go ahead(说吧,做
吧,开始吧,进行吧)表示同意对方的请求;no problem(没问题)回答别人请
求帮助时的用语,也可用于别人感谢时的答语。如:
—So I was thinking if we could just keep this between us.所以我想还是把这当成我
们之间的秘密吧。
—I couldn’t agree more.我再同意不过了。/我完全同意。
【典型例题】
—Teenagers should be allowed to make their own decisions.
— .They are not old enough.
A. I don’t think so B. I’m afraid so
C. I couldn’t agree more D. I hope so
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——应该允许青少年自己做决定。——我不这样认为。他们还不
够大。I don’t think so我不这么认为;I’m afraid so恐怕是这样;I couldn’t agree
more我完全同意;I hope so我希望如此。根据空处后句句意可知,此处表示不同
意对方的观点。
【现学现练】
(1)—We should take action to protect the environment.
— .That’s very important.
A. I didn’t agree B. I’m afraid not
C. I couldn’t agree more D. Take it easy
【解析】句意:——我们应该采取行动保护环境。——我完全同意。那很重要。
I didn’t agree我不同意;I’m afraid not恐怕不是这样;I couldn’t agree more我完
全同意;Take it easy别紧张,放轻松。根据句意和语境可知,此处表示同意对方
的观点。
C
(2)—I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
— .
A
A. Never mind B. With pleasure
C. You’re welcome D. That’s right
【解析】句意:——很抱歉让你久等了。——没关系。Never mind没关系;
With pleasure乐意效劳;You’re welcome不用谢;That’s right那是对的。根据句
意和语境可知,此处应是对对方的抱歉表示理解,Never mind符合题意。
(3)—Could you have a picnic with us this Sunday,Cindy?
— .I don’t know whether I’m free or not then.
A. I’m not sure B. Lucky you
C. Thank you D. Have fun
【解析】句意:——辛迪,这个星期天你能和我们一起去野餐吗?——我不确
定。我不知道那时我是否有空。I’m not sure我不确定;Lucky you你真幸运;
Thank you谢谢;Have fun玩得开心。根据答语后一句可知,此处表示“我”不
知道那时“我”是否有空,I’m not sure符合题意。
A
(4)—Thank you for showing me the way.
— .
A. It’s my pleasure B. I agree
C. It’s very kind of you D. It depends
【解析】句意:——谢谢你给我指路。——不用谢。It’s my pleasure这是我的荣
幸;I agree我同意;It’s very kind of you你真是太好了;It depends视情况而定。
根据句意和语境可知,此处是对致谢做出回应。
A
(5)—Excuse me.Which is the way to the nearest post office?
—Sorry,I don’t know.You can ask the policeman over there.
— .
C
A. How lucky B. It’s a pity
C. Thank you all the same D. Never mind
【解析】句意:——打扰一下。请问最近的邮局怎么走?——对不起,我不知道。你可以问那边的警察。——尽管如此,还是要谢谢你。How lucky多么幸运;It’s a pity这很遗憾;Thank you all the same尽管如此,还是要谢谢你;Never mind不要紧。根据句意和语境可知,虽然对方不知道邮局在哪里,但出于礼貌,也应该向对方表示感谢。
13. That really requires great patience.那真的需要极大的耐心。
【归纳拓展】
need/want/require作“需要”解释时,后接动名词,用主动形式表达被动意义,即
need/want/require doing=need/want/require to be done,译为“需要
(被)……”。如:
The car requires repairing.=The car requires to be repaired.这辆车需要修理。
【注意】类似用法的还有be worth doing=be worthy of being done,意为“值得……”。
【典型例题】
Your ID card require when going through security check.
A. provide B. to provide
C. providing D. being provided
【答案】C
【解析】句意:通过安检时需要提供你的身份证。need,want,require作“需
要”解释时,后接动名词,用主动形式表达被动意义,即need/want/require
doing=need/want/require to be done。
【现学现练】
(1)—Mom,my bike is broken.It requires .
—Don’t worry.Your dad will have it soon.
A. repairing;repaired B. to be repaired;repairing
C. to repair;to repair D. repairing;to be repaired
【解析】句意:——妈妈,我的自行车坏了。它需要被修理。——不要担心。你
爸爸很快会修好它。require doing=require to be done意为“需要被……”,故
第一个空可填repairing/to be repaired;have sth.done意为“请某人做某事,使
某事被做”,故第二个空应填repaired。
A
(2)Swimming pool water needs at least once a week for safety.
A. check B. checked C. checking D. to check
C
【解析】句意:为了安全,游泳池的水每周至少需要(被)检查一次。need作实
义动词时,其常用结构need to do sth.,意为“需要做某事”,表主动,主语通
常是人;need doing=need to be done意为“(某事)需要被……”,表被动,
主语通常是物。根据句意可知,游泳池需要被检查。
(3)—The window is broken and needs .
—I think so.They can hardly keep out the cold now.
A. repairing B. to repair
C. repaired D. be repaired
【解析】句意:——窗户坏了,需要修理。——我也这样认为。它们现在几乎不
能御寒了。sth.need doing=sth.need to be done,意为“某物需要被做”,是固
定用法。此处可填动名词repairing,用主动形式表被动意义,或填不定式的被动
形式to be repaired。
A
(4)—Dave,what do you think of the movie The First Slam Dunk(《灌篮高
手》)?
—It’s well worth for a second time.
A. watching B. to watch
C. watches D. watched
【解析】句意:——戴夫,你觉得电影《灌篮高手》怎么样?——很值得再看一
遍。be well worth doing sth.意为“很值得做某事”,是固定搭配。
A
(5)The article is worthy of .
A. read B. reading
C. being read D. to be read
C
【解析】句意:这篇文章值得一读。 be worthy of being done意为“值得做……”,是固定结构。
14. It is also important for them to be creative,I think.我认为创造力对他们来说也
非常重要。
【归纳拓展】
辨析“It is+形容词+of sb.to do sth.”与“It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”。
(1)当句中形容词是形容人的品质、特征时,形容词后的介词用of。常用于此
句式的形容词有kind(善良的),nice(好的),clever(聪明的),polite(礼貌
的),honest(诚实的),cruel(残忍的),foolish(傻的),silly(愚蠢的)
等。如:
It is really kind of you to help me with my English.你能帮助我学习英语,你真是太
好了。
(2)当句中形容词不是形容人,而是说明后面动词不定式的动作具有某种性质
时,形容词后的介词用for。常用于此句式的形容词有necessary(必要的),
important(重要的),hard(艰难的),difficult(困难的),simple(简单的),possible(可能的),easy(容易的),impossible(不可能的)等。如:
It is important for us to learn English well.学好英语对我们来说是很重要的。
【典型例题】
(1)I don’t think it is hard you to finish the work today.
A. of B. on C. to D. for
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我认为你今天完成这项工作并不困难。根据题干可知,句中形容
词hard不是用来形容人具有的某种品质,而是用来形容完成工作这件事,因此形
容词后的介词用for。
(2)It is rude you to speak to the old man in this way,so it is important
you to master social skills.
A. to;for B. of;for C. for;for D. of;of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你用这种方式和那个老者说话很不礼貌,所以掌握社交技能对你
来说很重要。It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.意为“做某事对某人来说是……”,形容词描述事物的特征、性质;It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.意为“做某事某人是……”,形容词描述人的品质、性格。第一个空,rude形容人的性格,故填of;第二个空,important表示事物的特征、性质,故填for。
【现学现练】
(1)It’s very you to make the same mistake again.
A. careful of B. careful for
C. careless of D. careless for
【解析】句意:你又犯同样的错误真是太粗心了。careless粗心的;careful细心
的。根据句意可知,careless符合题意,排除A、B两项。It is+adj.+for sb.+to
do sth.意为“做某事对某人来说是……”,形容词描述事物的特征、性质;It is
+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.意为“做某事某人是……”,形容词描述人的品质、
性格。careless修饰人,所以用of。
C
(2)It is generous him so much money to the people in poor areas.
A. of;to raise B. for;to raise
C. for;to donate D. of;to donate
D
【解析】句意:他把如此多的钱捐给贫困地区的人们是非常慷慨的。It’s+adj.
+of sb.to do sth.与It’s+adj.+for sb.to do sth.的区别在于,如果形容词修饰
人,如kind,generous等,就用of;如果形容词描述事物特征、性质,如
important,essential等,就用for。本题中generous是修饰人的形容词,所以第一
个空填of。donate意为“捐赠,捐献”;raise意为“筹款,提升”。根据句意可
知,此处指捐献钱款,故第二个空填to donate。
(3)Be careful,Jack.It’s dangerous the phone while driving.
A. answer B. to answer
C. answering D. answers
【解析】句意:小心点儿,杰克。开车时接电话是危险的。It is adj.to do sth.意
为“做某事是……”,是固定句型,其中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的
动词不定式。
B
(4)—Was it necessary John some photos before helping the old
man?
—I think so.In this way,he could also protect himself.
A. of;taking B. for;taking
C. of;to take D. for;to take
【解析】句意:——对约翰而言,在帮助老人之前拍一些照片是必要的吗?——
我认为有必要。这样他也能保护自己。It’s+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.是固定句
型,如果形容词修饰人,就用of;如果形容词描述事物性质,就用for。在本题
中,necessary描述事物的性质、特征,故第一个空填for,第二个空填to take。
D
(5) important us to exercise our brains.
A. That’s;for B. It’s;for
C. That’s;of D. It’s;of
【解析】句意:锻炼大脑对我们来说非常重要。It’s+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.
是固定句型,如果形容词修饰人,就用of;如果形容词描述事物性质,就用
for。在本题中,important描述事物的性质、特征,故第一个空填It’s,第二个空
填for。
B
15. It takes a lot of work to make such a watch.制作这样的一块手表需要很多道工序。
【归纳拓展】
(1)It takes/took/will take sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人……时间。如:
It took them five months to build the house.建造这栋房子花费了他们五个月。
(2)sth.takes/took sb.some time 某事花费某人……时间。如:
Building of the house took them five months.这栋房子的建造花费了他们五个月。
(3)It costs/cost/will cost sb.some money to do sth.做某事花费某人……
金钱。如:
It costs a fortune to fly first class.乘坐飞机头等舱要花一大笔钱。
(4)sth.cost sb.some money某物花了某人……钱。如:
Tickets cost ten dollars each.每张票价为十美元。
【典型例题】
(1)It took them a lot of effort the project.
A. complete B. completing
C. completed D. to complete
【答案】D
【解析】句意:完成这个项目花了他们很多精力。It takes/took/will take sb.some
time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人……时间”,是固定句型。
(2)The concert ticket him $50.
A. spent B. cost C. paid D. took
【答案】B
【解析】句意:音乐会门票花了他50美元。spend意为“花费”,指花费时间或
金钱,主语是人;costs意为“花费”,通常指花费金钱,主语是物;pay意为
“支付”,指支付金钱以购买商品或服务,主语是人;take意为“花费”,通常
指花费时间,常用it作形式主语。
【现学现练】
(1)It him two hours to get to the airport.
A. spent B. took C. cost D. paid
【解析】句意:他花了两个小时才到达机场。spend作“花费”解释时,主语是
人,而此处主语是it,故排除A、D两项。take和 cost作“花费”解释时,主语是
物或 it,但 take花费的是时间,cost花费的是金钱,故排除C项。
(2)It will cost me $50 the bike.
A. repair B. repaired C. to repair D. repairing
【解析】句意:修自行车要花费我50美元。 It costs/cost/will cost sb.some money
to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多少钱”,为常用的固定句型。
B
C
(3)The meal us $50 in total.
A. took B. cost C. paid D. spent
【解析】句意:这顿饭总共花了我们50美元。sth.cost sb.some money意为“某
物花费了某人……钱”,为常用的固定句型。
(4)How long will it you to finish this task?
A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take
【解析】句意:完成这项任务需要花费你多长时间?It takes/took/will take
sb.some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人……时间”,为常用的固定句
型,本题是该句型的特殊疑问句结构。
B
D
(5)She her entire savings in buying a house.
A. spent B. cost C. paid D. took
A
【解析】句意:她把全部积蓄都花在了买房子上。sb.spend/spends/spent some
money in doing sth.意为“某人花费……金钱做某事”,是固定句型。
语法聚焦
Passive voice(被动语态)
一、被动语态的定义
被动语态是动词的一种形式,说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。一般来说,
只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。被动句通常强调动作被执行,而不
强调动作执行者。如:
The girl was saved.这个女孩被救了。(强调女孩被救这件事,而不强调被谁救的)
二、被动语态的构成
汉语往往用“被”“受”“给”等被动词来表示被动意义。在英语中,被动
语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的
形式,过去分词部分不变。在疑问句和否定句中的变化也如此。如:
We plant the trees in spring.我们在春天植树。(主动语态)
The trees are planted by us in spring.这些树是我们在春天栽种的。(被动语态)
三、主动语态改成被动语态的步骤
1. 划分主动句成分,把主动句宾语变成被动句主语。
2. 看主动句时态,根据主动句时态选择相应的被动句句型。
3. 把主动句的主语变成宾格形式放在介词by之后,并置于句尾,其他不变。如:
We built this bridge last year.去年,我们建造了这座桥。(主动语态)
This bridge was built by us last year.去年,这座桥被我们建造。(被动语态)
四、被动语态的9种句型
1. 一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+过去分词。如:
This car is made in China.这辆车是中国制造的。
2. 一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+过去分词。如:
The station was built in 1928.这个车站是1928年建造的。
3. 现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+过去分词。如:
A new factory is being built in our city now.现在在我们城市,一座新的工
厂正在被建。
4. 过去进行时的被动语态:was/were+being+过去分词。如:
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.那时,在我们城市,一座新的
工厂正在被建。
5. 一般将来时的被动语态:will/shall+be+过去分词,am/is/are+going to be+过
去分词。如:
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.今年,在我们城市,一些新的
工厂将被建。
Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.你的手表将会在一个小时之内
被修好。
6. 过去将来时的被动语态:would/should+be+过去分词,was/were+going to be
+过去分词。如:
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.她说我们城市不久后
将会建造一些新工厂。
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.他认为你的手表将
在一个小时之后修好。
7. 现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+过去分词。如:
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.自去年以来,城市里已
经建造了一些新的工厂。
8. 过去完成时的被动语态:had+been+过去分词。如:
I didn’t know that my watch had been mended.我不知道我的手表已经被修好了。
9. 含情态动词的被动语态:can/may/must+be+过去分词。如:
The book can not be found.这本书不可能被发现。
五、其他特殊情况
1. 主动形式表示被动意义。
英语中有些结构形式上是主动的,而表达的意义却是被动的。
(1)某些不及物动词的被动意义。
英语中一般只有及物动词才用于被动语态,不及物动词不用于这种结构。但有些
时候,某些不及物动词,其主动形式含有被动的意义。如:
When did the accident occur?事故是什么时候发生的?
Does life exist on the moon? 月球上存在生命吗?
(2)一些表示“开始”“结束”“运转”等意思的动词。如:
Class begins at eight.八点钟开始上课。
The meeting ended up with warm applause.会议在热烈的掌声中结束了。
The machine runs well.机器运转良好。
(3)当read,write,translate,act,add,wash,wear,cook,lock,sell,tear,cut,keep,feel,burn,strike,last等动词和表示行为方式的状语连用时,它们表示被动意义。这些动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。当主语是人时,它们是及物动词;当主语是物时,它们是不及物动词,即用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The book sells well.这书卖得很好。
My pen writes smoothly.我的笔写起来很流畅。
The play reads more easily than it acts.这剧本易读不易演。
【注意】这些动词常和情态动词(多半是否定式)连用,表示被动。如:
His car can’t move.他的车不能开了。
(4)有些词,如look,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear,turn out等表示状态、特征的连系动词或短语,用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。
What he said proved to be correct.他的话被证明是正确的。
(5)某些动词的进行时态可以表示被动的动作。如:
The meat is cooking.肉正在烧。
The book is printing.这本书正在印刷中。
(6)有些作表语的不定式,在结构上是主动形式,但在意义上却是被动的。如:
She is to blame.她应该受到责备。
The house is to let.此房出租。
2. 不能用于被动语态的情况。
(1)某些表示状态的及物动词,如have,own,cost,lack,want,become,
fit,fail,last,benefit,hold等作谓语时,不能用于被动语态。如:
He lacks confidence.他缺乏自信。
She had a bad cold yesterday,but now she is feeling much better.昨天她得了重感
冒,但是现在好多了。
(2)当宾语是相互代词、反身代词或具有类似相互代词的关系时,动词不能用
于被动语态。如:
They simply cannot contain themselves for joy.他们简直无法抑制内心的喜悦。
He absented himself from a meeting yesterday.他昨天缺席会议了。
(3)当宾语前带有主语的形容词性物主代词时,句子不可变为被动语态。如:
I could not believe my eyes when I saw him still alive.看到他还活着,我简直不相信
自己的眼睛。
The doctor shook his head and then went out without any words.医生摇了摇头,一句
话也没说就出去了。
【注意】当动词的宾语是身体部位时,句子一般不可变为被动语态,但也有例
外。如:
He fixed his eyes on the oil painting.他注视着这幅油画。(主动语态)
His eyes were fixed on the oil painting.他的眼睛盯着这幅油画。(被动语态)
(4)当宾语起状语作用,表示数量、重量、大小或程度时,句子不能用于被动
语态。如:
The case weighs twenty kilos.这箱子重二十公斤。
(5)当宾语是同源宾语时,通常不能转换成被动语态。如:
He laughed a hearty laugh.他由衷地笑了笑。
She dreamed a sweet dream.她做了一个美梦。
(6)当宾语是动词不定式或动词的-ing形式时,句子一般不能转换成被动
语态。如:
He admitted having done wrong.他承认做错了。
(7)当动词enter,leave,reach的宾语是地点、国家机关等时,句子不能改为被
动语态。如:
He left the army in 2020.他2020年退伍。
She entered the hall at once.她立刻进入了大厅。
【注意】常见的不能用于被动语态的短语有take place发生,lose heart失去信心,
belong to属于,consist of 由……组成,catch a cold感冒,eat one’s words食言,
lose patience 失去耐心,make a face 做鬼脸,make up one’s mind下定决心,keep
silence 保持安静,take notes做笔记。
(8)含有would rather或情态动词dare的句子,不能用于被动语态。如:
I would rather do it now.我宁可现在就干这件事。
He dare not do it.他不敢干那件事。
变式练习
单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填在题
前括号里)
( B )1. —Have you finished the paper-cutting?
—Not yet.I’ll finish it if I another ten minutes.
A. give B. am given
C. will give D. will be given
【解析】句意:——你完成剪纸了吗?——还没有。如果再给我十分钟,我会完
成的。分析可知,此处是if引导的条件状语从句,句子时态遵循“主将从现”原
则,主句时态为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来;结合选项可知,从句
主语I和动词give之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,所以空处应用一般现在时的
被动语态,其基本结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”。
B
( B )2. Modern technologies in the 19th Asian Games in September
2023.
A. are used B. were used C. use D. have used
【解析】句意:2023年9月的第19届亚运会运用了现代技术。根据时间状语in
September 2023可知,句子时态为一般过去时;且主语Modern technologies与动
词use之间为被动关系,故应用一般过去时的被动语态。
B
( C )3. Nobody knows for sure whether humans by robots in the
future.
A. replaced B. are replaced
C. will be replaced D. is replaced
【解析】句意:没有人确切地知道人类未来是否会被机器人取代。根据时间状语
in the future可知,从句时态为一般将来时;且从句主语humans与动词replace为
逻辑上的动宾关系,故用一般将来时的被动语态。
C
( A )4. While the refrigerator ,a lot of problems were found.
A. was being examined B. was examined
C. was examining D. had been examined
【解析】句意:在对冰箱进行检查时,发现了许多问题。分析可知,主语the
refrigerator与谓语examine是动宾关系,因此用被动语态;且while引导的时间状
语从句,从句应用进行时态,结合were found可知,从句时态为过去进行时。因
此空处用过去进行时的被动语态,其基本结构为was/were being done。
A
( C )5. —The space is so small that the clothes .
—OK. I will do it right now.
A. are folding B. were folded
C. should be folded D. must be folded
【解析】句意:——空间太小了,衣服应该叠起来。——好的。我现在就去做。
主语the clothes和谓语fold之间是被动关系,且根据句意可知,此处表示衣服应
该被叠起来,故此处用含有情态动词should的被动语态,其结构为should be
done。
C
( C )6. He said that some new factories in the city.
A. will be built B. have been built
C. had been built D. are built
【解析】句意:他说这个城市已经建造了一些新工厂。主句时态为一般过去时,
所以从句也应用过去的某种时态。工厂是被建造,因此设空处用过去完成时的被
动语态,即“had been+过去分词”。
C
( D )7. She said a new road in the village the following year.
A. was built B. had been
C. will be built D. would be built
【解析】句意:她说这个村庄来年将修建一条新路。由主句中she said及从句中
的the next year可知,从句时态为过去将来时。道路是被修建,所以用过去将来
时的被动语态,即“would be+过去分词”。
D
( B )8. Some babies after by Miss Chen last year.
A. are looked B. were looked
C. were being looked D. have been looked
【解析】句意:去年,一些婴儿受到陈女士照顾。由时间状语last year可知,句
子时态为一般过去时;婴儿与照顾之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语
态,即“was/were+过去分词”。
B
( A )9. Some trees in the park now.
A. are being cut B. have been cut
C. had been cut D. were being cut
【解析】句意:现在公园里的一些树正在被砍伐。由时间状语now可知,句子时
态为现在进行时;树木与砍伐之间是被动关系,故应用现在进行时的被动语态,
即“is/am/are+being+过去分词”。
A
( D )10. The task tomorrow.
A. has been finished B. is finished
C. was finished D. will be finished
【解析】句意:这项任务将于明天完成。由时间状语tomorrow可知,句子时态
为一般将来时,任务与完成之间是被动关系,故应用一般将来时的被动语态,即
“will be+过去分词”。
D
学以致用
一、单项选择题(从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意的最佳选项填
在题前括号里)
( B )1. —Your uncle is hardworking.I think he is a model of a good craftsman.
—Yeah, .
A. I don’t think so B. I couldn’t agree more
C. you don’t say that D. you are welcome
【解析】句意:——你的叔叔很勤奋。我认为他是匠人典范。——是的,我完全
同意。I couldn’t agree more意为“我完全同意”,表示同意对方的意见,符合
题意。
B
( B )2. Something that seemed impossible at first may to be good.
A. turn up B. turn out C. take up D. take out
【解析】句意:有些一开始看起来不可能的事情,可能会变成好的事情。A项意
为“出现”;B项意为“结果是……”;C项意为“占据”;D项意为“拿出
来”。
( A )3. Red packet(红包) happiness and good luck in China.
A. stands for B. pays for
C. calls for D. strives for
【解析】句意:在中国,红包代表着幸福和好运。stand for代表,象征;pay for
为……付款;call for要求;strive for争取,奋斗。
B
A
( B )4. —Safety rules for teenagers require strictly,especially for us
junior high school students.
—Yes.Safety comes first.
A. being followed B. following
C. to follow D. follow
【解析】句意:——应严格遵循青少年安全规则,特别是对我们初中生来
说。——是的。安全第一。need/want/require意为“需要”,其后跟动名词,用主动形式表达被动含义。
B
( C )5. You should always quality,not quantity.
A. turn on B. carry on
C. focus on D. come on
【解析】句意:你应该始终关注质量,而不是数量。turn on打开;carry on继
续;focus on专注于,集中于;come on来吧,开始逐渐出现。
( B )6. It him half an hour to learn English.
A. spent B. took C. cost D. paid
【解析】句意:他花了半个小时学英语。It takes/ took sb.some time to do sth.意
为“做某事花费某人……时间”,为固定句型。
C
B
( D )7. —Did you feel was selfish of Jack to hide the comic books?
—Yes.It is important a kid to learn to share.
A. that;of B. that;for C. it;of D. it;for
【解析】句意:——你觉得杰克把漫画书藏起来很自私吗?——是的。对一个孩
子来说学会分享很重要。第一个空,feel/think it be adj.of sb.to do sth.是固定句
型,空处应填it作从句的形式主语;第二个空,It’s adj.for sb.to do sth.意为
“对某人来说做某事是……”,是固定句型,空处应填for。
D
( C )8. The program aims to educate and prepare students a
challenging career.
A. at B. in C. for D. with
【解析】句意:这个项目旨在教育和培养学生为具有挑战性的职业做好准备。
prepare...for...意为“让……为……做好准备”,是固定搭配。
C
( B )9. The number of the volunteers in our city 2,000.And sixty
percent of them teachers and students.
A. is;is B. is;are C. are;is D. are;are
【解析】句意:我们城市的志愿者人数是2 000人。他们中有百分之六十是教师
和学生。第一个空,the number of...意为“……的数量”,当其修饰可数名词
复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,故应用is;第二个空,sixty percent of...
意为“百分之六十……”,当其修饰的名词或代词在句子中作主语时,谓语动词
的单复数形式取决于名词或代词的形式,根据of后的代词them可知,应用are。
B
( A )10. He failed to reach the required ,and did not qualify for the
race.
A. standard B. station C. state D. statue
【解析】句意:他没有达到要求的标准,没有资格参加比赛。standard标准;
station站台;state状态;statue雕塑。根据句意可知,A项符合题意。
( C )11. He didn’t pass the final exam because of lack of .
A. workshop B. structure
C. patience D. patent
【解析】句意:由于缺少耐心,他没有通过期末考试。workshop工作坊;
structure结构;patience耐心;patent专利(权)。
A
C
( C )12. fine weather it is!
A. What a B. How a C. What D. How
【解析】句意:多么晴朗的天气啊!感叹句的中心词是weather,为不可数名
词,故用what引导。
( B )13. Quality as the life of products.
A. was regarded B. is regarded
C. will be regarded D. would be regarded
【解析】句意:质量被认为是产品的生命。句子陈述的是一般事实,句子时态用
一般现在时。由于质量与认为之间是被动关系,因此设空处用一般现在时的被动
语态。
C
B
( C )14. There is a fear that many people will lose their jobs because more
jobs by AI in the future.
A. were done B. are done
C. will be done D. have been done
【解析】句意:由于未来会有更多工作由人工智能完成,人们担忧将来会有许多
人失业。题干中设空处的谓语与前面的主语jobs之间是被动关系;根据时间状语
in the future可知,句子时态为一般将来时,因此设空处应用一般将来时的被动
语态。
C
( D )15. She said that some new workshops in her hometown.
A. is being built B. are being built
C. was being built D. were being built
【解析】句意:她说一些新车间正在她的家乡被建造。由主句中的She said可
知,从句应用过去时态。由于车间与建造之间是被动关系,因此设空处用过去进
行时的被动语态,即“was/were being+过去分词”。
D
二、阅读理解(根据短文内容,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出一个符合题意
的最佳选项填在题前括号里)
A
Mr Wang is a well-known wood carver(雕刻工).When he was a child,he
happened to see a very pretty piece of carved wood.Since then a strong interest in
wood carving was developed.He determined to make his living as a wood carver and
tried hard to learn different techniques.
When he graduated from the junior middle school,he chose a local vocational
school where he was able to keep learning from a wood carving master.In the
following three years,he was full of passion and practiced carving wood day by day.
Due to his hard work and great skills,he was admitted to his ideal college.As a
student representative,he took part in the national vocational skills
competition.Although he got the second place,he was not satisfied.He never changed
his mind.Four years later,he got the first prize in the national professional carver
competition,with his masterpiece weighing up to 50 kilograms.
Now he has become already the leading woodcarving master.At the age of 28,he
set up his own studio.If you go to the Central Art Gallery in his hometown,you can
see some of his famous works being exhibited in the center of the hall.His story has
been written into the book introducing the local celebrities to show how to create an
extraordinary life.
( B )16. It is a(n) of a famous local wood carver.
A. notice B. biography
C. advertisement D. news
【解析】根据整篇文章可知,这篇文章主要介绍木雕师王先生,是一篇人物传记。
( C )17. raised Mr Wang’s interest in wood carving.
A. A local book B. A national competition
C. A pretty piece of carved wood D. A masterpiece of almost 50 kg
【解析】由第一段内中“When he was a child,he happened to see a very pretty
piece of carved wood.Since then a strong interest in wood carving was developed.”可知,一块漂亮的木雕让小时候的王先生对木雕产生了兴趣。
B
C
( D )18. What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “ideal” in
Paragraph 3?
A. 当地的 B. 有名的 C. 权威的 D. 理想的
【解析】由第三段中“Due to his hard work and great skills,he was admitted to
his ideal college.”可知,ideal意为“理想的”。
( A )19. There are some qualities as a great craftsman shown in the text
EXCEPT .
A. being flexible B. being persistent
C. being determined D. being hard-working
【解析】文章在介绍王先生时,主要讲述了他的三种品质,第一段讲下决心,第
二段讲持之以恒,第三段讲勤奋。文中没有谈到灵活性。
D
A
( C )20. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Mr Wang was a vocational student majoring in wood carving.
B. Mr Wang has experience of taking part in some big competitions.
C. Mr Wang has a job in the local gallery and shows his works to visitors.
D. Mr Wang kept practicing carving wood and had succeeded.
【解析】由文中“If you go to the Central Art Gallery in his hometown,you can see some of his famous works being exhibited in the center of the hall.”可知,王先生的一些著名作品在家乡的中央艺术美术馆展览,并没有说到他在那个地方工作。
C
B
Chinese New Year paintings,or nianhua in Chinese,are traditional paintings to
be put up on walls and windows during the Spring Festival.Their bright colors and
different subjects show the great expectation of Chinese for happiness and wealth.
The Chinese New Year painting is an old handicraft.Its original form was a picture
of a Door God during the Tang Dynasty.Later,more subjects such as the Kitchen
God,women and babies were included.As the Chinese New Year arrives,every
family puts up its New Year paintings in order to say goodbye to the past and welcome
the future.One of the most famous woodblock New Year paintings comes from
Yangjiabu of Shandong Province.It covers all kinds of themes and forms.They reflect
people’s everyday life.
As time went by,people found New Year paintings old-fashioned.Besides,they
considered the Door God was too scary to hang in their homes.They wanted something
more artistic.So in the middle of the 1980s,the sales of New Year paintings dropped
greatly.
Usually colorful woodblock New Year paintings are produced in four
steps.First,artists draw a simple sketch(素描)on the paper.Next,they make the
simple sketch on the wood board and print a few samples(样品).Then,they add
color to the sample.Finally,when the preparation is finished,the printers paint color
on the color board,and then put paper on the wood board and brush the paper.Then
the colorful woodblock New Year paintings are ready.
There are four main themes in the Chinese New Year paintings.
( A )21. is the first form of Chinese New Year painting.
A. A picture of Door God B. A picture of babies
C. A picture of women D. A picture of Kitchen God
【解析】根据第二段中“Its original form was a picture of a Door God during the
Tang Dynasty.”可知,门神是中国年画的最早形式。
A
( B )22. When Chinese New Year comes,people to say goodbye to
the past and welcome the future.
A. put up paper cuttings B. put up Chinese New Year paintings
C. put up photos D. put up notices
【解析】根据第二段中“As the Chinese New Year arrives,every family puts up
its New Year paintings in order to say goodbye to the past and welcome the future.”可知,当中国新年到来时,人们张贴年画,辞旧迎新。
B
( D )23. Fewer and fewer people buy Chinese New Year paintings in the middle
of the 1980s because people .
A. found Chinese New Year paintings unimportant
B. thought the Door God couldn’t bring good luck
C. found it hard to produce Chinese New Year paintings
D. wanted something that full of art
【解析】根据第三段内容可知,越来越少的人购买年画是因为人们想要充满艺术
气息的东西。
D
( C )24. We can read this passage in a magazine.
A. nature B. sports C. culture D. health
【解析】根据第一段中“Chinese New Year paintings,or nianhua in Chinese,
are traditional paintings to be put up on walls and windows during the Spring
Festival.”并通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了中国的年画,属于文化范畴,所以
我们可以在文化杂志上看到这篇文章。
C
( B )25. What will the writer probably talk about next?
A. The development of Chinese New Year paintings.
B. The introduction to main themes of Chinese New Year paintings.
C. The history of Chinese New Year paintings.
D. The process of creating Chinese New Year paintings.
【解析】根据最后一段“There are four main themes in the Chinese New Year
paintings.”可推知,接下来作者会介绍几个中国年画的主要的主题。
B
C
Have you heard of Shen Nong,a legendary(传说中的)ruler in ancient China
about 5,000 years ago? He could know what plants did to human bodies because he
had a transparent belly(肚子).After eating plants,he could see what was going on
inside.This way,he found plants that were good for people’s health.And now,
scientists may have found a way for everyone to see through their skin.
In a recent study,scientists at Stanford University in the US used a yellow food
dye(染料)to make the skin of a mouse transparent for a while.
In the study,scientists took off the fur of some mice and put the dye on their
skin.After a while,they could see through mice’s brains and see how food moves
through their bodies.“It takes a few minutes for the transparency to appear,” said
one of the scientists.After they washed away the dye,the skin looked normal
again.The dye doesn’t hurt animals.
In the future,this dye may be used on people’s bodies.It can make giving shots
(打针)easier.It can also help find cancer earlier.
( B )26. The underlined word “transparent” in Paragraph 1 means
“ ”.
A. old enough to be understood B. clear enough to be seen through
C. big enough to be seen D. interesting enough to be liked
【解析】根据画线单词后的句子“After eating plants,he could see what was
going on inside.”可猜测得知,transparent意为“透明的”。
B
( A )27. Why did Shen Nong know what plants did to human bodies?
A. Because he could see inside his own belly.
B. Because he tried eating different kinds of plants.
C. Because he could see through other people’s bellies.
D. Because he ruled China for about 5,000 years.
【解析】根据第一段中“He could know what plants did to human bodies because
he had a transparent belly.After eating plants,he could see what was going on
inside.”可知,神农能够知道植物对人体有什么作用,是因为他有一个透明的肚
子,他可以看到他的肚子里面发生了什么。
A
( D )28. What do we know about the dye used in the study?
A. It can help take off the fur.
B. It can hurt the mice’s skin.
C. It’s hard to be washed off.
D. It works on mice after a few minutes.
【解析】根据第三段中“‘It takes a few minutes for the transparency to
appear,’ said one of the scientists.”可知,这种染料几分钟后就会在老鼠身上
起作用。
D
( C )29. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Shen Nong was a legendary ruler in China.
B. The skin looked normal again after the dye was washed away.
C. The dye has already been used on people’s bodies.
D. The dye does no harm to the mice in the study.
【解析】根据第一段中“Have you heard of Shen Nong,a legendary ruler in
ancient China about 5,000 years ago?”可知,A项正确;根据第三段中“After
they washed away the dye,the skin looked normal again.”可知,洗去染料后,
皮肤就会恢复正常,B项正确;根据第三段最后一句“The dye doesn’t hurt
animals.”可知,D项正确;根据最后一段中“In the future,this dye may be
used on people’s bodies.” 可知,C项错误。
C
( D )30. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. Special dye used on people’s bodies.
B. New ways to find cancer.
C. Easy ways to give shots.
D. Future use of the dye on people.
【解析】根据文中最后一段内容可知,该段主要讲述了可使皮肤暂时透明的染料
未来可能被用于人体,它可以使注射更容易,以及有助于更早发现癌症。
D
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